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thatsnotcanonpodcasts · 4 years

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Plutonian Ocean, Metal Slug, Huni Kuin & Cyberpunk Edgerunners

The Nerds Amalgamated fishing trip is coming up, and we'll be going to Pluto for some ice fishing. Could Pluto have underground oceans with alien fish, and will they taste good with chips? Unfortunately it'll take a really long time to get there to find out. Maybe we'll have FTL by the next fishing trip.

Metal Slug is back, again. SNK have plans to make some new Metal Slug games and not just work on porting the old ones to new consoles.

The Huni Kuin tribe of Brazil have become some of the most primitive game developers in the world. Working with a team of anthropologists to preserve their tribal stories in the form of a video game.

Cyberpunk 2077 is getting an Anime. The resident weebs are excited. Cross another one off on your Cyberpunk 2077 media bingo card.

Billion year old plutonian ocean

- https://astronomy.com/news/2020/06/pluto-has-likely-maintained-an-underground-liquid-ocean-for-billions-of-years

Metal Slug announcements

- https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2020-06-27-brand-new-metal-slug-game-announced

Reverse game archaeology: Huni Kuin

- http://www.gamehunikuin.com.br/en/abouthk/

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5m88A4oRHo

- https://chacruna.net/huni-kuin-game-an-anthropological-adventure/

Cyberpunk 2077 anime coming to Netflix

- https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-06-25/trigger-announces-cyberpunk-edgerunners-anime-for-netflix-debut-in-2022/.161084

Games Played

Professor

– Outer Wilds - https://store.steampowered.com/app/753640/Outer_Wilds/

Rating: 3.75/5

Deviboy

– Half-Life: Alyx - https://store.steampowered.com/app/546560/HalfLife_Alyx/

Rating: TBA

– Valorant - https://playvalorant.com/en-us/

Rating: 3/5

Other topics discussed

Oculus Quest: All-in-One VR Headset

- https://www.oculus.com/quest/?locale=en_US

Oculus Quest All-in-one VR Gaming Headset – 64GB at Amazon Australia cost $649

- https://www.amazon.com.au/Oculus-Quest-All-Gaming-Headset/dp/B07QY3M3Q4/ref=asc_df_B07QY3M3Q4/?tag=googleshopdsk-22&linkCode=df0&hvadid=341774504578&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=9879915795311276137&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=1000339&hvtargid=pla-765852518281&psc=1

SteamVR (SteamVR is the ultimate tool for experiencing VR content on the hardware of your choice. SteamVR supports the Valve Index, HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, Windows Mixed Reality headsets, and others.)

- https://store.steampowered.com/steamvr

Half-Life : Alyx (2020 virtual reality (VR) first-person shooter developed and published by Valve. Between the events of Half-Life (1998) and Half-Life 2 (2004), players control Alyx Vance on a mission to seize a superweapon belonging to the alien Combine.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-Life:_Alyx

- https://www.half-life.com/en/alyx/

- https://store.steampowered.com/app/546560/HalfLife_Alyx/

Why is Pluto no longer a planet?

- https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/item/why-is-pluto-no-longer-a-planet/

Solar maximum (Solar maximum or solar max is a regular period of greatest Sun activity during the 11-year solar cycle. During solar maximum, large numbers of sunspots appear, and the solar irradiance output grows by about 0.07%)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_maximum

Solar cycle (The solar cycle or solar magnetic activity cycle is a nearly periodic 11-year change in the Sun's activity measured in terms of variations in the number of observed sunspots on the solar surface. Levels of solar radiation and ejection of solar material, the number and size of sunspots, solar flares, and coronal loops all exhibit a synchronized fluctuation, from active to quiet to active again, with a period of 11 years.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cycle

Gunter (Gunter is the penguin that most commonly accompanies the Ice King. In truth, Gunter is the primordial cosmic entity known as Orgalorg and feared as the Breaker of Worlds.)

- https://adventuretime.fandom.com/wiki/Gunter

Tom Scott - We Sent Garlic Bread to the Edge of Space, Then Ate It

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8W-auqg024

Tom Scott (British YouTuber, game show host and web developer. Scott is best known for producing online videos for his eponymous YouTube channel, which mainly comprises educational videos across a range of topics including history,science,technology, and linguistics.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Scott_(entertainer)

SNK (SNK Corporation is a Japanese video game hardware and software company. It is the successor to the company Shin Nihon Kikaku and presently owns the SNK video game brand and the Neo Geo video game platform. Classic SNK franchises include Metal Slug, Samurai Shodown, and The King of Fighters.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNK

Metal Slug (Metal Slug is a series of run and gun video games originally created by Nazca Corporation before merging with SNK in 1996 after the completion of the first game in the series. Spin-off games include a third-person shooter to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the series and a tower defense game for the mobile platform.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_Slug

The King of Fighters (The King of Fighters (KOF) is a series of fighting games by SNK that began with the release of The King of Fighters '94 in 1994. The series was developed originally for SNK's Neo Geo MVS arcade hardware. This served as the main platform for the series until 2004 when SNK retired it in favor of the Atomiswave arcade board.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_King_of_Fighters

Metal Slug X (An upgraded version of Metal Slug 2, titled Metal Slug X, was released in March 1999 for the Neo Geo MVS. The game used a modified version of the engine from Metal Slug 3, which eliminated the slowdown problems of the original.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_Slug_2#Metal_Slug_X

Metal Slug Touch (Metal Slug Touch is a Metal Slug game released in 2009 for iPhones. It is completely controlled only by using the touchscreen and shaking the device.)

- https://metalslug.fandom.com/wiki/Metal_Slug_Touch

Metal Slug Defense (Metal Slug Defense is a tower defense game created by SNK Playmore for iOS and Android mobile devices.)

- https://metalslug.fandom.com/wiki/Metal_Slug_Defense

Metal Slug Attack (Metal Slug Attack, is a tower defense game created by SNK Playmore for iOS and Android mobile devices. The game itself is a sequel to Metal Slug Defense, featuring numerous improvements and brand new game modes.)

- https://metalslug.fandom.com/wiki/Metal_Slug_Attack

Universal Entertainment (Universal Entertainment Corporation, formerly known as Aruze Corporation is a Japanese manufacturer of pachinko,slot machines,arcade games and other gaming products, and a publisher of video games. In 2000, Aruze bought out SNK Corporation, maker of the Neo-Geo. In exchange for the use of SNK's popular characters on their pachinko and slot machines, and a few games for the Neo-Geo, Aruze promised financial backing for the failing SNK.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Entertainment

Neo Geo Pocket Colour (The Neo Geo Pocket Color, is a 16-bit color handheld video game console manufactured by SNK. It is a successor to SNK's monochrome Neo Geo Pocket handheld which debuted in 1998 in Japan, with the Color being fully backward compatible.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo_Geo_Pocket_Color

Virtual Console (Virtual Console also abbreviated as VC, is a line of downloadable video games (mostly unaltered) for Nintendo's Wii and Wii U home video game consoles and the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console. Virtual Console's library of past games currently consists of titles originating from the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super NES, Game Boy,Game Boy Color, Nintendo 64, Game Boy Advance, and Nintendo DS, as well as Sega's Master System and Genesis/Mega Drive, NEC's TurboGrafx-16, and SNK's Neo Geo AES. )

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Console

The King of Fighters XIII (The King of Fighters XIII is a fighting game in The King of Fighters series, developed and published by SNK Playmore originally in 2010.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_King_of_Fighters_XIII

The King of Fighters XII (In an interview with Fighters Front Line, Producer Masaaki Kukino replies that each character took 16~17 months to complete with a team of 10 different designers.)

- https://snk.fandom.com/wiki/The_King_of_Fighters_XII#Development

Virtual Songlines (Bilbie Virtual Labs is continuously pushing the frontier on innovation in our Virtual Songlines development.)

- https://www.virtualsonglines.org/

Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice (Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice is a dark fantasy action-adventure game developed and published by the British video game development studio Ninja Theory. Inspired by Norse mythology and Celtic culture, the game follows Senua, a Pict warrior who must make her way to Helheim by defeating otherworldly entities and facing their challenges, in order to rescue the soul of her dead lover from the goddess Hela.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellblade:_Senua%27s_Sacrifice

Neuromancer (Neuromancer is a 1984 science fiction novel by American-Canadian writer William Gibson. It is one of the best-known works in the cyberpunk genre and the first novel to win the Nebula Award, the Philip K. Dick Award, and the Hugo Award. Set in the future, the novel follows Henry Case, a washed-up computer hacker who is hired for one last job, which brings him up against a powerful artificial intelligence.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromancer

Blade Runner (Blade Runner is a 1982 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, and written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples. Starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young and Edward James Olmos, it is loosely based on Philip K. Dick's novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade_Runner

Rendezvous with Rama (Rendezvous with Rama is a science fiction novel by British writer Arthur C. Clarke first published in 1973. Set in the 2130s, the story involves a cylindrical alien starship that enters the Solar System. The story is told from the point of view of a group of human explorers who intercept the ship in an attempt to unlock its mysteries.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendezvous_with_Rama

No Man’s Sky (No Man's Sky is an exploration survival game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games. It was released worldwide for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows in August 2016, and for Xbox One in July 2018. The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading. Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open world universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Man%27s_Sky

Alien 3 (Alien 3 (stylized as ALIEN³) is a 1992 American science fiction horror film directed by David Fincher and written by David Giler, Walter Hill, and Larry Ferguson from a story by Vincent Ward. It stars Sigourney Weaver reprising her role as Ellen Ripley. It is the third installment of the Alien franchise.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_3

Alien 3 wooden satellite (Ward envisioned a planet whose interior was both wooden and archaic in design, where Luddite-like monks would take refuge.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_3#Start-up_with_Vincent_Ward

Miasma theory (The miasma theory (also called the miasmatic theory) is an obsolete medical theory that held that diseases—such as cholera,chlamydia, or the Black Death—were caused by a miasma (μίασμα, ancient Greek: "pollution"), a noxious form of "bad air", also known as night air. The theory held that epidemics were caused by miasma, emanating from rotting organic matter. Though miasma theory is typically associated with the spread of disease.)

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasma_theory

The Simpsons : Apu Headbag of Ice

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pe8jOp349P8

Futurama : Global Warming

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SYpUSjSgFg

The Simpsons : Skinner and The Superintendent: Aurora Borealis (One of The funniest ever moments of The Simpsons)

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1h8cHUnP9k

Average life expectancy in industrial and developing countries for those born in 2018, by gender (in years) (In 2018, the average life expectancy for those born in more developed countries was 76 years for males and 82 years for females. Globally, the life expectancy for males was 70 years, and 74 years for females.)

- https://www.statista.com/statistics/274507/life-expectancy-in-industrial-and-developing-countries/

Apple I computer now in the Powerhouse Museum is the major branch of the Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences (MAAS) in Sydney.

- https://collection.maas.museum/object/397247

- https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/499154595650600962/728216712675328020/1920px-Original_1976_Apple_1_Computer_In_A_Briefcase.png

While You Were Steeping (TNC podcast)

- https://thatsnotcanon.com/whileyouweresteepingpodcast/

Shout Outs

26 June 2020 – Milton Glaser passes away at 91 - https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/26/obituaries/milton-glaser-dead.html

Milton Glaser, a graphic designer who changed the vocabulary of American visual culture in the 1960s and ’70s with his brightly colored, extroverted posters, magazines, book covers and record sleeves, notably his 1967 poster of Bob Dylan with psychedelic hair and his “I NY” logo passed away. Mr. Glaser brought wit, whimsy, narrative and skilled drawing to commercial art at a time when advertising was dominated by the severe strictures of modernism on one hand and the cozy realism of magazines like The Saturday Evening Post on the other. His designs include the I Love New York logo, the psychedelic Bob Dylan poster, and the logos for DC Comics, Stony Brook University, and Brooklyn Brewery. In 1954, he also co-founded Push Pin Studios, co-founded New York magazine with Clay Felker, and established Milton Glaser, Inc. in 1974. His artwork has been featured in exhibits, and placed in permanent collections in many museums worldwide. “I NY,” his logo for a 1977 campaign to promote tourism in New York State, achieved even wider currency. Sketched on the back of an envelope with red crayon during a taxi ride, it was printed in black letters in a chubby typeface, with a cherry-red heart standing in for the word “love.” Almost immediately, the logo became an instantly recognized symbol of New York City, as recognizable as the Empire State Building or the Statue of Liberty. He died from stroke and renal failure in Manhattan, New York City.

27 June 2020 – Charles Webb, Author of 'The Graduate' Novel, Dies at 81 - https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/charles-webb-dead-graduate-author-was-81-1300794

Charles Webb, a lifelong non-conformist whose debut novel The Graduate was a deadpan satire of his college education and wealthy background adapted into the classic film of the same name, has passed away. Webb was only 24 when his most famous book was published, in 1963. The sparely written narrative was based closely on his years growing up comfortably in Southern California, his studies in history and literature at Williams College in Massachusetts and his disorienting return home. Webb's fictional counterpart, Benjamin Braddock, challenges the materialism of his parents, scorns the value of his schooling and has an affair with Mrs. Robinson, wife of his father's business partner and mother of the young woman with whom he falls in love, Elaine Robinson. His novel initially sold around 20,000 copies and was labeled a "fictional failure" by New York Times critic Orville Prescott. But it did appeal to Hollywood producer Lawrence Turman and the film company Embassy Pictures. The 1967 movie became a touchstone for the decade's rebellion even though Webb's story was set in an earlier era. Nichols' film, starring a then-little-known Dustin Hoffman as Braddock and Anne Bancroft as Mrs. Robinson, was an immediate sensation. Nichols won an Academy Award, Hoffman became an overnight star and the film is often ranked among the greatest, most quoted and talked about of all time. Webb's book went on to sell more than a 1 million copies, but he hardly benefited from the film, for which he received just $20,000. The script, much of it by Buck Henry, was so widely praised that few realized how faithful it was to Webb, including Benjamin's famous line, "Mrs. Robinson, you're trying to seduce me. Aren't you?" He died from a blood condition inEastbourne,East Sussex.

29 June 2020 – Carl Reiner passes away at 80 - https://variety.com/2020/film/news/carl-reiner-dead-died-dick-van-dyke-1234694208/

Carl Reiner, the writer, producer, director and actor who was part of Sid Caesar’s legendary team and went on to create “The Dick Van Dyke Show” and direct several hit films. Reiner, the father of filmmaker and activist Rob Reiner, was the winner of nine Emmy awards, including five for “The Dick Van Dyke Show.” Reiner remained in the public eye well into his 80s and 90s with roles in the popular “Ocean’s Eleven” trio of films and on TV with recurring roles on sitcoms “Two and a Half Men” and “Hot in Cleveland.” He also did voice work for shows including “Family Guy,” “American Dad,” “King of the Hill,” and “Bob’s Burgers.” Before creating CBS hit “The Dick Van Dyke Show,” on which he sometimes appeared, Reiner and “Show of Shows” writer Mel Brooks worked up an elongated skit in which Reiner played straight man-interviewer to Brooks’ “2000 Year Old Man”; a 1961 recording of the skit was an immediate hit and spawned several sequels, the last of which, 1998’s “The 2000 Year Old Man in the Year 2000,” won the pair a Grammy. he portrayed Saul Bloom in Ocean's Eleven, Steven Soderbergh's remake of 1960's Ocean's 11, and later reprised the role in Ocean's Twelve and Ocean's Thirteen. He died at the age from natural causes in Beverly Hills, California.

30 June 2020 – Queensland university teams up with NASA to discover new planet the size of Neptune

- https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-29/usq-nasa-discover-new-earth-sized-planet-a-mic-b/12398056

- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2400-z.epdf?sharing_token=3JTENEuQF-T3APeZX4KxB9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OtWNw2qcogQBYD10PdZhvxquqAqRChzO1nFKcfFtPKYHAUuZEWATQRM6h9tEKLylR11rM5M00uEqg6rHXXliKmS5mXQef56GLCRaooyb8BXkhcAIrlIx7_Nr2K-gZjizUMUcLFUaO80eRmm9mly099uTj6Gync7Hk-5dw0DGtLhcXtSIQcYAQT4mWbAxkmL5yyaVggBeZwOqhfwy06a8j2CY1WJyMSiFGHGoRGRYSGjqQPoVLcnVYYHq91fqiYaRh2p6hlMJYTKQxNJ4rwx5ud&tracking_referrer=www.abc.net.au

Queensland researchers have helped NASA discover a new planet the size of Neptune, "only" 32 light-years away. NASA first spotted the planet two years ago and have been working to confirm its existence with researchers around the world, including a team at the Mount Kent observatory, south of Toowoomba. "It's only 32 light-years away, which means the light we see tonight left it in 1988," said University of Southern Queensland (USQ) astrophysicist, Jonti Horner. The planet, AU Mic b, was found orbiting the young star AU Microscopii (AU Mic), which was trillions of kilometres from Earth in the southern constellation Microscopium. Professor Horner said AU Mic b would not be suitable for people to live on due to its intense heat of more than 1,000 degrees Celsius. The infant planet was discovered by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the recently retired Spitzer Space Telescope. These results were published in the journal Nature.

Remembrances

29 June 1855 – John Gorrie

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gorrie

- https://patents.google.com/patent/US8080

John B. Gorrie, American physician, scientist, inventor of mechanical cooling, and humanitarian. Dr. Gorrie's medical research involved the study of tropical diseases. At the time the theory that bad air — mal-aria — caused diseases was a prevalent hypothesis and based on this theory, he urged draining the swamps and the cooling of sickrooms. For this he cooled rooms with ice in a basin suspended from the ceiling. Cool air, being heavier, flowed down across the patient and through an opening near the floor. Since it was necessary to transport ice by boat from the northern lakes, Gorrie experimented with making artificial ice. After 1845, gave up his medical practice to pursue refrigeration products. On May 6, 1851, Gorrie was granted Patent No. 8080 for a machine to make ice. The original model of this machine and the scientific articles he wrote are at the Smithsonian Institution. In 1835, patents for "Apparatus and means for producing ice and in cooling fluids" had been granted in England and Scotland to American-born inventor Jacob Perkins, who became known as "the father of the refrigerator". Another version of Gorrie's "cooling system" was used when President James A. Garfield was dying in 1881. Naval engineers built a box filled with cloths that had been soaked in melted ice water. Then by allowing hot air to blow on the cloths it decreased the room temperature by 20 degrees Fahrenheit. It required an enormous amount of ice to keep the room cooled continuously. Yet it was an important event in the history of air conditioning. It proved that Dr. Gorrie had the right idea, but was unable to capitalize on it.The first practical refrigeration system in 1854, patented in 1855, was built by James Harrison in Geelong, Australia. He died at the age of 52 in Apalachicola, Florida.

29 June 1997 – William Hickey - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hickey_(actor)

William Edward Hickey, American actor. He is best known for his Academy Award-nominated role as Don Corrado Prizzi in the John Huston film Prizzi's Honor , as well as Uncle Lewis in National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation and the voice of Dr. Finklestein in Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas. His most important contribution to the arts, however, remains his teaching career at the HB Studio in Greenwich Village, founded by Hagen and Herbert Berghof. George Segal, Sandy Dennis, Barbra Streisand, and Sandra McClain all studied under him. He was a staple of Ben Bagley's New York musical revues, he can be heard on several of the recordings, notably Decline and fall of the entire world as seen through the eyes of Cole Porter. Hickey enjoyed a career in film, television and theater. In addition to his work as an actor, he was a respected teacher of the craft. Notable for his unique, gravelly voice and somewhat offbeat appearance, Hickey, in his later years, was often cast in "cantankerous-but-clever old man" roles. His characters, who sometimes exuded an underlying air of the macabre, usually had the last laugh over their more sprightly co-stars. He died fromemphysema andbronchitis at the age of 69 in New York City.

29 June 2003 – Katherine Hepburn - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn

Katharine Houghton Hepburn, American actress who was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years. She appeared in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama, and she received a record four Academy Awards for Lead Acting Performances, plus eight further nominations. In 1999, Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema. She was known for her fierce independence and spirited personality. In the 1940s, she began a screen and romantic partnership with Spencer Tracy, which spanned 26 years and nine movies, although the romance with the married Tracy was hidden from the public. Hepburn challenged herself in the latter half of her life, as she tackledShakespearean stage productions and a range of literary roles. Hepburn famously shunned the Hollywood publicity machine, and refused to conform to society's expectations of women. She was outspoken, assertive, and athletic, and wore trousers before they were fashionable for women. She was briefly married as a young woman, but thereafter lived independently. With her unconventional lifestyle and the independent characters she brought to the screen, Hepburn epitomized the "modern woman" in the 20th-century United States, and is remembered as an important cultural figure. She died from cardiac arrest at the age of 96 in Fenwick, Connecticut.

Famous Birthdays

29 June 1793 – Josef Ressel - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Ressel

Joseph Ludwig Franz Ressel,Austrian forester and inventor of Czech-German descent, who designed one of the first working ship's propellers. He worked for the Austrian government as a forester in the more southern parts of the monarchy, including in Motovun,Istria (modern-day Croatia). His work was to secure a supply of quality wood for the Navy. He worked in Landstrass (Kostanjevica on the Krka river in Carniola in modern-day Slovenia), where he tested his ship propellers for the first time. In 1821 he was transferred to Trieste (modern-day Italy), the biggest port of the Austrian Empire, where his tests were successful. He was awarded a propeller patent in 1827. He modified a steam-powered boat Civetta by 1829 and test-drove it in the Trieste harbor at six knots before the steam conduits exploded. Because of this misfortune, the police banned further testing. The explosion was not caused by the tested propeller as many believed at the time. Besides having been called "the inventor of the propeller", he was also called the inventor of the steamship and a monument to him in a park in Vienna commemorates him as “the one and only inventor of the screw propeller and steam shipping”. He was also commemorated on Austria's 500 Schilling banknote in the mid 1960s (P139), which shows him on the front and the ship "Civetta" on the back. Among other Ressel's inventions are pneumatic post and ball and cylinder bearings. He was granted numerous patents during his life. He was born in Chrudim,Bohemia, Habsburg Monarchy.

28 June 1818 – Angelo Secchi - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelo_Secchi

Fr. Angelo Secchi, Italian astronomer by the italian region of Emilia. He was a pioneer in astronomical spectroscopy, and was one of the first scientists to state authoritatively that the Sun is a star. Secchi made contributions to many areas of astronomy.

He discovered three comets, including Comet Secchi.

He produced an exact map of the lunar crater Copernicus.

He drew some of the first color illustrations of Mars and was the first to describe "channels" (canali in Italian) on the planetary surface.

Secchi was especially interested in the Sun, which he observed continually throughout his career.

He observed and made drawings of solar eruptions and sunspots, and compiled records of sunspot activity.

In 1860 and 1870, he organized expeditions to observe solar eclipses.

He proved that the solar corona and coronal prominences observed during a solar eclipse were part of the Sun, and not artifacts of the eclipse.

However, his main area of interest was astronomical spectroscopy. He invented the heliospectrograph, star spectrograph, and telespectroscope. He showed that certain absorption lines in the spectrum of the Sun were caused by absorption in the Earth's atmosphere. Starting in 1863, he began collecting the spectra of stars, accumulating some 4,000 stellar spectrograms. Through analysis of this data, he discovered that the stars come in a limited number of distinct types and subtypes, which could be distinguished by their different spectral patterns. From this concept, he developed the first system of stellar classification: the five Secchi classes. While his system was superseded by the Harvard system, he still stands as discoverer of the principle of stellar classification, which is a fundamental element of astrophysics. His recognition of molecular bands of carbonradicals in the spectra of some stars made him the discoverer of carbon stars, which made one of his spectral classes. Secchi was active in oceanography, meteorology, and physics, as well as astronomy. He invented the Secchi disk, which is used to measure water transparency in oceans, lakes and fish farms. He studied the climate of Rome and invented a "Meteorograph" for the convenient recording of several categories of weather data. He also studied the aurora borealis, the effects of lightning, and the cause of hail. He organized the systematic monitoring of the Earth's magnetic field, and in 1858 established a Magnetic Observatory in Rome. Secchi also performed related technical works for the Papal government, such as overseeing placement of sundials and repair or installation of municipal water systems. In 1854–1855, he supervised an exact survey of the Appian Way in Rome. This survey was later used in the topographic mapping of Italy. He supervised construction of lighthouses for the ports of the Papal States. He was born in Reggio Emilia.

29 June 1861 – William James Mayo - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James_Mayo

Physician and surgeon in the United States and one of the seven founders of the Mayo Clinic. He and his brother, Charles Horace Mayo, both joined their father's private medical practice in Rochester, Minnesota, US, after graduating from medical school in the 1880s. In 1919, that practice became the not-for-profit Mayo Clinic. On August 21, 1883, a tornado struck Rochester, killing 29 people and seriously injuring over 55 others. One-third of the town was destroyed, but young Will and his family escaped serious harm. The relief efforts began immediately with a temporary hospital being established at the town's dance hall. The Mayo brothers were extensively involved in treating the injured who were brought there for help. Mother Alfred Moes and the Sisters of Saint Francis were called in to act as nurses (despite the fact they had little if any medical experience). After the crisis had subsided, Mother Alfred Moes approached William Worrall Mayo about establishing a hospital in Rochester. In September 30, 1889, Saint Mary's Hospital opened. In September 1931, Mayo and other prominent individuals of the time were invited by The New York Times to make a prediction concerning the world in eighty years time in the future, in 2011. Mayo's prediction was that the life expectancy of developed countries would reach 70 years, compared to less than sixty years in 1931. “Contagious and infectious diseases have been largely overcome, and the average length of life of man has increased to fifty-eight years. The great causes of death in middle and later life are diseases of heart, blood vessels and kidneys, diseases of the nervous system, and cancer. The progress that is being made would suggest that within the measure of time for this forecast the average life time of civilized man would be raised to the biblical term of three-score and ten.” He was born in Le Sueur, Minnesota.

29 June 1868 – George Ellery Hale - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale

American solarastronomer, best known for his discovery of magnetic fields in sunspots, and as the leader or key figure in the planning or construction of several world-leading telescopes; namely, the 40-inch refracting telescope at Yerkes Observatory, 60-inch Hale reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, 100-inch Hooker reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson, and the 200-inch Hale reflecting telescope at Palomar Observatory. He also played a key role in the foundation of theInternational Union for Cooperation in Solar Research and the National Research Council, and in developing the California Institute of Technology into a leading research university. In 1908, he used the Zeeman effect with a modified spectroheliograph to establish thatsunspots were magnetic. Subsequent work demonstrated a strong tendency for east-west alignment of magnetic polarities in sunspots, with mirror symmetry across the solar equator; and that the polarity in each hemisphere switched orientation from one sunspot cycle to the next. This systematic property of sunspot magnetic fields is now commonly referred to as the "Hale–Nicholson law," or in many cases simply "Hale's law." Hale spent a large portion of his career trying to find a way to image the solar corona without the benefit of a total solar eclipse, but this was not achieved until the work of Bernard Lyot. He was a prolific organizer who helped create a number of astronomical institutions, societies and journals. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

Events of Interest

29 June 1613 – The Globe Theatre in London, built by William Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, burns to the ground. - https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-globe-theater-burns-down

The Globe was built by Shakespeare’s acting company, the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, in 1599 from the timbers of London’s very first permanent theater, Burbage’s Theater, built in 1576. Before James Burbage built his theater, plays and dramatic performances were ad hoc affairs, performed on street corners and in the yards of inns. However, the Common Council of London, in 1574, started licensing theatrical pieces performed in inn yards within the city limits. To escape the restriction, actor James Burbage built his own theater on land he leased outside the city limits. When Burbage’s lease ran out, the Lord Chamberlain’s men moved the timbers to a new location and created the Globe. On 29 June 1613, the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of Henry VIII. A theatrical cannon, set off during the performance, misfired, igniting the wooden beams and thatching. According to one of the few surviving documents of the event, no one was hurt except a man whose burning breeches were put out with a bottle of ale.

29 June 1975 – Steve Wozniak tested his first prototype of Apple I computer. - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/steve-wozniaks-apple-i-booted-up-tech-revolution-180958112/

Apple I was the first computer from Apple. It was fully made by Steve Wozniak with little or no input from Steve Jobs. Apple I came without a keyboard, monitor and even an enclosing cabinet. It was basically a motherboard with chips. At the Homebrew Computer club in Palo Alto, California (in Silicon Valley), Steve Wozniak, a 26 year old employee of Hewlett-Packard and a long-time digital electronics hacker, had been wanting to build a computer of his own for a long time. It didn’t look like much—just a circuit board with 32 chips attached, connected to a video monitor and a keyboard. But when he turned it on? Magic. A cursor appeared on the screen—and better yet, it reacted instantly to whatever keys Wozniak pressed. “I typed a few keys on the keyboard and I was shocked!” he recalled in his memoir, iWoz. It was, he observed, the first time in history anyone had typed on a personal computer and seen the results “show up on their own computer’s screen right in front of them.” The sensation of success—he was looking at random numbers he had programmed—was “like getting a putt from 40 feet away.” The Apple I sold for only $666.66. (Wozniak picked the price because he liked repeating numbers; he had no clue about the satanic resonance.)

Intro

Artist – Goblins from Mars

Song Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)

Song Link -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJ

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