“House in Shukugawa” is located in Nishinomiya City, Hyogo Prefecture, on a compact flagpole-shaped lot surrounded on all sides by two-story neighboring houses.
The site conditions made it difficult to open the house to the outside for privacy reasons, so we aimed to create an independent world for the client on the inside.
The "moderately centripetal plane" and the "dome with a large volume" give the space an inclusive feeling, so that even in a closed box, the client does not feel cramped, but can enjoy the beautiful greenery and light while living comfortably. The house was designed to be comfortable while loving beautiful greenery and light, without feeling cramped in a closed box.
Located in Nishinomiya City, Hyogo Prefecture, the surroundings along the Shukugawa River are quiet, with abundant nature and a long-established residential area. Due to the high value of land and the relatively high unit price per tsubo, there are many areas where land is densely subdivided into smaller lots.
The site was a compact, flagpole-shaped lot surrounded on all sides by two-story neighboring houses. These conditions were by no means good. However, the client purchased the lot because of its good surrounding environment and the fact that it was in an area that he had grown familiar with since childhood.
⚪︎Requests
The ideal living conditions and requests we recieved from the client can be organized into the following five categories.
To be able to feel nature (greenery, light, wind) and the four seasons (change of time) even inside the house.
To be able to cherish hygge (Danish word meaning "comfortable space" or "enjoyable time") while ensuring privacy.
The spirit of "In Praise of Shadows" should be valued, and changes in shadows and ambient light should be sensed with subtlety. The lighting scheme should not be uniformly bright, but varied and gradual.
The entire space should be loosely connected, but with a variety of spatial volumes to suit different uses.
The design should have a universality that will allow the owner to enjoy the house, from the interior to the exterior, for a long time.
Based on these themes and the site conditions, the architectural form was studied.
⚪︎Design concept
The site conditions made it difficult to open the house to the outside for privacy reasons, so we aimed to create an independent world within the house in line with the client's preferences. Many of the interior images they shared with us had a European feel, and we decided to incorporate these elements into the design.
First, the footprint of the building was set as large as possible in relation to the site, and it was designed to be boxy and closed to the outside. To allow the interior to experience nature and the four seasons, a courtyard was placed in the north corner, where it is relatively easy to secure lighting. The hall (living and dining room), kitchen, and other active spaces are located around the courtyard. Rooms for individual rest, such as bedrooms and bathrooms, were kept to the minimum necessary size and placed on the second floor. (The storage furniture in the bedroom is movable in order to accommodate changes in usage.)
The hall, the most distinctive feature of this house, was intended to be a space that gently envelops time with family and close friends without feeling cramped in a house closed to the outside. The hall has a moderately centripetal plane that creates a sense of harmony, and a large dome-shaped volume that ensures a cozy atmosphere even when people gather together, giving the space a sense of inclusiveness.
In contrast to the completely private space on the second floor, the first floor has a semi-public atmosphere even though it is a house, creating a sense of change and depth within the narrow box. The tiled floor, the dining table that resembles a terrace in an alley, the balcony-like landing that protrudes into the atrium, and the slightly austere atmosphere created by the dome and symbolic top light all work together to create the atmosphere of the ground floor.
In terms of lighting, it is important not only to have brightness, but also to have a sense of relative brightness. While minimizing the openings in the hall to lower the overall illumination level, we organized the sequence of brightness so that the light falling on the courtyard would be perceived as beautiful as possible. The walls and ceiling are finished in a uniform light reddish-brown plaster, which allows the warmth of the light to be felt while amplifying the brightness of the space.
In terms of spatial manipulation, the soft curvature of the outer courtyard wall corners, the seamless plastered dome ceiling, and the low ceiling height of the first floor in contrast to the dome create the illusion of distance and visual expansion in a compact space.
⚪︎Interior Environment
A comfortable thermal environment is also essential for creating a cozy space. As the entire building is compact and gently connected, the volume can be efficiently heated in winter by floor heating installed in the ground-floor hall and kitchen. The walls and ceilings are plastered (with a Marble Feel) throughout to enhance the building's own humidity control.
The ventilation system is "Class 1 Ventilation*1. The ventilation system uses a total heat exchange type ventilation fan (ondaless) with a temperature exchange efficiency of 92%, which allows ventilation without compromising indoor temperature and humidity during air supply and exhaust, resulting in comfort and reduced heating and cooling loads.
The insulation is of the sprayed wooden type, which is more airtight and has better moisture permeability than ordinary board-type insulation. Low-E double-glazing glass with an argon gas filling are used to enhance thermal insulation.
*1 "Type 1 Ventilation". A ventilation method in which both air supply and exhaust are done by a mechanical ventilator.
⚪︎Structural Planning
Tosa wood from Kochi Prefecture known for its high strength, were used for the structural members of the wooden frame. Tosa cedar was used for the upper frame, and Tosa cypress was used for the foundation because of its higher strength and durability. The construction company purchased these materials directly from Kochi Prefecture, ensuring stable quality and reducing costs.
⚪︎Landscaping plan
The courtyard, an important element of the house, is designed with a mix of trees that reflect the light and wind. Multiple layers, from undergrowth such as moss and ferns to landscape stones and medium height trees, create a compact yet deep landscape. The compactness of the space also means that the plants are close to people, allowing the users to feel the weather and the changing seasons in their daily lives. The cobblestone pavement enables the use of a terrace-like space, where one can casually step outside for a light meal when the weather is nice. We aimed to bring the richness of loving plants and trees into people's lives.
The approach to the site is made up of tan-brown granite, which is boldly pulled into the entrance floor of the house to create a continuous line. Since it is a narrow passageway between neighboring properties, we created an elaborate finish to give visitors a sense of anticipation of what lies ahead. The use of stone paving also directs visitors' attention to their feet, helping to create a sense of openness in the hall atrium.
⚪︎Lighting Plan
The base lighting is not too bright, and the presence of the fixtures themselves is minimized as much as possible. In particular, the lighting that enhances the plants in the courtyard illuminates from a high position, like moonlight, to prevent reflections on the glass and to express the natural beauty of the plants. In the hall, lights were installed in the air conditioner niche avoiding the exposure of fixtures on the ceiling surface, so as not to spoil the abstractness of the space.
On the other hand, at the place where people are welcomed in or stay (entrance, dining room, living room, and restroom), lighting with a textured presence is placed to contribute to the interior design and accentuate the space.
⚪︎Summary
In an environment where neighboring houses are densely packed, we were able to build a world for the residents by separating the interior spaces from their surroundings. The client spends his busy days at work, but during his time here, he wants to forget his work, surround himself with his favorite things, and spend truly restful moments with his family and friends. We hope that daily life in a house that heals both body and soul will be a source of daily vitality. We hope that this home will be a vessel to support such a lifestyle.
⚪︎Property Information
Client|Couple
Total floor area|70.10m2
Building area|42.56m2
1floor area|39.59m2
2floor area|30.51m2
Location|Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo, Japan
Zoning|Article 22 zone
Structure|Wooden 2 stories
Exterior|Galvalume steel sheet, sprayed with Jolipad
Japan's Public Security Intelligence Agency removes Turkey's PKK and Palestine's HAMAS from "List of Global Terrorist and Armed Organizations"
by Hiroyuki Aoyama, Professor
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
November 29, 2023
Originally posted on Yahoo!News:
Translated/Post-edited using DeepL.com
On November 28, Turkey's Haber 7, Yeni Yasam, and Harwar News (ANHA) - which is close to the Democratic Unity Party (PYD), a Syrian Kurdish nationalist organization - all reported that Japan's Public Security Intelligence Agency had removed the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) from "List of Global Terrorist and Armed Organizations" section on its official website.
The PKK is an organization that Turkey considers a separatist terrorist organization. The Syrian PYD is a descendant of this organization.
PKKは、トルコが分離主義テロリストとみなす組織。シリアのPYDはこの組織の系譜を組む。
In addition to Turkey, the PKK has also been designated by the United States as an FTO (Foreign Terrorist Organization) on October 8, 1997. The U.S. CIA updated The World Factbook on its official website on January 24, 2018, equating the Syrian PYD with the PKK and designating the organization and its then co-leader, Salih Muslim, as a terrorist organization, a description that was removed shortly after (refer to my book, "膠着するシリア:トランプ政権は何をもたらしたか" (Stalemate in Syria: What Has the Trump Administration Brought?), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Press, 2021)
PKKは、トルコのほかにも、米国がFTO(外国テロ組織)に指定(1997年10月8日)している。米国はCIAが2018年1月24日に、公式サイト内の「ワールド・ファクトブック」(The World Factbook)を更新し、シリアのPYDをPKKと同一視して、同組織と当時の共同党首だったサーリフ・ムスリムをテロリストに指定したが、この記載はほどなく削除された(拙稿『膠着するシリア:トランプ政権は何をもたらしたか』東京外国語大学出版会、2021年)。
The People's Defenders of the Armed Forces (YPG), an armed group founded by the PYD, constitutes the main force of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), which was formed in Syria in October 2015 at the behest of the United States. The SDF is positioned one of the "partner forces" of the U.S.-led coalition of the willing (the Combined Joint Task Force - Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR)), which claims to be continuing the "war on terror" against the Islamic State and is fully supported by the United States.
PYDが創設した武装組織の人民防衛隊(YPG)は、2015年10月にシリアで米国の肝いりで結成されたシリア民主軍の主力部隊を構成している。このシリア民主軍はイスラーム国に対する「テロとの戦い」を継続していると主張する米主導の有志連合(「生来の決意」作戦合同任務部隊(CJTF-OIR(Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve))の「協力部隊」(partner forces)と位置づけられており、米国の全面支援を受けている。
On the other hand, Turkey has taken the position that the PKK, PYD, YPG, and SDF are nothing more than terrorists "flipping names on the billboard" and constantly criticizes the United States for fully supporting the SDF while designating the PKK as an FTO.
Japan's Public Security Intelligence Agency removed the PKK from the "Global Terrorist, Armed Organizations, etc." section of its official website on November 27 [2023].
日本の公安調査庁が公式サイトの「世界のテロ・武装組織等」欄からPKKを削除したのは11月27日。
Regarding this, Haber 7 reported that PKK supporters had recently been dancing Kurdish folk dances to PKK propaganda songs in Japan, and then reprinted an X (formerly Twitter) post (dated November 24) by economic reporter Takaaki Ishii, who criticized their activities.
"They are strange people when they are doing wrong things. Why am I involved in this when I am doing it out of chivalry?I am sorry to be so frank, but I would appreciate your support."
ANHA, on the other hand, reported that the PSIA announced the deletion, and that the agency had previously listed the PKK as a terrorist organization under pressure from Turkey. However, there has been no announcement from the PSIA about the deletion, and there is no confirmation that Turkey has exerted pressure on the agency.
Prior to November 27, Japan's PSIA listed 231 organizations in detail in the "Terrorist and Armed Organizations Worldwide" section of its official website (archived here).However, as of November 29, only 54 organizations are listed in the "Terrorist and Armed Organizations Worldwide" section.
Left: Before 27 November 2023 (most probably as of May 2023)
Right: After 27 November 2023 (screenshot taken today, on 29th)
The following nine organizations have been added to the 54 organizations currently available for viewing: [Note: list of organizations omitted from translation due to possible issue with accuracy in auto-translation and time to research]
現在閲覧可能な54組織のなかには、以下の9組織が追加されている。
「アデン・イスラム軍」(IAA)
「アル・イッティハード・アル・イスラミア」(AIAI)
「ターリク・ギダル・グループ」(TGG)
「チェチェン殉教者リヤダス・サリヒン偵察破壊大隊」(RSRSBCM)
「ハラカト・シャーム・アル・イスラム」(HSI)
「ラハ・ソレイマン運動」(RSM)
「血判部隊」
「東トルキスタン・イスラム運動」(ETIM)
「イスラミック・ジハード・グループ/ユニオン」(IJG/IJU)
However, the Palestine's "HAMAS" and "Palestinian Islamic Jihad" (PIJ), which launched Operation Al Aqsa Flood on October 7, inviting the Israeli military to attack Gaza, as well as the Palestinian factions "Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades" (AAMB), "Army of Islam" (AOI), and "Mujahidin Shura Council around Jerusalem" (MSC), which are active in Palestine, Israel, and the surrounding countriesPalestinian factions active in Palestine, Israel, and neighboring countries, including the "Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades" (AAMB), the "Islamic Army" (AOI), the "Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem" (MSC), the "Popular Resistance Committees" (PRC), the "Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine" (PFLP), the "General Command Faction of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine" ((PFLP-GC), the "Palestine Liberation Front Abu Abbas Faction" (PLF), and the Lebanese "Hezbollah" (Hizbullah) have been removed. Also deleted are 183 organizations that include these groups.
Following are the list of organizations removed from the list: [Note: Same as above. Translation omitted for same reasons]
削除された183組織は以下の通り。
削除された183組織は以下の通り。
「ISILチュニジア」
「ISILベンガル」
「ISIL大サハラ」(ISGS)
「ISIL東アジア」(ISEA)
「アイルランド民族解放軍」(INLA)
「赤い手の防衛者」(RHD)
「赤い旅団」(BR、RB)
「アサイブ・アフル・ハック」(AAH)
「アジュナド・ミスル」
「アッサム統一解放戦線」(ULFA)
「アトムヴァッフェン・ディビジョン」(AWD)
「アハラール・アル・シャーム・イスラム運動」
「アフル・スンナ・ワル・ジャマア」(ASWJ)
「アフワーズ解放のためのアラブ闘争運動」(ASMLA)
「アフワーズ解放機構」(ALO)
「アフワーズ民主人民戦線」(ADPF)
「アラカン・ロヒンギャ救世軍」(ARSA)
「アル・アクサ殉教者旅団」(AAMB)
「アル・アシュタル旅団」(AAB)
「アル・ウマル・ムジャヒディン」
「アル・バドル」
「アル・ムラービトゥーン」
「アルジェリアのカリフ国家の戦士」
「アルスター義勇軍」(UVF)
「アルスター防衛協会」(UDA)
「アレックス・ボンカヤオ旅団-革命的プロレタリア軍」(ABB-RPA)
「アンサール」
「アンサール・アル・シャリーア」(シリア)
「アンサール・アル・シャリーア」(AAS、イエメン)
「アンサール・ウル・イスラム」(AI)
「アンサール・ガズワトゥル・ヒンドゥ」(AGH)
「アンサール・ディーン」(AD)
「アンサール・バイト・アル・マクディス」(ABM)
「アンサール・ヒラーファ・フィリピン」(AKP)
「アンサールッラー・バングラ・チーム」(ABT)
「イエメン州」
「イスラミック・ジハード・ユニオン」(IJU)
「イスラム・タリバン運動」(TTI)
「イスラム4(フォー)UK」(Islam4UK)
「イスラム軍」(AOI)
「イスラム集団」(GI)
「イスラム戦線」(IF)
「イラク・イスラム軍」(IAI)
「イラク革命者総軍事評議会」(GMCIR)
「インディアン・ムジャヒディン」(IM)
「インドネシア・ムジャヒディン評議会」(MMI)
「インド亜大陸のアルカイダ」(AQIS)
「インド学生イスラム運動」(SIMI)
「インド共産党毛沢東主義派」(CPI-M)
「エルサレム周辺のムジャヒディン・シューラ評議会」(MSC)
「オガデン民族解放戦線」(ONLF)
「オドゥーア人民会議」(OPC)
「オロモ解放戦線」(OLF)
「革命人民解放党・戦線」(DHKP/C)
「革命的セクト」(SE)
「革命的闘争」(RS、EA)
「革命旅団」
「カタイブ・ヒズボラ」(KH)
「カチン独立機構」(KIO)
「カハ」
「カビンダ解放戦線」(FLEC)
「カマタプル解放機構」(KLO)
「神の抵抗軍」(LRA)
「カリフ国家の軍」
「カレン民族同盟」(KNU)
「勧善懲悪」
「カンレイ・ヤオル・カンナ・ラプ」(KYKL)
「クルド労働者党」(PKK)
「クンプラン・ムジャヒディン・マレーシア」(KMM)
「継続IRA」(CIRA)
「ケベック解放戦線」(FLQ)
「コーカサス州」
「国際シーク青年連盟」(ISYF)
「国際主義者抵抗イニシアチブ」(IRI)
「国民解放軍」(FNL)
「国民行動」(NA)
「コロンビア革命軍」(FARC)
「コロンビア自警軍連合」(AUC)
「サビリーズ・ジャマート」
「ザ・ベース」
「サラヤ・アル・ムフタール」(SM)
「暫定アイルランド共和軍」(PIRA)
「シパエ・サハバ・パキスタン」(SSP)
「ジャイシュ・アル・アドル」(JAA)
「ジャイシュ・アル・イスラム」
「ジャイシュ・アル・ファテフ」
「シャヒード・ハムザ旅団」
「ジャマー・アンシャルシ・シャリーア」(JAS)
「ジャマーアト・ハマート・ダウワ・サラフィーヤ」(DHDS)
「ジャマート・アンサルッラー」
「ジャマートゥル・フルカーン」(JUF)
「ジャマートゥル・ムジャヒディン・バングラデシュ」(JMB)
「ジャミアトゥル・ムジャヒディン」(JUM)
「ジャム・カシミール解放戦線」(JKLF)
「シャリーア4(フォー)ベルギー」
「シャン州軍」(SSA)
「ジュヌード・アル・シャーム」
「ジュンダラ」(中東・北アフリカ)
「ジュンダラ」(南西・南アジア)
「ジュンド・アル・ヒラファ」(JAK)
「新赤い旅団・戦闘���共産主義者中核」(NBR-NCC、NCC)
「シンド解放軍」(SLA)
「シンド革命軍」(SRA)
「真のIRA」(RIRA)
「新パッタニ統一解放機構」(新PULO、New PULO)
「人民解放軍」(EPL)
「人民革命運動」(MRP)
「人民抵抗委員会」(PRC)
「スーダン人民解放運動北部」(SPLM-N)
「スクール・アル・シャーム」
「スリーパーセンターズ」
「センデロ・ルミノソ」(SL)
「戦闘的共産党創設のための反帝国主義領土中軸」(NTA-PCC)
「ソマリア州」
「ゾンネンクリーク・ディビジョン」(SKD)
「タクフィール・ワル・ヒジュラ」
「タミル・イーラム解放の虎」(LTTE)
「タリバン」
「ダルル・イスラム」(DI)
「中央アフリカ州」
「トリプラ民族解放戦線」(NLFT)
「トルコ州」
「ナガランド民族社会主義評議会」(NSCN)
「ナクシュバンディア教団信者軍」(JRTN)
「ナジュド州」
「西アフリカ州」
「ニジェール・デルタ解放運動」(MEND)
「西パプア民族解放軍」(TPNPB)
「ネオJMB」
「パキスタン州」
「バスク祖国と自由」(ETA)
「ハスム」
「パッタニ・イスラム・ムジャヒディン運動」(GMIP)
「パッタニ・マレー民族革命戦線」(BRN)
「パッタニ統一解放機構」(PULO)
「ババル・カルサ・インターナショナル」(BKI)
「ハマス」(HAMAS)
「ハラカト・アンサール・イラン」(HAI)
「パラグアイ人民軍」(EPP)
「ハルカトゥル・ムジャヒディン・アルアラミ」(HUM-A)
「バルチスタン解放軍」(BLA)
「パレスチナ・イスラミック・ジハード」(PIJ)
「パレスチナ解放人民戦線」(PFLP)
「パレスチナ解放人民戦線総司令部派」(PFLP-GC)
「パレスチナ解放戦線アブ・アッバス派」(PLF)
「バンサモロ・イスラム自由戦士」(BIFF)
「非公式アナキスト連盟」(FAI)
「ヒズブル・ムジャヒディン」(HM)
「ヒズボラ」
「ヒニウトレプ民族解放評議会」(HNLC)
「ヒンズー過激諸派」
「ヒンド州」
「フィリピン共産党」(CPP)/「新人民軍」(NPA)
「フォイヤークリーク・ディビジョン」(FKD)
「フォルサン・アリザ」
「フッラース・アル・ディーン」(HAD)
「プラウド・ボーイズ」
「ペジャーク」(PJAK)
「ボドランド民族民主戦線」(NDFB)
「炎の陰謀中核」(SPF)
「マイマイ」
「マウテ・グループ」
「南スーダン解放軍」(SSLA)
「民主同盟軍」(ADF)
「民族解放軍」(ELN)
「ムジャヒディン軍」(JAM)
「モジャヘディネ・ハルグ」(MKO)
「モロ・イスラム解放戦線」(MILF)
「モロ民族解放戦線」(MNLF)
「モンバサ共和評議会」(MRC)
「預言者ムハンマドのイスラム法施行運動」(TNSM)
「ラシュカレ・イスラム」(LI)
「ラハ・ソレイマン・イスラム運動」(RSIM又はRSM)
「リビア州」
「リヤダス・サリヒン偵察破壊大隊」(RSRSB)
「ルーベ団」
「ルワンダ解放民主軍」(FDLR)
「ロイヤリスト義勇軍」(LVF)
「ロシア帝国運動」(RIM)
「ワ州連合軍」(UWSA)
「10月1日反ファシスト抵抗グループ」(GRAPO)
「11月17日革命機構」(EO17N、17N)
「3月23日運動」(M23)
Born in Tokyo in 1968. Professor at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. Graduated from Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. Doctorate degree from Hitotsubashi University. Representative of the Sadaqa Initiative (https://sites.google.com/view/sadaqainitiative70), a campaign to support victims of the Syrian earthquake.Formerly a joint researcher at the French-Arab Institute in Damascus, Syria, and a researcher at JETRO's Institute of Developing Economies. He specializes in the politics, ideology, and history of the contemporary East Arab region. His publications include "Syria in Stalemate," "The Situation in Syria," "Stalemate in Syria," and "Russia and Syria". He runs a website, "Syrian Arab Spring: The Journey of the Syrian Arab Spring" (http://syriaarabspring.info/).
コロナ後3回目のバンコクへ行って来た。メインはテギョンのファンミーティング。マイレージだったからなんとか予約出来た2日も前の木曜にバンコク入り。超早朝着であっという間にイミグレ出れた。空港で両替屋が開くのを待ち、エリアリンクの始発5時15分位ので市街地へ。車窓に広がるバンコクの街がだんだん目覚めて行く。今回は久しぶりにシーロムに泊まる。シーロムはHouse Partyのプレスコンファレンスが行われた、今は無いDusit Tani ホテルがあった所。ニックンのウギョルの撮影も行われた由緒あるホテルがあった地区。今は建て替え中。
翌月曜日はいよいよ帰国。当初は朝便に乗る予定だったけど、夜便が空いたのを見てすかさず変更。マイレージだから出来る技。今回シーロムに泊まることにしたのは、To Do Listミッションクリアのため。それはニックンが撮影で走ったルンピニー公園ジョギング。ルンピニー自体は行ったことあるけど、一度は走らなきゃ!が、ちょい寝坊し、既に暑くなりかけ。なんとか軽く一周駆け抜けた。軽くなのに汗びっしょり。テギョンタオルが役に立った💚