¿Cuándo el hombre fue capaz de representar una imagen bi y tridimensional?
PALEOLITICO ( 35 000 - 40 000 a.C. )
Del griego παλαιός, palaiós: ‘antiguo’, y λίθος, lithos: ‘piedra’
El hombre es primitivo, se comunica por medio de señas y aun no sabe como hacerlo de forma verbal
Hubieron cambios climáticos dentro de la atmosfera, siendo una glaciación, viéndose obligados a buscar habitads más amigables para adaptarse
Arte rupestre o arte parietal
Hizo figuras femeninas para honrarlas teniendo conceptos como:
llave de la vida
forma fértil de la creación
Y un ejemplo siendo: "venus de willendorf"
Tierra como fertilidad y símbolo de la vida
Exageraban sus pechos, vientre y vagina
EJEMPLOS
MESOPOTAMIA
Diosa SHTAR?
EGIPTO
ISIS (Diosa madre)
puede aparecer amamantando a su hijo ORUS
En este tiempo se logró la habilidad de la comunicación gráfica en la imagen bi y tridimensional
Bisonte cuevas de Altamira.
con esa imagen dicen que se inició el arte (historiadores del arte)
origen del diseño puesto que es una imagen que comunica algo a alguien, es un código, imagen señal, donde nació el diseño gráfico (historiadores del diseño)
El profesor comenta qué "es un patrón de comunicación o expresión", también, que el arte y el diseño se llevan de la mano
El ser humano acude a intermediarios externos para conservar una memoria vivida, siéndole imposible vivir sin la tecnología creada por el hombre, y concluyendo que es la extensión de la propia naturaleza humana
EJEMPLO
Rueda ( 4 000 a.C. ) siendo la prótesis de las piernas
“Prótesis humanas que sirven de adaptación al medio”
5 000 - 3 000 a.C.
Escritura
Ya no necesita estar usando representaciones visuales para comunicarse, sin embargo, no se dejó de utilizar la imagen para acompañar y/o complementar la escritura
En MESOPOTAMIA, las culturas de SUMERIOS, ACADIOS y ASISRIOS compartían similitud en sus abecedarios
Fenicios y Egipcios, juntaban los elementos visuales (jeroglíficos) con la escritura para inmortalizar las memorias, como en tumbas, papiros, placas de barro
“guardar la memoria del hombre”
Los fenicios formaron su alfabeto, que fue adoptado por los griegos y luego por los romanos, donde fluyó al latín
La escritura fue su nuevo medio para poder conservar la memoria humana con mayor conciencia, además de que se planteaba como una prótesis más segura en ese momento para guardar las experiencias y conocimientos vividos por el hombre
Hay otro ejemplo, que son las poesías de homero; las aprendían y luego recitaba, siendo llamado "memoria oral"
1 450 d.C.
La imprenta - libro impreso (Gutenberg)
Permite al acceso a la memoria universal del hombre, no sólo del pueblo ni de cultura, sino de cualquier otro lugar. Dejando también la circulación y acceso de la memoria sin pertenecer a grupos especiales, rompiendo fronteras siendo ahora el artefacto más eficaz para guardar y compartir la memoria externa elaborada por el hombre
democratización del conocimiento
- 1760
Estallido de la revolución industrial
- 1980
Aparece la computadora personal (PC)
giro tecnológico, innovaciones tecnológicas del siglo XIX
"el mundo es un vértigo"
Profesor Jorge Morales Moreno
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chapter 4
Remus felt the sofa dip as James sat down beside him, the popcorn he was carrying spilling as Peter took a handful. Movie night, a time-honoured tradition for the marauders, had fallen on a Thursday this month, but the inconvenience wouldn’t stop them. James always hosted, so at least they could rely on Mrs Potter to wake them for school in the morning. Sirius flicked through Disney Plus on the TV, sat criss-cross in the most ridiculous onesie James had jokingly bought him one birthday, struggling to pick a film.
It made him look great, hugging everything delightfully, whilst still having that sense of humour that he adored.
Can you stop being a gay disaster for 5 minutes?
Sirius had begun to act normally again after only a few days, refusing to attest to what exactly was bothering him, ignoring people when asked. On the first day he’d laughed along with his friends as he used to, Remus had given Lily a concerned look which was shrugged off timidly.
“How ‘bout Shtar Warsh? We haven’t washed dem in a while.” Peter suggested through a mouth full of food.
James huffed, “No, Wormtail, we watched all the bloody films last month, remember?”
“Well what about Narnia? Magic and shit.” He tried again. Everybody groaned.
“Ok, ok, I get it,” He defended, hands going up in mock surrender. “What do you suggest then?”
Remus watched as Sirius thought for a moment, pulling at his hair before switching to the Marvel section, “You can’t go wrong with Avengers, lads.”
“Sirius, you are literally the only person who likes the Avengers.” James said as he put his head in his hands, snatching the popcorn bowl from Peter and offering it to the room. “Moony, you’re awfully quiet, what do you think?”
Remus tore his eyes away from Sirius just as he tilted his head and offered his infamous puppy dog eyes, the caramel flecks shining in the light of the TV. Truthfully, he didn’t much like Marvel movies, finding them a bit boring, but how was he supposed to say no to those eyes? “I don’t mind, let Sirius pick.”
Sirius squealed girlishly before starting the film, getting up from the floor and situating himself right next to Remus, body pressing against his side. He drew in a breath.
Stay calm. You’ve sat close to him before.
“Wait who’s that? What’s he doing?” Peter was one of those people who talked the whole way through a movie, asking question that would be answered within a few minutes, and it was annoying to say the least. “Oh fuck! Why’s he doing that?!”
Sirius laughed seemingly right into Remus’s ear and the sound was infectious. The slight feeling of hot air against his face sent a jolt down his spine; he didn’t dare to move an inch in case he got too close, or in case he got too far away. He couldn’t deny himself the feeling of it, even if it was only temporary.
As the evening faded to night, sun into the moon, the four of them lay tired, barely processing what was happening on the screen with eyes blinking wearily. Yet Remus was wide awake, all too aware of the soft dundun dundun dundun of Sirius’s heartbeat. It was calm and lethargic, accompanied by the rise and fall of his chest. The screen was busy with action and explosions, and Remus’s brain was loud with spinning thoughts.
James yawned exaggeratedly. “I don’t know if I can stand anymore of this Padfoot, turn it off.”
“But this is the best bit!” He pleaded.
“It was the best bit half an hour ago, hell, it was the best bit 10 minutes ago. Poor Peter’s trying to sleep.” A snore came from the floor almost in agreement.
Sirius sighed, “please… just let me watch this, I’ll turn it off straight after. Swear down.”
“Fine, but I’m going up to bed. Turn off the lights when you’re finished, would you? Mum says we’re trying to save money on the electric.”
“You got it Prongs!”
The room was eerily silent as the film continued, apart from Sirius’s quiet reaction and Peter’s thundering snores. Remus’s breathing evened out gradually as he settled back into the heat of his friend’s body. He knew he was crossing some sort of boundary but he couldn’t bring himself to care. Staving off a yawn, he braved a look at the other boy, only to meet bleary eyes and a drooping head.
“You don’t actually like Avengers, do you?” He smiled.
Remus’s breathing picked up again. “What? I don’t know what you’re talking about-“
“No, I know, I know… It’s fine. You don’t have to pretend anymore.”
He scoffed, “I wasn’t pretending. Why would I?”
“You tell me, Moons.”
~~
Remus woke up to a head heavy on his shoulder, still peacefully sleeping, his lips slightly parted and hair falling onto his back. When had Sirius fallen asleep? And when had he gotten right there?
“Boys, boys, I can’t believe I forgot!” Mrs Potter entered the room briskly. “It’s time to get up, hurry now.”
The head on his shoulder jerked up, obviously startled as he brought his arm up to cover his eyes from the intensity of the light. “What time is it? Moons?”
“It’s about 8, Sirius love. Was it a late night?” Mrs Potter asked, tidying the blankets and bowls scattered all over the floor.
He stretched lethargically. “Not quite.”
She left the room with a final wake up call to Peter, leaving Remus to deal with a half-asleep Sirius Black practically on his lap. He watched as he brushed his hair out of his face, rubbing at his eyes and pressing into the material of the other’s pyjama t-shirt. The bastard doesn’t even look dishevelled.
“Morning, Moons, you alright?” He mumbled.
Remus stuttered, “Yeah, I’m fine, I’m great, yeah, I’m… peachy.”
“Peachy?”
He didn’t notice the way Sirius’s cheeks flushed and his face fell, nor did he notice the waver in his iron confidence that was built up so high. The boy sobered slightly, finally lifting his head and coming back down to reality.
“How did you-, um, did you sleep okay?” Remus asked.
“Absolutely peachy.” Sirius laughed, “How about you?”
His palms began to sweat as he answered shakily, trying his best to change the subject “Oh, yeah, do you know where I put my, um-, my bag?
The other boy faltered, gathering his own belongings and spare change of clothes. “I think it’s in the kitchen mate.”
“Right, thanks, yeah,” Remus said.
Peter looked up from the floor, appearance in stark contrast to Sirius’s effortless, I woke up like this aura. He felt around for his phone and once found he cursed loudly, “Shit! I forgot to charge it, my mum’ll go mad.”
Remus wasn’t listening as he stared at the back of a certain someone’s head, wondering if he’d done something wrong. It seemed as if there was an entire section of his brain dedicated to Sirius, whether that be anxious thoughts about his wellbeing and emotions, or pathetic crushing.
James burst through the door, “Do you need me to call your mum? Is she worried about you?” He cooed. “Okay now, that gesture wasn’t very nice.”
When Remus turned back to look at Sirius, he had already gone, presumably to the bathroom. James spoke warmly, “What do you want for breakfast? Dad says he’ll make bacon if you fancy it.”
“Have you got sausages as well? That’d be nice.” Peter had stopped panicking about his phone, perking up at the mention of food.
Remus truthfully was quite hungry, but suddenly wasn’t in the mood. “I’ll eat at school, thanks though Prongs.”
“It’s no trouble, he always makes too much anyway.” James reasoned.
“Seriously, I’m fine.” He said dismissively, giving one last reassuring smile before stalking into the kitchen to sit at the bar, scrolling through his own phone lazily. Mr Potter was hard at work at the stove, the bacon James had spoke of by his side.
He sought out conversation, “How’s your mum these days? I haven’t spoken to her in a while.”
“She’s doing well, yeah.” For a moment he let his mind linger on the thought of his mother, pushing herself to her limits just for mere household chores, every adult he knew always asking about her. He tended not to think too much of it, but occasionally it was impossible to ignore. Never did he talk openly about what was going on, he was similar to Sirius that way.
“Something smells good.” Sirius sauntered into the room, looking even more perfect than before, if that was possible.
James chuckled, “Unlike you.”
“Very original.”
“Again, unlike you.”
~~
Marlene looked away from where she was tracing glitter onto Remus’s eyelids, “Seriously, Re, I don’t know why you were so against this. It looks good!”
“I wasn’t against it, I am against it. This is stupid.” He huffed.
Remus was sat in the girls’ bathroom, legs folded on a closed toilet seat, head tilted up to meet a makeup brush. Surrounding him were Lily, Mary, Dorcas and Marlene, all gossiping excitedly about an art project they were doing. After he’d come out to Lily, he’d found it easy and comforting to tell the other girls too (though still not ready to tell the boys), who’d jumped on the excuse to show him love, support and happiness. They were currently working on a project about gender expression, using Remus as a very unenthusiastic model.
“Jeez, Marls, doesn’t this seem like a bit too much?” He asked.
Dorcas laughed, “There’s no such thing as too much!”
“Tell that to the people who are going to be blinded by my fucking-,” He winced as the brush pressed harder against his skin, “be careful with that, -my eyes.”
Marlene swiped a thumb over the glistening skin, before leaning back to inspect her work. “Hey babe, do you think I should go for red or pink on the lips? I think the red goes cute with the eyes.”
“Whatever you think.” Dorcas smiled sweetly.
Remus made a noise in the back of his throat, “As long as it doesn’t take too long, I have to take all of this off before my next lesson.”
“You should keep it on, it’s nice.” Lily suggested, “I think Sirius would think so anyway.”
“Fat chance.”
He felt his phone buzz in his pocket so he got it out, not without protest from Marlene. The beating of his heart picked up as he saw it was a snapchat from Sirius, his momentary freeze allowing Lily to snatch it right from his hands.
“Speaking of him, what’s going on?”
He snatched the phone back. “I haven’t opened it, dumbass.”
“Well then you better open it before I do, dumbass.” Lily teased.
He wondered for a moment what it could be, considering Sirius must have been well into a lesson. Not that I know his timetable. That would be weird. He tried to reason with himself about all of the possible things it could concern, and how practically none of which aligned with his fantasies and wishes. Reasoning had always gone out the window when it came to his friend.
Friends. That’s all you are.
“C’mon Remus, let’s see it.” Mary sang.
Marlene joined her, “You cannot leave us waiting like this.”
“He’ll open it when he’s ready, guys.” He heard Dorcas say vaguely.
He only hesitated for another second, until with a surge of confidence he tapped his phone to open the message. For a moment, he thought I’m overreacting, it’s just a stupid snapchat, but this moment was cut short by a glance at the picture of Sirius from under the desk with the caption ‘meet me in Slughorn’s empty lab in 5. We need to talk’
Holy. Shit.
“Um, Marls?” She hummed in recognition. “How fast can you take all of this off my face?”
~~
It was eerily quiet as he cautiously walked into the lab, having never been there outside of lessons. It was also strange to see Sirius perched atop the counter, legs swinging wildly and fingers picking at his nail polish. Remus remembered when he’d first started painting his nails, claiming he was only doing it because it pissed off his mum, but it was to be suspected that he secretly loved it.
Sirius lifted his head and scanned Remus’s face in confusion. “Bloody hell, what happened to you?”
“Marlene happened.”
He laughed, “That explains it.”
The two looked at each other for a moment, searching for the words but not quite finding them. It was awkward, but the comfortable kind. Remus broke the silence shyly, “Did you need to talk to me about something?”
Sirius sighed, “I was hoping you wouldn’t bring that up.”
“What-, what do you mean? Isn’t that why you wanted me here? No offence, but I wouldn’t just risk detention with Slughorn to just stand here,” He asked, before realising what he said. “Not that I don’t… I wouldn’t… I just wanted to know what’s up.”
Sirius rubbed at the back of his neck. “Keep talking, please, it makes me less nervous.”
“What do you have to be nervous about?” Remus said, kicking at his shoes.
“A lot, apparently.”
Sirius stilled where he was sitting, hooking his ankles together to stop the violent swinging, running a hand through his hair. Remus’s mind reeled trying to make sense of what was happening, or what he should be doing. Say something, idiot. “Me talking makes you less nervous?” It was more of a statement than a question.
“I guess it does, yeah.” Sirius replied quietly.
Remus found a poster on the wall to burn his eyes into, reading the same sentence again and again without really understanding it. Truth be told, he had no idea what was going on, and at this rate he’d never find out.
He spoke with a care-free façade, “So who’s lesson are you skiving? Wait no, don’t tell me, it’s Binns, isn’t it?”
“You know me so well.” Sirius said with a hand over his heart. “He doesn’t even notice! It’s a wonder anyone shows up.”
Remus paused a moment for a thought, “Perhaps it’s just the people who actually care about their grades. Or the people who chose the subject because they enjoy it, not just because James picked it, who only did it because Lily did.”
“Couldn’t be me.” Sirius giggled. Giggled.
“Well, for once I can’t be too angry,” Remus mirrored his laugh. “You did save me from the wrath of Marlene’s makeup brush. I don’t think I could have been able to stand any more glitter.”
“I don’t blame you.” Sirius said amusedly, before adding, “I don’t blame her either. Looks nice.”
Remus’s breath caught in his throat. “You think?”
Rather than be embarrassed as he was before, Sirius let out another hearty laugh. “You’re always so self-deprecating, mate. You look good, any bird would be lucky to have you.”
“I’ll have to take your word for it.” Remus replied happily, any sadness slipping from his shoulders as he took in the compliment. He’d never been good at taking compliments, either out of disbelief and surprise, or his anxiety.
They’re only saying these things out of pity, he’d think. But he didn’t think that now.
It subdued for only a few seconds, the two laughing about anything and everything, before Sirius blurted something that made Remus’s eyebrows shoot up to his hairline. “I like boys, by the way… that’s what I wanted to talk to you about.”
FuckfuckfuCKFUCKFUCKSHITSHIT
“What-, you-, I don’t, what?” He spluttered, eyes wide. “Are you serious?”
“Do you really want me to answer that?”
Remus had to bite back a smile, “No, I absolutely do not. I just… wow.”
Sirius nodded. “Wow. That sums it up pretty well.”
“I-, I had no idea, I mean, that came out wrong.” He then realised how awful this sounded, probably making Sirius think he was homophobic or something. He debated it in his mind, he had the perfect opportunity to tell him of his own truth. “Does-, does anyone know? James maybe?”
Sirius’s squeezed his hands between his thighs. “The only people who know are my so-called parents and Regulus. Long story short, they’re not exactly the most accepting people in the world.”
Remus let out a sympathetic noise, “I’m so sorry.” You can’t tell him now, it’d take his moment away.
But maybe I have a chance. A very small one, I’m probably not even his type. But a chance.
“Can I… Do you… A hug, maybe?”
Before he could blink Sirius was wrapping his arms around him, pressing a teary face to his shoulder. It was slightly difficult at the angle, and Remus had to stand on his toes to put his own arms on his waist to steady him.
Sirius breathed, “I left, Re. I told them and stood up and I left.”
“I’m proud of you, it takes a lot to do that”
He hadn’t known when tears had started to stream down Sirius’s face. “But Reg, he’ still there. I left him in that fucking house! I could have-“
“He’s a smart kid, you know that. You had to get out, you can’t put all the fault on your shoulders, Pads.” He was saying anything he thought could cheer him up. “Where did you even go? After you left, you had to have gone somewhere.”
“Round James’s. Mrs Potter set up an airbed and everything.”
Remus smiled, relieved that he’d gotten the comfort of the Potter household. “Pads, can I tell you something?”
“Course, Moons.” He lifted his head from where it had been pressed against Remus, looking him right in the eye.
“Me too.”
“What?”
“I-“ Spit it out. “I like boys too. And girls. Pads… I’m bi.”
This time he did notice how Sirius’s face flushed as he cleared his throat. “I’m happy for you, mate. Although the glitter might have given it away.”
“You think?”
~~
One week ago.
Sirius was running. He didn’t know when it had started raining, but now he was picking up the pace as to not get caught in the heavy downpour. It was cold – dark with an evening breeze and freezing – and he was only wearing a thin, white t-shirt and jeans. His long hair stuck to his forehead unpleasantly, beads of rain and sweat dripping down his entire body.
‘Then leave! Get the fuck out of my house!’ Mr Black boomed.
He hadn’t expected to leave, to tell them he was gay or to stand up for himself. It had been an idea in the back of his mind for a while, but as he was now actually going through with it, he was regretful. It was the name of his brother coming from Mr Black’s mouth with such disrespect had been the final straw.
He knew exactly where he was running, the only place that had ever felt like home. He flinched as he heard himself bang on the door heavily, his mind swimming elsewhere, and fell into the arms of the woman who opened the door with a startled smile.
“Sirius love, what’s going on?” She inquired. “Gosh, you’re soaked through, let’s get you to the shower.”
He nodded glumly and heard his best friend hurry down the stairs, “Padfoot! Are you okay? Who was it? I bet it was his parents. Those bastards, I don’t know why you stayed there for so long. Is Reg okay? Is he here? We’ll take him in too if we have to.”
“James, stop crowding him. I’m sure he’ll tell us when he’s ready. In the meantime, let’s get you cleaned up.” The last part was directed at Sirius.
He squeezed his eyes shut and took a deep breath. “Can I stay the night?”
Mrs Potter’s eyes curled kindly, “You’ll stay as long as you need. Who would I be to send you away in this state?”
“Sick!” James exclaimed while his mother shushed him. “We’ll have a sleep over, wouldn’t that be cool?”
Sirius hadn’t smiled all night, but in that moment he did. “Thank you.”
“C’mon, mate. You can pick some of my clothes.”
“Not a chance, you dress like a 9-year-old kid.”
“Do not.”
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