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TWC 42: Fandom and Platforms [Special Issue]
Editorial
Maria K. Alberto, Effie Sapuridis, and Lesley Willard; Putting forward platforms in fan studies
Article
David Kocik, PS Berge, Camille Butera, Celeste Oon, and Michael Senters; "Imagine a place:" Power and intimacy in fandoms on Discord
Kimberly Kennedy; "It's not your tumblr": Commentary-style tagging practices in fandom communities
Axel-Nathaniel Rose; #web-weaving: Parallel posts, commonplace books, and networked technologies of the self on Tumblr
Sam Binnie; Using the Murdoch Mysteries fandom to examine the types of content fans share online
Gamze Kelle; How Covid-19 has affected fan-performer relationships within visual kei
Rhea Vichot; The expression of sehnsucht in the Japanese city pop revival fandom through visual media on Reddit and YouTube
Welmoed Fenna Wagenaar; Discord as a fandom platform: Locating a new playground
Sourojit Ghosh and Cecilia Aragon; Leveraging community support and platform affordances on a path to more active participation: A study of online fan fiction communities
Paul Ocone; Fandom and the ethics of world-making: Building spaces for belonging on BobaBoard
Amber Moore; Analyzing an archive of allyish distributed mentorship in "Speak" fan fiction comments and reviews
Jionghao Liu and Ling Yang; Censorship on Japanese anime imported into mainland China
Lin Zhang; Boys’ love in the Chinese platformization of cultural production
Matt Griffin and Greg Loring-Albright; Platforming the past: Nostalgia, video games, and A Hat in Time
Irissa Cisternino; Players, production and power: Labor and identity in live streaming video games
Symposium
Yvonne Gonzales and Celeste Oon; Public versus private aca-fan identities and platforms: An academic dialogue
Dawn Walls-Thumma; The fading of the elves: Techno-volunteerism and the disappearance of Tolkien fan fiction archives
Martyna Szczepaniak; The differences between author’s notes on FanFiction.net and AO3
Muxin Zhang; Fandom image-making and the fan gaze in transnational K-pop fan cam culture
Sabrina Mittermeier; "One day longer, one day stronger": Online platforms, fan support and the 2023 WGA and SAG-AFTRA strikes
Book review
Sebastian F. K. Svegaard reviews "Vidding: A history" by Francesca Coppa
Laurel P. Rogers reviews "Fandom, the next generation," edited by Bridget Kies and Megan Connor
Axel-Nathaniel Rose reviews "Mediatized fan play: Moods, modes and dark play in networked communities," by Line Nybro Petersen
Multimedia
Naomi Jacobs, Katherine Crighton, and Shivhan Szabo; Building the spear: A demonstration in faking and remaking real feelings for an imaginary work
Rachel Loewen; "Darkness never prevails": Doctor Who Covid-19 videos as keystones for pandemic engagement
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Fans of Color Research Prize
Transformative Works and Cultures is now seeking submissions for the 2024 Fans of Color Research Prize. The award recognizes the best peer-reviewed article about fans and/or fandoms of color published in TWC in the preceding 3 years (for 2024, no earlier than 2021) and furthers the journal’s goal to support scholars whose work fills critical gaps in fan studies literature about racially marginalized and/or non-western fans. The winner will receive a $500 cash prize.
Submission details:
The submission must be about fans of color. This designation includes both groups that are racially marginalized, such as Latine fans in the US, and fans in nonwestern international contexts, such as Chinese fans in China.
It must have been published no earlier than 2021.
Only one article per author will be considered. 
Authors may self-nominate, or articles may be nominated by someone else. Authors nominated by third parties will be asked whether they consent to participate.
Submissions must include the submitter’s name, article title, and DOI or link and are due to [email protected] no later than May 1, 2024 (Anywhere on Earth).
A prize committee composed of members of the TWC editorial board will evaluate submissions. 
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TWC 41: Chinese Fandoms [Special Issue]
Editorial
Zhen Troy Chen and Celia Lam, Special issue on Chinese fandoms: Prosumers, communities, and identities
Article
Yidong Wang and Yilan Wang, Dangai fandoms under crossfire: The making of queer love in a permeable and convergent media ecology
Kexin Sun, The politicization of Chinese celebrity fandoms: A case study of discursive practices in the 227 Movement
Agata Ewa Wrochna, Best TV show you have never seen: Maintaining collective identity among the Twitter fandom of Chinese dangai drama Immortality
Dania Shaikh, Reimagining queer Asias: Performativity, censorship and queer kinship in the fandoms of Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation and The Untamed
Tingting Hu, Chenchen Zou, Erika Ningxin Wang, A male idol becoming a girl? Nisu fans' sexual fantasy about male stars
Yijia Du, Doing feminism through Chinese online fiction fandom
Meihua Lu, From Cinderella to i-woman: Web novels, fandom, and feminist politics in China
Yuhang Sheng and Qing Xiao, "Play with me!" Zhan jie as productive fans in the Chinese idol industry
Leiyuan Tian and Fan Liang, Cultural porters and banyun in Chinese fandoms on Bilibili
Symposium
Qing Xiao, Yuhang Zheng, “Are we friends or opponents?” Chinese idol fans’ relationship changes from online to off-line
Zhuwen Zhang, Crossing swords and cutting sleeves: The cross-cultural impact of Chinese fandom fan fiction on Asian American youths
Roland Wang and Peilin Li, Warhammer fandom in China: A brief introduction
Dongni Huang, "Treat male idols as toys": A case study of Chinese self-centered shipper communities
Book review
Kelsey Morgan Entrikin, "Dubcon: Fanfiction, power, and sexual consent," by Milena Popova
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TWC Expanded Masthead [Press Release]
Transformative Works and Cultures is pleased to announce the expansion of its editorial masthead.
First, we welcome both Taylore Nicole Woodhouse and Tanya D. Zuk to the newly created role of Assistant Editors. Coeditor Mel Stanfill elaborates on this new addition: “Expanding the editorial structure to take on one or more Assistant Editors who are senior PhD students or early career scholars was one of the things that was part of our plan from when we applied to be editors, so I'm glad that after a year of getting our bearings we've been able to do that. Our overall purpose was to both strengthen fan studies as a field by helping cultivate more leaders who are ready to step in either in TWC or another journal, and to help boost some people who are early in their careers, and I hope that's what we're able to do.”
Taylore and Tanya are looking forward to shaping this role and making it their own. They’ve also prioritized specific goals which are in line with the journal’s current trajectory: “We hope to elevate historically marginalized voices in academia and fandom by providing support to the editors and the mission of the journal. Ideally we are looking to diversify the scholarly work, the fans we investigate, and the formats we present to readers.”
Second, Transformative Works and Cultures is also welcoming three new editors to the Symposium team: Jennifer Duggan, Adrienne Raw, and Khaliah Reed. The editorial team is excited about what an expanded team will mean for this section of TWC. When asked, the new Symposium coeditors shared their own goals: “We aim to increase the diversity of symposium authors, to offer opportunities for authors to provide translations of their articles so that symposia are accessible in multiple languages, and to diversify the media authors can use in the symposium section to allow both for a wider reflection of fans’ modes of communication and for broader interactivity with symposium files.”
We look forward to your continued readership and engagement with Transformative Works and Cultures.
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TWC 40: GENERAL ISSUE (2023)
Editorial
Mel Stanfill, Poe Johnson, Fan studies state of the field 2023
Article
Rachel Marks, Fan perspectives of queer representation in DC's Legends of Tomorrow on Tumblr and AO3
Joseph Packer, Ethan Stoneman, The White Knight: Batman as esoteric hero for the dissident right
Leandro Augusto Borges Lima, Bertalan Zoltán Varga, Motivations for nostalgia in the Nintendo fandom
Cody T. Havard, Carissa Baker, Daniel L. Wann, Frederick G. Grieve, Welcome to the magic: Exploring identification, behavior, socialization, and rivalry among fans of Disney’s theme parks
Kelsey Entrikin, Predatory seduction: Scenting as a catalyst for power hierarchy in omegaverse fan fiction
Symposium
O.C. Cuenca, Producers, prosumers, and the expansion of the Chinese IP engine
Noah Cohan, What blaseball fandom can teach us about baseball and fandom
Martine Mussies, Artificial intelligence and the production of fan art
Book review
Francesca Coppa, "Supersex: Sexuality, Fantasy, and the superhero," edited by Anna F. Peppard
Rusty Hatchell, "Social TV: Multi-screen content and ephemeral culture," by Cory Barker
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Ship Sunday: Kon-El/Tim Drake
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[ID: Artwork of Kon-El putting his hand on Tim Drake's shoulder, with both wearing focused, serious expressions. In the background are numerous comic panels of the two interacting. The two characters' names, 'Kon-El' and 'Tim Drake' appear in between them with an X behind them, with the words 'Ship Sunday' below. In the bottom left corner is the Fanlore logo with the words 'Comics Month'. /End ID]
This Ship Sunday we're spotlighting Kon-El/Tim Drake from DC Comics.
Tim Drake was the third Robin; Kon-El, also known as Conner Kent, was the original Superboy. Together they were founding members of Young Justice, and later members of the Teen Titans, and became good friends as a result. This ship has been attracting fans for over two decades. Fans love to create fanworks featuring fluff, High School AUs, and fics focusing on their first time together.
Are you a fan of this superpowered pair? Come check out their Fanlore page, and while you're there, maybe leave a few fanwork examples!
---
We value every contribution to our shared fandom history. If you’re new to editing Fanlore or wikis in general, visit our New Visitor Portal to get started or ask us questions here!
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Resignation of OTW Director
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Per this announcement, Board Director Heather McGuire has just stepped down from her role. The OTW wishes her good luck in her future endeavors. Read more at https://otw.news/63f09e
বাংলা • English • français • italiano • português brasileiro • português europeu • Română • Русский • Српски
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CFP: AI and Fandom
Unfortunately, this special issue will not be moving forward. All submitted pieces are being considered for our general issue. 
Due in part to well-publicised advancements in generative AI technologies such as GPT-4, there has been a recent explosion of interest in – and hype around – Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. Whether this hype cycle continues to grow or fades away, AI is anticipated to have significant repercussions for fandom (Lamerichs 2018), and is already inspiring polarised reactions. Fan artists have been candid about using creative AI tools like Midjourney and DALL-E to generate fan art, while fanfiction writers have been using ChatGPT to generate stories and share them online (there are 470 works citing the use of these tools on AO3 and 20 on FanFiction.net at the time of writing). It is likely the case that even greater numbers of fans are using such tools discreetly, to the consternation of those for whom this is a disruption of the norms and values of fan production and wider artistic creation (Cain 2023; shealwaysreads 2023). AI technology is being used to dub movies with matching visual mouth movements after filming has been completed (Contreras 2022), to analyse audience responses in real-time (Pringle 2017), to holographically revive deceased performers (Andrews 2022; Contreras 2023), to build chatbots where users can interact with a synthesised version of celebrities and fictional characters (Rosenberg 2023), to synthesise celebrities’ voices (Kang et al. 2022; Nyce 2023), and for translation services for transnational fandoms (Kim 2021).
Despite the multiple ways in which AI is being introduced for practical implementations, the term remains a contested one. Lindley et al (2020) consider “how AI simultaneously refers to the grand vision of creating a machine with human-level general intelligence as well as describing a range of real technologies which are in widespread use today” (2) and suggest that this so called ‘definitional dualism’ can obscure the ubiquity of current implementations while stoking concerns about far-future speculations based on media portrayals. AI is touted as being at least as world-changing as the mass adoption of the internet and, regardless of whether it proves to be such a paradigm shift, the strong emotions it generates make it a productive site of intervention into long-held debates about: relationships between technology and art, what it means to create, what it means to be human, and the legislative and ethical frameworks that seek to determine these relationships.
This special issue seeks to address the rapidly accelerating topic of Artificial Intelligence and machine learning (ML) systems (including, but not limited to Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Large Language Models (LLMs), Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and speech, image and audio recognition and generation), and their relationship to and implications for fans and fan studies. We are interested in how fans are using AI tools in novel ways as well as how fans feel about the use of these tools. From media production and marketing perspectives we are interested in how AI tools are being used to study fans, and to create new media artefacts that attract fan attention. The use of AI to generate transformative works challenges ideas around creativity, originality and authorship (Clarke 2022; Miller 2019; Ploin et al. 2022), debates that are prevalent in fan studies and beyond. AI-generated transformative works may present challenges to existing legal frameworks, such as copyright, as well as to ethical frameworks and fan gift economy norms. For example, OpenAI scraped large swathes of the internet to train its models – most likely including fan works (Leishman 2022). This is in addition to larger issues with AI, such as the potential discrimination and bias that can arise from the use of ‘normalised’ (exclusionary) training data (Noble 2018). We are also interested in fan engagement with fictional or speculative AI in literature, media and culture.
We welcome contributions from scholars who are familiar with AI technologies as well as from scholars who seek to understand its repercussions for fans, fan works, fan communities and fan studies. We anticipate submissions from those working in disparate disciplines as well as interdisciplinary research that operates across multiple fields.
The following are some suggested topics that submissions might consider:
The use of generative AI by fans to create new forms of transformative work (for example, replicating actors’ voices to ‘read’ podfic)
Fan responses to the development and use of AI including Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT (for example, concerns that AO3 may be part of the data scraped for training models)
Explorations of copyright, ownership and authorship in the age of AI-generated material and transformative works
Studies that examine fandoms centring on speculative AI and androids, (e.g. Her, Isaac Asimov, WestWorld, Star Trek)
Methods for fan studies research that use AI and ML
The use of AI in audience research and content development by media producers and studios
Lessons that scholars of AI and its development can learn from fan studies and vice versa
Ethics of AI in a fan context, for example deepfakes and the spread of misinformation 
Submission Guidelines
Transformative Works and Cultures (TWC, http://journal.transformativeworks.org/) is an international peer-reviewed online Gold Open Access publication of the nonprofit Organization for Transformative Works, copyrighted under a Creative Commons License. TWC aims to provide a publishing outlet that welcomes fan-related topics and promotes dialogue between academic and fan communities. TWC accommodates academic articles of varying scope as well as other forms, such as multimedia, that embrace the technical possibilities of the internet and test the limits of the genre of academic writing.
Submit final papers directly to Transformative Works and Cultures by January 1, 2024. 
Articles: Peer review. Maximum 8,000 words.
Symposium: Editorial review. Maximum 4,000 words.
Please visit TWC's website (https://journal.transformativeworks.org/) for complete submission guidelines, or email the TWC Editor ([email protected]).
Contact—Contact guest editors Suzanne Black and Naomi Jacobs with any questions before or after the due date at [email protected]
Due date—Jan 1, 2024, for March 2025 publication.
Works Cited
Andrews, Phoenix CS. 2022. ‘“Are Di Would of Loved It”: Reanimating Princess Diana through Dolls and AI’. Celebrity Studies 13 (4): 573–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2022.2135087.
Cain, Sian. 2023. ‘“This Song Sucks”: Nick Cave Responds to ChatGPT Song Written in Style of Nick Cave’. The Guardian, 17 January 2023, sec. Music. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/jan/17/this-song-sucks-nick-cave-responds-to-chatgpt-song-written-in-style-of-nick-cave.
Clarke, Laurie. 2022. ‘When AI Can Make Art – What Does It Mean for Creativity?’ The Observer, 12 November 2022, sec. Technology. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/nov/12/when-ai-can-make-art-what-does-it-mean-for-creativity-dall-e-midjourney.
Contreras, Brian. 2022. ‘A.I. Is Here, and It’s Making Movies. Is Hollywood Ready?’ Los Angeles Times, 19 December 2022, sec. Company Town. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2022-12-19/the-next-frontier-in-moviemaking-ai-edits.
———. 2023. ‘Is AI the Future of Hollywood? How the Hype Squares with Reality’. Los Angeles Times, 18 March 2023, sec. Company Town. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2023-03-18/is-a-i-the-future-of-hollywood-hype-vs-reality-sxsw-tye-sheridan.
Kang, Eun Jeong, Haesoo Kim, Hyunwoo Kim, and Juho Kim. 2022. ‘When AI Meets the K-Pop Culture: A Case Study of Fans’ Perception of AI Private Call’. In . https://ai-cultures.github.io/papers/when_ai_meets_the_k_pop_cultur.pdf.
Kim, Judy Yae Young. 2021. ‘AI Translators and the International K-Pop Fandom on Twitter’. SLC Undergraduate Writing Contest 5. https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/slc-uwc/article/view/3823.
Lamerichs, Nicolle. 2018. ‘The next Wave in Participatory Culture: Mixing Human and Nonhuman Entities in Creative Practices and Fandom’. Transformative Works and Cultures 28. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2018.1501.
Leishman, Rachel. 2022. ‘Fanfiction Writers Scramble To Set Profiles to Private as Evidence Grows That AI Writing Is Using Their Stories’. The Mary Sue, 12 December 2022. https://www.themarysue.com/fanfiction-writers-scramble-to-set-profiles-to-private-as-evidence-grows-that-ai-writing-is-using-their-stories/.
Lindley, Joseph, Haider. Akmal, Franziska Pilling, and Paul Coulton. 2020. ‘Researching AI legibility through design’. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-13). https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376792 
Miller, Arthur I. 2019. The Artist in the Machine: The World of AI-Powered Creativity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Noble, Safiya Umoja. (2018) Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. New York, USA: New York University Press.
Nyce, Caroline Mimbs. 2023. ‘The Real Taylor Swift Would Never’. The Atlantic, 31 March 2023. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/03/ai-taylor-swift-fan-generated-deepfakes-misinformation/673596/.
Ploin, Anne, Rebecca Eynon, Isis Hjorth, and Michael Osborne. 2022. ‘AI and the Arts: How Machine Learning Is Changing Artistic Work’. Report from the Creative Algorithmic Intelligence Research Project. University of Oxford, UK: Oxford Internet Institute. https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/news-events/reports/ai-the-arts/.
Pringle, Ramona. 2017. ‘Watching You, Watching It: Disney Turns to AI to Track Filmgoers’ True Feelings about Its Films’. CBC, 4 August 2017. https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/disney-ai-real-time-tracking-fvae-1.4233063.
Rosenberg, Allegra. 2023. ‘Custom AI Chatbots Are Quietly Becoming the next Big Thing in Fandom’. The Verge, 13 March 2023. https://www.theverge.com/23627402/character-ai-fandom-chat-bots-fanfiction-role-playing.
shealwaysreads. 2023. “Fascinating to see…” Tumblr, March 28, 2023, 11:53. https://www.tumblr.com/shealwaysreads/713032516941021184/fascinating-to-see-a-take-on-a-post-about-thehttps://www.tumblr.com/androidsfighting/713056705673592832?source=share
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The Archive of Our Own Reaches 11 Million Fanworks!
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The OTW is pleased to announce that the 11 millionth fanwork has been posted to the Archive of Our Own. From fic to fanart to podfic, every fanwork on AO3 is the result of someone’s love for and dedication to transformative fandom, and we’re grateful for each and every one of your contributions. AO3 wouldn’t be what it is without you!
We’ve hit 11 million fanworks just six months after reaching 10 million fanworks last October. In those six months, Accessibility, Design & Technology has rolled out the ability to mute works, bookmarks, and comments from specific users; Open Doors has imported over 16,000 fanworks from at-risk and offline archives; Tag Wrangling has wrangled over two million tags; and Policy & Abuse and Support have answered approximately 10,000 tickets each. We’re excited to continue to grow and support fans in the coming months, and we look forward to seeing what you create as we do!
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2023 OTW Election Timeline & Membership Deadline
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The OTW Elections committee is pleased to announce the timeline for the 2023 election for new members of the Board of Directors. This year’s election will be held August 11-14. For information about the election schedule and voter eligibility, read more at https://otw.news/10817a
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Five Things Jennifer Duggan Said
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In Five Things Jennifer Duggan discusses being a copyeditor for TWC and guest editing its March 2023 issue on trans fandom. Read more at https://otw.news/a41928
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TWC 39: TRANS FANDOM [SPECIAL ISSUE]
Editorial
Jennifer Duggan, Angie Fazekas, Trans fandom
Article
Jennifer Duggan, Trans fans and fan fiction: A literature review
Xavia Andromeda Publius, Turing tests, catfishing, and other technologies of transgender rage
Peizhen Wu, Teaching trans studies through fan fiction in college English classrooms
Ari Page, How Teen Wolf’s transmasculine fans use online fandom to build community and representation
Jon Heggestad, Pregnant Teen Wolf: The border wars of mpreg fics
Damien Hagen, Regeneration and trans possibility in Doctor Who
Symposium
Yves Herak, "edmund is trans he told me himself": Recognition in transgender Shakespeare fan fiction
Ben Cromwell, Perverse polyjuice: Trans Harry Potter spitefic as a response to J. K. Rowling’s TERF wars
Casey Friedmann Kelley, "How could you think we'd care about what that—woman—wrote about you?": Harry Potter fans' reaction to J. K. Rowling's transphobic tweets
Book review
yerf yerfyerf, "Fan identities in the furry fandom," by Jessica Ruth Austin
Maria K. Alberto, "Representing kink: Fringe sexuality and textuality in literature, digital narrative, and popular culture," edited by Sara K. Howe and Susan E. Cook
Melissa A. Click, "Dislike-Minded: Media, audiences, and the dynamics of taste," by Jonathan Gray
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DEADLINE EXTENDED TO JULY 1!
CFP: Centering Blackness in Fan Studies **DEADLINE EXTENDED**
This special issue centers Blackness in fandom studies. Fandom studies has gestured toward race generally, and Blackness in particular, from its alleged white center while always keeping race at its margin. It has largely co-opted the language of race, difference, and diversity from the margins and recentered it around white geeks and white women. Indeed, fandom studies has done lots of things—except deal with its race problem. But as Toni Morrison (1975) asserts, that is the work of racism: it keeps those at the margins busy, trying to prove that they deserve a seat at the center table. In this way, those considered marginal expend energy trying to be granted access to the center while citing, reifying, and expanding the supposed universality of the center that fails to engage the margin because it is too particular. If, as the title of Audre Lorde’s famous 1984 essay reminds us, “The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House,”  then it is time to willfully ignore white fandoms, just as Black fandoms have been willfully ignored.
For this special issue, we seek to privilege and celebrate Blackness, not as a comparative but as enough on its own. We want essays that build on the relatively small but groundbreaking scholarly work that centers Black fandoms, including work on young Black male (Brown 2000) and female (Whaley 2015) comic readers; Black gay sitcom fans (Martin 2021a); Black fan “defense squads” that protect fictional characters’ Blackness (Warner 2018); Black fan labor (Warner 2015); Black antifandom (Martin 2019b); Black fans’ enclaving practices (Florini 2019b); Black female music fans (Edgar and Toone 2019); and Black acafans (Wanzo 2015). It also engages and with and builds on our Black feminist foremothers, including bell hooks (1992), Jacqueline Bobo (1995), and Robin Means Coleman (1998), who showed us ways to think about how Black audiences engage with media. This corpus of work on Black audiences and fandoms provides a base for further theorization about the experiences and meanings of Black fandom. We encourage work that engages, nuances, and challenges this foundational work, leading to novel reconsiderations of how fan studies defines and understands Black fandoms.
We invite submissions that contribute to a conversation that centers Black audiences, fans, antifans, and global Blackness itself. We are not interested in comparative studies of Black fandom practices, because Blackness is enough. This issue seeks to center Blackness and (anti)fandom in all of its permutations. We hope the following suggested topics will inspire wide-ranging responses.
Black folks and “doing” fandom.
Black fans and deployment of (anti)fandom.
Black fan practices imbricated in a politics of representation.
Affective Black fandoms.
The politics of Black (anti)fandoms.
Interactions between Black fans and media producers.
Audience/fan response to Black-cast remakes and recasting non-Black-cast texts with Black actors.
Black fandoms of non-Black-cast media.
Blackness and enclaving.
Black music fandom.
Black sports fandom.
Black fandom and labor.
Black fandom and affect.
Black antifandom and hate.
Global Black fandoms.
Black fandom and contemporary or historical politics.
Mediated constructions of Blackness.
Black fandoms and celebrities/parasocial relationships.
Black queer fandom.
Disabled Black fandom.
Case studies of specific texts related to Black fandom.
Historical and archival accounts of Black fandom.
Submission Guidelines
Transformative Works and Cultures (TWC, http://journal.transformativeworks.org/) is an international peer-reviewed online Gold Open Access publication of the nonprofit Organization for Transformative Works, copyrighted under a Creative Commons License. TWC aims to provide a publishing outlet that welcomes fan-related topics and promotes dialogue between academic and fan communities. TWC accommodates academic articles of varying scope as well as other forms, such as multimedia, that embrace the technical possibilities of the internet and test the limits of the genre of academic writing.
Submit final papers directly to Transformative Works and Cultures by January 1, 2023.  JULY 1, 2023
Articles: Peer review. Maximum 8,000 words.
Symposium: Editorial review. Maximum 4,000 words.
Please visit TWC's website (https://journal.transformativeworks.org/) for complete submission guidelines, or email the TWC Editor ([email protected]).
Contact—Contact guest editors Alfred L. Martin Jr. and Matt Griffin with any questions before or after the due date at [email protected]
Due date—July 1, 2023, for 2024 publication.
Works Cited
Bobo, Jacqueline. 1995. Black Women as Cultural Readers. New York: Columbia University Press.
Brown, Jeffrey A. 2001. Black Superheroes, Milestone Comics, and Their Fans. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
Click, Melissa A., and Sarah Smith-Frigerio. 2019. “One Tough Cookie: Exploring Black Women’s Responses to Empire’s Cookie Lyon.” Communication Culture and Critique 12 (2): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcz007.
Coleman, Robin R. Means. 1998. African American Viewers and the Black Situation Comedy: Situating Racial Humor. New York: Routledge.
Early, Gerald. 1988. “The Black Intellectual and the Sport of Prizefighting.” Kenyon Review 10 (3): 102–17.
Edgar, Amanda Nell, and Ashton Toone. 2019. “‘She Invited Other People to That Space’: Audience Habitus, Place, and Social Justice in Beyoncé’s Lemonade.” Feminist Media Studies 19 (1): 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2017.1377276.
Everett, Anna. 2001. Returning the Gaze: A Genealogy of Black Film Criticism, 1909–1949. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Florini, Sarah. 2019a. Beyond Hashtags: Racial Politics and Black Digital Networks. New York: NYU Press.
Florini, Sarah. 2019b. “Enclaving and Cultural Resonance in Black Game of Thrones Fandom.” In “Fans of Color, Fandoms of Color,” edited by Abigail De Kosnik and andré carrington, special issue, Transformative Works and Cultures, no. 29. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2019.1498.
hooks, bell. 1992. Black Looks: Race and Representation. Boston: South End Press.
Martin, Alfred L., Jr. 2021a. The Generic Closet: Black Gayness and the Black-Cast Sitcom. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Martin, Alfred L., Jr. 2021b. “Blackbusting Hollywood: Racialized Media Reception, Failure, and The Wiz as Black Blockbuster.” JCMS: Journal of Cinema and Media Studies 60 (2): 56–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cj.2021.0003.
Martin, Alfred L., Jr. 2019a. “Fandom while Black: Misty Copeland, Black Panther, Tyler Perry, and the Contours of US Black Fandoms.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 22 (6): 737–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877919854155.
Martin, Alfred L., Jr. 2019b. “Why All the Hate? Four Black Women’s Anti-fandom and Tyler Perry.” In Anti-fandom: Dislike and Hate in the Digital Age, edited by Melissa A. Click, 166–83. New York: NYU Press.
Morrison, Toni. 1975. “A Humanist View, Part 2.” Presented at Black Studies Center public dialogue, Portland State University, May 30, 1975. Transcription available at: https://www.mackenzian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Transcript_PortlandState_TMorrison.pdf.
Rose, Tricia. 1994. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press.
Shankman, Arnold. 1978. “Black Pride and Protest: The Amos 'n' Andy Crusade.” Journal of Popular Culture 12 (2): 236–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1979.1202_236.x.
Stewart, Jacqueline Najuma. 2005. Migrating to the Movies: Cinema and Black Urban Modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Tracy, James F. 2001. “Revisiting a Polysemic Text: The African American Press's Reception to Gone with the Wind.” Mass Communication and Society 4 (4): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0404_6.
Wanzo, Rebecca. 2015. “African American Acafandom and Other Strangers: New Genealogies of Fan Studies.” Transformative Works and Cultures, no. 20. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2015.0699.
Warner, Kristen. 2018. “(Black Female) Fans Strike Back: The Emergence of the Iris West Defense Squad.” In Routledge Companion to Media Fandom, edited by Melissa A. Click and Suzanne Scott, 253–61. New York: Routledge.
Warner, Kristen J. 2015. “ABC’s Scandal and Black Women’s Fandom.” In Cupcakes, Pinterest, and Ladyporn: Feminized Popular Culture in the Early Twenty-First Century, edited by Elana Levine. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
Whaley, Deborah Elizabeth. 2015. Black Women in Sequence: Re-inking Comics, Graphic Novels, and Anime. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
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TWC 38: GENERAL ISSUE
Editorial
Mel Stanfill, Poe Johnson, Dispatches from transition
Theory
Emily Coccia, Femslash fan fiction’s expansive erotic imaginary
Jessica Hautsch, Pic sets, fan cognition, and fannish networks of meaning
Article
Neta Yodovich, “What did they smell like?”: Fans creating intimacy through smell and odor
Becky Pham, Public reception of young K-pop fans in Vietnam, 2011–19
Praxis
Margaret Rossman, Taylor Swift, remediating the self, and nostalgic girlhood in tween music fandom
Jamie Uy, Green milk: The environmental eatymologies of Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge
Michael D. High, Cultural mediaries on AniTube: Between fans and social media entertainers
Dean Leetal, Revisiting gender theory in fan fiction: Bringing nonbinary genders into the world
The Year Without a Comic-Con
Benjamin Woo, Emma Francis, Kalervo Sinervo, Framing the Covid-19 pandemic's impacts on fan conventions
Erin Hanna, The limits of Comic-Con’s exclusivity
Melanie E. S. Kohnen, The experience economy during Covid-19: Virtual activations at Comic-Con@Home
Symposium
Carissa Baker, Roller Coaster Dream: A Chinese roller coaster enthusiast community
Maria Alberto, Billy Tringali, Working with fannish intermediaries
Anthony Twarog, Creative versus technical work in virtual series
Ting Huang, BuBu fandom and authentic online spaces for Chinese fangirls
Book review
Ye Li, "Fandom, now in color: A collection of voices," edited by Rukmini Pande
Amanda Lynn Lawson Cullen, "Gaming sexism: Gender and identity in the era of casual video games," by Amanda C. Cote
Lauren Watson, "Fanvids: Television, women, and home media re-use," by E. Charlotte Stevens
Laurel P. Rogers, "A portrait of the auteur as fanboy: The construction of authorship in transmedia franchises," by Anastasia Salter and Mel Stanfill
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CFP: Centering Blackness in Fan Studies **DEADLINE EXTENDED**
This special issue centers Blackness in fandom studies. Fandom studies has gestured toward race generally, and Blackness in particular, from its alleged white center while always keeping race at its margin. It has largely co-opted the language of race, difference, and diversity from the margins and recentered it around white geeks and white women. Indeed, fandom studies has done lots of things—except deal with its race problem. But as Toni Morrison (1975) asserts, that is the work of racism: it keeps those at the margins busy, trying to prove that they deserve a seat at the center table. In this way, those considered marginal expend energy trying to be granted access to the center while citing, reifying, and expanding the supposed universality of the center that fails to engage the margin because it is too particular. If, as the title of Audre Lorde’s famous 1984 essay reminds us, “The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House,”  then it is time to willfully ignore white fandoms, just as Black fandoms have been willfully ignored.
For this special issue, we seek to privilege and celebrate Blackness, not as a comparative but as enough on its own. We want essays that build on the relatively small but groundbreaking scholarly work that centers Black fandoms, including work on young Black male (Brown 2000) and female (Whaley 2015) comic readers; Black gay sitcom fans (Martin 2021a); Black fan “defense squads” that protect fictional characters’ Blackness (Warner 2018); Black fan labor (Warner 2015); Black antifandom (Martin 2019b); Black fans’ enclaving practices (Florini 2019b); Black female music fans (Edgar and Toone 2019); and Black acafans (Wanzo 2015). It also engages and with and builds on our Black feminist foremothers, including bell hooks (1992), Jacqueline Bobo (1995), and Robin Means Coleman (1998), who showed us ways to think about how Black audiences engage with media. This corpus of work on Black audiences and fandoms provides a base for further theorization about the experiences and meanings of Black fandom. We encourage work that engages, nuances, and challenges this foundational work, leading to novel reconsiderations of how fan studies defines and understands Black fandoms.
We invite submissions that contribute to a conversation that centers Black audiences, fans, antifans, and global Blackness itself. We are not interested in comparative studies of Black fandom practices, because Blackness is enough. This issue seeks to center Blackness and (anti)fandom in all of its permutations. We hope the following suggested topics will inspire wide-ranging responses.
Black folks and “doing” fandom.
Black fans and deployment of (anti)fandom.
Black fan practices imbricated in a politics of representation.
Affective Black fandoms.
The politics of Black (anti)fandoms.
Interactions between Black fans and media producers.
Audience/fan response to Black-cast remakes and recasting non-Black-cast texts with Black actors.
Black fandoms of non-Black-cast media.
Blackness and enclaving.
Black music fandom.
Black sports fandom.
Black fandom and labor.
Black fandom and affect.
Black antifandom and hate.
Global Black fandoms.
Black fandom and contemporary or historical politics.
Mediated constructions of Blackness.
Black fandoms and celebrities/parasocial relationships.
Black queer fandom.
Disabled Black fandom.
Case studies of specific texts related to Black fandom.
Historical and archival accounts of Black fandom.
Submission Guidelines
Transformative Works and Cultures (TWC, http://journal.transformativeworks.org/) is an international peer-reviewed online Gold Open Access publication of the nonprofit Organization for Transformative Works, copyrighted under a Creative Commons License. TWC aims to provide a publishing outlet that welcomes fan-related topics and promotes dialogue between academic and fan communities. TWC accommodates academic articles of varying scope as well as other forms, such as multimedia, that embrace the technical possibilities of the internet and test the limits of the genre of academic writing.
Submit final papers directly to Transformative Works and Cultures by January 1, 2023.  JULY 1, 2023
Articles: Peer review. Maximum 8,000 words.
Symposium: Editorial review. Maximum 4,000 words.
Please visit TWC's website (https://journal.transformativeworks.org/) for complete submission guidelines, or email the TWC Editor ([email protected]).
Contact—Contact guest editors Alfred L. Martin Jr. and Matt Griffin with any questions before or after the due date at [email protected]
Due date—July 1, 2023, for 2024 publication.
Works Cited
Bobo, Jacqueline. 1995. Black Women as Cultural Readers. New York: Columbia University Press.
Brown, Jeffrey A. 2001. Black Superheroes, Milestone Comics, and Their Fans. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
Click, Melissa A., and Sarah Smith-Frigerio. 2019. “One Tough Cookie: Exploring Black Women’s Responses to Empire’s Cookie Lyon.” Communication Culture and Critique 12 (2): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcz007.
Coleman, Robin R. Means. 1998. African American Viewers and the Black Situation Comedy: Situating Racial Humor. New York: Routledge.
Early, Gerald. 1988. “The Black Intellectual and the Sport of Prizefighting.” Kenyon Review 10 (3): 102–17.
Edgar, Amanda Nell, and Ashton Toone. 2019. “‘She Invited Other People to That Space’: Audience Habitus, Place, and Social Justice in Beyoncé’s Lemonade.” Feminist Media Studies 19 (1): 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2017.1377276.
Everett, Anna. 2001. Returning the Gaze: A Genealogy of Black Film Criticism, 1909–1949. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Florini, Sarah. 2019a. Beyond Hashtags: Racial Politics and Black Digital Networks. New York: NYU Press.
Florini, Sarah. 2019b. “Enclaving and Cultural Resonance in Black Game of Thrones Fandom.” In “Fans of Color, Fandoms of Color,” edited by Abigail De Kosnik and andré carrington, special issue, Transformative Works and Cultures, no. 29. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2019.1498.
hooks, bell. 1992. Black Looks: Race and Representation. Boston: South End Press.
Martin, Alfred L., Jr. 2021a. The Generic Closet: Black Gayness and the Black-Cast Sitcom. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Martin, Alfred L., Jr. 2021b. “Blackbusting Hollywood: Racialized Media Reception, Failure, and The Wiz as Black Blockbuster.” JCMS: Journal of Cinema and Media Studies 60 (2): 56–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cj.2021.0003.
Martin, Alfred L., Jr. 2019a. “Fandom while Black: Misty Copeland, Black Panther, Tyler Perry, and the Contours of US Black Fandoms.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 22 (6): 737–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877919854155.
Martin, Alfred L., Jr. 2019b. “Why All the Hate? Four Black Women’s Anti-fandom and Tyler Perry.” In Anti-fandom: Dislike and Hate in the Digital Age, edited by Melissa A. Click, 166–83. New York: NYU Press.
Morrison, Toni. 1975. “A Humanist View, Part 2.” Presented at Black Studies Center public dialogue, Portland State University, May 30, 1975. Transcription available at: https://www.mackenzian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Transcript_PortlandState_TMorrison.pdf.
Rose, Tricia. 1994. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press.
Shankman, Arnold. 1978. “Black Pride and Protest: The Amos 'n' Andy Crusade.” Journal of Popular Culture 12 (2): 236–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1979.1202_236.x.
Stewart, Jacqueline Najuma. 2005. Migrating to the Movies: Cinema and Black Urban Modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Tracy, James F. 2001. “Revisiting a Polysemic Text: The African American Press's Reception to Gone with the Wind.” Mass Communication and Society 4 (4): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0404_6.
Wanzo, Rebecca. 2015. “African American Acafandom and Other Strangers: New Genealogies of Fan Studies.” Transformative Works and Cultures, no. 20. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2015.0699.
Warner, Kristen. 2018. “(Black Female) Fans Strike Back: The Emergence of the Iris West Defense Squad.” In Routledge Companion to Media Fandom, edited by Melissa A. Click and Suzanne Scott, 253–61. New York: Routledge.
Warner, Kristen J. 2015. “ABC’s Scandal and Black Women’s Fandom.” In Cupcakes, Pinterest, and Ladyporn: Feminized Popular Culture in the Early Twenty-First Century, edited by Elana Levine. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
Whaley, Deborah Elizabeth. 2015. Black Women in Sequence: Re-inking Comics, Graphic Novels, and Anime. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
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TWC 37: FANDOM HISTORIES [SPECIAL ISSUE]
Editorial
Fandom Histories
Theory
E. Charlotte Stevens and Nick Webber, The fan-historian
Edmond Ernest dit Alban, I also eat the straights
Taylore Nicole Woodhouse, Digital archives, fandom histories, and the reproduction of the hegemony of play
Chris Comerford and Natalie Krikowa, Archive-lensing of fan franchise histories
Praxis
Lauren Chalk, Representing reggaeton through fans' online community archives
Katriina Heljakka, Fans, play knowledge, and playful history management
Ellie Jane Turker-Kilburn, Reimagining queer female histories through fandom
Kimberly Kennedy, Fan binding as a method of preserving fan fiction
Shire Belen Buchsbaum, Binding fan fiction and reexamining book production models
Kameron Dunn, Furry fandom, aesthetics, and the potential in new objects of fannish interest
Symposium
Emily Coccia, Femslash fandom and the cultivation of white queer genealogies
Qiuyan Guo, Historical poaching within celebrity fandom practices
Kyle Meikle, Time for the theme park ride-through video
Andre Magpantay, Fandom.com and fan-made histories
Tosha R. Taylor, Historicizing the fan archive of Talia al Ghul
TWC Editors, What is an anti? Exploring a key term and contemporary debates
FanLIS
Ludi Price, Lyn Robinson, Building bridges: Papers from the FanLIS 2021 symposium
Paul Thomas, How Adventure Time fans understand the 'true' producer: A close analysis of two encyclopedic fan texts
J. Nicole Miller, Information-seeking behaviors of young adult readers of fiction and fan fiction
Argyrios Emmanouloudis, Twitch (still) plays Pokémon: When spectators become archivists
Eleonora Benecchi, Colin Porlezza, Laura Pranteddu, Filling the gap: An exploration into the theories and methods used in fan studies Eleonora Benecchi, Colin Porlezza, Laura Pranteddu
Nele Noppe, Ludi Price, Kimberley Chiu, J. Nicole Miller, Erika Ningxin Wang, Serena M. Vaswani, Sarah Kate Merry, D. E. Pollock, Suzanne R. Black, Rhiannon Hartwell, Naomi Jacobs, Paul Anthony Thomas, Argyrios Emmanouloudis, Erica Hellman, Amy Spitz, What if academic publishing worked like fan publishing? Imagining the Fantasy Research Archive of Our Own
Book review
Suzanne R. Black, "The republic of games: Textual culture between old books and new media," by Elyse Graham
Judith May Fathallah, "Loving fanfiction: Exploring the role of emotion in online fandoms," by Brit Kelley
John Francis, "Manga cultures and the female gaze," by Kathryn Hemmann
Kristine Michelle Santos, "Otaku and the struggle for imagination in Japan," by Patrick W. Galbraith
Ross Hagen, "Emo: How fans defined a subculture," by Judith May Fathallah
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CFP: Fandoms and Platforms
Fandom today is often entangled with digital platforms, which offer spaces and features that make some aspects of fan culture more widely accessible amid increasingly globalized communities and models of consumption. Fans are perceived to be early adopters of new technologies, particularly those that provide space for gathering and community building. Likewise, many types of fan works, fan labor, and fandom participation depend on certain platforms for hosting, sharing, distributing, and discussing such content. However, fans also have complicated relationships with platforms, whether because their needs and uses are in conflict with other stakeholders or because platforms can generate and challenge notions of access, accountability, and community.
This special issue seeks to explore how, in the broadest sense, fans and fandom communities engage with platforms. We are particularly interested in essays that complicate a “black box” view of platforms or that engage critically with what platforms make possible for their users, as well as how and/or why. Ideally, such contributions will further understanding of how interactions among fans, fandoms, texts, and fan works are coconstitutive of the spaces in which they operate. We encourage contributions from fans as well as from fan studies scholars; we are particularly interested in works that cover or draw from global contexts.
Topics may include:
Connections between fans/fandoms and the platforms they utilize.
Fan/fandom migrations, practices, and communities enabled by platforms.
Platform policies, governance, affordances, and/or architectures as experienced by fans.
Platforms and questions of access (TOS, content moderation, etc.).
Networked harassment and other negative practices enacted on and/or enabled by platforms.
Genealogies and histories of fan communities and fan works shaped by specific platforms.
Platforms and fandoms less frequently addressed in fan studies.
Nondigital platforms, including relationships between digital and nondigital spaces.
Submission Guidelines
Transformative Works and Cultures (TWC, http://journal.transformativeworks.org/) is an international, peer-reviewed, online Gold Open Access publication of the nonprofit Organization for Transformative Works, copyrighted under a Creative Commons License. TWC aims to provide a publishing outlet that welcomes fan-related topics and to promote dialogue between the academic community and the fan community. TWC accommodates academic articles of varying scope as well as other forms that embrace the technical possibilities of the Web and test the limits of the genre of academic writing.
Submit final papers directly to Transformative Works and Cultures by January 1, 2023.  Articles: Peer review. 6,000–8,000 words. Symposium: Editorial review. Under 4,000 words.
Please visit TWC's Web site (http://journal.transformativeworks.org/) for complete submission guidelines, or e-mail the TWC Editor ([email protected]).
Contact—Contact guest editors Maria Alberto, Effie Sapuridis, and Lesley Willard with any questions before or after the due date at [email protected].
Due date— January 1, 2023, for March 2024 publication.
84 notes · View notes