#typhus epidemic
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Uncovering the Hidden Threat: Typhus Outbreak Strikes LA After 30 Years
Introduction to the Typhus Outbreak in Los Angeles
Los Angeles, a vibrant city known for its glitz and glamour, is now facing a hidden threat that has taken everyone by surprise – a typhus outbreak. After three decades of relative calm, the city is grappling with a resurgence of this dangerous bacterial infection. As the number of cases continues to rise, it is crucial to understand the causes,…
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#Bacterial infections#Disease resurgence#Epidemic prevention#epidemic typhus#epidemic typhus symptoms#Flea-borne illnesses#Homelessness and health#infectious diseases#Los Angeles public health#Pest control measures#typhus epidemic#Typhus outbreak#Urban health crisis#what is epidemic typhus#what is typhus epidemic
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WARNING TO NORTH CAROLINIANS
our chiggers now carry TYPHUS
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To ward off the spread of the dreaded typhus, New York City Health Commissioner Dr. Royal S. Copeland assigned several assistants to Ellis Island to examine immigrants. The discovery of a case of typhus aboard the steamship President Wilson, after the passengers had landed, spurred the Health Department to immediate action. Doctors were sent throughout the city to examine the passengers. The photograph shows Dr. Copeland's staff examining immigrants from Ellis Island, February 12, 1921.
Photo: Bettmann Archive/Getty Images/Fine Art America
#vintage New York#1920s#typhoid fever#typhus#Ellis Island#immigration#Feb. 12#immigrants#12 Feb.#epidemic
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"FORTY FIVE ARE AIDED EVERY WEEK," Ottawa Journal. January 24, 1913. Page 1.
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Union Mission Still Finds Much to do.
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Despite Mild Weather and "Easy" Winter.
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Local Charitable Organizations Report That Considerable Distress is Evident, Some due to Typhoid Epidemic.
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Although we have had a mild winter up to the present there seems to be the usual number of men idle in the city.
One or two business men said that they cannot get men while there have been several applications for work made to the Associated Charities and other organizations.
Extra cases of distress have occurred apparently, as the result of the typhoid fever outbreak in the summer. Staff Adj. Goodwin of the Salvation Army informed The Journal last night that the outbreak of fever last summer had caused a great many cases of distress, cases that had never been known before and fresh cases are still occurring.
The Union Missions for men has not been so heavily taxed up to the present this winter, this being due to the mild weather. On an average 45 men are assisted each week and at present 30 men are being sheltered each night besides being provided with meals if the cases are real necessitous ones. For those who are able to pay, a small charge is made for bed and meals. Endeavors are made to find employment for the men but there have not been quite so many applications in previous years. Owing to the mildness of the weather several men have been able to leave the city for work.
#ottawa#typhus#epidemic histories#unemployment#unemployed#homeless shelters#christian charity#missions#salvation army#charitable philanthropy#welfare as social control#poverty in canada
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This is Josef Mengele, The Angel of Death, timeline:
1911: He was born in Günzburg.
1931: He joined the paramilitary association Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten.
1933: Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany.
1934: He joined the SA.
1935: He earned a degree in anthropology.
1937: He became assistant to Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, known for his research in genetics.
1937: He joined the Nazi Party.
1938: He joined the SS.
1938: He graduated in medicine.
1938: He received basic military training with the Gebirgsjäger.
1939: He married Irene Schoenbein.
1939: The Second World War began.
1940: He was called up for service in the Wehrmacht a few months after the outbreak of the Second World War and he volunteered for medical service in the Waffen-SS.
1941: He was awarded the Iron Cross.
1942: He saved two German soldiers from a burning tank and was awarded an additional Iron Cross.
1942: He was withdrawn from the combat troops because he was defined as unfit to fight in the front lines.
1943: He was promoted to the rank of SS captain.
1943: He was transferred to Auschwitz.
1943: He became head doctor of the camp reserved for the Romani.
1943: He ordered the death of 528 women and 507 men to avoid a new typhus epidemic.
1943: He had a kindergarten set up for pre-school children inside the "gypsy camp". It was used for propaganda purposes.
1944: His only son, Rolf Mengele, was born.
1944: He was nominated for a medal for contracting both typhus and malaria as part of his research on the "racial origins of gypsies".
1945: He was forced to abandon the concentration camp, taking with him all the material from his ''research''.
1949: He embarked in the port of Genoa on a ship bound for South America.
1949: He landed in Argentina.
1959: He fled to Paraguay.
1960: He fled to Brazil.
1979: He drowned due to a stroke.
Sources:
Wikipedia: Josef Mengele
If you don't like it go with your life.
I DON'T SUPPORT NAZISM, FASCISM OR ZIONISM IN ANY WAY, THIS IS AN EDUCATIONAL POST
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"During Lent, earlier this year I went up to Malitskoe. Typhus epidemic."
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Do you know what I've been thinking about?
Lila was sold when she was 15, meaning she was living on the streets from late 1815/1816. Mount Tambora erupted in April 1815 and caused the Year without Summer (1816).
This means the first year Lila was on the streets, already fighting to survive, it was during the coldest winter London had ever seen, when temperatures dropped to -20.6C, and there were catastrophic floods across the entire country causing famine that drove up food prices started riots where people screamed for 'Bread or Blood'
The year when there were snowdrifts in June, and the Thames was entirely frozen by September.
The year when Typhus epidemics broke out across Britain and killed 65 000 and people were recorded to have been eating carcasses of dead animals, cattle fodder and leaves.
This was the event that literally inspired Shelley's Frankenstein and Byron's Darkness, and Lila survived it on. the. streets.
Someone give her a hug and multiple years of therapy.
#this is so niche#can you tell i’m autistic?#i know she’s fictional and i’m overanalysing but she’s been through so much#kell better hold her extra tight on those winter nights she is absolutely not allowed to feel cold#i love her#adsom#a darker shade of magic#lila bard#shades of magic#delilah bard#v e schwab#a gathering of shadows#a conjuring of light#kell maresh
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Hmm ok hard to say 🤔early 1800s would mean miasmas was still the leading belief around sickness which means that hand washing and hygiene was secondary to "clean air" and scents hence why it was so easy for bacterial things to spread, I could be simple and say some sort of bacterial infection in its dormant period
If I want to be creative I'd say something like an autoimmune disease would be interesting, they're still relatively deadly today but there are a few well known for their slow creeping progression as the body's immune system failed (or turned on itself and started killing itself) leaving people feeling relatively fine at first before issues start arising very aggressively (or just flaring up and having your immune system devastate you out of nowhere, some have reported not knowing having one until they woke up paralyzed one day with no warning and then only having a few days before said paralysis spread to the heart/lungs)
The early 1800s was also a time that diabetes was a very sudden killer with no treatment it was definitely a decent death sentence and around 20% of people nowadays don't even know they have it despite testing being a thing (with no testing or treatment or statistics for diabetes in the early 19th century all we really know is that it existed and would suddenly kill people within weeks of symptoms) so it could be said Marcel had early stage type 2 diabetes perhaps
I can't think of a super notable plague or epidemic of any sorts that'd feel like it during the early 1800s off the top of my head, the bubonic plague did its third wave during the mid - late 1800s and the first cholera outbreak started like a year after Marcel died iirc. The only outbreaks I can think of would perhaps be typhus which ravaged french soldiers and was brought back home with them during 1812 and yellow fever which had tons of outbreaks all throughout the 1800s. Typhus can take ~2 weeks to show symptoms with yellow fever usually only taking a few days and both had rather standard flu/cold symptoms of feeling run down and feverish so I'd say both are a bit harder to pin if he didn't feel sick at all
But uh yeah those would be my main ideas/guesses I suppose? I am no expert tho just someone a bit too interested in diseases lmao
My evil writer trait: Why world build when readers will do it for me for free?
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Margaret Neill Fraser was born on 4th June 1880 in Edinburgh.
Madge, as she was known was one of the brave Scottish woment who volunteered for the Scottish Women's Hospital in Serbia under the overall umbrella of the French Red Cross, alongside Elsie Inglis, like Elsie she didn’t survive the war.
Madge was the daughter of Mrs M. Neill Fraser and Patrick Neill Fraser, a botanist. The family lived at Rockville on Murrayfield Road in western Edinburgh and ran the company Neill & Co, who ran a printers and HMO Stationery Office, both at Bellevue and at 13 George Street The printworks was originally started by an uncle and started life at 10 Old Fishmarket Close in the Old Town.
Before the outbreak of World War One Madge was a promising amatuer golfer, her home golf club was Murrayfield Golf Club. She was runner-up in the 1912 Scottish Ladies Golf Championship, beaten by Dorothea Jenkins and semi-finalist in the 1910 British Championship. She played often at internationals in Ranelagh and Barnehurst.Fraser was a member of the Golfing Gentlewomen and the Ladies' Golf Union. She represented Scotland at international level every year from 1905 to 1914.
Fraser was a member of the St Andrews Ambulance Association and a trained nurse. At the outbreak of the First World War she volunteered alongside others for the Scottish Women's Hospital in Serbia. The majority of the group of women were also suffragettes, for example women doctors surveyed in 1908 had been 538 for the vote and only 15 against. At the time high profile women golfers, like Fraser were a rarity even being allowed to play on men's courses and wanted to demonstrate responsibility and fair play, thus 'most good women golfers of that time tolerated the Suffragists and abhorred the Suffragettes'.
Fraser arrived at the hospital in Kragujevac in Serbia in December 1914 in the midst of a typhus epidemic, tragically she contracted typhusand died on 8th March 1915. Twenty-one other Scottish medical workers died in the same epidemic. Fraser is buried in the Niš Commonwealth Military Cemetery, eastern Serbia and is remembered on her parents’ grave stone in Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh.
It was a double tragedy for the family, her brother, Patrick Neill Fraser, was a Lieutenant in the Border Regiment and was killed on 1 July 1916, the first day of the Battle of the Somme.
Following Fraser's death, she was described as 'perhaps the most popular woman's golfer in Great Britain' he Ladies Golf Union collected funds from international donors sufficient to provide 200 additional beds in Serbian hospitals in her memory. And it was reported that a transport lorry for Elsie Inglis' latest field hospital, was funded by her golfing friends, and seen leading out a column of vehicles by the Serbian Crown Prince George.Fraser's funeral was described as a 'terribly sad affair with the funeral party having to struggle through thick snow and mud. Margaret Neill Fraser is also commemorated on the Scottish Women's Hospitals' Roll of Honour;
"There is no Sea
Nor Time nor Space nor Division
In
God's dear Home
There is only God and His strong
Love and Peace
and
A GREAT REMEMBERING."
" Let us remember before God these women
Who gave their lives in the service of others.
Madge Neill Fraser is the only woman listed on Murrayfield Golf Club's Roll of Honour. The British Journal of Nursing expressed regret at her death, and noted she was a nurse and a chauffeur.
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This is dark but do you think Comics!MK have any surviving extended family or is he truly the last of his family?
I like to think he has cousins but their parents didn't flee to America like Elias did so he hardly sees them
MCU Marc doesn't talk to family for very different reasons obviously
I got an ask!
Now this is a truly difficult question to answer for a lot of reasons, but I will do my best!
Comics Moon Knight has a LOT of re-writes. Moench only included Randall in Marc's known family. He was killed off before Moon Knight even had his own official comic (See the Incredible Hulk appearance, which I will review someday in the hopefully not too distant future). We don't get a lot of references to Randall in Moench's run after that. Like at all. In fact, there is so little discussed about Marc's family in Moench's OG run that I'm pretty sure that people forgot about his brother all together unless Marvel decided they needed to do something and then we got a quick "Oh yeah and then this happened" moment.
Zelenetz gave us Elias Spector and more of a family backstory. We got the story of how their mother died when he was very young, which is going to be retconned later on in Lemire's run when we see his father dying much earlier in Marc's life and his mother still being alive. We get no mention of Randall in this. There are a lot of people at the Shiva/Funeral, but since Elias was a prominent figure in their community (Rabbi), it's hard saying who is family and who is community.
As far as I am currently aware (I haven't dived through ALL the comics in a VERY long time and my re-read is slow and steady), no other family has ever shown up or is mentioned.
HISTORY LESSON!!! (TW Holocaust)
Elias Spector, as noted by Zelenetz, is from Czechoslovakia. Those of you that got a bit more of a history lesson than what they bothered to toss at you in high school, may recognize that this country has been through A LOT. So much so that it has been split, reunited, renamed, taken over, given independence, divided, and renamed and split over and over and over again.
It is safe to assume that his family lived there for a few generations. It's hard to say when they arrived there, but Jewish history is…strife with certain parts of Europe inviting Jewish people in then going "Just kidding" and kicking them out (or killing them) immediately afterwards.
And with the history of Czechoslovakia's REPEATED wars and revolutions and divides…. Who knows the history of the Spectors of if they all settled there or if they had been divided over time.
But what we DO know…
According to a census. In 1921, the Jewish population was 354,342. In 1946 it was 55,000. This was not because they decided to move.
The numbers continued to drop. By 1990, it was 7,800.
The German occupation started in 1930 and was not a pretty picture from the start. In 1939, the Jewish population realized this was not going to go well and desperately started to get out, but 78,000 had already been killed. Many were sent to surrounding camps where Typhus epidemics along with brutal conditions started to wipe them out even before 'the final solution' was put into action. Getting dark here: of the 15,000 CHILDREN that were sent to Auschwitz, only 93 came back.
In 1948, Communist Russia took over. Russia does not have a good history with their Jewish population.
In fact, the 40 year period of this occupation is called "Communist Holocaust". Jewish people were forbidden from practicing their religion and Jewish leaders were forced to leave, convert, or die. Children were prohibited from learning their own culture or religious practices.
So do I think that Moon Knight has any cousins surviving in Europe that didn't flee to America like Elias did?
It is with a very heavy heart that I have to given an honest answer: No.
Is it possible that maybe some of the family left with Elias and came to America or went to England? Maybe. Possibly some made it to Denmark or one of the few places that tried to help get a few out. But if they stayed in any of the countries that were occupied, I don't think they made it. And this may have given another reason behind Marc's anger at his father's unwillingness to do anything about the anti-antisemitism that he witnessed.
Perhaps Marc saw the children with extended family and wondered why he didn't have any. Or why they had no pictures or why his mother and father wouldn't talk about those that were left behind.
If he DID happen to have ANY family that survived, Marc probably has no idea where they are or how to find them or who they are. After the Holocaust, the surviving Jewish population was so scattered and left without homes to return to. The countries that they had fled did not welcome them back. Many didn't want to go back. It has only really been recently with the modernization of the internet that efforts have been made for survivors to reach out and try to find out what happened to their families.
With their father and mother gone, I wonder how much about his family Marc actually knew. The REAL question is: Would Marc, Jake, or Steven make an effort to try to reach out? Would they want to find survivors? Would they feel guilty? Would they be able to even talk with the surviving family? Would they want to?
I don't think Marc would. I think this is one more burden on his shoulders and he doesn't want to be a dark shadow on the surviving family tree. I think Steven would be curious and attempt to dig up records to find out what happened to his father's town or people, but I don't think he'd reach out. Jake doesn't travel. Jake's home and people are New York. I think his soft heart would feel the loss too much to want to know. But I do think that if he found any family living in New York, he'd wander by to say hello.
That being said: What about their daughter? Is she being raised Jewish? Marlene certainly is not Jewish. Or at least she was never given that designation in any of the comics that I can recall or in Moench's run. Even if she is not being raised Jewish, perhaps she would be the one to reach out. A generation reaching out to another to find answers and connection. And maybe through her, it would bring the Moon Knight system back to their own connections.
I can see Jake curiously looking at pictures of grandparents and aunts and uncles and saying "Look I have my Great Uncle's mustache!" only to be reminded that his mustache is very much a fake mustache and him quipping back that he has the same taste at least. I can also see Steven being delighted to trace his roots back and saying "The Spectors are survivors." I think even Marc might be able to sit down with his daughter and recall stories he had heard growing up about the town his family comes from and the people there.
And that does bring me a bit of optimism and hope. That they can share good things about a past that they used to look at and find only pain in. That maybe it would finally let them talk about it when it was something they couldn't talk about growing up. A way for him to say "I have generational trauma, but at least I can start to let it heal through my daughter."
SO.... That's a really long answer to your question, and maybe not the one you were looking for... But it's honest and probably more than Marvel will ever give us (I fear what Marvel might do to the history if they tried).
Thanks for asking!
#moon knight#Moon Knight comics#Got asked#Ask away#Seriously people my inbox is always open#Always happy to talk about Moon Knight#I left out a LOT of history here but I didn't want to write a novel
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Estimated 28.5 million dead thus far during our ongoing pandemic (per Economist models)—including the near three quarter million dead in just the last 3 months—places it third among modern (through 20th century) epidemics:
⒈ 1918 Flu: est. 17-100 million
⒉ HIV/AIDS: 43 million to date (over 40+ years)
⒊ Covid-19: 28.5 million to date (over 4+ years)
⒋ Third Plague (Bubonic): 12-15 million (over 100+ years)
⒌ 1968 Flu: 1-4 million
⒍ 1957 Flu: 1-4 million
⒎ 1918 Russian Typhus: 2-3 million
https://www.reddit.com/r/HermanCainAward/
#pandemic#plaguecore#plagues#plague#virus#health#health and wellness#statistics#flu#hiv/aids#covid19#bubonic plague#russian typhus#typhus#ausgov#politas#auspol#tasgov#taspol#australia#fuck neoliberals#neoliberal capitalism#anthony albanese#albanese government#long covid#covid 19#covid isn't over#covid#coronavirus#corona virus
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Lol retard imagine thinking anyone cares about you're retarded monkey ass culture that gave the world such innovations as the "Brazilian butt lift". Imagine living in a "country" renowned for its tranny prostitutes
If we're monkeys we're some damn smart monkeys, seeing as we've invented
Chest photofluorography for screening for tuberculosis
The Jatene procedure for arterial switch operation (a type of open heart surgery)
The first scorpion and spider antivenoms (in 1908 and 1925)
Caller ID
The wristwatch
Phone cards for payphones
Voting machines
Radiography (x-ray images)
Rice strainer
The Kinect for X-Box
3D cinema
The artificial heart
The most green light bulb in history
Havaianas flip flops
Automatic transmission
Typewriters
The solar bottle bulb
The first radio transmission
Two kinds of martial art (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Capoeira)
The portable stereo cassette player
The Walkman
Hot air balloons
The first plane able to do unaided takeoff and flight (the Wright brother's plane needed a catapult)
Brain-Machine Interfaces
and discovered
The pathogen, vector, host, clinical manifestations and epidemiology for Chagas disease
The pathogen for epidemic typhus
The disease cycle for bilharzia
What about you? what have you invented?
Or are you not as smart as us monkeys?
#brazil#inventions#medicine#racism#bigotry#racial slurs#brazilian inventions#the walkman#radio#wristwatch#airplane#anti venom#caller id#did you know#little known fact#wright brothers#try again#latino america#latin america#south america
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Round 3 of 8, Group 2 of 2
propaganda and summaries are under the cut (May include spoilers)
Gravity Falls: 2.11 Not What He Seems
The twins wonder if they really know Grunkle Stan after he is taken into custody by the government agents.
this episode is everything. The title references one of the first ciphers you could find in the show: STAN IS NOT WHAT HE SEEMS. The end of episode one has Stan being super sketchy. You spend all of season one wondering when he’ll turn evil. And then he doesn’t. You’re pulled along. You learn to love him. And then he’s being MORE suspicious right in front of your face in season 2. NWHS premieres. The kids have to question if they trust Stan. YOU question if you trust Stan. Everything’s happening all at once and then the whole sequence at the end. Oh my god. Heart stopping. Dippers betrayed shouting, Soos’s desperate protection of the kids, Mabel! MABEL! Her trust, her belief, despite EVERHTHING. And then the end. Oh my god the end. The reveal that broke the fandom. Shattered everyone. NWHS is the best piece of TV I’ve ever seen.
the next episode didn't come out for two months and the fandom was frothing at the mouth waiting for it.
The drama. The mystery. We've known forever that Stan was hiding something. We get a payoff to the portal. We find out who The Author Of The Journal is and It's His Fucking Twin. That one scene where gravity turns off and he escapes the cops (feds?). Mabel saying Grunkle Stan, I Trust You. Most iconic and badass episode of the show.
It is just incredible. The biggest reveal of the series happens at the end (this description will contain spoilers but I'm staying vague as possible until the end where it will spoil the reveal to give people time to stop reading this). The amount of suspense and emotional tension that builds and builds over the episode is just incredible. Even after seeing it dozens of times I am on the edge of my seat watching it. The way Dipper and Mabel find out pieces of the puzzle, both things the audience has seen and been speculating on, and new things. The way their first theory about Stan is presented and then show the painting of him smiling CHILLS. And the scene in the basement where Stan finally gets there and he and Dipper have such an emotional fight about all the secrets. And then Mabel caught in the middle and how she is distressed but ultimately trusts Stan. Oh the shot of her letting go is so iconic. And then of course the big author reveal moment is the most amazing thing ever. Ok here is the SPOILER WARNING FOR THE BEST TWIST IN THE SHOW The way Ford's silhouette is seen coming out of the portal then the six fingered hand over the journal and then his face is revealed while Stan says The author of the Journals... my brother. Just top tier scene in every way. I don't think any episode in any other show has ever done to me what this episode does to me.
The Little House on the Prairie: 1.18 Plague
With the sudden intensity of a prairie storm, typhus is unleashed on an unsuspecting Walnut Grove, teaming Charles with Doc Baker and Reverend Alden, who work together to the point of exhaustion tending to the community's sick and dying; but when new victims begin to pour in from the surrounding countryside the desperate men know they must find the source of the plague if they expect to stop the deadly epidemic.
it's got to be the first full episode I saw of The Little House On the Prairie and man it TRAUMATIZED me like everyone is dying and there are rats.
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Really cool monastery - turned asylum - turned lazaret.
This building boasts a fascinating, if somewhat disturbing, history. Originally constructed in 1545 as a Capuchin monastery and church, its peaceful purpose took a dark turn in 1813 when it became the female ward of a nearby asylum.
The cycle of repurposing continued in 1886, when the asylum was transformed into a lazaret, a quarantine facility for those suffering from the typhus epidemic ravaging the region.
Tragedy struck again in the first half of the 20th century when a devastating flood ravaged the former monastery. Local authorities were forced to relocate the bodies from its cemetery, but the flood's fury left its mark. Accounts tell of bones and skulls scattered throughout the surrounding woods for months after the flood.
Sadly, time and neglect have taken their toll. Today, this historic site space lies in ruins, marred further by the inconsiderate dumping of trash by some less than respectable individuals.
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cf & dd timeline
This will not reflect every single aspect of the gilded age (1870s to 1890s) but it will include various points of historical and technological interest in addition to Nell and Steve’s personal histories. As such, spoilers will be included and updated with each chapter; so if you’d rather not deal with that, please avoid this!
Note: Italics denote events of the plot, & updates will occur after chapters are published. This is work in progress so more dates and details will be added as I think of them. Historical dates and information was provided by the National Humanities Center and my own research.
1858 - June: Samuel and Ameila Harrington welcome the birth of their son and heir, Steven.
November: Arthur and Delphine Fairchild welcome the birth of their daughter, Eleanor. (Occurs before the story starts, not depicted.)
1865 - Lincoln Inauguration, Civil War Ends, Lincoln Assassination, Ratification of the 13th Amendment
1866 - the National Labor Union was founded on August 20, First successful transatlantic cable is completed (England to the United States).
1868 - June 25: Congress enacts an 8-hour workday for workers employed by the government, July: Ratification of the 14th Amendment.
1869 - January: Grant Inauguration, Commanche Chief Toch-a-way informs Gen. Philip H. Sheridan that he is a "good Indian," Sheridan reportedly replied: "The only good Indian is a dead Indian."
May: First Transcontinental Railroad completed when Union Pacific and Central Pacific lines met in Utah solidified by a golden railroad spike to link the railroads.
September 24: First “Black Friday” stock market panic due to financier’s attempt to corner the market on gold.
1870 - February: Hiram R. Revels of Mississippi becomes the first African American to serve in the US Senate. Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina becomes the first Black Representative, J.D. Rockefeller establishes Standard Oil of Ohio.
March: 15th Amendment is Ratified
1871 - P.T. Barnum opens his three-ring circus, hailing it as the "Greatest Show on Earth,"
March: Indian Appropriations Act - Congress declares that Indian tribes will no longer be treated as independent nations with whom the government must conduct negotiations; Native Americans legally become wards of the nation.
October 8: The Great Chicago Fire claims 250 lives and destroys 17,500 buildings.
1872 - Montgomery Ward & Co., the first mail-order business, opens in Chicago.
Nov. 5: Susan B. Anthony and other women's suffrage advocates are arrested for attempting to vote in Rochester, N.Y.
1873 - Grant’s second inauguration, The first electric streetcar begins operation in New York City; Free mail delivery begins in all cities above 20,000 population; Mark Twain and C. D. Warner publish the novel The Gilded Age.
Mar. 3: The Comstock Act prohibits the mailing of obscene literature.
Sept. 18: The Financial Panic of 1873 begins. 5,183 business fail; Congress makes gold the national standard and eliminates all silver currency.
Period of recurring epidemics beginning in 1865 comes to an end. From Boston to New Orleans, epidemics of smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid, scarlet fever, and yellow fever had killed thousands.
1875 - Steven begins his studies at Harvard; Nell begins hers at Vassar; Christopher, her older brother begins his final year at Harvard. (Occurs before the story starts, not depicted.)
1876 - Centennial Exposition opens in Philadelphia, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.
Feb. 14: 29-year-old Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone.
May: The nation celebrates its centennial by opening an International Exhibition in Philadelphia.
Christopher graduates from Harvard and goes on his Grand Tour. (Occurs before the story starts, not depicted.)
June 25: Battle of the Little Big Horn - George A. Custer and 265 officers and enlisted men are killed by Sioux Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse at the Little Horn River in Montana.
1877 - Hayes Inauguration, Reconstruction ends with the withdrawal of federal troops in the south, Great Railroad Strike: After West Virginia railroad workers strike to protest wage reductions, sympathy strikes and violence spread across the Midwest. Federal troops break the strikes.
June to Oct.: Nez Percé Indians, led by Chief Joseph, surrender after a 1600-mile trek retreating from U.S. troops through the U.S. northwest. They are sent to a reservation in Indian Territory (Oklahoma).
Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.
Christopher Fairchild weds Marian Hudson. (Occurs before the story starts, not depicted.)
1878 - German engineer Karl Benz produces the first automobile powered by an internal combustion engine; Thomas Edison patents the photograph.
Jan. 10: The Senate defeats a woman's suffrage amendment 34-16.
Steve graduates from Harvard University. (Occurs before the story starts, not depicted.)
1879 - The Carlisle School (Pa.) is opened “Americanize” Indian children.
Feb. 15: Congress grants woman attorneys the right to argue cases before the Supreme Court.
Oct. 21: Edison invents the first practical light bulb.
Steve travels Europe on his Grand Tour; Nell returns to France upon news of her parent’s ill health. (Occurs before the story starts, not depicted.)
1881 - Helen Hunt Jackson's Century of Dishonor recounts the government's unjust treatment of Native Americans.
January: Christopher and Marian Fairchild welcome the birth of their son and heir, August.
May: Steven returns to New York from the Continent; begins working with his father at their various real estate holdings. (Occurs before the story starts, not depicted.)
July 2: President James Garfield is shot by Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled office-seeker. He died on Sept. 19.
July 4: Booker T. Washington opens Tuskegee Institute.
July 19: Sitting Bull and other Sioux Indians return to the United States from Canada.
September: Arthur and Delphine Fairchild pass away after battling tuberculosis; Christopher takes over the family holdings and arranges for his sister to travel back to New York from France; Marian begins paying calls to the Four Hundred and laying the groundwork for Eleanor’s societal debut. (Occurs before the story starts, not depicted but mentioned.)
1882 - Attorney Samuel Dodd devises the trust, under which stockholders turn over control of previously independent companies to a board of trustees; Standard Oil Trust, the first trust, is formed by John D. Rockefeller.
May 6: Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act, barring Chinese Chinese immigration for ten years.
December: Eleanor arrives in New York from France entering her half-mourning period and Steven has one-sided meet cute; news the arrival spreads quickly; her debutante ball to be held at the Fairchild manse on 5th Avenue is the talk of the town. (Chapter I. Coup de foudre - story begins here.)
1883 -
January: Mrs. Astor’s annual ball, the most anticipated event of the season, is held; Nell and Steve both receive invitations.
March 26: Mrs. Vanderbilt, feeling snubbed by The Four Hundred, throws her famous masquerade ball, commemorating the completion of her new Fifth Avenue mansion, Petit Château; Nell and Steve are once again invited to the masquerade, but Nell is warned by Marian to keep her distance from Mr. Harrington; each invite has instructions to dress as their assigned characters. (Chapter II. Traîner quelqu'un dans la boue)
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This is Dr. Eugene Lazowski, a Polish doctor who saved 8,000 Jewish people by creating a fake typhus epidemic in Stalowa Wola, a city in Poland that was occupied by the Nazis during World War 2.
Here is an excerpt from the Chicago Sun-Times in 2006 about how Lazowski risked the Nazi death penalty in order to carry out the Hippocratic Oath:
"When the Nazis overran Poland in World War II, Lazowski yearned to find a way to fight back, to protect human life, and he seized upon a paradoxical instrument of salvation—the German army's profound fear of disease. While German industrialist Oskar Schindler, whose heroic story was told in the movie 'Schindler's List,' employed bribes and influence to protect as many as 1,000 Jews who worked in his factory, Lazowski slyly used medical science to save the lives of thousands of Jews and other Poles in 12 Polish villages. He and a fellow physician, Stanislaw Matulewicz, faked a typhus epidemic that forced the German army to quarantine the villages."
Matulewicz discovered a bacteria strain that when injected into a person would cause them to test positive for typhus without suffering from the ill effects of the disease. Lazowski began to inject this bacteria strain into non-Jews because he knew that the Nazis would immediately kill Jewish people infected with typhus. He then sent the blood samples to German labs. Once typhus was detected, the Nazis proceeded to quarantine the outbreak area.
Lazowski kept track of how many "typhus" cases he was sending to the labs to make sure they actually correlated with how the disease typically progresses. The quarantine spared the lives of approximately 8,000 men, women and children from being deported to concentration camps.
Lazowski kept his activities a secret, not even telling his wife. After the war, he moved to Chicago where he had to undergo more training to receive his medical license in the US. In 1981, he began working as a professor at the University of Illinois, eventually obtaining emeritus status. He passed away in 2006 at the age of 93.
History Cool Kids is in Poland
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