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albanian-folklore · 10 months

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Gramsh, Albania

#traditional clothing #folk #folklore #costume #albania #albanian #shqiptar #elbasan #central albania #balkan #balkans #southern europe

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whatisonthemoon · 1 year

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Podgorica club (Wikipedia)

The following text comes from the Wikipedia article for the Podgorica Club. I bolded the especially relevant sections. How have I never heard of this organization? The Moon Organization has actively and effectively been organizing leaders in Central Europe.

The Podgorica club was founded at the beginning of 2019 in Podgorica, Montenegro. Members of the Podgorica club are former presidents and prime ministers of the countries of the Balkan region, such as former Montenegrin president Filip Vujanović, former Bosnian prime minister Zlatko Lagumdžija, former Slovenian president Danilo Türk, former Croatian president Stjepan Mesić, former Serbian president Nataša Mićić, former Albanian president Alfred Moisiu and other prominent politicians from the Balkans area. The founding of the Podgorica club followed the world summits in South Korea, organized by the Universal Peace Federation, which were attended by politicians from the Balkans, such as former president Vujanović and former Albanian president Moisiu. The Podgorica club thanked the Universal Peace Federation for a successful partnership in affirming the value of cooperation and peace in the international community.

History

At the end of 2019, a summit organized by the UPF was held in Tirana, Albania, where peace in the Balkans was discussed, and among the speakers were former President of Albania Moisiu, President of Kosovo Thaci, President of North Macedonia Pendarovski, and other politicians from the Balkans. At the 2020 summit in South Korea, one panel was dedicated to the Balkan Peace Initiative launched by the Universal Peace Federation, an organization affiliated with the Unification Church. Among other politicians, former NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen and former Swedish Prime Minister Carl Bild took part in the panel, and the peace initiative for the Western Balkans was presented. The founding of the Podgorica club was also supported by the former High Representative of the European Council Mogherini. In the 2019 joint declaration, the Podgorica club supported regional cooperation, the continuation of political reforms in the European Union (EU) and the perspective of EU expansion to the countries of the Western Balkans.

Cooperation with Universal Peace Federation

In 2021, the Podgorica club and the Universal Peace Federation signed a memorandum of cooperation, with the aim of promoting peace and cooperation in global peace initiatives. In the declaration from 2022, the Podgorica club supported the common regional market and the perspective of the accession of the countries of the Western Balkans to the EU, according to the individual achievements of each individual country. A conference was held in Albania in 2022 organized by the Podgorica club and the Universal Peace Federation on the topic of peace and economic development in the Western Balkans. The political and economic cooperation of the countries of the Western Balkans was discussed. At the end of the conference, the Declaration on peace and development of the countries of the Western Balkans was adopted.

Former Montenegrin President Vujanovic, former Albanian President Moisiu, former Croatian President Mesic, former Bosnian President Mladen Ivanic, former Kosovo President Sejdiu and former Serbian President Micic participated in the conference. This joint conference of the Universal Peace Federation and the Podgorica club was held after the international conference in South Korea, on the topic of peace on the Korean Peninsula, and was jointly organized by the Universal Peace Federation and the Kingdom of Cambodia. The conference was attended by former United Nations Secretary General Moon, former United States President Trump, former United States Vice President Mike Pence, former US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, former Presidents of the European Council Romano Prodi and José Manuel Barroso, members of the Podgorica club Vujanovic and Ivanic and numerous other former presidents and prime ministers.

#2019 #politics #mike pompeo #universal peace federation #upf #podgorica club #central europe #croatia #bosnia #albania #serbia #republic of korea #south korea #korea #politicians #european union #peace

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txttletale · 6 months

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driving around the usa iwth 144 'not my president' bumper stickers entirely covering my car bearing images of the current presidents of albania, algeria, angola, argentina, armenia, austria, azerbaijan, bangladesh, barbados, belarus, benin, bolivia, bosnia and herzegovina, botswana, brazil, bulgaria, burkina faso, burundi, cameroon, cape verde, central african republic, chad, chile, colombia, comoros, costa rica, croatia, cuba, cyprus, czechia, djibouti, dominica, dominican republic, democratic republic of the congo, ecuador, egypt, el salvador, equatorial guinea, eritrea, estonia, ethiopia, fiji, finland, france, gabon, gambia, georgia, germany, ghana, greece, guatemala, guinea, guinea bissau, guyana, haiti, honduras, hungary, iceland, india, indonesia, iran, iraq, ireland, israel, italy, ivory coast, kazakhstan, kenya, kiribati, kosovo, kyrgyzstan, laos, latvia, lebanon, liberia, lithuania, malawai, maldives, mali, malta, marshall islands, mauritania, mauritius, mexico, micronesia, moldova, mongolia, montenegro, mozambique, myanmar, namibia, nauru, nepal, nicaragua, niger, nigeria, north macedonia, pakistan, palau, palestine, panama, paraguay, peru, philippines, poland, portugal, republic of china, republic of the congo, republic of korea, romania, russia, rwanda, sao tome and principe, senegal, serbia, seychelles, sierra leone, singapore, slovakia, slovenia, somalia, south africa, south sudan, sri lanka, suriname, syria, tajikistan, tanzania, timor leste, togo, trinidad and tobago, tunisia, turkey, turkmenistan, uganda, ukraine, united arab emirates, uruguay, uzbekistan, vanuatu, venezuela, vietnam, zambia, and zimbabwe and i have to update them every time theres a presidnetlai election anywhere

#tattletxt

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johbeil · 5 days

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Spring in the mountains

Central Albania, April 2023. Leica R4 with 50 mm Summilux on Ilford FP4 B&W film.

#spring #mountains #landscape #blossoms #photographers on tumblr #original photographers #film is alive #i still shoot film #analog photography #film photography #albania #black and white #b&w #nature #trees #leica #ilford

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noneedtofearorhope · 1 year

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Death to Afghanistan Death to Albania Death to Algeria Death to Andorra Death to Angola Death to Antigua and Barbuda Death to Argentina Death to Armenia Death to Australia Death to Austria Death to Azerbaijan Death to Bahrain Death to Bangladesh Death to Barbados Death to Belarus Death to Belgium Death to Belize Death to Benin Death to Bhutan Death to Bolivia Death to Bosnia and Herzegovina Death to Botswana Death to Brazil Death to Brunei Death to Bulgaria Death to Burkina Faso Death to Burundi Death to Cabo Verde Death to Cambodia Death to Cameroon Death to Canada Death to Central African Republic Death to Chad Death to Chile Death to China Death to Colombia Death to Comoros Death to Congo, Democratic Republic of the Death to Congo, Republic of the Death to Costa Rica Death to Croatia Death to Cuba Death to Cyprus Death to Czech Republic Death to Côte d’Ivoire Death to Denmark Death to Djibouti Death to Dominica Death to Dominican Republic Death to East Timor (Timor-Leste) Death to Ecuador Death to Egypt Death to El Salvador Death to Equatorial Guinea Death to Eritrea Death to Estonia Death to Eswatini Death to Ethiopia Death to Fiji Death to Finland Death to France Death to Gabon Death to Georgia Death to Germany Death to Ghana Death to Greece Death to Grenada Death to Guatemala Death to Guinea Death to Guinea-Bissau Death to Guyana Death to Haiti Death to Honduras Death to Hungary Death to Iceland Death to India Death to Indonesia Death to Iran Death to Iraq Death to Ireland Death to Israel Death to Italy Death to Jamaica Death to Japan Death to Jordan Death to Kazakhstan Death to Kenya Death to Kiribati Death to Korea, North Death to Korea, South Death to Kosovo Death to Kuwait Death to Kyrgyzstan Death to Laos Death to Latvia Death to Lebanon Death to Lesotho Death to Liberia Death to Libya Death to Liechtenstein Death to Lithuania Death to Luxembourg Death to Madagascar Death to Malawi Death to Malaysia Death to Maldives Death to Mali Death to Malta Death to Marshall Islands Death to Mauritania Death to Mauritius Death to Mexico Death to Micronesia, Federated States of Death to Moldova Death to Monaco Death to Mongolia Death to Montenegro Death to Morocco Death to Mozambique Death to Myanmar (Burma) Death to Namibia Death to Nauru Death to Nepal Death to Netherlands Death to New Zealand Death to Nicaragua Death to Niger Death to Nigeria Death to North Macedonia Death to Norway Death to Oman Death to Pakistan Death to Palau Death to Panama Death to Papua New Guinea Death to Paraguay Death to Peru Death to Philippines Death to Poland Death to Portugal Death to Qatar Death to Romania Death to Russia Death to Rwanda Death to Saint Kitts and Nevis Death to Saint Lucia Death to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Death to Samoa Death to San Marino Death to Sao Tome and Principe Death to Saudi Arabia Death to Senegal Death to Serbia Death to Seychelles Death to Sierra Leone Death to Singapore Death to Slovakia Death to Slovenia Death to Solomon Islands Death to Somalia Death to South Africa Death to Spain Death to Sri Lanka Death to Sudan Death to Sudan, South Death to Suriname Death to Sweden Death to Switzerland Death to Syria Death to Taiwan Death to Tajikistan Death to Tanzania Death to Thailand Death to The Bahamas Death to The Gambia Death to Togo Death to Tonga Death to Trinidad and Tobago Death to Tunisia Death to Turkey Death to Turkmenistan Death to Tuvalu Death to Uganda Death to Ukraine Death to United Arab Emirates Death to United Kingdom Death to United States Death to Uruguay Death to Uzbekistan Death to Vanuatu Death to Vatican City Death to Venezuela Death to Vietnam Death to Yemen Death to Zambia Death to Zimbabwe

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reasonsforhope · 1 year

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"One of the last wild rivers in Europe, home to more than 1,000 animal and plant species, has been declared a national park by the Albanian government, making the Vjosa the first of its kind on the continent.

The Vjosa River flows 168 miles (270kms) from the Pindus mountains in Greece through narrow canyons, plains and forests in Albania to the Adriatic coast. Free from dams or other artificial barriers, it is rich in aquatic species and supports myriad wildlife, including otters, the endangered Egyptian vulture and the critically endangered Balkan lynx, of which only 15 are estimated to remain in Albania.

For years, the Vjosa’s fragile ecosystem has been under threat: at one point as many as 45 hydropower plants were planned across the region.

But on Wednesday, after an almost decade-long campaign by environmental NGOs, Vjosa was declared the first wild river national park in Europe. Environmentalists described it as a historic decision that has placed the tiny Balkan nation at the forefront of river protection...

A Model for Conservation

Mirela Kumbaro Furxhi, Albania’s tourism and environment minister, said the creation of the park was part of the country’s evolution and continuing emancipation three decades on from communist rule.

“Vjosa is a symbol of human history and also a very important part of the history of our country,” she said. “Maybe Albania does not have the power to change the world, but it can create successful models of protecting biodiversity and natural assets, and we are proud to announce the creation of this first national park on one of the last wild rivers in Europe.”

The country, which attracted 7.5 million visitors last year, more than twice its 2.8m population, hopes to regenerate villages in the Vjosa region through ecotourism.

Details of the National Park

... The 12,727 hectare (31,500 acre) park aims to ensure the Vjosa and its unique ecosystems are safeguarded. It has been given IUCN category II park status, a high level of protection similar to that of a wilderness. The categorisation covers “large-scale ecological processes”, species and ecosystems, crucial to ensuring dams and gravel extraction are banned. It is expected to be operational in 2024...

The park will encompass the 118 miles of the Vjosa in Albania, three main tributaries, and some land, including areas at risk of flooding. Phase II will add other tributaries. Unlike the IUCN’s Wilderness Protected Areas, which limit the number of visitors, it will allow recreational tourism and some other activities such as local fishing, particularly for 60,000 residents in the catchment.

The Albanian government is starting a joint process with the Greek authorities to create the Aoos-Vjosa transboundary park, aiming to protect the entire river across both countries, who agreed in January to sign a memorandum of understanding specifying the next actions.

Wild Rivers in Europe

Europe has the most obstructed river landscape in the world, with barriers such as dams, weirs and fords, estimated to number more than a million, according to a 2020 EU study in 28 countries. Such fragmenting of rivers affects their ability to support life.

Ulrich Eichelmann, a conservationist and founder of Riverwatch and part of the Save the Blue Heart of Europe campaign, said: “Most people in central Europe have never ever seen a wild, living river, free from the impacts of human interference, that isn’t diverted or dammed or built up with embankments and where biodiversity is low as a result. But here, you have a wild river, full of complexity and without interference.”"

-via The Guardian (US), 3/15/23

#albania #europe #eastern europe #conservation #biodiversity #endangered species #rivers #national parks #wilderness protected area #greece #good news #hope

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mapsontheweb · 10 months

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Mitteleuropäische Bund: Imaginary Post-WW1 Europe, 1930.

by u/Ben1152000

After World War I, instead of a crippled Weimar Republic, Germany is kept largely strong throughout the interwar years and forms a stable democratic federation of states, incorporating the "core" states of Northern Germany, and Bavaria, Baden-Wurttemberg, Silesia, Prussia, and the Free City of Danzig. Austria, having lost its empire after the war, joins the federation, bringing two new states of Tirol and Austria Proper. Finally, Bohemia and Moravia, newly independent from the War, also join the federation to get access to Western European trade and greater lines of credit. The stability of the Middle European Federation prevents the rise of Fascist governments in neighboring nations, especially in Italy, which, with the help of the newly-formed union, peacefully reclaims the traditional Italian lands of Corsica, Nicce, and Malta from France and Britain respectively. Facing threats from both the Soviet Union and their larger neighbors, Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, and Albania all establish alliances with the MEC, forming a new 'Central European' power bloc to rival the influence of the Western Allies of Britain and France, and the Soviet Union.

Currency: European Mark

Official Language: Standard German

Regional Languages: Czech, Austro-Bavarian, Low German, Polish

Capital: Frankfurt

#maps #Ben1152000 #europe #alternate history #1930

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burgerking-official · 4 months

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Hello people. I am wishing you a happy new year from Burger King.

I wish a happy 2024 to all people in Abkhazia, Afghanistan, The Aland Islands, Albania, Algeria, Aotearoa, Andorra, Angola, Antarctica, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Artsakh, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Catalonia, The Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, The Cook Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Cornwall, Costa Rica, Cote D’Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, The Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, England, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Euskadi, The Faroe Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gagauzia, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Greenland, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Guyane, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, The Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mann, The Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, The Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Northern Cyprus, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, The Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Senegal, Serbia, The Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Solomon Islands, Somalia, Somaliland, South Africa, South Korea, South Ossetia, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Transnistria, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkiye, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, The United Arab Emirates, The United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, The Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Vojvodina, Wales, Western Sahara, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

If I missed your country, I don’t care. I’m too tired to care.

#burger king #whopper #brgr kiq #hungry jacks #huqgry djaks

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easterneurope-etc-bracket · 1 year

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EASTERN EUROPEAN ETC BRACKET!!!

Where YOU decide who is the ULTIMATE Eastern European character/person/item etc.

Some things to note!

My definition of Eastern Europe is broad! Participants from Slavic and Balkan countries will be favoured in terms of getting into the contest, but I'm accepting characters from:

the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) (I know some people count them as Slavic and some don't)

And Central European countries like Hungary

Real people are allowed and encouraged so long as it's funny

Historical figures are encouraged so long as it's funny! I did run ultimate-historical after all

Eurovision artists are allowed if it's funny. Hence my Luke Black and Konstrakta pfp

I almost certainly won't accept current world leaders

They don't have to be human. Brands of cereals? Allowed. Real and existing tiny villages that no one else has heard of? Allowed. Songs? The general rule is if it's funny enough it's allowed

This is to give spotlight to characters (etc) from smaller and lesser known countries. You can submit participants from Russia, but participants from say Moldova, Macedonia, Albania, etc will be favoured to actually get into the contest since they are from smaller countries that don't always get the spotlight.

THIS IS ALL FOR FUN AND IS LIGHTHEARTED! don't take any of this seriously please!

Submissions will open in a few days!

#woohoo #polls #poll #bracket #eastern europe

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scotianostra · 1 month

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Head of Constantine, Berat Castle, Berat, Albania

Giant head of Constantine the Great, 272-337 AD, Roman Emperor, at Berat Castle or Kalaja e Beratit, in Berat, South-Central Albania, capital of the District of Berat and the County of Berat. Constantine I, also known as Constantine the Great, was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity

#Albania #my pics #berat

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reality-detective · 1 year

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There were 173 Banks around the World that failed this week – and went unreported by the Mainstream Media.

The Rothschild Banks in controlled collapse, including the US Federal Reserve:

Afghanistan: Bank of Afghanistan

Albania: Bank of Albania

Algeria: Bank of Algeria

Argentina: Central Bank of Argentina

Armenia: Central Bank of Armenia

Aruba: Central Bank of Aruba

Australia: Reserve Bank of Australia

Austria: Austrian National Bank

Azerbaijan: Central Bank of Azerbaijan Republic

Bahamas: Central Bank of The Bahamas

Bahrain: Central Bank of Bahrain

Bangladesh: Bangladesh Bank

Barbados: Central Bank of Barbados

Belarus: National Bank of the Republic of Belarus

Belgium: National Bank of Belgium

Belize: Central Bank of Belize

Benin: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO)

Bermuda: Bermuda Monetary Authority

Bhutan: Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan

Bolivia: Central Bank of Bolivia

Bosnia: Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana: Bank of Botswana

Brazil: Central Bank of Brazil

Bulgaria: Bulgarian National Bank

Burkina Faso: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO)

Burundi: Bank of the Republic of Burundi

Cambodia: National Bank of Cambodia

Came Roon: Bank of Central African States

Canada: Bank of Canada – Banque du Canada

Cayman Islands: Cayman Islands Monetary Authority

Central African Republic: Bank of Central African States

Chad: Bank of Central African States

Chile: Central Bank of Chile

China: The People’s Bank of China

Colombia: Bank of the Republic

Comoros: Central Bank of Comoros

Congo: Bank of Central African States

Costa Rica: Central Bank of Costa Rica

Côte d’Ivoire: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO)

Croatia: Croatian National Bank

Cuba: Central Bank of Cuba

Cyprus: Central Bank of Cyprus

Czech Republic: Czech National Bank

Denmark: National Bank of Denmark

Dominican Republic: Central Bank of the Dominican Republic

East Caribbean Area: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Ecuador: Central Bank of Ecuador

Egypt: Central Bank of Egypt

El Salvador: Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea: Bank of Central African States

Estonia: Bank of Estonia

Ethiopia: National Bank of Ethiopia

European Union: European Central Bank

Fiji: Reserve Bank of Fiji

Finland: Bank of Finland

France: Bank of France

Gabon: Bank of Central African States

The Gambia: Central Bank of The Gambia

Georgia: National Bank of Georgia

Germany: Deutsche Bundesbank

Ghana: Bank of Ghana

Greece: Bank of Greece

Guatemala: Bank of Guatemala

Guinea Bissau: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO)

Guyana: Bank of Guyana

Haiti: Central Bank of Haiti

Honduras: Central Bank of Honduras

Hong Kong: Hong Kong Monetary Authority

Hungary: Magyar Nemzeti Bank

Iceland: Central Bank of Iceland

India: Reserve Bank of India

Indonesia: Bank Indonesia

Iran: The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Iraq: Central Bank of Iraq

Ireland: Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland

Israel: Bank of Israel

Italy: Bank of Italy

Jamaica: Bank of Jamaica

Japan: Bank of Japan

Jordan: Central Bank of Jordan

Kazakhstan: National Bank of Kazakhstan

Kenya: Central Bank of Kenya

Korea: Bank of Korea

Kuwait: Central Bank of Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan: National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic

Latvia: Bank of Latvia

Lebanon: Central Bank of Lebanon

Lesotho: Central Bank of Lesotho

Libya: Central Bank of Libya (Their most recent conquest)

Uruguay: Central Bank of Uruguay

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Lithuania: Bank of Lithuania

Luxembourg: Central Bank of Luxembourg

Macao: Monetary Authority of Macao

Macedonia: National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia

Madagascar: Central Bank of Madagascar

Malawi: Reserve Bank of Malawi

Malaysia: Central Bank of Malaysia

Mali: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO)

Malta: Central Bank of Malta

Mauritius: Bank of Mauritius

Mexico: Bank of Mexico

Moldova: National Bank of Moldova

Mongolia: Bank of Mongolia

Montenegro: Central Bank of Montenegro

Morocco: Bank of Morocco

Mozambique: Bank of Mozambique

Namibia: Bank of Namibia

EVERYTHING is going to crash!

Are You Prepared? 🤔

#pay attention #educate yourself #educate yourselves #reeducate yourself #knowledge is power #reeducate yourselves #think for yourself #think for yourselves #think about it #do your homework #do your research #do your own research #question everything #ask yourself questions #ask yourself #central banking #everything is going to crash #everything is falling apart

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albanian-folklore · 2 years

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Albanian women's costume from central Albania

#albanian #albania #central albania #balkan #balkans #traditional clothing #folk #costume

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radiofreederry · 2 years

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Happy birthday, Enver Hoxha! (October 16, 1908)

Longtime leader of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, Enver Hoxha was born to a Muslim family in Gjirokastër, and worked as a secretary and teacher with communist sympathies before the Italian invasion of Albania in 1939. When the Communist Party of Albania, later the Party of Labor of Albania, was formed in 1941, Hoxha was chosen as a Muslim representative in the party's central committee, and he came to lead the party outright as First Secretary two years later. Hoxha helped coordinate the activities of Albanian partisans throughout World War II. After the war, the King of Albania was deposed and Albania was proclaimed a socialist republic, with Hoxha as its leader. Initially a strong supporter of the Soviet Union, Hoxha decried Krushchev's reforms as revisionism and aligned Albania with China in the Sino-Soviet Split. Eventually breaking with China as well over changes in Chinese foreign policy, Hoxha set out to build a policy of self-reliance for Albania. This included the construction of thousands of bunkers across the country for national defense. Other achievements of Hoxha's leaderships included advancements in education, healthcare, and infrastructure; Albania became the world's first fully-electrified country in 1970. In poor health since the early 1970s, Hoxha died in 1985.

"Every departure from class struggle has fatal results for the destiny of socialism."

#birthdays #enver hoxha

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ashesandhackles · 9 months

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HP re-read: Goblet of Fire (Part 3)

Chapter 31,32, 33, 35,36,37

Harry hearing the trial is important because it deepens the seed in him for wanting to finish the war. He thinks about how it was Voldemort who had ripped Neville's parents away, and why BCJ went to Azkaban with his mother fainting and his father asking him to rot. His world has expanded.

Ron being a bb and being like how the extra jinxes they learnt is good training for them being Aurors. I love how childlike his assumption is that this is what the three of them will end up doing. Always the three of them against the world. <3

ooh Harry's initial shield charm is weak. Set up for when it gets stronger later in the series - it's one of the spells he uses in the final battle, one that protects Molly from Voldemort's wrath.

Sirius sending daily owls and then giving Harry a muddy paw print as a good luck card. I LOVE HIM.

Fudge apparently looking stern next to Maxime, and her eyes being "rather red" while Hagrid kept glancing at her from along the table. What a subtle way of telling us what happened here.

Cedric raising his wand to shower red sparks for Krum after being tortured by him. This is a good moment, because Cedric doesn't know Krum is under the Imperius, and he could have just let Harry do it. But he also raises his wand along with Harry, right after saying Krum would deserve being eaten by a passing Skrewt. Nice character work.

Harry politely asking the sphinx to move <3

the chapter really sets up its imagery: a dark overgrown graveyard, a church, a yew tree, an outline of an old house on the hillside. The yew, in particular, because its associated with Voldemort. (we also see baby! Voldemort being carried into this setting by Peter)

there is also something about Voldemort's father's house overlooking the rebirth at the graveyard - the above/below positioning of it all. Such a strong image.

"blank and expressionless as windows of a deserted house": as we note earlier, Avada Kedavra is a spell that releases the soul from its container. So this specific imagery of a deserted house - a body that no longer houses its soul is very eerie, very effective.

every image in this chapter is horrifying: Harry tied to Tom Snr's headstone, baby!Voldemort at his feet, Nagini circling the headstone.

Interesting what was Voldemort's understanding of why his father left his mother: "He didn't like magic, my father", "the fool who gave me his name - Tom Riddle". We know from HBP that he pieces together a story from Morfin's account of what happened - and he thinks it's his father who gave him the "ordinary" name. Even with Voldemort's hatred for his father, it is him Voldemort assumes an active role for, and not his mother. His negative feelings are directed against his father.

"may your loyalty never waver again Wormtail": Voldemort does gift giving and rewards with implied threats. XD

"one who I believe has left me forever, he will be killed of course" : Snape. I would kill for a conversation between Snape and Voldemort, when Snape comes in two hours late.

Peter convinces Bertha for a night time stroll. Where is Peter's adventures in Albania before he returns to Voldemort story? He has been quite busy.

Voldemort Villain monologues the entire chapter. He is so overt with his immortality hints that I am surprised baby Reg is one who catches on. Speaks to his and Sirius' upbringing a bit.

"and now, you face me like a man, straightbacked and proud" : the crumbs we get of James Potter's characterisation and how Harry uses this taunt later to empower himself to fight. ("he was going to die upright like his father")

James arms Harry with knowledge of what he must do, whereas Lily's role is more to offer him comfort (its the nature of the books. Lily gains a more stronger role in last 2 books, whereas the first 5, James is central to Harry's development)

Harry leaps over the cup (his means of escape) to get to Cedric's body first - all this with a broken leg. What a pure boy. It is not only the fact that Cedric asked him to, but because he has also witnessed the desecration of a dead body in the ritual. He recognises it as a violation.

BCJ's father wound pouring out of his monologue, and the need Voldemort fulfills or one BCJ hopes he would fulfill is that he will be closer than a son, that he will be singular, noteworthy and special among Death Eaters in a way he wasn't to his own father.

@dragonlordette talked about how BCJ! Moody was in tune with people's feelings and she is right: the careful way he manipulated Cedric, Dobby, and planted a book with Neville well in advance shows someone who watches, catalogues people's behaviour, so he knows which buttons to push.

Rowling planting Snape's loyalties here: she emphasises Snape's face in BCJ's Foe Glass both when three of them burst the door open and once again when he enters to survey the room.

Crouch's mother's love as a destructive force that enabled the rise of Voldemort when she broke her son out and took his place in Azkaban. (love as destructive force is a theme that series plays with both in good way and bad way - and more overtly in HBP)

I love how seamlessly Dumbles, McGonagall and Snape work together. When McGonagall is losing it over the Dementor's Kiss, Snape sarcastically explains what Fudge has done (" he seems to feel his personal safety was in question" Imao)

Sirius spends all year obsessing over a plot in the tournament and that someone is out to get Harry, and he sees Harry in this state, his suspicions are confirmed in worst possible way. His hand shakes when he helps Harry into a chair .

Harry drawing comfort from Fawkes. <3

Sirius, noticing how Harry was avoiding Dumbles eyes, harshly tells Dumbledore that Harry needs sleep <3

the "gleam of triumph" in Dumbles eyes that set off so many fan forums when GOF first came out.

Sirius gets so upset when Harry mentions how James asked him to escape, so for the first time in the whole meeting, his face is in his hands. (instead of Harry's shoulder) In Sirius' eyes, he failed to protect Harry and James' ghost saves Harry instead. It is a reminder of his failure.

also hilarious that no one besides Madam Pomfrey questions the presence of an emotional support dog. (also like the best emotional support dog in question, Sirius growls at Fudge for insinuating Harry's liar. I would love to hear the cussing out Sirius is giving him)

Snape makes a "sudden movement" when Lucius' name is mentioned. Snape's feelings for the Malfoy family, despite actively working against them, is complicated.

also how throughout the altercation between Dumbles and Fudge, Mrs Weasley had to keep a hand on Harry's shoulder to prevent him from rising.

Another person who has had enough of Fudge in the scene is Snape. Snape showing his Dark Mark to the Minister of Magic is legitimately one of my favourite moments of him in the series. It's a stand he is making - and in rereads, his loyalty and commitment is clear as day.

Harry wants Sirius to stay. I love that Harry actually asks for what he needs when it comes to Sirius. BB :heart:

"He had no memory of being hugged like this, as though by a mother" AHHHHHHH.

ah Cho crying when they raise a toast to Cedric upsets Harry. He looks down in response :(

Impassive face Hermione = Hermione who has just been kissed goodbye by Krum. (also that Harry isn't surprised when Ginny later reveals that they did indeed kiss)

Ron asking for Krum's autograph makes Hermione smile, and him assuring Fleur her english is good enough already makes her scowl The range of emotions she experiences in this scene.

Harry asks the twins to buy a different set of dress robes for Ron and say they are from them. Harry learns how to be careful and sensitive with Ron's feelings. What a sweetheart.

#hp reread #harry james potter #sirius black #barty crouch jnr #severus snape #goblet of fire #lord voldemort

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nakibistan · 10 months

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People often say that LGBTQIA+ people doesn't exists in Muslim/Islamic World. Nowdays many muslims argued that LGBTQI+ rights are contrary to their traditional beliefs, homosexuality shouldn't be decriminalized in their native countries,because it goes against their moral values,cultural norms & social mores,[...].

But previous Islamic history & muslim traditions had wide range of acceptance of sexual & gender diversity.In those days Muslim communities weren't so bigotted, heterosexist,homophobic/transphobic, heteropatriarchal.Colonialism,communism,dictatorship,islamist regime justified the prejudices against queer folks in Muslim world, not Islam itself.

In 1854, Ottoman empire legalised consensual homosexuality in parts of Middle East,North Africa,Eastern Europe & West Asia.Notably Mughal,Mamluk,Khilji,Sayyid, Pathan,Lodi,Abbasid,Safavid,Qajar,Ottoman empire gave privileges to gender variants and eunuchs.Even it is also said that Aghawas (a designation for trans feminine, effeminate,agender/eunuch & intersex) were served as guardian of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)'s mosque & tomb.There had been numerous homoerotic paintings & same sex romantic poetries in medieval islamic era.In pre-modern muslim societies ghazals (sufi spiritual song) has direct references with queerness.In some sufi traditions cross-dressing, gender fluidity was considered as sacred.

Since 18th & 19th century almost all muslim countries were colonized or being influenced by European Orthodox Christians.Europeans pushed their moral codes,heteropatriarchal system & gender roles upon muslim communities.But western colonialism was unable to erase queerness & love from asia.In Pakistan,Bangladesh,India & some parts of Afghanistan, Hijras (designation term for trans feminine,trans woman,gender diverse,intersex) are still exists.Hijras has recognition of third gender in Pakistan,India & Bangladesh.They have some civil rights in those countries mentioned.But Transgender people's livelihood in Afghanistan is very worst.Some Afghan trans people's lifestyles are very similar to Hijra/Khawaja Sara subculture. In central-asian muslim cultures gender vice-versa or variance are not uncommon.Bacha bazi or Bacha-bozi is practice where adult men get sexual services from young crossdressers and effeminates.

Waria, another transgender muslim community can be found in Indonesia.Waria transgenders has very limited rights comparing to Hijras.In South Sulawesi, Indonesia Bugis (a muslim tribe) recognized 5 genders: Oroané(masculine men), makkunrai (feminine women), Calalai (trans-masculine or masculine women), Calabai (trans-feminine or feminine male), Bissu (androgynous or non-binary).The classification of the calabai,calalai, & bissu as third genders is disputed.These roles can also be seen as fundamental occupational and spiritual callings, which are not as directly involved in designations such as male and female.In pre-Islamic culture, Bissu were seen as intermediaries between the people and the gods.The Bissu are closely associated with the female yet androgynous moon goddess, as her spiritual offspring.Up until the 1940s, the Bissu were still central to keeping ancient palace rites alive, including coronations of kings & queens. Historically, Bissu have played an important role in other ceremonies as well,particularly in weddings and childbirth events.However today Bissu & Waria faces marginalization in their homeland due to rise of Political Islamism & Islamic Extremism .

Here is a list of Muslim/Islamic nations where homosexuality is not a criminal offense (technically):

Albania - Legal since Ottoman period.

Bosnia & Herzegovina - Legal since Ottoman period.

Kosovo - Legal since Ottoman period.

Azerbaijan - Legal since 1918 or 2000 (not sure).But state often arrests LGBTQ community members.

Northern Cyprus - Legal since Ottoman period,legal in modern northern cyprus since 2015.

Turkey - Legal since Ottoman period, legal in modern turkey since 1923.

Jordan - Legal since Ottoman period,legal in hashemite kingdom of jordan since 1951.

Bahrain - Legal since Ottoman period.

West Bank (Palestine) - Female homosexuality always been legal,male homosexuality is legal since 1951.

Gaza (Palestine) -Female homosexuality always been legal.

Lebanon - Legal since Ottoman period, legal in modern lebanon since 2018 (however the legal status of homosexuality is vogue)

Kazakhstan - Legal since 1997 (de facto),nationwide legal since 1998 (de jure).

Kyrgyzstan - Legal since 1998.

Egypt - Legal since Ottoman period.Although private consensual homosexuality is not criminalized by domestic laws.Commercial & adult consensual homosexuality is de-facto illegal since 1961.

Kuwait -Female homosexuality always been legal.

UAE - There's no explicit federal law against homosexuality.But commercial & non-commercial homosexuality is de-facto illegal.

Burkina Faso - always legal

Djibouti - always legal

Mali - legal since 1961

Mayotte - always legal

Niger - always legal

Guinea Bissau - legal since 1993.

Sierra Leone -Female homosexuality always been legal.

Uzbekistan - Female homosexuality always been legal in federal law.

Turkmenistan - Female homosexuality always been legal in federal law.

Tajikistan - legal since 1998.

Indonesia - Homosexuality never been a criminal offense until 2022.LGBTQI+ people often faced persecution by state & harassment.In 2022, Indonesian parliament passed a bill that outlaws all types of sexual relationships outside the traditional marriage.

Here is a list of Muslim/Islamic nations,where transgender & gender diverse people has rights:

Iran - Transgender individuals were officially recognized by the government, under condition of undergoing sex reassignment surgery, with some financial assistance being provided by the govt. for the costs of surgery, and with a change of sex marker on birth certificates available post-surgery since early 1980s. However, substantial legal and societal barriers still exist in Iran. Trans individuals who do not undergo surgery have no legal recognition and those that do are first submitted to a long and invasive process (including virginity tests, parental approval, psychological counseling that reinforces feelings of shame & inspection by the Family Court).

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Trans people may change their legal gender in Bosnia & Herzegovina after a sex reassignment surgery & other medical treatments.

Pakistan - Pakistan recognized Hijras as third gender in 2009. In 2018 Pakistan's parliament passed “The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act” which provides fundamental rights in health, education, government and security.

Lebanon - In late 1990s Lebanon allow sex reassignment surgery.In 2016 Lebanon court legally recognized a trans man as man.

Turkey - Transgender individuals were allowed to change their gender since 1988.However later Turkey adopted harsh policies for transgenders,required many pre–requisutes in order to be able to receive gender-affirming surgery. Transgender persons had to ask & be granted permission for the surgery,be at least 18 years of age,unmarried, & sterilized in order to receive gender-affirming surgery.

Jordan - Since 2014 jordan allow trans people to change their gender after a sex change operation.

Bahrain -Since 2008 Bahrain allow trans people to change their gender after a sex change operation.

Bangladesh - since 2013 Bangladesh recognized hijras & eunuchs as third gender.In 1975 Dr. Hosne Ara Begum became the first transsexual woman to be recognised as woman in Bangladesh.

Indonesia - Indonesia allows sex change operation for Warias & give limited rights for transgenders.

Kazakhstan - Since 2003, trans people allowed to change legal gender following sex change surgery,medical examinations, & sterilisation.

Kyrgyzstan -Transgender people allowed to change legal gender following sex reassigment surgery, medical treatments,sterilisation since 2014.

Tajikistan -Under Tajik law, trans people may change their legal gender on their passport if they provide a medical statement that they have undergone sex reassignment surgery. There has been 2 sex-change operations performed – the first one in 2001 and the second one in 2014.

UAE- allows intersex persons to undergoes a sex change surgery & change their gender.

Egypt - In 1988, a sunni Islamic Fatwa by Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy grants legal permission to perform gender affirming surgery.In Egypt, those who want to undergo the surgery must seek an approval from a gender reassignment review committee at the Medical Syndicate of Al-Azhar. But the committee has not convened since 2013, when Al-Azhar withdrew its member from the ccommission.

#lgbtqi muslims #lgbtqia+ muslim #lgbtqia #queer #religious queer #queer rights #trans rights #trending #allah loves all #loveislove #muslim

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usafphantom2 · 3 months

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Lockheed Martin will integrate AARGM-ER missile into F-35 aircraft

Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 01/16/2024 - 16:00 in Armaments, Military

On January 12, NAVAIR (Naval Air Systems Command), on behalf of the U.S. Department of Defense, signed a $97.3 million contract for the integration of the Northrop Grumman AGM-88G AARGM-ER (Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile-Extended Range) missile with the F-35A/B/C Lightning II multifunctional fighters family.

The contract, scheduled to be completed in March 2026, will be executed by the U.S. Air Force (F-35A), the U.S. Marine Corps (F-35B and F-35C), the U.S. Navy (F-35C) and partners of the F-35 JSF program, including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Norway, Italy, Denmark, the Netherlands and other users of the 17º aircraft production batch.

'Lot 17' is a designation given to the last portion of F-35 aircraft produced. The U.S. Department of Defense finalized an agreement for production in December 2022.

This 'lot' includes 126 aircraft that will be the first iteration to include the Technical Refresh-3 (TR-3) update, the modernized hardware needed to power the capabilities of Block 4. The TR-3 includes a new integrated central processor with greater computing power, a panoramic display in the cabin and an improved memory unit.

Previously, the AGM-88G AARGM-ER missiles were integrated with electronic war and air defense suppression aircraft F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA-18G Growler, with flight tests carried out in 2021 and 2022. On September 25, 2023, Northrop Grumman announced that it was selected by USAF to supply the new anti-radiation missile for the F-35A under the codename SiAW (Stand-in Attack Weapon), based on the AGM-88G AARGM-ER project.

The AARGM-ER was designed for enemy air defense suppression (SEAD) operations, capable of attacking anti-aircraft and missile systems, ballistic and cruise missile launchers, GPS interference systems and anti-satellite systems in strongly defended areas and negation environments (A2/AD). The missile features a new 290 mm diameter fuselage and a subsonic ramjet engine, doubling its range from 110 to approximately 220-250 km and increasing its maximum speed.

The AGM-88G AARGM-ER missiles are produced with a new propulsion and improved warhead set, based on newly produced orientation systems comprising a passive radar signal receiver, satellite navigation, counting system and millimeter wave radar. This differs from the AGM-88E AARGM, where propulsion and warhead are derived from AGM-88 HARM (high-speed anti-radiation missiles) stored missiles from the previous generation.

In January 2018, the U.S. Navy hired Northrop Grumman to develop the AARGM-ER. On March 18, 2019, the USAF announced collaboration with the U.S. Navy to adapt the AARGM-ER for the F-35A, allocating $163 million for fiscal year 2020. At the same time, the U.S. Navy ordered additional development for $323 million, with funding allocated until 2020.

In July 2019, the Department of Defense granted Lockheed Martin a $34.7 million contract to initiate modifications to the F-35's internal weapon compartments to transport the AARGM-ER. The work, including the reinforcement of the fuselage structures, was completed in July 2022. The design and integration efforts are supervised by the PMA-242 (Direct and Time Sensitive Attack) office of the Department of Defense.

Tags: AGM-88E AARGMweaponsMilitary AviationF-35 Lightning IILockheed Martin

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Fernando Valduga

Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, he has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Dayton Airshow and FIDAE. He has works published in specialized aviation magazines in Brazil and abroad. He uses Canon equipment during his photographic work in the world of aviation.