tumblr tuesday: the many benefits
@aquariumpacific and @oregonzoo joined us last week! Welcome! To celebrate, here are some blogs you might enjoy if you like sea (and sea-adjacent) creatures.
@marinememes:
@sarahmackattack is on a mission to get everyone to know exactly how cool squid are:
@montereybayaquarium is known for its jelly cams, but have you checked out the other live feeds? Currently: nesting African penguins!
@noaasanctuaries shares wonders from the national marine sanctuaries in the US:
And finally, as mentioned, @aquariumpacific are new here. They want you to meet this leopard shark. His name is Sam.
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Algae and Forensics
If you watch a lot of crime shows, you may have seen algae being used to help solve a crime. In Dexter, the algae on the victims was used to determine the port they came from, which led them to Dexter. Or Hannibal, where the algae led the FBI to Miriam Lass. A lot of crime shows play forensics up, but algae actually can be an important tool for helping solve a crime.
The presence of algae, or lack thereof, can tell us several things. Is there algae present in the closed organs of the decedent? If so, that tells you they were drowned or whether or not they were taken to a second location. What kind of algae? This can help us determine fairly accurately where the victim was drowned. This doesn't include bathwater or water with too few diatoms, such as ice water.
But how? Let's look into that.
First off, I will be using the term "Diatoms." If you are unaware, diatoms are a type of photosynthesising algae, so I will be using the terms interchangeably.
There are over 15,000 species of algae living in brackish, fresh water, and sea water. Ponds, lakes, rivers, oceans, and coastal areas all have different diatom communities, and using that we can identify where the victim might have been killed.
When you drown, liquid is aspirated into the lungs and enters the bloodstream through alveoli. This lets particles such as sediments, microorganisms, or pollen to be carried to organs and deposited in capillaries. This means that diatoms can be found in the organs of a drown victim.
So, if diatoms are found in distant organs or closed systems and are of a great abundance, the cause of death is most likely due to ante-mortem drowning. This lets us know that the victim was drowned and was not just dumped posthumously.
Thanks to diatoms acid resistant sillica shell, they can easily be separated from tissue using acid-digestive extractions, and they are detectable in burned or putrified corpses. This means that drowning as a cause of death could be determined in a burnt victim that was taken to a second location.
Algae is also being researched for its use as a time of death indicator. A study was conducted by forensic scientists, who found the diversity of algae on piglet bodies in water tended to decrease over time with a peak in diatoms recorded after 1-8 days of decomposition. This kind of work remains largely experimental, but it has the potential to be used for establishing a timeline since death (or submersion) in water.
Algae can be useful for linking criminals to their crime scenes, as diatoms can transfer onto clothing or footwear. Comparing microflora with the diatoms found could also give you a general area or type of water they were drowned in, as a swamp would have different algae than say, the ocean.
This evidence isn't damning in and of itself, but all evidence at a crime scene is valuable for solving the crime, and as such, algae can be an important part of forensics.
Thanks for reading! Have a good day and a cup of tea :)
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being a biologist by trade and also being autistic really warps my perception of what acceptable/normal behaviour is, and that’s totally fine most of the time because i study biology and i work as a biologist, but sometimes i’ll be walking through the science building carrying a dead bird (another victim of the windows, get bird safe windows please!!) to put it in the mailbox of my professor/friend who’s an ornithologist and people will look at me very strangely.
like… i have to explain myself?? you don’t just see it and understand that it’s a window strike and we’re doing a study on them?
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