INDIGENOUS ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICAN RESOURCES
The Anthropological Masterlist is HERE.
The Andean States are a group of South American countries that are connected by the Andes Mountain range. They are located in the north and/or west part of South America.
AVA GUARANÍ ─ “The Ava Guaraní, or Chiriguano, people are an Indigenous South American people. They are native to the foothills of the Andean Mountains.”
─ Ava Guaraní History
AYMARA ─ “The Aymara, or Aimara, people are an Indigenous South American people. They are native to the Altiplano region of South America.”
─ Concept of Time to the Aymara
─ Aymara Dictionary
CARIB ─ “The Carib, or Kalina, people are an Indigenous South American people. They are native to the northern coasts of South America.”
─ Carib Language
─ Carib Dictionary
CHANÉ ─ “The Chané are an Indigenous South American linguistic group that share the Arawakan languages. They are native to the foothills of the Andean Mountains.”
─ Arawakan Languages
INCA ─ “The Inca Empire, or the Inka Empire, was a pre-Columbian South American civilization that lived from the 13th century C.E. to 1572 C.E. They lived in the Andean highlands.”
─ Inca Architecture
─ Inca Religion
─ Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (in Spanish)
MOCHICA ─ “The Moche, or Mochica, civilization was an Indigenous South American people that lived from 100 C.E. to 700 C.E. They were native to northern Peru.”
─ Moche Culture
─ Sex in Moche Culture
─ The Fall of the Moche
MUISCA ─ “The Muisca, or Chibcha, people are an Indigenous South American people. They are native to Colombia.”
─ Muisca Information
─ Muisca Religion (in Spanish)
─ Muisca Dictionary (in Spanish)
PAEZ ─ “The Paez, or Nasa, people are an Indigenous South American people. They are native to the southwestern highlands of Colombia.”
─ Paez Culture
─ Paez Language (in Spanish)
─ Paez Dictionary
QUECHUA ─ “The Quechua, or Quichua, people are an Indigenous South American linguistic group that share the Quechua languages and culture. They are native to Peru.”
─ Quechua Information
─ Quechua Culture
─ Quechua Language
TIWANAKU ─ “The Tiwanaku Empire was a pre-Columbian South American settlement. They lived in modern-day Bolivia.”
─ Tiwanaku Culture
WAYUU ─ “The Wayuu, or Wahiro, people are an Indigenous South American people. They are native to northern Colombia and northwest Venezuela.”
─ Wayuu Patterns in Mochila Bags
─ Wayuu Dictionary (in Spanish)
YARURO ─ “The Yaruro, or Pumé, people are an Indigenous South American people. They are native to Llanos in Venezuela.”
─ Ecological Culture of the Yaruro (in Spanish)
─ Yaruro Dictionary
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Stopping By the Woods on a Snowy Evening
By Robert Frost
Translated into Mochica. Written with Maya glyphs. (Description in ALT.)
mo-ŋo ne-pe-te le-pe-ko ma-ŋa ʃa-ma-ke-mo-ño
mong-än nepät jepäko m-ang šam-kem moiñ
this-plural tree owner may-they recognize-d.be by.me
Whose woods these are I think I know.
ʔa-ta yu-nu-ru-ni-ki fe-lo-ko ɕu-ŋa-ne-ke
at iun-är-nik fe lok ssiung ān-ek
although village-of-in is located his house-in
His house is in the village though;
ʔa-yo-ŋo no-ta-fa no-ke-me pa-cha-me-ze-ta mo-ño mi-na-ŋa la-sa-ka
aiong änta f' nok-kem pa chäm esta moiñ, min ang lä-ssäk
by.him not is see-n.be have future.should not me, here is locate-d. being
He will not see me stopping here
me-ñe-ke-me to-po ko-cha-ŋa ɕu-ŋu ne-pe-te-na ka-na-ma
meiñ-kem-top kōcha-ng, ssiung netəp-än ak-näm
fill-ed.be-until fog-by, his tree-s watch-to
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
Further information under the cut:
The Moche were a coastal civilization of northern Peru. They did not have snow, but I felt a cold fog building up had a similar feel. I don't think I had to fudge anything else in the translation itself.
Writing it, though!
The Moche were part of a trade network that stretched up to the Maya. Shells from Maya waters were an important status symbol. While they DIDN'T adopt Maya writing, it doesn't require TOO much alternative history to get them to do so. Plus, you know, I wanted to use Maya glyphs. So I did ;)
However, Mochica has an extra vowel, and a lot of different consonants from Maya. And the writing system is syllabic, so to write things with perfect accuracy I would have had to add a symbol for every single different consonant combined with 'ä', as well as six symbols for each new consonant. That's too much. I am slowly creating symbols for the consonants as I need them. This poem has 9:
fa - from 'fanu', 'dog'
fe - from 'fellu', 'duck'
ze - from 'senu', 'cranefly/fly' (ignore the spelling. How we spell Mochica words needs an entire post. Possibly more.)
ɕu/ɕo - from the Maya glyph for 'they/he/she', since it's usually used for 'ssio, ssiung', 'they/he/she, theirs/his/hers'
ru - from 'rūz', 'moat/canal'
ñe - from 'ñieš-', 'to trade/exchange'
ño - from the Maya glyph for 'man/person', used for the Mochica word 'ñofän', 'man/male'
ŋa - from 'iang', 'crab/shrimp' ('ng' isn't allowed at the beginning of Mochica words)
ŋo - from 'ong', 'carob tree/algorrobo'
ŋu - from the Maya glyph for 'spine/thorn/penis', used for the Mochica word 'ȷ̕ung-','to poke/sting/cut'
(I really like Moche crabs. Look at some of these dudes, before I needed to ink them!)
The extra vowel, 'ä', however, is probably a shwa ('ə'). Shwas are barely vowels. To see how wimpy a shwa is, try this:
say the words 'bigger' and 'middle' casually (not emphasizing them) and try to hear the vowel before the final 'r' and 'l'.
Like, it's SORT OF there. Linguists argue if those are syllabic consonants (consonants pretending to be vowels), or if they have tiny shwas.
Some languages have shwas that act like normal vowels, but both English and Mochica have ones that like to disappear. Some Mochica words can be pronounced with or without their shwas. Most Mochica shwas can disappear if a suffix is added to the word. And sometimes, other vowels turn into shwas when suffixes are added!
So I decided that shwas were dumb, and were going to be treated the same way that Maya writing treated consonants without vowels. If the Maya needed to write a consonant that didn't have a vowel, they chose a glyph that had the same vowel as the previous glyph (ie. 'xan' can be written 'xa-na', and 'okib' can be written 'o-ki-bi'.)
So to write 'yunärnik', 'in the village', I used the glyphs 'yu-nu-ru-ni-ki'. A bit harder to parse for someone who doesn't know the language, but probably pretty clear to anyone who knew Mochica suffixes.
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👨🏻💻Que hacer en Trujillo : Museo Itinerante Moche 📍 𝐔𝐛𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐨𝐧: Google maps: https://goo.gl/maps/NRBWYGYmSqFmTt3D8 ➖➖➖➖➖ 📌 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐨 𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐫⁉️ 🚶 𝐂𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐨: a 10 min aprox de la Plaza de Armas de Moche ➖➖➖➖➖ 👀 𝐐𝐮𝐞 𝐯𝐞𝐫 ⁉️ 1️⃣ Podrás vestirte como el Señor de Moche y tomarte una foto con la Dama de Cao 2️⃣ Entrada al Museo 3️⃣ Algunas esculturas y tallados en Mate Burilado, por artesanos de la zona 4️⃣ Mascarilla bordadas con representación del Dios Ai Apaec además de otras prendas bordadas ➖➖➖➖➖ 💰 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐬: Todo es libre y sin costo 💲 Vestirte como representante moche es gratuito 💲 Llaveros mate Burilado: desde 5 soles 💲 Mascarilla bordada: 20 soles ➖ Apoyen al artesano local y compren alguno de sus productos. ➖➖➖➖➖ ⚠️ También alquilan bicicletas cerca, y hay una alameda con personajes simpáticos de ficción, cerca está el paradero de mototaxis que los llevarán a la Huaca del Sol y la Luna. ✅ Es un lugar muy Instagrameable ‼️ #mochica #tipsdeviaje #travelblogger #trujilloperu #visitperu #rikviajero (en Moche, La Libertad, Peru) https://www.instagram.com/p/Cg-FXSOOF3q/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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