Stopping By the Woods on a Snowy Evening
By Robert Frost
Translated into Mochica. Written with Maya glyphs. (Description in ALT.)
mo-ŋo ne-pe-te le-pe-ko ma-ŋa ʃa-ma-ke-mo-ño
mong-än nepät jepäko m-ang šam-kem moiñ
this-plural tree owner may-they recognize-d.be by.me
Whose woods these are I think I know.
ʔa-ta yu-nu-ru-ni-ki fe-lo-ko ɕu-ŋa-ne-ke
at iun-är-nik fe lok ssiung ān-ek
although village-of-in is located his house-in
His house is in the village though;
ʔa-yo-ŋo no-ta-fa no-ke-me pa-cha-me-ze-ta mo-ño mi-na-ŋa la-sa-ka
aiong änta f' nok-kem pa chäm esta moiñ, min ang lä-ssäk
by.him not is see-n.be have future.should not me, here is locate-d. being
He will not see me stopping here
me-ñe-ke-me to-po ko-cha-ŋa ɕu-ŋu ne-pe-te-na ka-na-ma
meiñ-kem-top kōcha-ng, ssiung netəp-än ak-näm
fill-ed.be-until fog-by, his tree-s watch-to
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
Further information under the cut:
The Moche were a coastal civilization of northern Peru. They did not have snow, but I felt a cold fog building up had a similar feel. I don't think I had to fudge anything else in the translation itself.
Writing it, though!
The Moche were part of a trade network that stretched up to the Maya. Shells from Maya waters were an important status symbol. While they DIDN'T adopt Maya writing, it doesn't require TOO much alternative history to get them to do so. Plus, you know, I wanted to use Maya glyphs. So I did ;)
However, Mochica has an extra vowel, and a lot of different consonants from Maya. And the writing system is syllabic, so to write things with perfect accuracy I would have had to add a symbol for every single different consonant combined with 'ä', as well as six symbols for each new consonant. That's too much. I am slowly creating symbols for the consonants as I need them. This poem has 9:
fa - from 'fanu', 'dog'
fe - from 'fellu', 'duck'
ze - from 'senu', 'cranefly/fly' (ignore the spelling. How we spell Mochica words needs an entire post. Possibly more.)
ɕu/ɕo - from the Maya glyph for 'they/he/she', since it's usually used for 'ssio, ssiung', 'they/he/she, theirs/his/hers'
ru - from 'rūz', 'moat/canal'
ñe - from 'ñieš-', 'to trade/exchange'
ño - from the Maya glyph for 'man/person', used for the Mochica word 'ñofän', 'man/male'
ŋa - from 'iang', 'crab/shrimp' ('ng' isn't allowed at the beginning of Mochica words)
ŋo - from 'ong', 'carob tree/algorrobo'
ŋu - from the Maya glyph for 'spine/thorn/penis', used for the Mochica word 'ȷ̕ung-','to poke/sting/cut'
(I really like Moche crabs. Look at some of these dudes, before I needed to ink them!)
The extra vowel, 'ä', however, is probably a shwa ('ə'). Shwas are barely vowels. To see how wimpy a shwa is, try this:
say the words 'bigger' and 'middle' casually (not emphasizing them) and try to hear the vowel before the final 'r' and 'l'.
Like, it's SORT OF there. Linguists argue if those are syllabic consonants (consonants pretending to be vowels), or if they have tiny shwas.
Some languages have shwas that act like normal vowels, but both English and Mochica have ones that like to disappear. Some Mochica words can be pronounced with or without their shwas. Most Mochica shwas can disappear if a suffix is added to the word. And sometimes, other vowels turn into shwas when suffixes are added!
So I decided that shwas were dumb, and were going to be treated the same way that Maya writing treated consonants without vowels. If the Maya needed to write a consonant that didn't have a vowel, they chose a glyph that had the same vowel as the previous glyph (ie. 'xan' can be written 'xa-na', and 'okib' can be written 'o-ki-bi'.)
So to write 'yunärnik', 'in the village', I used the glyphs 'yu-nu-ru-ni-ki'. A bit harder to parse for someone who doesn't know the language, but probably pretty clear to anyone who knew Mochica suffixes.
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