Topic of the day: lesbian lizards.
There's a species of lizards that are entirely female (they really said no boys today honey) living in North America and Mexico. So how do they make baby lizards without males?
They reproduce by parthenogenesis (and are one of the few if not the only species of animal to reproduce only by this method). Parthenogenesis is a reproduction form where the female sexual cells develop without the masculine ones (eggs undergo a chromosome doubling after meiosis, developing into lizards without being fertilized), and it can happen in insects, birds, fishes and reptiles.
The desert grassland whiptail lizard (Aspidoscelis uniparens) does this, but! The ovulation is enhanced by female-female courtship and mating (pseudo-copulation) rituals that resemble the behavior other lizards that reproduce sexually.
So they are the absolute only-female lesbian queens.
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Mourning Geckos (Lepidodactylus lugubris) are incredible creatures. Nearly every member of this species is female, and they reproduce via parthenogenesis. This means that instead of reproducing sexually, each individual will produce tiny clones of themselves!
Despite not needing to mate to produce offspring, the all female members of this species do prefer to copulate before egg production.
Yes that's right, it's an entire species of lesbians!!
Male animals are produced on occasion, but are incredibly rare, and don't generally take part in mating or reproduction.
Mourning Geckos are social animals and do best in groups, so if you pick one up be sure to get her some company ♡
This species is an absolute joy to keep, they're active and vocal, easy to care for, and have wonderful, curious personalities.
They are quite small and fast, so care should be taken when handling or rehousing.
I adore these beautiful little lesbian lizards ♡♡♡
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Fun Fact Friday: There are Species of Lesbian Lizards!
This is a New Mexico Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis neomexicanus), and I am 100% sure that this lizard is a female! How can I know?
Well, because every New Mexico Whiptail Lizard is a female!
There are about 45 species of whiptail lizards (which used to be one genus but then were sorted mostly into the genera Aspidoscelis and Cnemidophorus), at least 15 of which are “unisexual” species, i.e. all-female species.
(some species are fun colours!)
These lizards reproduce exclusively via parthenogenesis, which basically means they clone themselves every time they reproduce, laying eggs that contain genetically-identical offspring. Now, normally I would call such a species asexual lizards, to get some of that good ace rep, but here’s the thing:
These all-female lizards still mate with each other.
(gal pals! 😉)
Every breeding season, these lizards go through same-sex mating behaviours, including lengthy courtship rituals, which culminates in one female lizard mounting the other.
This process can last more than 10 minutes.
(I love this paper)
Without same-sex mating, a female might lay one or two eggs in a breeding season. Maybe. With same-sex mating, a female can lay up to 9 eggs in a season! That’s 2-3 clutches with 2-3 eggs in each, and a HUGE increase in reproductive success!
A BBC clip about these lizards from 2010 claims that the “male-like” behaviour of the females is caused by an increase of “the male hormone testosterone”, but that’s actually not true. At all.
The BBC lied to me about Lesbian Lizards!!!
In reality, testosterone levels stay uniformly low throughout the breeding season, while the cycling of estrogen and progesterone are what triggers the different mating behaviours. Neither of these hormones are generally referred to as “male” hormones.
(git gud, BBC. Honestly, this 2 minute clip has a bunch of mistakes, mostly to increase the Drama, but whatever, I guess).
(one of my favourite graphs in anything, tbh)
Before the ovulation, the lizard’s levels of estrogen increases, leading to “female-like” mating behaviour. After mating, but before the eggs are laid, estrogen drops off a clip while progesterone peaks, and the female goes off to mate with other females, this time in the “male-like” role.
(This one is A. exsanguis, which is fun because it’s name means “lacking blood” although I am 99.999999% sure that they do have blood)
Once the eggs are laid, the female has a period of inactivity, probably because laying eggs is a lot of work and she doesn’t have the TIME or ENERGY to deal with the ups and downs of courtship.
(Seriously, though, it probably is a way to recover after the metabolically-taxing work of reproduction. Let the new mom REST).
This has been Fun Fact Friday, telling you the story of the Lesbian Lizards because I love lesbian lizards so much you guys you don’t even know.
Also, my city celebrates Pride in August, so Happy Pride to All! (But especially to Lesbian Lizards, my beloved)
Oh, look. More Sources:
Crews, D., & Fitzgerald, K. T. (1980). “Sexual” behavior in parthenogenetic lizards (Cnemidophorus). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 77(1), 499-502. https://www.jstor.org/stable/8233
Crews, D., & Young, L. J. (1991). Pseudocopulation in nature in a unisexual whiptail lizard. Animal behaviour, 42(3), 512-514. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80056-9
Cole, C. J. (1984). Unisexual lizards. Scientific American, 250(1), 94-101. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24969281
Crews, D., Grassman, M., & Lindzey, J. (1986). Behavioral facilitation of reproduction in sexual and unisexual whiptail lizards. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 83(24), 9547-9550. https://www.jstor.org/stable/28660
Crews, D. (1987). Courtship in unisexual lizards. Scientific American, 257(6), 116-121. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24979584
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