Women at P.S. 69 in Jackson Heights protesting the busing of African-American students from schools in Brooklyn, September 28, 1959. The Board of Education said that this was necessary because of overcrowding in Brooklyn, but it also was doubtless in response to the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education. This prefigured the vehement anti-busing protests of the 1960s.

Photo: Associated Press

studying political science means every day i go online and see people spouting off nonsense and people believing them

On This Day in History February 3, 1964: A one day boycott by Black and Puerto Rican public school students takes place in New York City. Organized by Bayard Rustin, the boycott centered along Black and Puerto Rican areas and in total almost 45% of the public school body were absent. What were these students protesting?

The students were against the racial imbalance in their schools due to the Jim Crow racial views of the era. While the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education case ruled school segregation unconstitutional, many NYC's public schools remained seperate and unequal. 69 years later there are still many schools that suffer from the same racial imbalance in certain neighborhoods.

#CivilRightsHistory #BlackHistory #BlackStudies #BlackHistoryMatters #NuyoricanHistory #JimCrow #1960s #CivilDisobedience #BrownVBoardofEd #BayardRustin #NewYorkHistory #NYHistory #NYCHistory #History #Historia #Histoire #Geschichte #HistorySisco

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Complaint in Barnette v. West Virginia Board of Ed (selected pages), 8/19/1942.

The plaintiffs objected to students’ being required to salute the flag and recite the Pledge of Allegiance. The Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional to compel students to do either.

File Unit: Barnette et al. versus West Virginia State Board of Education, Civil #242, 8/19/1942 - 12/4/1942

Series: Civil Case Files, 1938 - 2003

Record Group 21: Records of District Courts of the United States, 1685 - 2009

Transcription:

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA

Charleston Division

WALTER BARNETTE,

PAUL STULL, and

LUCY McCLURE,

Plaintiffs,

v.

THE WEST VIRGINIA STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION, composed of HONORABLE W. W. TRENT, President, MARY H. DAVISSON, THELMA B. LOUDIN, RAYMOND BREWSTER, LYDIA C. HERN, W. R. VINEYARD, and MRS. DOUGLAS W. BROWN, and all other boards, officials, teachers and persons subject to the jurisdiction and control of STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION,

Defendants.

[handwritten] No. 242 [end handwritten]

COMPLAINT

To SAID HONORABLE COURT:

Now come the above named plaintiffs and complain of the above named defendants, and for a cause of action would show:

1. JURISDICTION is based upon existence of a "federal question" irrespective of the amount of money involved, in that this [handwritten open parenthesis] action arises under the Constitution and laws of the United States and involves purely and solely "civil rights" under and by virtue of the Civil Rights Act of 1871 and Section 24 (14) of the Judicial Code [28 U.S.C. 41 (14)], [handwritten close parenthesis] because this is an action brought to redress the deprivation of "civil rights" by persons acting under color of statutes and regulations of a state. The Court also has jurisdiction by virtue of Section 24 (1) of the Judicial Code [28 U.S.C. 41 (1)], in that the cause of action arises under the Constitution and laws of the United States and that as to each person for whom this action is brought the matter in contro-

[page 2]

flag means, in effect, to participate in a religious "rite" or ceremony and that the one saluting the flag ascribes salvation and protection to the thing or power which the flag stands for and represents, and that since the flag and the government it symbolizes are of the world and not of JEHOVAH GOD, it is wrong only for one in a covenant with JEHOVAH, such as each plaintiff and his children, to salute the flag, and for him to do so constitutes his denial of the supremacy of Almighty God, and contravenes God's express command set forth in Holy Write, which results in everlasting destruction by JEHOVAH of such person's right to life.

6. That plaintiffs and all other of Jehovah's witnesses for whom this action is brought at all times endeavored to instruct and inform their children of the truths including the above commandments set forth in the Word of God, the Bible. They desire to educate their children and bring them up as upright and sincere followers of Jesus Christ, all as it is their right, privilege and duty to do; that said children have been so instructed from an early age and are now and have been at all times material hereto sincere believers in God's commandments written in the Bible and have faithfully endeavored to obey such.

7. Plaintiffs are loyal to the United States and the State of West Virginia and willingly obey its laws, but they nevertheless believe that their first and highest duty is to their God and His commandments and law, and that as true followers of the Lord Jesus Christ they have no alternative except to obey God's commandments and to follow their conscientious convictions. They are willing, in lieu of participating in said flag-salute ceremony, periodically and publicly to subscribe to the following pledge, to wit:

"I have pledged my unqualified allegiance and devotion to Jehovah, the Almighty God, and to His Kingdom, for

4

[page 3]

pealed by the enactment of said Federal statute. In the event that the Court concludes that said State statutes and regulations have not been entirely annulled and repealed by the passage of said Federal statute, the plaintiffs say that the prescribed flag-salute ceremony for public schools of said State are void because expressly contrary to said Federal statute, which provides that only persons [underline] in uniform [/end underline] (of the United States Army and Navy) are required to give the military salute or engage in the flag-salute ceremony required by said State statutes and regulations thereunder promulgated by defendant-board. Furthermore, said Federal statute does not require a civilian, adult or child, to give any salute whatsoever to the national flag, and specifically does not require the giving of the salute or participation in the ceremony prescribed by the defendant-board. All that may be lawfully required of any civilian, adult or child, is merely "standing at attention", even though a child be in attendance at a public school in said State. That by reason of the foregoing the said State statutes and regulations thereunder promulgated by said defendant-board are void because in conflict with the United States Constitution and the above Federal statute.

26. That the application and enforcement of said State statutes and flag-salute regulations or any of them, against pupils who conscientiously object to participation in such ceremonial, do not instil love of liberty and democratic principles and devotion to country in the minds of the youth. The giving of the salute does not prove loyalty to the nation because any disloyal person can salute the flag so as to hide his disloyalty. The natural tendency of compelling a conscientious objector to give the salute is to hinder and obstruct loyalty to country because of attempted coercion and oppression of conscience. The enforce-

13

[page 4]

ment of said statutes and regulations in such manner diminishes respect and increases disrespect for flag and country by inspiring acts of lawlessness and violence against persons who lawfully elect to render obesiance and obedience exclusively to Almighty God, and it provides a means to conceal for every adherent of and conniver with the "fifth column" his true identity. See, in further corroboration of the above matters the booklet "God and the State", copy of which is attached hereto and made a part hereof, marked APPENDIX.

27. That the refusal of children of Jehovah's witnesses to salute the American flag or otherwise participate in the unlawfully and illegally required flag-salute ceremony does not present a clear and present danger against peaceful, lawful, proper and regular operation of any public school in said State, nor does such refusal present a clear and present danger against the peace of the law-abiding teachers and pupils of any such school. That there is no clear and present danger that any other pupils will refuse to salute the flag unless they become Jehovah's witnesses, which is most unlikely because of the extreme unpopularity of and persecution now prevailing against Jehovah's witnesses as result of persistent misrepresentation regarding their loyalty to [underlined] the government. [end underline]

28. That there is nothing in the faith or practices based upon the faith of persons for whom this action is brought that can be claimed to be contrary to morals, health, safety or welfare of the public, the State or the nation.

29. That because constitutionality and validity of State statutes of West Virginia are drawn in question, and because plaintiffs are asking for a preliminary injunction restraining the enforcement of said statutes, plaintiffs are entitled under Section 266 of the Judicial Code (28 U. S. C., Section 380, as

14

FUCK yeah got 100% on my first law library assignment for LGS 143

Now I have to write a case brief on Brown v. Board of Ed. by next Thursday

David I. Arkin was a teacher in Los Angeles in the late 1940s and early ’50s. He lost that job in the Red Scare when he refused to cooperate with McCarthy’s investigation of “un-American activities.”* So Arkin made a living as a painter, writer, and lyricist. He wrote “Black and White” in 1954 and Pete Seeger recorded a version of it a few years later, but it didn’t hit the charts until Three Dog Night’s version in 1972.

TW: ROE V WADE, MENTIONS OF SA.

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i remember learning about roe v wade in class. i so hoped and wished that it would not come to fruition, but it did. there is no way i can shake the despair of what it will be like for the women who have been sexually violated, simply cannot afford having a child, or even with the case of just not being ready to have one. there are medical practices that need abortions in order for women to live.

not only does this cut off access to safe abortions, but it opens up violations to our privacy as americans. roe v wade case indirectly is in comparison to interracial couples (plessy v ferguson, brown v board of ed) and lgbtq+ laws on the basis of our right to privacy. our 14th amendment is at stake.

here is an article that gives a proper summary and context of the situation. ive listed some organizations that you can donate to help fund clinics that help women.

abortion access fund (nebraska): link

access reproductive care-southeast (arc southeast): link

center for reproductive rights: link

guttmacher institute: link

ipas: link

indigenous women rising: link

iowa abortion access fund: link

planned parenthood: one | two

national abortion federation: link

national black women's reproductive agenda: link

national network of abortion funds: link

national women's law center: link

naral pro-choice america: link

northwest abortion access fund: link

rape, abuse & incest national network (rainn): link

reclaim mi win fund: link

reproductive freedom fund of new hampshire: link

western pennsylvania fund for choice: link

whole woman's health alliance - stigma relief fund: link

cant donate? sharing helps spread the word!

source: @/forwardmidwifery and @/so.informed on instagram.

The wildest shit is I genuinely believe that the Supreme Court did some fuckshit because in history they've never went back and gotten rid of old rulings they just had another court case ruling change the rule of thumb i.e. Plessy v Ferguson being overturned by Brown v Board of Ed. Then the fact they blatantly said gay marriage and gay rights are next is absurd to me.

yes they did. But what im concerned about is that Congresd literally isnt doing anything about it. They literally have a majority dem house. They can pass a federal law. They just dont want to because if they do they cant line their pockets for their next campaign anymore. Pelosi literally fucking did this. Just texted everyone "guys donate to me and I'll totally fix this" wth.

On Saturday morning, Texas Senator John Cornyn tweeted a racist comment along with a share of former-President Barack Obama's statement regarding Friday's Supreme Court ruling to reverse Roe v. Wade.

Obama, making his statement on Twitter on Friday morning shortly after the ruling was handed down, said "Today, the Supreme Court not only reversed nearly 50 years of precedent, it relegated the most intensely personal decision someone can make to the whims of politicians and ideologues—attacking the essential freedoms of millions of Americans."

The following morning, Cornyn shared that statement from Obama to his own Twitter account adding "Now do Plessy vs Ferguson/Brown vs Board of Education."

Brown v. Board of Education, ruled on by the Supreme Court in 1954, did historical justice in wiping away the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling, making "separate but equal" rightfully unconstitutional.

Following Cornyn's initial tweet, which received tremendous heated backlash, he fired off another one saying "Thank goodness some SCOTUS precedents are overruled."

"Let's help out less intelligent fellow Americans out," one commenter said in response to Cornyn's initial tweet. "Plessy stood as law of the land longer than Roe. That was [John Cornyn's] point. Now if liberals are arguing Brown v. Board of Ed was wrongly ruled because of long standing precedent, then they should openly say so."

That comment was retweeted by Cornyn. The following replies were not.

One commenter tweeted a photo of Cornyn with the word "racist" in red over his chest.

Another commenter shared an archival photo of a Black man drinking from a water fountain labeled "colored" and asked "You miss this sort of thing?"

And yet another out of the thousands of similar commenters shared an illustration of a Klan hood next to a MAGA hat featuring the text "Evil doesn't die, it reinvents itself."

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Conflict

John Roberts is actually right about something for once.

In support of its holding, the Court cites three seminal constitutional decisions that involved overruling prior precedents: Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), West Virginia Bd. of Ed. v. Barnette, 319 U. S. 624 (1943), and West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U. S. 379 (1937). See ante, at 40–41. The opinion in Brown was unanimous and eleven pages long; this one is neither. Barnette was decided only three years after the decision it overruled, three Justices having had second thoughts. And West Coast Hotel was issued against a backdrop of unprecedented economic despair that focused attention on the fundamental flaws of existing precedent. It also was part of a sea change in this Court’s interpretation of the Constitution, “signal[ing] the demise of an entire line of important precedents,” ante, at 40—a feature the Court expressly disclaims in today’s decision, see ante, at 32, 66. None of these leading cases, in short, provides a template for what the Court does today.

 - ROBERTS, C. J., concurring in judgment.

Even a broken clock is right twice a day.

Hi guys. Sorry I’ve been MIA again; I’ve been so busy with music work (finally, after two years) that I legit have just been keeping my head above water. And then I got sick (not covid) and the Obi-Wan series happened, and Star Wars was my first love way back when so, ya know. I didn’t even scream about the finale with @mediawhorefics yet (DON’T WORRY I WILL) because I was so swamped playing Star Wars concerts all weekend (and YEAH, the irony and the synchronicity and yes I cried and yep everyone else hates all John Williams weekends but NOT ME mutherfucker, not me!!!!! I WAS IN HEAVEN) 

But I wanted to hop on quickly and just, idk. Remind you all. I’ve been saying from the onset of being in this fandom that no one owes us a coming out. I’ve been saying that closeted people have reasons for being closeted and that we’ve been operating under the illusion that it’s safe and healthy to be out in our society, when in fact most of the world is hostile to the alphabet crew. Well. After this weekend, I hope ya’ll are realizing what I and so many other bloggers have meant. They’re coming for gay rights and marriage next. They’ve already been coming for trans rights, which has been obvious unless you live under a rock. Abortion was just the precedent they needed to topple in order to come after everything else, from Brown V board of ed, to the Indian Child Welfare act, to Loving, to marriage equality. It is NOT SAFE. To be out. In America. Those who are, are blessed with either progressive family/friends, or live in solidly blue areas. I’ve seen so many people yell from the rooftops this weekend, “don’t post about your abortions online! Don’t tell your friends! Don’t give the government data!” If you are in a position like me, let me add, don’t bravely come out to sway your creeper uncle’s point of view. Don’t post pictures of the pride parade if you know aunt carol could turn you into the fascist state in fifteen months. I know no one wants to hear this during pride month, but there’s a reason this blog doesn’t have my name or face on it. There’s a reason Toni isn’t my real name. It’s not fear mongering to realize what will likely come down the pipeline in the next two years. If you haven’t come out yet due to family/friends/location, now is not the time to be brave. That’s something I feel DEEPLY right now. Obviously I often talk about closeting as it pertains to the music industry and the homophobia of capitalist marketing strategy, but closeting can keep us safe too. It’s not shameful, and it’s not in-authentic. In fact I think the ability to come out is indeed a privilege, one that is not accessible especially to already oppressed groups. Just keep this in mind as pride month comes to a close, as protests happen, as the urge to post that snazzy sign to social media tickles you. Stay safe out there guys, I love you. 

I TOLD YOU 2016 MATTERED, i TOLD YOU THE SUPREME COURT WAS IN JEOPARDY! That LUNATIC put three judges on the bench that are STEADILY destroying democracy and just want us all dead. I’m just sick! I’m never gonna forgive the consequences folks brought us from 2016. NEVER. If they want forgiveness, take it up to their God, He forgives, I don’t and I won’t.

personally i think no supreme court justice deserves even a moments peace of privacy in the comfort of their own home or in public for as long as they live

They’re taking away everything, literally everything, I am just sick

If you don’t think Brown v Board of Ed and Loving v Virginia are next, you’re incredibly naive.

“It’s just four years”, they said. “It’ll be no big DEAL” they said, “what could he destroy in just four years” Now you seeing what that lunatic and his buddies in the grand ol party have set on fire.

2016 was the most consequential election in our lifetimes, and stupid ass people fell for the okey doke and bought into the lies of an orange pretend billionaire and the media squawking about “but her emails!” LITERALLY THE “FUNNY TWEETS” crap!!!!! The EMAILS! This is what being politically ignorant gets us. And like we keep saying .. they not done.. Do you dare act like they ain’t talking away rights for black peoples and the lgbtqa+ they’re coming for your rights too! The same SCOTUS that said yesterday that states don’t have the ability to regulate guns today gave states the power to regulate women’s bodies.

I’m just SICK to my stomach that people didn’t see this man as a literal danger and threat to democracy! He was what they BEGGED FOR after 8 years of black folks in that White House and THIS was ALWAYS gonna be the end result. it’s not about the emails it was the white males. I will never forget or forgive you for everything that has led to this point. EVER.

They voted for that loon because of racism and folks are shocked that what they asked for, they got. Do you dare act so shocked and outraged now, YOU ASKED FOR THIS! People turn a blind eye to what isn’t directly affecting them until it does. When we tell you what’s racist and the consequences of racism, you better learn to fucking listen.

13 Worst Supreme Court Decisions of All Time

Where to place Dobbs, because is supremely qualified?

By Casey C. Sullivan, Esq. on October 14, 2015 | Last updated on March 21, 2019 Every once in awhile, the Supreme Court will decide a case that has widespread social and political impact, striking down discriminatory laws, upholding cherished institutions, protecting individual liberties. But not all Supreme Court opinions are great. Most are boring, technical, and of little import to the general public.

And some are downright terrible. For every Brown v. Board of Ed., there's a Buck v. Bell. Indeed, there are enough horrendous Supreme Court opinions to fill a book, or at least a blog post, and many of the Court's worst decisions still stand as good law. Here is our overview of the 13 most terrible, horrible, no good, very bad Supreme Court decisions.

https://www.findlaw.com/legalblogs/supreme-court/13-worst-supreme-court-decisions-of-all-time/

OK, I just learned a little bit about the brown V Board of Education case that desegregated American schools, or at least started it. I have to admit that I was dumbstruck that the tiny little girl, Linda Brown who was denied entry in 1950 into a school was still alive up until 2018. She would probably still be alive today if she didn’t die at the untimely age of 75. I say this just so people are aware of how recently the civil rights era was.

Here’s an amazing video on the subject and, hopefully I’ll manage to get a screenshot of the protest posters against disaggregated schools that shows how little progress we have made at times.



Here, you see people protesting desegregation and note the poster that you can see on the right side. “Save our Christian America.“ The black community is just as high a percentage Christian as the white community. The difference in religion isn’t coming into play here. I’m sharing this with you because it’s clear that even back in the 1960s, a phrase like Christian nation, or Christian Values was already code for white supremacist values and the white supremacist vision of America. I don’t really know the story of how Christianity got so corrupted, but I thought this picture would be interesting to share. i’m sharing this with you because this horrifies me. This kind of stuff is some thing I wish I had learned when I was back in school and I think it’s the reason why critical race theory or teaching the true history of America is important because a lot of those same tactics that got used back then are being used now.