People often say that LGBTQIA+ people doesn't exists in Muslim/Islamic World. Nowdays many muslims argued that LGBTQI+ rights are contrary to their traditional beliefs, homosexuality shouldn't be decriminalized in their native countries,because it goes against their moral values,cultural norms & social mores,[...].
But previous Islamic history & muslim traditions had wide range of acceptance of sexual & gender diversity.In those days Muslim communities weren't so bigotted, heterosexist,homophobic/transphobic, heteropatriarchal.Colonialism,communism,dictatorship,islamist regime justified the prejudices against queer folks in Muslim world, not Islam itself.
In 1854, Ottoman empire legalised consensual homosexuality in parts of Middle East,North Africa,Eastern Europe & West Asia.Notably Mughal,Mamluk,Khilji,Sayyid, Pathan,Lodi,Abbasid,Safavid,Qajar,Ottoman empire gave privileges to gender variants and eunuchs.Even it is also said that Aghawas (a designation for trans feminine, effeminate,agender/eunuch & intersex) were served as guardian of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)'s mosque & tomb.There had been numerous homoerotic paintings & same sex romantic poetries in medieval islamic era.In pre-modern muslim societies ghazals (sufi spiritual song) has direct references with queerness.In some sufi traditions cross-dressing, gender fluidity was considered as sacred.
Since 18th & 19th century almost all muslim countries were colonized or being influenced by European Orthodox Christians.Europeans pushed their moral codes,heteropatriarchal system & gender roles upon muslim communities.But western colonialism was unable to erase queerness & love from asia.In Pakistan,Bangladesh,India & some parts of Afghanistan, Hijras (designation term for trans feminine,trans woman,gender diverse,intersex) are still exists.Hijras has recognition of third gender in Pakistan,India & Bangladesh.They have some civil rights in those countries mentioned.But Transgender people's livelihood in Afghanistan is very worst.Some Afghan trans people's lifestyles are very similar to Hijra/Khawaja Sara subculture. In central-asian muslim cultures gender vice-versa or variance are not uncommon.Bacha bazi or Bacha-bozi is practice where adult men get sexual services from young crossdressers and effeminates.
Waria, another transgender muslim community can be found in Indonesia.Waria transgenders has very limited rights comparing to Hijras.In South Sulawesi, Indonesia Bugis (a muslim tribe) recognized 5 genders: Oroané(masculine men), makkunrai (feminine women), Calalai (trans-masculine or masculine women), Calabai (trans-feminine or feminine male), Bissu (androgynous or non-binary).The classification of the calabai,calalai, & bissu as third genders is disputed.These roles can also be seen as fundamental occupational and spiritual callings, which are not as directly involved in designations such as male and female.In pre-Islamic culture, Bissu were seen as intermediaries between the people and the gods.The Bissu are closely associated with the female yet androgynous moon goddess, as her spiritual offspring.Up until the 1940s, the Bissu were still central to keeping ancient palace rites alive, including coronations of kings & queens. Historically, Bissu have played an important role in other ceremonies as well,particularly in weddings and childbirth events.However today Bissu & Waria faces marginalization in their homeland due to rise of Political Islamism & Islamic Extremism .
Here is a list of Muslim/Islamic nations where homosexuality is not a criminal offense (technically):
Albania - Legal since Ottoman period.
Bosnia & Herzegovina - Legal since Ottoman period.
Kosovo - Legal since Ottoman period.
Azerbaijan - Legal since 1918 or 2000 (not sure).But state often arrests LGBTQ community members.
Northern Cyprus - Legal since Ottoman period,legal in modern northern cyprus since 2015.
Turkey - Legal since Ottoman period, legal in modern turkey since 1923.
Jordan - Legal since Ottoman period,legal in hashemite kingdom of jordan since 1951.
Bahrain - Legal since Ottoman period.
West Bank (Palestine) - Female homosexuality always been legal,male homosexuality is legal since 1951.
Gaza (Palestine) -Female homosexuality always been legal.
Lebanon - Legal since Ottoman period, legal in modern lebanon since 2018 (however the legal status of homosexuality is vogue)
Kazakhstan - Legal since 1997 (de facto),nationwide legal since 1998 (de jure).
Kyrgyzstan - Legal since 1998.
Egypt - Legal since Ottoman period.Although private consensual homosexuality is not criminalized by domestic laws.Commercial & adult consensual homosexuality is de-facto illegal since 1961.
Kuwait -Female homosexuality always been legal.
UAE - There's no explicit federal law against homosexuality.But commercial & non-commercial homosexuality is de-facto illegal.
Burkina Faso - always legal
Djibouti - always legal
Mali - legal since 1961
Mayotte - always legal
Niger - always legal
Guinea Bissau - legal since 1993.
Sierra Leone -Female homosexuality always been legal.
Uzbekistan - Female homosexuality always been legal in federal law.
Turkmenistan - Female homosexuality always been legal in federal law.
Tajikistan - legal since 1998.
Indonesia - Homosexuality never been a criminal offense until 2022.LGBTQI+ people often faced persecution by state & harassment.In 2022, Indonesian parliament passed a bill that outlaws all types of sexual relationships outside the traditional marriage.
Here is a list of Muslim/Islamic nations,where transgender & gender diverse people has rights:
Iran - Transgender individuals were officially recognized by the government, under condition of undergoing sex reassignment surgery, with some financial assistance being provided by the govt. for the costs of surgery, and with a change of sex marker on birth certificates available post-surgery since early 1980s. However, substantial legal and societal barriers still exist in Iran. Trans individuals who do not undergo surgery have no legal recognition and those that do are first submitted to a long and invasive process (including virginity tests, parental approval, psychological counseling that reinforces feelings of shame & inspection by the Family Court).
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Trans people may change their legal gender in Bosnia & Herzegovina after a sex reassignment surgery & other medical treatments.
Pakistan - Pakistan recognized Hijras as third gender in 2009. In 2018 Pakistan's parliament passed “The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act” which provides fundamental rights in health, education, government and security.
Lebanon - In late 1990s Lebanon allow sex reassignment surgery.In 2016 Lebanon court legally recognized a trans man as man.
Turkey - Transgender individuals were allowed to change their gender since 1988.However later Turkey adopted harsh policies for transgenders,required many pre–requisutes in order to be able to receive gender-affirming surgery. Transgender persons had to ask & be granted permission for the surgery,be at least 18 years of age,unmarried, & sterilized in order to receive gender-affirming surgery.
Jordan - Since 2014 jordan allow trans people to change their gender after a sex change operation.
Bahrain -Since 2008 Bahrain allow trans people to change their gender after a sex change operation.
Bangladesh - since 2013 Bangladesh recognized hijras & eunuchs as third gender.In 1975 Dr. Hosne Ara Begum became the first transsexual woman to be recognised as woman in Bangladesh.
Indonesia - Indonesia allows sex change operation for Warias & give limited rights for transgenders.
Kazakhstan - Since 2003, trans people allowed to change legal gender following sex change surgery,medical examinations, & sterilisation.
Kyrgyzstan -Transgender people allowed to change legal gender following sex reassigment surgery, medical treatments,sterilisation since 2014.
Tajikistan -Under Tajik law, trans people may change their legal gender on their passport if they provide a medical statement that they have undergone sex reassignment surgery. There has been 2 sex-change operations performed – the first one in 2001 and the second one in 2014.
UAE- allows intersex persons to undergoes a sex change surgery & change their gender.
Egypt - In 1988, a sunni Islamic Fatwa by Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy grants legal permission to perform gender affirming surgery.In Egypt, those who want to undergo the surgery must seek an approval from a gender reassignment review committee at the Medical Syndicate of Al-Azhar. But the committee has not convened since 2013, when Al-Azhar withdrew its member from the ccommission.
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so, I'm halfway through episode 2 of the latest season of sex education, which means a lot of things might still change. But I had to pause Netflix to come here and scream a little.
Because I just love, love love how they portrayed Eric's struggles with babtism and how he didn't actually struggle with God but with Church. Because, dude, I feel that. And also his conversation afterwards with Abbi made me feel really seen. Because I vibed so hard with Eric when he got excited about how queer the new school is - but I also very much resonated with "some people can be a bit weird about the whole religion thing". But it had nuance. His church is kinda homophobic but the pastor is nice and it's still Eric's community. I see that a lot in how a lot of queer Christians, especially Catholics, feel (because Catholics tend to be more conservative in Europe).
It also reminds me of that one scene in season three where Rahim said it's cute how they all take it so seriously and Eric was like: hold up, I also take it seriously. Like I'm gay but this is important to me, too, and it doesn't mean I don't believe in God.
Honestly, this level of nuance to this conversation is super rare and they did it so well, and I'm super excited to see how this goes.
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