Wet Beast Wednesday: parrotfish
Which fish hangs out on a mermaid pirate's shoulder and repeats what she says in a high-pitched voice? The parrotfish, of course. Or at least in fiction they should (certainly will in my D&D world). But even in real life, parrotfish are still pretty interesting.
(Image: a common parrotfish (Scarus psittacus) seen from the side in front of rocks and corals. It is a brightly-colored fish, mainly light blue but with patches and stripes of yellow and pink on the fins. Its mouth is open, revealing what appears to be a beak. End ID)
Parrotfish are fish famous for their mouths and eating habits. There are about 90 species known. While they were historically considered their own taxonomic family, they have since been reclassified a subset of the wrasse family and there is still some debate on how to classify them. Most species are on the smaller size, but a few can get very large. The largest species is the green humphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) at 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) and 75 kg (165 lbs) while the smallest species is the bluelip parrotfish (Cryptotomus roseus) reaching 13 cm (5 in). I could not find an average weight for the bluelips. What makes parrotfish really stand out visually is their colors and their mouths. Most species are very brightly colored, with distinct markings and males are usually more brightly colored than females. Their mouths are dominated by what appear to be beaks, which gave them their common name. These beaks are actually made of approximately 1,000 teeth arranged in 15 rows. As the teeth wear out, they drop off and are replaced by the row behind them. The teeth are made of fluorapatite, the second hardest biomineral int the world. To support their hardness, the fluorapatite crystals that make up the teeth are woven together in a structure very similar to chainmail, resulting in very hard teeth that measure in at a 5 on the Mohs scale of hardness. For reference, iron is a 4 and higher numbers are harder. The teeth can also handle 530 tons of pressure. You could put the weight of 200 black rhinos on a tooth and it would be fine. The beaks are powerful enough to bite through rock. Which is what they use it for, but more on that below. Another unusual feature of parrotfish is how they sleep. Some species make their own sleeping bags, which would be adorable if they weren't made of mucus. The mucus is produced using glands in the gills and looks like a transparent bubble. The fish sleeps in the mucus cocoon and when it wakes up, it eats the cocoon. There have been several proposed benefits of the cocoon. It contains chemicals that harm skin parasites while also providing a barrier that keeps new parasites from reaching the fish. It also likely blocks the fish's scent, helping it hide from predators.
(Image: a green humphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) swimming over yellow coral. It is large and mostly a uniform green color, except for the front of its head, which is pink. It has a large, fleshy lump on the top of its head. End ID)
(Image: a close-up of a parrotfish's beak. The top and bottom beaks are divided into two halves, left and right. The beak is bade of small, circular teeth that overlap each other. End ID)
(Image: another common parrotfish seen from the front. It is inside of a mucus cocoon, which appears as a transparent bubble around the fish. Bits of sand dot the cocoon's surface. End ID)
Parrotfish live worldwide, though the majority of species are found in the Indo-Pacific. They live in warm, shallow waters with lots of rocky reefs, especially coral reefs. They use those powerful teeth to eat and what they eat most is algae. There are three main types of feeding behavior: excavating, scraping, and browsing. Excavators bite into rocks to get their food, scrapers crape food off of the surface of the rocks, and browsers go after larger food sources like seagrass and sponges. Some of the larger parrotfish species also make coral a large part of their diet. When they eat, they naturally get rock in their mouths, moreso in excavators. Because their food clings to the rock, spitting the rocks out would deny them food. Instead, parrotfish use pharyngeal teeth set in their throats to grind the rock into sand, which then passes through the digestive tract. When it exists the digestive tract, it is in the form of fine grains of rock. Or to put it another way, parrotfish eat rock and poop sand. A single parrotfish can produce up to 40 kg (88lbs) of sand yearly, and bigger species can produce even more than that. The process of rock being broken down by living things is called bioerosion and parrotfish are one of the most famous sources of bioerosion. The sand they produce can serve as the basis for new growth of coral or other species and helps reinforce nearby islands. In places like Hawai'i, the Caribbean, and the Maldives, it's estimated that up to 80% of the famous white sand is produced by parrotfish and they serve as a major source of incoming earth to support the islands. This makes parrotfish ecosystem engineers. Their eating of algae is also majorly important to their ecosystems. Algae can overgrow and smother delicate ecosystems like coral reefs and seagrass beds and decaying algae draws oxygen out of the water. Parrotfish help the health of their environments by keeping the algae population at healthy levels. Parrotfish also eat seaweeds and sponges that grow much faster than coral and can smother coral reefs. Parrotfish are considered keystone species in many reefs, including the great barrier reef and their population dropping correlates with reduced health of reefs. Damaged reefs tent to have larger parrotfish populations and those populations drop as the reef recovers.
(Image: a group of many parrotfish feeding on coral. They are all the same species and are mostly blue, with yellow heads and stripes on the face. They appear to be biting the the coral. End ID)
Parrotfish are protogynous sequential hermaprodites. This means that all parrotfish are born female and can become male later in life. The transition is usually triggered when there are too many females or not enough males in a location, though in some species any fish that reaches a certain size will become male. Some parrotfish are solitary while others are social. In social species, the social groups consist of a large male and a harem of females that he protects and claims mating rights with. Other males will attempt to fight the male for dominance via headbutting and threat displays and occasionally one of his harem members will become male to challenge him. Males are usually more colorful than females, which they use to woo females, but also puts them at greater risk of predation. If the harem leader dies and is not replaces, one member of the harem will transition to male and replace him. Many species perform courtship dances during nights of the full moon. In non-social species, males will perform displays and fight with each other to attract females. In social species, the dominant male will mate with his harem while smaller males without harems will try to sneakily woo claimed females or sneak in and mate without being noticed. Parrotfish are broadcast spawners. The female releases her eggs into the water and the males releases sperm to fertilize them. The eggs will drift on the current until settling, after which the larvae will hatch. As with most fish species, only a very few of the larvae will reach adulthood.
(Image: a Mediterranean parrotfish (Sparisoma cretense). It is mostly bright red, but with a yellow patch above the tail and a yellow stripe around the eye that runs down to the belly. A large patch behind the eye is blue. End ID)
Thankfully, most parrotfish species are not particularly endangered. The largest threat to them comes from habitat loss as pollution and climate change harms coral reefs. Reintroducing parrotfish to damaged reefs helps them recover. All species are edible, though there is no commercial fishery for them. While parrotfish are capable of delivering powerful bites, there are few reports of humans getting bit. That being said, I found one case where someone had skin on his penis bitten off by a parrotfish. And yes, that link has pictures. Enjoy.
(Image: a blue parrotfish (Scarus coeruleus) looking at the camera. It is a blue fish with darker patches around the eye. Its snout is bulbous and the beak points downward. End ID).
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town gossip
Wally Darling x Reader
Warnings: Frank getting sucked back into helping Wally with the obstacles of his relationship, haha!
although it is not necessary, I highly suggest reading my fics in their recommended order for the best experience! here is the link to all my silly lil wally fics in order. this is #9 :)
News spread quickly about you and Wally, but what actually are you?
“Would you mind throwing a Red Delicious in there too please, Howdy?”
You stood at the till of Howdy’s place, buying a snack for yourself, figuring grabbing one for Wally for the next time you see him would be a good idea.
“Ahh, a Red Delicious, hmm?” He hummed, a grin playing at his features as you plucked the best looking apple you could spot from the crate.
“Yes, please,” you nodded, a little wary by his tone, looking back at him after examining the apple. “And what do I owe you, kind sir?” You jested, eyeing him suspiciously as he leaned over the counter, two arms resting on it as a hand supported his chin while the other two crossed before his stomach.
“How about an answer to some… town gossip, I’ve picked up on?”
Ah.
You think you saw where this is going.
He seemed to know you understood by the rosiness of your cheeks.
“... News travels fast around here, huh?” you uttered sheepishly, toying with your fingers.
“It’s true then, isn’t it?” He cackled, “You and Wally finally got together?”
You opened your mouth to speak your defense, only to pause.
Wait a minute…
Together…
Were you two actually together yet?
Howdy quirked a brow at the sudden dumbfounded expression taking over your face.
“Why, you are together, aren’tcha?” He questioned, brows furrowing as your conflicted eyes met his.
Are you?
“... that’s actually a good question,”
“Oh?” He questioned. “Ohhh..?” his head slowly bobbed up and down as a nod, beginning to grasp slightly onto the situation. “But you are both aware of each other's feelings?”
“That, I will say, we are,” you agreed. “However, I sorta never thought about giving us a proper title…” You trailed on.
“Well, I’d suggest you get on it, then! Might as well get it said instead of stuck inside your head! Say, why not take some flowers for him, hmm?” His hands folded together, a smile on his features.
“Free, on the house!” He grabbed an arrangement of red, orange, and yellow tulips, thrusting them towards you. You nearly wheezed at the force, accepting them.
“Thank you for your business, neighbour,” He gave you a playful wink, “‘n go get ‘em, tiger!” he gave a thumbs up. Four, actually. Extra good luck!
“Thank you, Howdy,” you rolled your eyes with a laugh at his comment, heading out of the store with new questions on your mind.
How were you to go about this, now?
…
“So, little buddy,”
Barnaby and Wally strolled along, the big blue dog gazing down at his companion.
“Hmm?” Wally hummed, meeting his eyes.
“I’ve heard a little rumour about you,” Barnaby claimed, trying to gauge Wally’s reaction.
“Oh yeah?” Wally inquired curiously, “What would that be?”
“I heard that you and a certain someone have finally gotten together,”
Wally began to answer, but hesitated.
“‘Gotten together’...” Wally repeated, looking a little lost. Then, he paused, head tipping to the side.
“... Little buddy?” Barnaby stopped a few steps ahead, turning towards his friend.
“Are we together now?” Wally quizzed himself, tapping his chin in thought, Barnaby’s eyes widening in realization.
“Wait, aren’tcha?”
“... I think I’d better pay Frank and Eddie a visit,” Wally decided, offering an apologetic smile to his friend. “Sorry, Barnaby,” he spun on his heel, headed toward the couple’s shared home.
“... huh.”
…
“Just when I thought I was free of this stress,”
Frank rubbed at his forehead, Eddie chuckling behind him, patting his back.
“It’s no big deal this time,” Eddie said, “I’ve got this one under control. I already came up with an idea, actually! As long as you’re willing to spare some of the flowers from the garden,”
Wally watched the two, especially focussed on the way they interacted. The touch they shared. The same that he desired with you.
Eddie’s hand moved from Frank’s back, settling wrapped around his waist instead. Ooh, he could do that with you!
“What are you thinking?” Frank questioned, peeking at Eddie.
“Well, I reckon Wally should take ‘em on a picnic,” he said. “Take some flowers to their door and propose the idea,” he continued.
“‘Course, I’m fairly sure they’ll say yes. Treat ‘em to a nice meal out under a pretty tree, and bring it up by the end!” Eddie explained.
Frank tapped his chin in contemplation, nodding with a hum.
“I quite like that idea. Nice and casual, I don’t believe much could go wrong,” he agreed. “What do you think about that, Wally? Do you like that plan, or would you like to give something else an attempt?”
“I think I like the sounds of that,” Wally nodded slowly, contemplating. “Yes. I think that sounds nice,” he decided, more confident now.
He had this in the bag!
frank and eddie always to the rescue, it seems! I hope you enjoyed, haha!
here is a link to my silly lil wally fics in their recommended order if you would like :) these can also be found on my ao3 B) I also have a ko-fi if you'd like to support me!
likes and reblogs are always appreciated! also! check out this awesome art made for sleepy phone call! SO COOL! 'tis all, for now! I shall be back B) have a good day, and take care of yourself!
Posted Saturday, May 13, 2023, at 2:23 PM
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So it’s like a huge thing in Dredge that sometimes you pull up these lovecraftian type of mutant fish… like, they’re rarer and more valuable, albeit fucked up variants of the normal ones you catch. Kind of like shiny Pokémon if the shinies had many eyes where they shouldn’t or clumps of parasitic, Gigeresque cysts covering their malformed bodies.
Anyway the least disturbing and MOST funny one to me that I’ve encountered so far has to be this aberrant version of blackmouth salmon
Like, I’m sorry, devs?… that’s not some unholy divergence from the course of the natural order that’s just a normal ass chinook in the spawning season. No joke, they just casually rot alive exactly like that every single generation of fish.
Heads up: under this cut gets gross
Photos of real salmon during the spawn season that turn my stomach in a way this video game can only aspire to
In case you ever wondered, this is also the reason people don’t eat post-spawn adults.
Remember kids, as much as any of us try, it’s very hard to top the worldbuilding of the greatest horror author of all- Mother Nature.
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