Value pf Trees

rees hold immense value for our planet and well-being. They are the lungs of the Earth, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, crucial for our survival. Trees provide habitat for wildlife, support biodiversity, and contribute to ecological balance. Their shade and cooling effects reduce urban heat, conserving energy. Additionally, they prevent soil erosion, purify water, and enhance soil fertility. Economically, trees yield resources like wood, fruits, and nuts. Beyond tangible benefits, trees offer mental and emotional respite, promoting psychological well-being. Recognizing their ecological, economic, and psychological significance, conserving and planting trees is vital for a sustainable and harmonious world.

The Magic of Street-Side Trees. Beauty, Coolness, and Urban Prosperity.

The beauty, coolness, and urban prosperity brought by street-side trees.

Trees lining urban streets are integral elements of the urban landscape, serving multiple ecological roles and socio-economic functions. In general, incorporating trees along the roads in urban areas can elevate the aesthetic appeal, regulate temperatures, and foster prosperity growth. And if our goal is to enhance the role of cities in driving economic growth and fully utilizing human resources, then we must prioritize making tangible improvements to urban environments.

Trees are crucial components for creating appealing and hospitable urban environments that enhance citizens' psychological and social well-being. They play a vital role in reducing air temperature and humidity, which helps alleviate the effects of heat waves and global warming. Trees bear witness to the history, culture, and identity of cities, which they preserve and pass on to future generations. In addition to their undeniable beauty, trees are valuable allies in the fight against climate change.

They provide a range of local benefits that are often ignored beyond the global role of absorbing carbon dioxide. This article aims to increase awareness among readers about the importance of trees for cities and the planet. It seeks to motivate all of us to value, preserve, and protect the urban tree heritage through a participatory and accountable manner that involves citizens and institutions.

Street-side trees are more than just beautiful to look at. They are an essential resource for cities, providing numerous benefits to residents' health, well-being, and quality of life. In their article on Monocolo, Paolo Massi and Giulia Papaleo highlight the main advantages of trees in urban areas. La magia degli alberi lungo le strade. Bellezza, frescura e prosperità urbana

Among the benefits that trees bring to the urban environment, we can mention:

Trees perform ecological, social, and economic functions that contribute to the well-being and development of cities. They help to reduce air pollution by capturing particles, filtering harmful gases, and producing oxygen. Trees also absorb carbon from the atmosphere and store it in their wood, making them beneficial for climate change mitigation. Additionally, trees create shade, cool the air, and reduce energy consumption for cooling buildings. They prevent flooding, improve water quality, and increase biodiversity by providing shelter and food for many species. Trees enhance the urban landscape, mitigate noise, and even increase the value of properties.

Moreover, they promote physical and mental health by stimulating physical activity, reducing stress, and improving mood and concentration.

Therefore, roadside trees are a valuable resource for cities and their inhabitants. It is critical to protect, care for, and increase them through various means, such as public policies, private actions, and guaranteed maintenance over time, recognizing their fundamental role in the quality of urban life so that maintenance, which develops jobs, in particular, is 'guaranteed' over time,

Urban forestation and eco-neighborhoods.

Urban forestation refers to designing and creating green spaces in urban and peri-urban areas to incorporate nature into the landscape. It is important to both develop new green spaces and enhance existing ones.

Eco-neighborhoods serve as an example of sustainable and livable urban environments. They are designed considering the environment and the health of their residents. Sustainability principles are followed to improve the landscape and economic assets of the urban context. The design of an environmentally sustainable neighborhood aims to reduce its environmental impact during construction, throughout its life cycle, and even during decommissioning while prioritizing the comfort of its residents. These neighborhoods are built to improve people's quality of life by emphasizing energy conservation, renewable energy, environmentally friendly materials, reducing water and waste consumption, and promoting sustainable mobility. They are tangible parts of the city that contribute to the well-being of its inhabitants.

In addition, urban forestation is another example of how urban environments can be made more livable and sustainable. We can seamlessly blend nature into the urban landscape by integrating street trees, gardens, and parks. They represent elements of nature that help purify the air we breathe, capturing pollutants, storing carbon, and mitigating the climate of cities.

In summary, street-side trees are not just a decorative element but a proper green infrastructure that improves the quality of urban life. Therefore, It is vital to encourage planting, caring for, and preserving trees in urban areas, with the participation of government institutions, businesses, and residents, in order to achieve a shared vision to promote sustainable progress.

🟠 Italiano

Intro

Gli alberi sono elementi essenziali per creare paesaggi urbani attraenti e accoglienti, che favoriscono il benessere psicologico e sociale dei cittadini. contribuiscono a ridurre la temperatura e l'umidità dell'aria, mitigando gli effetti delle ondate di calore e del riscaldamento globale. Essi sono testimoni della storia, della cultura e dell'identità delle città, che conservano e trasmettono alle generazioni future. Alleati nella lotta ai cambiamenti climatici, oltre alla loro innegabile bellezza offrono una serie di benefici locali che spesso tendiamo a trascurare (al di là dei benefici globali di assorbimento dell’anidride carbonica). Questo articolo quindi ha lo scopo di sensibilizzare i lettori sull'importanza degli alberi per le città e per il pianeta, invitandoli a conoscere, apprezzare e tutelare il patrimonio arboreo urbano coinvolgendo i cittadini e le istituzioni in un processo partecipativo e responsabile.

La magia degli alberi lungo le strade. Bellezza, frescura e prosperità urbana.

Gli alberi sono una risorsa preziosa per le città, non solo per il loro contributo alla mitigazione dei cambiamenti climatici, ma anche per i molteplici benefici che apportano alla salute, al benessere e alla qualità della vita dei cittadini. In questo articolo del Monocolo gli autori Paolo Massi e Giulia Papaleo, vogliono illustrare alcuni dei principali vantaggi che gli alberi offrono alle aree urbane e alle persone che le abitano. La magia degli alberi lungo le strade. Bellezza, frescura e prosperità urbana

La magia degli alberi lungo le strade dunque non si limita alla loro estetica. Gli alberi sono elementi essenziali per il benessere e lo sviluppo delle città, in quanto svolgono funzioni ecologiche, sociali ed economiche. Tra i vantaggi che gli alberi apportano all'ambiente urbano, possiamo citare:

Riduzione dell'inquinamento atmosferico: gli alberi catturano le particelle sospese nell'aria, filtrano i gas nocivi e producono ossigeno.

Mitigazione del cambiamento climatico: gli alberi assorbono il carbonio dall'atmosfera e lo immagazzinano nel loro legno, contribuendo a ridurre l'effetto serra.

Regolazione termica: gli alberi creano ombra e rinfrescano l'aria attraverso la traspirazione, diminuendo la temperatura e il consumo energetico per il raffreddamento degli edifici.

Conservazione del suolo e dell'acqua: gli alberi riducono l'erosione del suolo, aumentano la sua capacità di infiltrazione e ritardano il deflusso delle acque piovane, prevenendo le inondazioni e migliorando la qualità dell'acqua.

Incremento della biodiversità: gli alberi offrono rifugio e cibo a molte specie animali e vegetali, arricchendo la diversità biologica delle città.

Valorizzazione del paesaggio urbano: gli alberi creano scenari naturali, armonizzano l'architettura, attenuano il rumore e aumentano il valore immobiliare delle proprietà.

Promozione della salute e del benessere umano: gli alberi favoriscono la salute fisica e mentale delle persone, stimolando l'attività fisica, riducendo lo stress, migliorando l'umore e la concentrazione.

Gli alberi e le aiuole a verde lungo le strade sono quindi una risorsa preziosa per le città e i loro abitanti. Per questo motivo, è importante proteggerli, curarli e incrementarli, attraverso politiche pubbliche e azioni private che ne riconoscano il ruolo fondamentale per la qualità della vita urbana affinché la manutenzione, che sviluppa posti di lavoro, in particolare venga 'garantita' nel tempo.

La forestazione urbana e gli ecoquartieri

Con il termine forestazione urbana si intende la progettazione e lo sviluppo di aree verdi urbane e periurbane, facendo della natura un'importante protagonista di questo paesaggio. Chiaramente è importante non solo progettare e sviluppare nuove aree verdi, ma anche rivalorizzare e riappropriarsi di quelle esistenti.

Certo! Gli ecoquartieri sono un esempio di ambienti urbani sostenibili e vivibili. Sono quartieri costruiti nel rispetto dell’equilibrio ambientale e della salute delle persone che vi abitano. Sono conformi ai principi della sostenibilità e puntano alla valorizzazione del patrimonio paesaggistico ed economico del contesto urbano in cui sono inseriti. La progettazione di un quartiere ecosostenibile punta a ridurne l’impatto ambientale: dalla fase di costruzione, al ciclo di vita, fino alla sua dismissione, senza mai dimenticare il comfort di chi lo vive. Si tratta di vere e proprie porzioni di città edificate con l’obiettivo di innalzare il livello di qualità della vita e sono realizzate ponendo l’accento su: risparmio energetico; uso delle energie rinnovabili e di materiale ecologico; riduzione del consumo di acqua e di rifiuti; promozione della mobilità sostenibile.

Inoltre, la forestazione urbana è un altro esempio di come gli ambienti urbani possono essere resi più vivibili e sostenibili. Le alberature stradali, i giardini e i parchi urbani rappresentano degli elementi di natura che contribuiscono a purificare l’aria che respiriamo, catturando sostanze inquinanti, immagazzinando carbonio e mitigando il clima delle città.

Come si può notare, gli alberi lungo le strade non sono solo un elemento decorativo, ma una vera e propria infrastruttura verde che migliora la qualità della vita urbana. Per questo motivo, è importante promuovere la piantumazione, la manutenzione e la protezione degli alberi nelle città, coinvolgendo le amministrazioni pubbliche, le imprese e i cittadini in una visione condivisa di sviluppo sostenibile.

images created by The Board Behind © 2023

More related topics on this matter you might like:

Landscape Architecture: self-reflection on improving and enhancing our cities' run-down suburbs. English /Italian

Give color to the city to celebrate the joy of living.

I appreciate your kind presence and attention on this matter. Thank you for joining us today.

⏩ The Board Behind

Selection from "Widening the Dialogue to Narrow the Gap in Health Disparities: Approaches to Fat Black Lesbian and Bisexual Women's Health Promotion," Bianca D.M. Wilson, in The Fat Studies Reader, ed. Esther Rothblum and Sondra Solovay, 2009.

Although the relationships between weight and health are unclear, major systemic factors experienced by many Black lesbians and bisexual women, such as racism, anti-fat discrimination, sexism, poverty, violence, and heterosexism, are powerful detractors from health (physical, emotional, and mental) and should be considered in a meaningful way as targets for public health intervention. The health consequences of various intersecting oppressions on the lives of Black lesbians and bisexual women can be understood and addressed at individual, interpersonal, and systemic levels. At the individual level, it may be fruitful to examine empirically the moderating effects of psychological stress due to the experience of intersecting forms of oppression on the physiological health of fat Black lesbian and bisexual women. That is, what are the psychologically mediated health effects of discrimination due to being a fat, Black, sexual minority woman? Drawing from the broader research on the psychophysiological effects of stress, Black scholars have studied the direct relationships between racism and various indicators of health among African Americans (see Bowen-Reid & Harrell, 2002, for review; see also Clark, Anderson, Clark, & Williams,1999). Through these studies, they have illustrated that in addition to genetics and behavior, structural forces such as discrimination and systemic oppression affect health, potentially through the physiological effects of stress (McEwen & Seeman, 1999). An ecologically valid approach to fat Black lesbian and bisexual women’s health would avoid a narrow focus on weight loss and expand the levels of analysis to identify additional important factors affecting health within this community. Once we commit to studying the effects of contextual factors on health in African American and lesbian/bisexual women’s communities, thereby expanding a medical model that is currently neither focused on nor equipped to address systemic factors associated with health, we will increase our capacity to develop effective health promotion programs. Public health researchers and interventionists can work with community, health, and social psychologists, as well as community organizers, to promote oppression coping and  resistance strategies that optimize our chances of buffering the physiological effects of systemic discrimination due to size, sexuality, race, and gender.

Research that accounts for the effects of oppression on the lives of fat Black lesbian and bisexual women through physiological responses would the hopefully also lead to contextually focused interventions that directly target structural roots of oppression that serve as barriers to those women’s wellness. Such interventions may be in the form of legislative and political action, such as targeting discriminatory health insurance company policies that deny insurance to people who are categorized as overweight or obese regardless of other markers of health. These policies leave many fat Black lesbian and bisexual women un- or underinsured (which is particularly troubling because these individuals are already at high risk for being underinsured as Blacks, sexual minorities, and women). Other forms of structural interventions include culture work through the arts to raise awareness and encourage critical dialogue about the ways that fat Black lesbian and bisexual women exhibit health in their everyday resistance to oppression. Although suggesting these strategies for social change is not in and of itself innovative on my part (as I have borrowed these ideas from the many activists in my life), it would require a radical shift in current public health strategies to view environmental, power structure, and cultural change as equally, if not more, important work than discrete health behavior change. For example, over twelve years ago Angela Davis (1994), in her essay “Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired: The Politics of Black Women’s Health,” advocated for structural health interventions that increased access to health care and opportunities for overall well-being, such as the eradication of poverty and the creation of a universal health care system. Specific to the effects of racism on health, but relevant to the study of the effects of multiple forms of oppression on Black lesbian and bisexual women’s health, Krieger (2003, p. 197) similarly argued, “The point is that neglecting study of the health impact of racism means that explanations for and interventions to alter population distributions of health, disease, and well-being will be incomplete and potentially misleading, if not outright harmful.”

For fat Black lesbian and bisexual women, it is important to note that in addition to racism, we must also negotiate the realities of heterosexism (Eliason & Schope, 2001), sexism (Krieger & Fee, 1994), and anti-fat bias (Harvey & Hill, 2001) within the health care system. The fact that fat Black  lesbian and bisexual women sit at the intersections of all these marginalized identities cannot be overlooked in our efforts to acknowledge the ecology of our health care experiences. Typically, however, larger-than-average weight among Black women is viewed as  a symptom of the deleterious effects of other forms of oppression, and the effects of anti-fat bias within society (including within the health professions) on Black women’s health are often ignored. I have heard numerous fat Black lesbian and bisexual women say that health providers willingly ignore their reported symptoms and concerns, choosing instead to reduce all health complaints to symptoms of their weight or a combination of being Black and fat. Anecdotally, this type of dismissive and frustrating experience that fat patients have with their health providers appears to lead to poor care, and in many cases patients eventually choose to stop accessing the health care system altogether. Research claiming that weight is highly predictive of the health statuses of people of any group systematically discriminated against by health providers is incomplete without an analysis of the confounding effects of low-quality healthcare. To what extent does poor treatment in health care systems due to size, race, gender, or sexuality account for previously identified correlations among weight, disease, and death for fat women? How do problematic, as well as positive, experiences with health care providers affect health care access rates among fat Black lesbian and bisexual women? In turn, do limited health care access behaviors in response to negative experiences with providers predict future health problems? These are some of the questions that researchers would be asking if they approached the study of health among fat people without an anti-fat bias and if they considered the full ecology of fat Black sexual minority women’s health care. Research addressing questions like these can also help inform health provider–focused interventions designed to reduce negative biases against any and all of the communities to which fat Black lesbian and bisexual women belong.

Currently, there are various forms of cultural competency trainings that have been designed to address heterosexist, racist, and sexist policies and procedures in the health care system. A next step would be to develop and disseminate trainings that also address the stigma experienced by fat people, particularly because contemporary fat prejudice is partially justified through medically based arguments (Campos, 2004). With adequate health care and freedom from oppression, what would fat Black sexual minority women’s health look like? A paradigm shift whereby health is truly constructed as a sociocultural phenomenon as much as a physiological one would lead to systemic-level interventions in which social justice work becomes a viable form of public health intervention.

Neither Placating nor Destroying Black Lesbian Women’s Culture

Though moving toward a social change paradigm in public health is an ideal that I hold, I recognize that this may be, at the least, a slow-moving shift. Given this, we still must determine appropriate ways to pursue various forms of individual-level interventions that promote health and well-being in Black women’s communities. I argue that our efforts to target health behaviors, however, should be grounded in the cultural values of Black sexual minority communities. Research suggests that both African American and lesbian communities, separately and at their intersections, have greater appreciation for women of larger-than-average sizes than that of the dominant, patriarchal, Euro-centered, heterosexist society. African American women have been found to exhibit lesser levels of body dissatisfaction as compared to White women, despite being generally heavier than White women (Celio, Zabinski, & Wilfley, 2002; see also Lovejoy 2001, for review). Also complementing the perspective that “big” is or can be beautiful, my own anecdotal experiences in Black communities have illustrated that heavier women have often been noted to be associated with health by the use of the term “healthy” to describe larger-than-average, attractive women. Similarly, lesbian participants in body image research have reported lower levels of body dissatisfaction as compared to heterosexual females (Owens, Hughes, & Owens-Nicholson, 2003; Rothblum, 2002). Although these studies’ representations of African American and lesbian communities as accepting of large body sizes may not fully capture the complexity of esteem and body image among these groups, the empirical literature does suggest that there may be existing cultural values among these minority groups that support a higher value of body size diversity than found in mainstream U.S. culture.

As such, the relationship between the public health industry and African American and lesbian communities’ culturally based values regarding body image is at a contentious place. Although many African American lesbians may appreciate body diversity and even view larger bodies as healthy, we are constantly confronted with the medical industry’s view of our large bodies as inherently diseased and problematic. Several researchers examining weight among African American women and lesbians have called for culturally specific approaches to health promotion efforts that take this tension into account, but their intent appears to be to identify ways to sensitively get Black women to be thinner (Lovejoy, 2001; Yancey, Leslie, & Abel, 2006). Yet scholars have not adequately provided evidence that smaller bodies will equal greater health among African American or sexual minority women, which would justify the risk of changing a community’s healthy norms toward body diversity. Though the practice of culturally grounding health promotion work may involve challenging cultural norms and values that promote illness and disease transmission (Wilson & Miller, 2003), the goal of public health work should not be to convince a group of people that their sense of themselves is inherently unhealthy and problematic. Rather than a focus on weight loss, an approach that balances cultural beliefs of beauty and health with well-intended health promotion messages to encourage healthy nutrition intake and physical activity would be most appropriate. For example, health promotion programs that facilitate all Black lesbian and bisexual women, not just those who are fat, to maintain physically active lives and to eat foods that help them maintain that lifestyle would be a start in the right direction. This type of program communicates the importance of nutrition and activity in the lives of all people, and does not make erroneous assumptions of health status based on weight, categorizing fat women as “needing” healthy foods and exercise while categorizing thin women as “fine the way they are.”

If you love our country, please read this article, and continue to work to save our democracy. And stay hopeful!

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The despair felt by climate scientists and environmentalists watching helplessly as something precious and irreplaceable is destroyed is sometimes described as “climate grief.” Those who pay close attention to the ecological calamity that civilization is inflicting upon itself frequently describe feelings of rage, anxiety and bottomless loss, all of which are amplified by the right’s willful denial. The young activist Greta Thunberg, Time magazine’s 2019 Person of the Year, has described falling into a deep depressionafter grasping the ramifications of climate change and the utter refusal of people in power to rise to the occasion: “If burning fossil fuels was so bad that it threatened our very existence, how could we just continue like before?”

Lately, I think I’m experiencing democracy grief. For anyone who was, like me, born after the civil rights movement finally made democracy in America real, liberal democracy has always been part of the climate, as easy to take for granted as clean air or the changing of the seasons. When I contemplate the sort of illiberal oligarchy that would await my children should Donald Trump win another term, the scale of the loss feels so vast that I can barely process it.

After Trump’s election, a number of historians and political scientists rushed out with books explaining, as one title put it, “How Democracies Die.” In the years since, it’s breathtaking how much is dead already. Though the president will almost certainly be impeached for extorting Ukraine to aid his re-election, he is equally certain to be acquitted in the Senate, a tacit confirmation that he is, indeed, above the law. His attorney general is a shameless partisan enforcer. Professional civil servants are purged, replaced by apparatchiks. The courts are filling up with young, hard-right ideologues. One recently confirmed judge, 40-year-old Steven Menashi, has written approvingly of ethnonationalism.

In “How Democracies Die,” Professors Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt of Harvard describe how, in failing democracies, “the referees of the democratic game were brought over to the government’s side, providing the incumbent with both a shield against constitutional challenges and a powerful — and ‘legal’ — weapon with which to assault its opponents.” This is happening before our eyes.

The entire Trump presidency has been marked, for many of us who are part of the plurality that despises it, by anxiety and anger. But lately I’ve noticed, and not just in myself, a demoralizing degree of fear, even depression. You can see it online, in the self-protective cynicism of liberals announcing on Twitter that Trump is going to win re-election. In The Washington Post, Michael Gerson, a former speechwriter for George W. Bush and a Never Trump conservative, described his spiritual struggle against feelings of political desperation: “Sustaining this type of distressed uncertainty for long periods, I can attest, is like putting arsenic in your saltshaker.”

I reached out to a number of therapists, who said they’re seeing this politically induced misery in their patients. Three years ago, said Karen Starr, a psychologist who practices in Manhattan and on Long Island, some of her patients were “in a state of alarm,” but that’s changed into “more of a chronic feeling that’s bordering on despair.” Among those most affected, she said, are the Holocaust survivors she sees. “It’s about this general feeling that the institutions that we rely on to protect us from a dangerous individual might fail,” she said.

Kimberly Grocher, a psychotherapist who works in both New York and South Florida, and whose clients are primarily women of color, told me that during her sessions, the political situation “is always in the room. It’s always in the room.” Trump, she said, has made bigotry more open and acceptable, something her patients feel in their daily lives. “When you’re dealing with people of color’s mental health, systemic racism is a big part of that,” she said.

In April 2017, I traveled to suburban Atlanta to cover the special election in the Sixth Congressional District. Meeting women there who had been shocked by Trump’s election into ceaseless political action made me optimistic for the first time that year. These women were ultimately the reason that the district, once represented by Newt Gingrich, is now represented by a Democrat, Lucy McBath. Recently, I got back in touch with a woman I’d met there, an army veteran and mother of three named Katie Landsman. She was in a dark place.

“It’s like watching someone you love die of a wasting disease,” she said, speaking of our country. “Each day, you still have that little hope no matter what happens, you’re always going to have that little hope that everything’s going to turn out O.K., but every day it seems like we get hit by something else.” Some mornings, she said, it’s hard to get out of bed. “It doesn’t feel like depression,” she said. “It really does feel more like grief.”

Obviously, this is hardly the first time that America has failed to live up to its ideals. But the ideals themselves used to be a nearly universal lodestar. The civil rights movement, and freedom movements that came after it, succeeded because the country could be shamed by the distance between its democratic promises and its reality. That is no longer true.

Democrats and anti-Trump Republicans are often incredulous seeing the party of Ronald Reagan allied with Vladimir Putin’s Russia, but the truth is, there’s no reason they should be in conflict. The enmity between America and Russia was ideological. First it was liberal democracy versus communism. Then it was liberal democracy versus authoritarian kleptocracy.

But Trump’s political movement is pro-authoritarian and pro-oligarch. It has no interest in preserving pluralism, free and fair elections or any version of the rule of law that applies to the powerful as well as the powerless. It’s contemptuous of the notion of America as a lofty idea rather than a blood-and-soil nation. Russia, which has long wanted to prove that liberal democracy is a hypocritical sham, is the natural friend of the Trumpist Republican Party, just as it’s an ally and benefactor of the far right Rassemblement National in France and the Lega Nord in Italy.

The nemeses of the Trumpist movement are liberals — in both the classical and American sense of the world — not America’s traditional geopolitical foes. This is something new in our lifetime. Despite right-wing persecution fantasies about Barack Obama, we’ve never before had a president who treats half the country like enemies, subjecting them to an unending barrage of dehumanization and hostile propaganda. Opponents in a liberal political system share at least some overlapping language. They have some shared values to orient debates. With those things gone, words lose their meaning and political exchange becomes impossible and irrelevant.

Thus we have a total breakdown in epistemological solidarity. In the impeachment committee hearings, Republicans insist with straight faces that Trump was deeply concerned about corruption in Ukraine. Republican senators like Ted Cruz of Texas, who is smart enough to know better, repeat Russian propaganda accusing Ukraine of interfering in the 2016 election. The Department of Justice’s inspector general’s report refutes years of Republican deep state conspiracy theories about an F.B.I. plot to subvert Trump’s campaign, and it makes no difference whatsoever to the promoters of those theories, who pronounce themselves totally vindicated.

To those who recognize the Trump administration’s official lies as such, the scale of dishonesty can be destabilizing. It’s a psychic tax on the population, who must parse an avalanche of untruths to understand current events. “What’s going on in the government is so extreme, that people who have no history of overwhelming psychological trauma still feel crazed by this,” said Stephanie Engel, a psychiatrist in Cambridge, Mass., who said Trump comes up “very frequently” in her sessions.

Like several therapists I spoke to, Engel said she’s had to rethink how she practices, because she has no clinical distance from the things that are terrifying her patients. “If we continue to present a facade — that we know how to manage this ourselves, and we’re not worried about our grandchildren, or we’re not worried about how we’re going to live our lives if he wins the next election — we’re not doing our patients a service,” she said.

This kind of political suffering is uncomfortable to write about, because liberal misery is the raison d’être of the MAGA movement. When Trumpists mock their enemies for being “triggered,” it’s just a quasi-adult version of the playground bully’s jeer: “What are you going to do, cry?” Anyone who has ever been bullied knows how important it is, at that moment, to choke back tears. In truth, there are few bigger snowflakes than the stars of MAGA world. The Trumpist pundit Dan Bongino is currently suing The Daily Beast for $15 million, saying it inflicted “emotional distress and trauma, insult, anguish,” for writing that NRATV, the National Rifle Association’s now defunct online media arm, had “dropped” him when the show he hosted ended. Still, a movement fueled by sadism will delight in admissions that it has caused pain.

But despair is worth discussing, because it’s something that organizers and Democratic candidates should be addressing head on. Left to fester, it can lead to apathy and withdrawal. Channeled properly, it can fuel an uprising. I was relieved to hear that despite her sometimes overwhelming sense of civic sadness, Landsman’s activism hasn’t let up. She’s been spending a bit less than 20 hours a week on political organizing, and expects to go back to 40 or more after the holidays. “The only other option is to quit and accept it, and I’m not ready to go there yet,” she said. Democracy grief isn’t like regular grief. Acceptance isn’t how you move on from it. Acceptance is itself a kind of death.

Innovative Functional Regenerative Medicine

Innovative Medicine is about restoring your body and mind’s power to heal itself by tapping into your own healing potential. The art of medicine is to understand and to anticipate a dysfunctional organism to help restoring itself to its full potential. There is an inevitable link between physical and mental health. The human body reacts to emotional and mental stress and distress. Innovative medicine recognizes this. A variety of approaches and therapies are incorporated that include psychological and emotional factors. These factors are often – but not always – entangled with a need for lifestyle adjustments or spiritual therapies. Spiritual therapies may include spiritual counseling, meditation, consciousness practices, and more. Often health care professionals don’t give any attention to this factor. Spirituality has such a vast space of manifestation that only a few dare taking the risk to integrate it in their approach of healing. It’s linked to connections within the universe and a moderate understanding of our existence. Innovative Medicine understands the spiritual association when it comes to wellbeing and health. Spirituality is closely related to mental wellbeing. Researchers found that stress and depression are linked to a decreased immune response. These aspects leave the human body susceptible to disease and may be the ultimate cause of one’s illness. Innovative Medicine emphasizes lifestyle changes as a considerable and important part of living a healthy life. It can impact a person’s physical, emotional, spiritual, and mental state. In Innovative Medicine, lifestyle factors aren’t limited to diet and exercise. These factors also involve stress-related mechanisms, relationships, and psychological consequences associated with psycho-emotional therapy methods. A sense of purpose or a person’s general happiness may also contribute to disease or illness. Innovative Medicine takes everything into account. It recognizes that acupuncture, TCM, Reiki, ‘qi’ therapy types, Ayurveda, homeopathy, herbology, emotional techniques, spiritual practices, and therapeutic touch energy therapies benefit certain individuals. It also realizes that great advancements have been made in energy medicine. We live in a global world where the East meet the West and there should not be preferential therapies based on religious, philosophical, cultural or financial preferences. A Doctor works with the noble purpose to help a human being in moments of pain, disability and sickness to the best of his ability with the tools he has to his disposition under whatever circumstances. He will never act to purposely, consciously and willingly harm any human being. There is a very fine silver lining between what is called innovative and functional medicine. But in both we can observe a new born unique approach towards health and wellbeing. A honest whole evaluation that considers the human being as a complex organism where all internal mechanism are connected and function with each other as well with the outer world. It will be very difficult to create health in an ecological sick and destroyed planet.The goal of Functional Medicine is to promote health and vitality in each patient. Practitioners examine each patient’s lifestyle and unique biochemical factors to identify the underlying causes of their disease and find treatments that help return patients to optimal health. Functional Medicine is holistic, one clinician looks at all aspects of the patient and focuses on prevention and health promoting lifestyle changes with sustainable treatments that address the underlying causes of dysfunction. Restoring patients to health Functional Medicine addresses the underlying causes of disease, using a systems-oriented approach and engaging both patient and practitioner in a therapeutic partnership. It is an evolution in the practice of medicine that better addresses the healthcare needs of the 21st century.By shifting the traditional disease-centered focus of medical practice to a more patient-centered approach, Functional Medicine addresses the whole person, not just an isolated set of symptoms.Functional Medicine practitioners spend time with their patients, listening to their histories and looking at the interactions among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that can influence long-term health and complex, chronic disease. In this way, Functional Medicine supports the unique expression of health and vitality for each individual. Functional Medicine incorporates the latest in genetic science, systems biology, and understanding of how environmental and lifestyle factors influence the emergence and progression of disease. Functional Medicine enables physicians and other health professionals to practice proactive, predictive, personalized medicine and empowers patients to take an active role in their own health. The most important factors, and the ones we examine first when gathering information about the patient, are the foundational lifestyle factors; sleep, exercise, nutrition, stress levels, relationships, and genetics. These are the roots and soil, which are in turn influenced by specific predisposing factors (antecedents), discrete events (triggers), and ongoing physiological processes (mediators), and may then result in fundamental imbalances at the trunk. These can eventually result in the signs and symptoms that are grouped into a diagnosable constellation that we call disease. Functional Medicine is a systems biology–based approach that focuses on identifying and addressing the root cause of disease. Each symptom or differential diagnosis may be one of many contributing to an individual’s illness.A diagnosis can be the result of more than one cause. For example, depression can be caused by many different factors, including inflammation. Likewise, a cause such as inflammation may lead to a number of different diagnoses, including depression. The precise manifestation of each cause depends on the individual’s genes, environment, and lifestyle, and only treatments that address the right cause will have lasting benefit beyond symptom suppression.It is an approach to health care that conceptualizes health and illness as part of a continuum in which all components of the human biological system interact dynamically with the environment, producing patterns and effects that change over time.

DOCTORS LIST

Lisa M Bixby Dr. MD | Innovative | 1532 Salt Point, Tpke, New York 12569

Peter R.Breggin, MD | Psychiatrist | 101 Easte State Street, #112, Ithaca, New York 14850

Yashoda Bhaskar Dr. Lifestyle Medicine Specialist | Innovative | Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, USA

Jennifer Chevinsky Dr. MD Physician, Lifestyle Medicine Specialist  | Innovative | Atlanta, GA, USA

Lori Carnsew Dr. Lifestyle Medicine Specialist | Innovative | 118 S Pendleton St, Easley, SC, USA

Joshua Cusick-Lewis Dr. MD, MPH, Family Practitioner | Innovative | Robert C. Byrd Clinical Teaching Center 5th Floor, 3200 MacCorkle Ave SE, Charleston, WV 25304, USA

Justin Charles Dr. MD Physician Lifestyle Medicine | Innovative | New Haven, CT, USA

Caldwell Esselstyn Dr. Surgeon, Cleveland Clinic Wellness Institute | Innovative | 1950 Richmond Road Lyndhurst, Ohio 44124

Joel Fuhrman Dr. Wellness Center, Specializing in Nutritional Medicine & Lifestyle Counseling and Coaching | Innovative | 4 Walter E. Foran Blvd, Suite 409 NJ 08822

Michael Greger Dr. | Innovative | P.O. Box 11400 Park, MD 20913

Steven Gundry Dr. | MD, FACS, FACC | 9465 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 300 Beverly Hills, CA 90212

Jennifer Hetrick Dr. Family Practitioner, Lifestyle Medicine Specialist    | Innovative | 885 High Street, Suite 107; Worthington, OH, USA

David Katz Dr., MD, MPH | Innovative | 1001 Woodward Ave., Suite 500 Detroit, MI 48226

Anitha Kankar Dr. General Practice Doctor | Innovative | 8040 Van Nuts Blvd

Lori Lindbergh Health Coach, Ph. D. | Innovative | 2691 Bedford Street, Johnstown, PA 15904, USA

Philip Memoji Dentist D.M.D, F.A.G.D., F.I.N.D., C.N/C. | Innovative | 438 Springfield Ave Suite #3, Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922, USA

Peter Osborne Dr. | Innovative | 7616 Branford Pl #110, Sugar Land, TX 77479

Jay Pennock Dr.  Physician| functional | 301 Center Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

Pamela A. Popper Dr. PhD President Wellness Forum Health | functional |

Danae Perkins Dr., Family Practitioner | Innovative | 1150 North Sister Catherine Way, Nampa, ID, USA

Iris publishers-Online Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine (OJCAM)

The Ecological Approach to Public Health Root Causes

Authored by Colin G Pennington*

The Ecological Model

Traditional approaches to public health and the health initiative have been flawed. A modern body of research in public health has been successful in demonstrating why the novel ecological approach to health and wellness is necessary to encourage wellness and foster permanent lifestyle and behavioral modification. In addition, the ecological approach is important in order to develop an understanding of root causes of inequities and discriminations, which lead to unhealthy behaviors or conditions in which individuals struggle to prosper. A traditional definition of the ecological perspective in public health implies reciprocal causation between the individual and the environment from micro- to macrolevels [1] for example, the host-agent-environment model of ecology in public health. The ecological model, as described by Minkler [2], is composed of intra- and inter-personal factors, community and organizational factors, public policies which are interdependent levels of analysis to be considered. This conception is much more appropriate for a public health perspective. Individual’s developmental histories and their social support systems; the organizational structures and process that can positively or negatively affect health behavior; community networks and power structures; and both the content of our public policies and the role of participation, advocacy, and other process in their formation all are key component of a broad ecological perspective in health.

Upstream and Downstream Approaches Against Root Causes

Public health advocates have often argued that public health scholars should address the ‘causes of the causes’ while also addressing the ‘root of the causes’. Literature exploring racial injustice from a public health perspective [3,4] echo this argument. Using the socio-cultural conditions of the St. Louis suburb as a case study, should we health professionals search upstream for solely the root of the causes, ignoring all subsequent causes, failing to address downstream needs brought on by the Root cause, we would not find a tangible object upon which to institute change – rather, we would face an ideology [racism] as the target for change. Ferguson came to be deeply segregated (predominantly black), deeply impoverished, and undereducated by way of racist policies of the federal, state, and local governments. The end result was “de facto” segregation. The belief that segregation is the result of accident, income difference, private discrimination, or the unintended result of race-neutral policy – is mythical. Rather it is deliberate segregation, brought on by policy [3,4]. Sadly, there is nothing unique about racial history in Ferguson – many municipalities in the US operated) in the same manner. But if public health officials and professionals aimed solely at defeating the ideal of racism (upstream approach) in effort to improve the health and wellbeing of communities under the effect of institutionalized racism, they would be missing important opportunities to improve present-day conditions for the effected populations along the way (using downstream approaches). Years and decades will pass before measurable improvements to racially divided communities could be felt, yet the citizens living under such present-day conditions could still feel the benefit of microlevel improvements (e.g. installing playgrounds in a segregated community to encourage physical activity; passing legislation to ban the sale of liquor and firearms in living communities; institute re-training programs for police forces, et cetera). I recognize that simply building parks, sidewalks, and cosmetic changes to low socio-economic and minority neighborhoods are superficial improvements, fails to illuminate the macro-problems. It is, in fact, why health professionals must continue to swim upstream, discover and address root causes [5], so we may attack the problem [ideological racism and the tangible consequences] from both sides.

The relationships between social factors and health are easily identified, but not simply explained. Half of all deaths in the United States (US) can be attributed to behavior. Naturally, health behaviors are shape by social factors – income, education, employment [5]. It is accepted that potentially avoidable factors associated with lower educational status account for half of US adult deaths per year. This indicates a connection between social factors and health. Some connections to social factors and health are more direct (e.g. lead ingestion in substandard housing, pollutants in less affluent neighborhoods, et cetera). Additional socio-economic connections include exposure to violence in low socio-economic neighborhoods increase the likelihood that youth will perpetuate violence, exposure to alcoholism in youth increases likelihood of misuse of alcohol in adulthood [4]. Some connections are less direct (e.g. poor neighborhoods have fewer recreational facilities potentially attributing to the adoption of a sedentary lifestyle of neighborhood youth; chronic childhood stress leading to drug use, and the domino effect thereafter).

Education: A Mid-Stream Solution

There are noteworthy challenges to studying upstream socioeconomic and other factors’ effect on health. For instance, these conditions cannot be observed through traditional experimentation. Additionally, there is a long lag time for any health benefits to be expressed [5]. Because of these reasons, identifying long-term successful interventions to causes and root causes has been challenging. I believe one mid-stream intervention for promoting and achieving goals in public health is to address the disparity in education among disenfranchised populations. Education is a strong predictor of health, so reducing K-12 school dropouts should be a priority for health professionals – most notably in minority groups who tend to be less healthy and experience a higher dropout rate. Freudenberg and Ruglis [6] identified several healthrelated reasons for dropouts: pregnancy, psychological, emotional, and behavioral problems, and mental illness. A more developed education leads to higher paying jobs. More money means house in safer neighborhoods, healthier food, better medical care and health insurance. Achieving a more developed education could save more lives than advances in medicine [6]. Many interventions aimed at addressing health related dropouts have been limitedly successful. I echo sentiments advocating for increased focus on reducing dropout rates – the expectation being a measurably positive effect on health and wellness.

To read more about this article: https://irispublishers.com/ojcam/fulltext/the-ecological-approach-to-public-health-root-causes.ID.000630.php

Indexing List of Iris Publishers: https://medium.com/@irispublishers/what-is-the-indexing-list-of-iris-publishers-4ace353e4eee

Iris publishers google scholar citations:

https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=irispublishers&btnG=

7 imbalances that may hinder weight-loss efforts

Have you been unable to drop weight even with diet and exercise? Despite how an inequality manifests outside, the interior truth stays the exact same-- lots of hormone inequalities result in trouble shedding weight as well as a boosted risk of obesity. Unfortunately, one of the most common imbalances can not be solved by dieting alone. As a matter of fact, they can prevent effective fat loss even when excellent diet as well as workout strategies are in place. If you haven't succeeded in the past, chances are, several the following hormonal inequalities could be your culprit:

1. Inflammation Digestive disorders, allergic reactions, autoimmune condition, arthritis, asthma, eczema, acne, abdominal fat, headaches, anxiety as well as sinus problems are related to chronic swelling, which has actually become recognized as a root cause of obesity and also numerous diseases connected with aging, like Alzheimer's, heart disease, and also cancer. At the 2007 Postgraduate Nutrition Symposium at Harvard University, scientists exposed searchings for recommending that swelling and excess insulin are the major factors to climbing rates of type 2 diabetes and the rising obesity rates of North America.

2. Insulin resistance Insulin is an important compound whose major function is to regulate glucose in the bloodstream as well as enable cells to utilize it as gas or kept as fat.

When you have insulin resistance, your cells fail to react correctly to insulin, which causes your pancreatic to produce and also launch much more insulin. High insulin levels urge your body to keep extra glucose as fat, as well as blocks making use of saved fat as an energy source.

High insulin levels, weight problems, high lipid degrees and also insulin resistance all define a disorder called hyperinsulinema, which could be a forerunner to diabetes. The leading danger variables are being obese or obese, or leading a less active lifestyle.

Here are 7 methods to improve you insulin sensitivity.

3. Low serotonin Serotonin exerts an effective influence over our state of mind, feelings, memory, yearnings (particularly for carbs), self-worth, discomfort resistance, sleep routines, cravings, digestion and body temperature level policy. When we're clinically depressed or down, we normally crave much more sugars and starches to promote the release of serotonin.

Plenty of sunlight, supplementing your diet regimen with a B vitamin, and also routine exercise all support serotonin. When we gauge our current way of life against all the components needed for the body's all-natural production of serotonin, the occurrence of reduced serotonin is certainly not surprising.

4. Chronic stress Under scenarios of persistent stress-- whether the tension is physical, psychological, psychological or ecological, genuine or thought of - our bodies launch high quantities of the hormonal agent cortisol. If you have a condition like stress and anxiety, clinical depression, or post-traumatic stress condition, or if you have a digestion problem such as irritable digestive tract disorder, you could bet your body is cranking up your cortisol. With a challenging network of hormone interactions, elevated cortisol results in a surging appetite (specifically cravings for carbohydrates), stubborn belly fat and also a loss of hard-won muscle tissue, elevated blood sugar level, and natural fat storage.

Did you understand that office stress and anxiety can be as poisonous to your body as pre-owned smoke? Have a look at some ideas to stay calm and beat stress.

5. High estrogen Researchers have actually identified excess estrogen (in both sexes) to be a threat element for obesity. Researchers have located that estrogen receptors in the brains of pets are responsible for controlling foo consumption, power expense, as well as body fat distribution.

There are two means to accumulate excess estrogen in the body: we either produce also much of it on our own or acquire it from our atmosphere or diet plan. We're frequently revealed to estrogen-like substances in foods that contain poisonous chemicals, herbicides and also development hormones. A premenopausal woman with estrogen prominence will likely have PMS, way too much body fat around the hips and trouble dropping weight. Menopausal ladies might experience low sex drive, memory loss, bad inspiration, clinical depression, loss of muscular tissue mass and also increased belly fat.

6. Low testosterone Testosterone improves sex drive, bone thickness, muscle mass, strength, motivation, memory, fat burning and complexion in both men and women. When testosterone is reduced, a rise of body fat and loss of muscle mass could still happen-- even with weight loss and also exercise.

Testosterone degrees have the tendency to reduce with age, enhanced excessive weight and also anxiety, however today males are experiencing testosterone decrease a lot previously in life - a disconcerting finding, taking into consideration reduced testosterone has been connected to clinical depression, excessive weight, weakening of bones, cardiovascular disease as well as death.

Dr. Mitchell Harman, an endocrinologist at the College of Arizona University of Medicine, blames the spreading of endocrine-suppressing, estrogen-like compounds made use of in pesticides and various other farming chemicals for the descending fad in male testosterone levels. Phthalates, typically discovered in cosmetics, soaps and most plastics are an additional well-known reason for testosterone suppression.

7. Hypothyroidism Without enough thyroid hormonal agent, every system in the body reduces. Those who struggle with hypothyroidism really feel exhausted, tend to sleep a great deal, experience irregular bowel movements and weight gain commonly occurs. Incredibly dry skin, loss of hair, slower mental processes, feeling chilly, breakable hair, splitting nails, infertility, inadequate memory, anxiety, decreased sex drive as well as an inability to slim down are also symptoms to enjoy for.

Nature as a commodity : What's good for human health might not be good for Ecosystem Health

Are you getting enough Vitamin N?  in response to growing evidence that suggests humans are increasingly disinterested with and disconnected from the natural world.

Biodiversity in all landscapes, including urban ones, provides humans with essential ecosystem services, such as food provisioning, climate and flood regulation, nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and pollution reduction (Elmqvist et al., 2015). Frameworks have been proposed for evaluating the economic value of biodiversity (Edwards and Abivardi, 1998), with more recent approaches acknowledging the interplay between social well-being, economic sustainability, and biodiversity and ecosystem function 

These socio-cultural valuation techniques recognize that biodiversity provides society with benefits, such as mental well-being, ethical, spiritual and cultural values, as well as economic values. Psychological well-being benefits have been positively associated with the number of species perceived by people in the environments around them (Fuller et al., 2007; Dallimer et al., 2012). Loss of biodiversity reduces the efficiency by which ecological communities perform ecosystem services, as well as the stability of ecosystem function over time 

The role that urban nature can play in enhancing psychological and physical well-being and reducing health-related costs could be seen by those advocating for the protection and restoration of urban biodiversity and ecosystem function as a positive outcome, suggesting a need to place greater value on biodiverse urban spaces. 

Another, less positive, scenario is that the connection between human health and nature might threaten the ecological integrity of urban green spaces by commodifying nature, especially if green spaces are designed and managed for human health benefits alone, with little concern for supporting biodiversity or ecosystem services. In this latter scenario, nature could become a “pill” with only those aspects of nature that most strongly influence human health and wellbeing considered to be important in the design process.

However, research also indicates green spaces have direct positive effects on psychological health and well-being (Pretty et al., 2006; Barton et al., 2016). Green prescriptions can, therefore, be an important contribution to public health, and strategies to encourage the adoption of green prescriptions have been proposed (Van den Berg, 2017).

While green prescriptions and recommendations on the frequency and duration of exposure to nature might seem helpful, or at least benign, Stanley et al. (2015) argue that considering nature in this way has detrimental consequences for biodiversity. Specifically, the growing numbers of people accessing green spaces only for health benefits, together with the promotion of health-related (including exercise) requirements within green space design, threatens biodiversity and the integrity of urban ecosystems. This is because green spaces are inevitably modified to accommodate human use.

Habitat design, if undertaken purely from a health and well-being perspective, might exclude species perceived as undesirable, such as snakes or spiders. Often these green spaces are rated on aesthetic characteristics and because aesthetic preferences do not always align with habitat supporting biodiversity, recreational spaces might provide resources for only the most tolerant urban exploiters, which are often non-native (McKinney, 2002).

Despite the important role that vegetation volume plays in supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services, trade-offs, and conflicts exist between planning for biodiversity and planning for local residents. For example, these same rich biodiverse habitats might also present health and safety issues (e.g., dark parks, health problems from pollen, places for drug taking activities). It is therefore feasible that those responsible for greening urban environments might introduce vegetation based on an easy-to-manage approach, rather than an approach that considers local biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Moreover, when greenspace quality was referred to, “quality” was subjectively determined without reference to ecological integrity.

By creating a new baseline of what is considered normal we could exacerbate ongoing shifts toward more depleted environments. The concept of shifting baselines (Pauly, 1995) is pertinent to each generation of urban residents that perceive the state of the environments they encounter in their childhood as normal, unaware of the past losses and the depleted and altered nature of the biodiversity that remains

More meaningful gains for human well-being can be achieved through recognition that the artificial divide between people and nature is false.

All text from : https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01673/full

Utah Diné Bikéyah is excited to announce the launch of its Traditional Foods Program directed by Cynthia Wilson, a Navajo Tribal member from Monument Valley, UT. She is of the Folded Arms People clan and born for the Towering House clan. Cynthia holds a Masters of Science degree in Nutrition from the University of Utah. The Traditional Foods Program will play an important role in helping UDB further its mission to preserve and protect the cultural and natural resources of ancestral Native American lands and bring healing to the Earth. Cynthia hopes to practice dietetics that strengthens traditional food cultures and promotes indigenous food preservation among Tribes living adjacent to the Bears Ears National Monument. Traditional Foods Program Goals: • To identify holistic solutions tha restore Native American traditional food practices relating to wild foods, hunting rituals, and traditional farming practices, as well as the identification of traditional food recipes and cooking practices. • To understand economic, social, and political barriers to healthy food practices and access to traditional foods. • To strengthen traditional cultures in areas of food, health, language, and spirituality. • To celebrate and restore relationships with traditional foods through ceremonies, songs, and stories. Traditional Food Program Objectives: 1. Conduct traditional foods assessments at community meetings in San Juan County, UT and across the five Tribes of Hopi, Zuni, Ute Mountain Ute, Ute Indian Tribe, and Navajo to document Native wisdom for indigenous food revitalization. 2. Interview local farmers, wild food collectors, and traditional food experts to understand local traditional food systems. 3. Communicate plans, methods, and outcomes collaboratively with partners at every step of the way to build trust, generate ideas, ensure local buy-in, to successfully implement strategies. Traditional Foods Program Summary: Bears Ears National Monument creates an opportunity for Tribes to unite and think beyond reservation boundaries in order to care for our shared ancestral lands and heal from wounds we carry. There is a direct connection between human health and landscape health, and for the first-time we have convinced the US government to write this relationship into law through the Bears Ears National Monument proclamation. Given the rare combination of an ecologically intact landscape and culturally intact Tribes that hold traditional knowledge for the Bears Ears region, we believe that Tribes, researchers, agencies, and UDB can build hope, practical knowledge, and capacity to inspire grassroots people to use their energy and know-how to shape our communities to create positive and lasting change. First, however we must understand the scope and scale of food challenges we face, and the opportunities which lie ahead. These range from access to fresh foods, existence of food production and food systems, nutrition educational services, food purchase and preparation behaviors of community members, and even the implementation of Native American community wellness development programs. Bears Ears is a spiritually powerful place in which Native Americans have a voice in its management, and therefore the ability to bring about change by strengthening our connections to our indigenous food heritage. We will ensure that the Traditional Foods Program includes social, environmental, psychological, and physical healing, and that it is carried out with the blessings of our elders and sovereign tribal leaders. Bears Ears Indigenous Food Movement: No matter where you go in the world, cultural food traditions are deeply rooted and spiritually connected to the land and all living beings.Food brings us together as families, as communities, and as nations. For Native Americans, what we eat ties us to Mother Earth, to Father Sky, and to all beings who make up our shared home. Traditional foods literally shape who we are as people by giving us life, and elevating our happiness, nourishment and gratitude for all that surrounds us. For most Native American Tribes in the U.S., our traditional foods, knowledge systems, and practices have gradually been eroded. They have been replaced by introduced ingredients that our ancestors would not recognize and that are less healthy than the foods we have nurtured for thousands of years. As people, we have recently been displaced from our most biodiverse and ecologically rich ancestral lands, and we have been forced to apply our ancient agricultural practices to marginal landscapes where many of our reservations have been established. Further compounding this problem, our Indian reservations have also been disproportionately targeted by mining companies and polluters further eroding community health and the productivity of lands we control. Places like Bears Ears National Monument and public lands in general are increasingly important to our cultural survival as Native peoples. Tribes have 11,000+ years of experience of sustainable gathering, hunting, farming, and nurturing of wild food crops. Strangely, though, we have seldom been asked to teach newcomers what we know about caring for these shared resources. Bears Ears National Monument provides us with an opportunity to simultaneously teach others about our historical relationship with the land, and at the same time, restore the health of our lands and people. We invite you to join us by engaging in a powerful journey of healing and rediscovery of how the sustenance and well-being of our people are tied to the Bears Ears region. Compared to other ethnic groups, Native Americans experience significant nutrition-related health disparities. We are struggling with obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and many other afflictions that traditional food education and practices can help heal. Colonization has taken its toll, but unlike other ethnic groups, our cultural history remains vibrant here on American soil. Our elders still hold Native wisdom that has been passed down from generation to generation. It is based on oral stories and hands-on experimentation with the indigenous food cultivation, collection, and preservation tied to our people and our American lands. We have the necessary wisdom to heal the challenges our people face, but we also need strong allies from all sectors of society to ensure that our leaders’ strong voices are being heard. Tribes are our Country’s greatest experts in how to live sustainably on our Mother Earth. I ask Zinke and President Trump to give our wisdom a chance to blossom and bear fruit similar to what we are beginning to see in this little potato. Please listen to our indigenous truth. Allow the wisdom of this landscape to nourish our minds and bodies for generations to come. UDB FUNDRAISER EVENT: UTAH DINÉ BIKÉYAH’S 1ST ANNUAL INDIGENOUS DINNER UDB FUNDRAISER EVENT: Nov. 16, 2017 at the Natural History Museum of Utah from 6 pm – 9:30 pm. Join Utah Diné Bikéyah’s 1st Annual Indigenous Dinner catered by The Sioux Chef team with the main dish donated by the UTE Bison! 100% proceeds will support UDB’s Traditional Foods Program! Proud Partners: bold Clif Bar Family Foundation ArtPlace America The Sioux Chef NATIF UTE Bison

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Blog No. 2

The topic of this week’s readings has to do with sustainability and the causes of environmental problems. The PowerPoint explores how environmental problems are not restricted to the natural world but can and do threaten civilization (Prof’s Powerpoint). In fact, capitalist societies, powerful as they may appear are actually only made possible by continuous natural capital, such as timber and wildlife, as well as non-market resources such as climate regulation, biodiversity, and natural pest control (Slide 5). Sustainabilityin the context of the environment is the use of natural resources at a rate that they can be renewed and replenished (Slide 5). An unsustainableuse of resources can lead to devastating repercussions such as ecosystem collapse which involves a depletion of natural capital; ergo, resources that capitalist societies rely on heavily for trade and commerce (Slide 4).

To demonstrate how truly dependent we are on the environment, the United Nations’ “List of Ecosystem Goods and Services” explains the four categories of services vital to society that are naturally occurring in the environment. The first service is provisioningwhich describes “the material outputs from ecosystems” including food, raw materials, fresh water, and medicinal resources. The second service is regulatingwhich regulates “the quality of air and soil or by providing flood and disease control.” For example, climate and air quality regulation involves trees that “provide shade and remove pollutants from the atmosphere.” Another example is wastewater treatment though “microorganisms in soil and in wetlands [that] decompose human and animal waste, as well as many pollutants” (UN). The third service is habitatthat “underpin[s] almost all other services” and provide[s] shelter for life thus preserving and protecting genetic and biodiversity. The last service is cultural which describes “non-material benefits people obtain from contact with ecosystems [including] aesthetic, spiritual, and psychological benefits.” For example, tourism involves not only recreation for tourists but revenue for countries.

According to the Miller textbook, there are three principles of sustainability that are found in the natural world. The first principle is nutrient cycling, which would likely fall under the regulating service and is responsible for supporting the entire food network, beginning with microorganisms and plants which are then taken up by animals. The second principle is natural capital which pertains to the provisioning service. The third principle is solutions which assigns responsibility to scientists in finding “scientific solutions” and to politicians in finding political solutions (Miller 2012, 10). This draws on the disparity between the scientists and politicians who are trying to uphold this principle in a time of climate emergency and the politicians dismiss it as unfounded and unnecessary. It also presents further insight into the phenomenon that isclimate change skepticism and the relatively recent partisanization of environmental issues within the U.S. government.

The purpose of the UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessmentas stated in its “Summary Assessment” is to “establish the scientific basis for actions needed to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems and their contributions to human-wellbeing” (UN 2005, V). This kind of resource is especially essential today given the many political leaders under the Trump Administration, including Trump himself, who, despite the obvious warning signs such as more frequent, deadly, and destructive natural disasters, visible sea level rise, and diminishing coral reefs, of which, according to the “Summary for Decision Makers” “20% were lost and an additional 20% degraded in the last several decades” continue to dismiss and disbelieve the existence and urgency of climate change (UN 2005, 2). If they won’t respond to hard-core facts, such as “the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by about 32%, primarily due to the combustion of fossil fuels and land use changes,” what will they respond to (UN 2005, 4)?

Back in 1992 a team of scientists released their “Warning to Humanity” in which they presented a cautionary message about the state of the environment at the time such as stratospheric ozone depletion which “threatens us with enhanced ultraviolet radiation at the earth’s surface, which can be damaging or lethal” (UCS 1992). As demonstrated by the Alliance of World Scientists’ “World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice,” what used to be a serious warning is now harsh reality, so what is it going to take for people to come to terms with what is going on? It is my personal opinion that the state of the environment is going to get a lot worse before it gets better. Cynical? Yes. But perhaps the best way to persuade people is through fear. I think it’s going to take even more national/local disasters to convince people who may not be too concerned with the distant tsunami in Indonesia or the air pollution crisis in China that climate change is real. The warning states that in addition to promoting more sustainable resource management, other changes that must happen include population stabilization, sexual equality, and in general improving the “social and economic conditions” of developing countries (UCS). In a sense, it is on the part of developed countries to not only reduce consumption but “provide aid and support to developing nations, because only the developed nations have the financial resources and the technical skills for these tasks” (UCS). By helping other nations, we are actually acting out of self-interest to ourselves because we all share the same planet and as more and more regions become uninhabitable due to lack of resources, disasters, polluted water/air, congestion, dangerous temperatures, etc., we will have more displaced people in need of relocation which will only exacerbate the environmental crisis. I think that in addition to everything that has already been mentioned, we need more organizations like New Dream working towards countering climate change through concrete and effective strategies such as policy and environmental education (Center for a New American Dream).

A shocking development reported by the University of Barcelona in an Environmental News Network article titled, “A Study Shows an Increase of Permafrost Temperature at a Global Scale” discusses permafrost (pictured below), which is a greenhouse gas sequestering element found in the cryosphere at the earth’s poles and defined as “the ground below the freezing point of water 0 º for two or more years” (ENN 2019). The element’s name suggests that it’s permanent; however, recent studies are showing that it’s actually thawing, which means that climate change is affecting one of the earth’s most seemingly impenetrable characteristics. This could lead to even more GHG emissions as the carbon and methane that was sequestered in the ice often from decomposed plants and animals is released as the ice melts. One study shows that “as much as 92 billion tons of carbon could be emitted between now and 2100. For perspective, that’s equal to nearly 20 percent of all global carbon emissions since the start of the Industrial Revolution” which began in the 18th century (Denchak 2018).

                                                                                                        (Cosmos 2015)

           According to the “Ecological Footprint Quiz” my ecological footprint 3.7 global hectares and my carbon footprint is 6.8 tonnes/year. Moreover, my earth overshoot day is June 17th compared to the global overshoot day for 2018 which was August 1st. Secondly, if everyone lived like me, we would need 2.2 earths compared to the national average of 5. I am not too surprised by my results given that I live alone, am vegetarian and am likely more conscious of my energy use and waste disposal than most people; however, I would argue that although I am doing relatively better than the average American, what I consume and waste is nonetheless incomparable to the average human being. There are a multitude of things I could and should be doing to reduce my carbon footprint such as walking more, unplugging devices, and conducting more meticulous recycling and trash disposal, and I attribute my failure to do these things at all times to pure laziness, which I truly believe is a national pandemic. I think that films like “No Impact Man” and “Garbage! The Revolution Starts at Home” are really important and effective visual representations of how much waste we produce in this country in that they are shocking and disquieting and make most of us want to change the way we live. Now, whether or not we follow through with our desire to change is another story.

According to the ecological footprint analysis in the Miller textbook, the United States has an ecological deficit/debit of -5.1 hectares/person which means that, compared to the world’s deficit of -0.4, the average American has a relatively high ecological footprint in contrast to the country’s biological capacity to “replenish its renewable resources and absorb the resulting waste products and pollution” which means that we are using resources at a highly unsustainable rate (Miller 2012, 30). Another example is Canada, which actually as an ecological credit/reserve of +6.9 which means that Canada, compared to the United States and world has a smaller ecological footprint than its biological capacity to replenish its resources; thus, the average Canadian is using resources relatively more sustainably than the other countries listed, the same goes for Brazil. I am not at all shocked that the average American has such a colossal ecological footprint and deficit considering that most people use far more resources and energy than they need.

In response to the Critical Thinking Question #2 of Miller, I try really hard to be optimistic about the future of our planet; however, I think it's important to recognize that the Miller textbook, at least this edition, is already outdated (Miller 2012, 29). We are now living under a government administration run by climate change skeptics and the IPCC just released its latest report last year informing us that things are far worse than we originally thought, and what we originally thought was already pretty devastating. Even if the entire world were to become carbon neutral tomorrow it still would not help to reverse global warming, at least in the present given that even this massive hypothetical change would still take years to gain momentum and have any lasting or evident effect. This doesn't mean that we shouldn’t work towards carbon neutrality however; in fact, we really have no choice but to fundamentally change the way we have been doing things for the last few centuries. My vision of 2060 follows as such: we are going to see a planet-wide shift towards renewable energy and a massive decrease in carbon emissions; however, we are also going to see far more displaced people and endangered/extinct species, and ultimately, a colossal disappearance in natural habitat and species biodiversity. Things are going to get far worse before they get better, especially if we continue to elect people into office that reject basic science. That said, I do think that we are capable of effecting widespread change, I just fear that it's too late for it to have the impact that we want and need in order to not see the aforementioned effects.

Word Count: 1814

Discussion Question: Is it the responsibility of relatively more developed countries to aid less developed countries for the sake of the environment, considering that we consume/pollute/emit more and are generally more responsible for the climate crisis?

Work Cited

Van Buren, Edward. “Prof’s PowerPoint Notes.” https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzKbjVLpnX0RMjVGYUwwZlBXa28/view

“List of Ecosystem Goods & Services” UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. United Nations. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzKbjVLpnX0RNE1rUktmMGJ5Wmc/view

The Video Project. Accessed March 03, 2019. https://www.videoproject.com/Garbage-The-Revolution-Starts-at-Home.html.

"No Impact Man." Wikipedia. February 20, 2018. Accessed March 03, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Impact_Man.

“Ecosystems and Human Well-Being” 2005. UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. United Nations. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzKbjVLpnX0RdjJJVzQ3Ymszczg/view

"What Is Your Ecological Footprint?" Global Footprint Network. Accessed March 04, 2019. https://www.footprintnetwork.org/resources/footprint-calculator/.

Miller, Tyler G., and Scott Spoolman. "Chapter 1: Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability." Edited by Scott Spoolman. In Living in the Environment. 17th ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, 2012.

"1992 World Scientists' Warning to Humanity." Union of Concerned Scientists. Accessed January 17, 2019. https://www.ucsusa.org/about/1992-world-scientists.html#.XECOzy2ZPOQ.

"World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice." Home Page | World Scientists' Warning to Humanity. Accessed January 22, 2019. http://scientistswarning.forestry.oregonstate.edu/.

Center for a New American Dream. "Our Mission." New Dream. October 04, 2018. Accessed January 22, 2019. https://newdream.org/about-us.

University of Barcelona. "A Study Shows an Increase of Permafrost Temperature at a Global Scale." Environmental News Network. January 17, 2019. Accessed January 22, 2019. https://www.enn.com/articles/56445-a-study-shows-an-increase-of-permafrost-temperature-at-a-global-scale.

Denchak, Melissa. "Permafrost: Everything You Need to Know." NRDC. June 29, 2018. https://www.nrdc.org/stories/permafrost-everything-you-need-know.

Smith, Belinda. "What Happens If the Permafrost Disappears?" Cosmos. December 14, 2015. https://cosmosmagazine.com/climate/what-happens-if-permafrost-disappears.

Healthy Living: 10 Steps to Take Today

A healthy lifestyle is a way of life with the goal of preventing diseases and promoting health. HLS is a concept of a person’s vital activity aimed at improving and maintaining health via proper nutrition, physical activity, moral attitude and rejection of bad habits.

A healthy lifestyle is a prerequisite for the development of various aspects of human life, achieving active longevity and fulfilling social functions.

Healthy lifestyle actuality is caused by an increase of the loads on the human body in connection with the social life, increasing risks of anthropogenic, ecological, psychological, political and military character that provoke negative changes in the state of health.

There are other points of view on a healthy lifestyle: «A healthy lifestyle is a system of reasonable human behavior (moderation in everything, the optimal active regime, hardening, proper nutrition, rational mode of life and rejection of bad habits), which provides a person with physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being and longevity in a real environment.»

Elements of a healthy lifestyle

Authors writing on this topic include different components in HLS, but the following aspects are considered basic:

Developing healthy habits and skills from early childhood;

Environment: safe and habitable, knowledge of the impact of surrounding objects on health;

Rejection of bad habits: self-poisoning with legal drugs (alcohol, tobacco) and illegal ones.

Food: moderate, appropriate to the physiological characteristics of a particular person, awareness of the quality of the products used;

Movement: physically active life, special physical exercises (for example, gymnastics), taking into account age and physiological characteristics;

Body hygiene: compliance with the rules of personal and public hygiene, first aid skills;

Hardening.

The physiological state of a person is greatly influenced by his psychoemotional state, which depends, in turn, on his mental attitudes. Therefore, some authors also highlight the following aspects of HLS:

Emotional well-being: psycho-hygiene, ability to cope with your own emotions in difficult situations;

Intellectual well-being: the ability of a person to recognize and use new information for optimal actions in new circumstances;

Spiritual well-being: the ability to establish truly meaningful, constructive life goals and strive for them, optimism.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle that contributes to the enhancement of human health is carried out at three levels:

Social: propaganda in the media, outreach;

Infrastructural: specific conditions in the main spheres of life (availability of free time, material resources), preventive (sports) institutions, environmental control;

Personal: a system of value orientations of a person.

10 tips for a healthy lifestyle: Canadian HealthCare Mall advice

There are 10 tips developed by an international group of doctors, nutritionists and psychologists which form the basis of a healthy lifestyle. You can extend and make you life better if you follow them:

Solve crosswords, learn foreign languages, make calculations in the mind. Thus, the slow down the process of age-related degradation of mental abilities. The work of the heart, circulatory system and metabolism is also activated;

Work is an important element of a healthy lifestyle. Find a suitable job for yourself, which will be your joy. According to scientists, this will help to look younger;

Do not eat too much. Instead of the usual 2,500 calories you can manage 1,500 calories. This helps maintain the cells active;

The menu should match your age. The liver and nuts will help 30-year-old women slow the appearance of the first wrinkles. Kidney and cheese selenium is useful to men after 40 — it helps relieve stress. After 50 years of age, people need magnesium, which keeps the heart and bones healthy. Fish will help protect the heart and blood vessels;

Have your opinion. A conscious life will help to avoid depression;

Love and be tender. The hormone of happiness (endorphin) strengthens the immune system — the hormone is produced in the body when a person is in love;

Sleep in a cool room — this contributes to the preservation of youth. The temperature of the environment influences the metabolism in the body and the manifestation of age characteristics;

Move more often. Scientists have proved that even eight minutes of exercise prolong life;

Periodically pamper yourself. Despite the recommendations about a healthy lifestyle, allow yourself something tasty from time to time;

Do not always suppress your anger. People who constantly abuse themselves have a higher risk of developing various diseases, even malignant tumors.

Read on more about how to maintain healthy lifestyle in the article of Canadian HealthCare Mall: https://canadianhealthcarepharmacymall.com/health-care-for-you.html.

Optimal work and sufficient rest also influence our health — they improve the nervous system, strengthen the heart and blood vessels.

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By 2020, Accenture anticipates the conclusion of 10 new innovation hubs offices for staff member and customers and the development of approximately 15,000 more job opportunities. In the name of promoting an inclusive, equivalent- chance work culture, Accenture intends to end up being one of the world's leading workplaces in diversity. By 2025, the company intends to have a one-to-one ratio of guys and women in its workforce. Not just doubling the average maternity leave to 16 weeks, Accenture likewise uses breast milk shipping for traveling mothers, health spaces within the office and backup child care. Just under 5 years old, Keysight Technologies is an innovation leader specializing in electronic measurement. Keysight provides responses to challenges in sectors such as aerospace and defense; automobile and energy; digital communication; federal government; and provider. 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Developed in 1989 and now touting 35 campus and center places, along with 780 workers, the Mental University Hospital of Denver is a leading entity in human and social services. Through Adult Recovery Solutions, Kid & Household Solutions, and Rehab Solutions, the Mental University Hospital of Denver offers mental disorder and substance-use healing programs, understanding that this must consist of cost effective real estate, access to medical care, quality education and employment readiness assistance programs, dependable transportation assistance and similar services. " I am proud that the Mental Health Center of Denver has actually been recognized again as a Denver Post Top Work environment and honored that our employees rank us as a terrific place to work," said president and CEO Carl Clark, M.D. In 1963, FirstBank was established as an employee-owned, community-based business, and it has actually stayed that way since. " We take pride in not just creating significant job opportunities, however supplying a healthy and nurturing workplace so workers can take pleasure in long and fulfilling careers," stated FirstBank chief running officer Emily Robinson. "We recognize pleased and engaged employees are essential to FirstBank's success, and we are dedicated to keeping worker fulfillment a leading priority." Committed to community sustainability at its core, FirstBank grants staff members paid volunteer time. " At FirstBank, we think if you do what's finest for your customers, neighborhoods and staff members, great things will happen. This is what we describe as 'Banking for great.'" Robinson stated. Introduced in 2012, Ibotta is already Denver's greatest customer tech startup. Presenting a New Age method to couponing, Ibotta has transformed the method customers conserve money in the form of a complimentary mobile app that has up until now amassed almost 30 million downloads. " Ibotta's objective is basic: Make every purchase gratifying," stated Ibotta CEO Bryan Leach. "We have paid American customers over half a billion dollars in cash-back benefits on their daily purchases. "Our office is assisted by our worths of Stability, Boldness, Outhustle, Teamwork, Transparency and A Good Idea Can Originate From Anywhere (IBOTTA). business." A collective, fluid company culture is cultivated through monthly pleased hours, an annual bonus dinner, flexible time off and so forth. Jefferson Center for Mental Health started as a part-time group of four in the basement of a county court house more than 60 years ago. Ever since, the not-for-profit has flourished while still remaining a community-focused treatment center for substance usage and mental healthcare, taking ingenious actions toward a transformation in the country's mental health care systems. Last year, it met the requirements of more than 32,000 clients through therapy, education and avoidance programs - account. "At Jefferson Center, our community is at the core of whatever we do. We are driven by our commitment to take care of those whom we serve, work and partner with each and every day," stated president and CEO Kiara Kuenzler, Psy. Jefferson Center offers staff members generous advantages that discuss retirement savings, health and health initiatives, and a healthy work/life balance. The center likewise provides competitive internship chances for students exploring social work, psychology and therapy. Helping Denver's low-income population, Clinica Campesina Family Health Solutions functions as a "medical safeguard" for all of the Denver community. Although Clinica has more than 600 employees, five medical centers and 3 dental offices, its cost per client is less than the state and national averages. 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Martin Marietta does not just develop structures, it lays the foundationliterally and figurativelyfor growing communities to flourish - facebook. The company now covers across 26 states, plus Canada and the Bahamas. Colorado centers dot the Front Range, from Pueblo to Fort Collins. On top of nonprofit sponsorships, Martin Marietta contributes products for a variety of jobs put on by university engineering students, Eagle Scouts and local Kids and Girls Club. Watch Video

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Established in 1989, Accenture uses a variety of expert consulting services across more than 40 industries, establishing and carrying out services to clients' toughest digital and service challenges. By 2020, Accenture anticipates the completion of 10 new development hubs work areas for team members and clients and the creation of roughly 15,000 more job chances. In the name of cultivating an inclusive, equal- opportunity work culture, Accenture intends to turn into one of the world's leading offices in variety. By 2025, the company intends to have a one-to-one ratio of men and ladies in its workforce. Not only doubling the typical maternity leave to 16 weeks, Accenture likewise offers breast milk shipping for traveling mothers, wellness rooms within the workplace and backup childcare. Just under 5 years of ages, Keysight Technologies is an innovation leader specializing in electronic measurement. Keysight offers responses to obstacles in sectors such as aerospace and defense; automobile and energy; digital communication; government; and service suppliers. Fantastic Place to Work-certified and a finalist on the Fortune 100 Best Workplaces for Diversity list, Keysight is happy to think about inclusivity an essential part of its core values. If reality, females comprise 25 percent of the Keysight labor force and 14 percent of Keysight executives. Keysight Technologies an industry leader in electronic design, screening, manufacturing and optimization likewise practices and promotes responsible use of natural deposits in an ecologically sustainable way. Founded on the principles of team effort and management, Encore fosters a thriving internal neighborhood. Encore provides staff with opportunities to cultivate meaningful careers through apprenticeships, electrical education, safety/OSHA training, management, management development and more. "Encore Electric is dedicated to offering all things power, technology and energy to our partners and consumers," said Willis Wiedel, president of Encore Electric. Founded in Boston in 1946, Fidelity has actually because made its way throughout the country and planted five investor centers in Colorado. A leading name in personal and service financial investments, Fidelity assists consumers with wealth management, monetary planning and investment guidance. "Fidelity Investments' mission for more than 72 years hasn't changed: To reinforce and protect our clients' monetary well-being," said Stacy Roode, general supervisor and Colorado area leader. Fidelity's very first Colorado investor center started a business in 1986 and has given that served countless customers. "Fidelity is here for the long term, and our partners are devoted to offering back to the community. Last year, Colorado staff members contributed nearly 1,200 hours offering at nonprofits and schools," Roode said. Established in 1989 and now promoting 35 campus and center places, as well as 780 employees, the Mental Health Center of Denver is a leading entity in human and social services. Through Grownup Recovery Solutions, Kid & Household Services, and Rehab Solutions, the Mental University Hospital of Denver offers mental disorder and substance-use recovery programs, understanding that this must include budget friendly housing, access to primary care, quality education and employment preparedness assistance programs, trusted transport support and similar services. " I am happy that the Mental Health Center of Denver has been recognized again as a Denver Post Top Work environment and honored that our staff members rank us as a great location to work," said president and CEO Carl Clark, M.D. In 1963, FirstBank was founded as an employee-owned, community-based business, and it has stayed that way since. 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Democracy Grief Is Real https://nyti.ms/2LRLcSL

I have been in a deep depression since Thanksgiving and feel totally defeated and exhausted so I'm heartened to know there's a reason for it. 😭😭😭

Democracy Grief Is Real

Seeing what Trump is doing to America, many find it hard to fight off despair.

By Michelle Goldberg | Published Dec. 13, 2019 | New York Times | Posted December 13, 2019 |

The despair felt by climate scientists and environmentalists watching helplessly as something precious and irreplaceable is destroyed is sometimes described as “climate grief.” Those who pay close attention to the ecological calamity that civilization is inflicting upon itself frequently describe feelings of rage, anxiety and bottomless loss, all of which are amplified by the right’s willful denial. The young activist Greta Thunberg, Time Magazine’s 2019 Person of the Year, has described falling into a deep depression after grasping the ramifications of climate change and the utter refusal of people in power to rise to the occasion: “If burning fossil fuels was so bad that it threatened our very existence, how could we just continue like before?”

Lately, I think I’m experiencing democracy grief. For anyone who was, like me, born after the civil rights movement finally made democracy in America real, liberal democracy has always been part of the climate, as easy to take for granted as clean air or the changing of the seasons. When I contemplate the sort of illiberal oligarchy that would await my children should Donald Trump win another term, the scale of the loss feels so vast that I can barely process it.

After Trump’s election, a number of historians and political scientists rushed out with books explaining, as one title put it, “How Democracies Die.” In the years since, it’s breathtaking how much is dead already. Though the president will almost certainly be impeached for extorting Ukraine to aid his re-election, he is equally certain to be acquitted in the Senate, a tacit confirmation that he is, indeed, above the law. His attorney general is a shameless partisan enforcer. Professional civil servants are purged, replaced by apparatchiks. The courts are filling up with young, hard-right ideologues. One recently confirmed judge, 40-year-old Steven Menashi, has written approvingly of ethnonationalism.

In “How Democracies Die,” Professors Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt of Harvard describe how, in failing democracies, “the referees of the democratic game were brought over to the government’s side, providing the incumbent with both a shield against constitutional challenges and a powerful — and ‘legal’ — weapon with which to assault its opponents.” This is happening before our eyes.

The entire Trump presidency has been marked, for many of us who are part of the plurality that despises it, by anxiety and anger. But lately I’ve noticed, and not just in myself, a demoralizing degree of fear, even depression. You can see it online, in the self-protective cynicism of liberals announcing on Twitter that Trump is going to win re-election. In The Washington Post, Michael Gerson, a former speechwriter for George W. Bush and a Never Trump conservative, described his spiritual struggle against feelings of political desperation: “Sustaining this type of distressed uncertainty for long periods, I can attest, is like putting arsenic in your saltshaker.”

I reached out to a number of therapists, who said they’re seeing this politically induced misery in their patients. Three years ago, said Karen Starr, a psychologist who practices in Manhattan and on Long Island, some of her patients were “in a state of alarm,” but that’s changed into “more of a chronic feeling that’s bordering on despair.” Among those most affected, she said, are the Holocaust survivors she sees. “It’s about this general feeling that the institutions that we rely on to protect us from a dangerous individual might fail,” she said.

Kimberly Grocher, a psychotherapist who works in both New York and South Florida, and whose clients are primarily women of color, told me that during her sessions, the political situation “is always in the room. It’s always in the room.” Trump, she said, has made bigotry more open and acceptable, something her patients feel in their daily lives. “When you’re dealing with people of color’s mental health, systemic racism is a big part of that,” she said.

In April 2017, I traveled to suburban Atlanta to cover the special election in the Sixth Congressional District. Meeting women there who had been shocked by Trump’s election into ceaseless political action made me optimistic for the first time that year. These women were ultimately the reason that the district, once represented by Newt Gingrich, is now held by a Democrat, Lucy McBath. Recently, I got back in touch with a woman I’d met there, an army veteran and mother of three named Katie Landsman. She was in a dark place.

“It’s like watching someone you love die of a wasting disease,” she said, speaking of our country. “Each day, you still have that little hope no matter what happens, you’re always going to have that little hope that everything’s going to turn out O.K., but every day it seems like we get hit by something else.” Some mornings, she said, it’s hard to get out of bed. “It doesn’t feel like depression,” she said. “It really does feel more like grief.”

Obviously, this is hardly the first time that America has failed to live up to its ideals. But the ideals themselves used to be a nearly universal lodestar. The civil rights movement, and freedom movements that came after it, succeeded because the country could be shamed by the distance between its democratic promises and its reality. That is no longer true.

Democrats and anti-Trump Republicans are often incredulous seeing the party of Ronald Reagan allied with Vladimir Putin’s Russia, but the truth is, there’s no reason they should be in conflict. The enmity between America and Russia was ideological. First it was liberal democracy versus communism. Then it was liberal democracy versus authoritarian kleptocracy.

But Trump’s political movement is pro-authoritarian and pro-oligarch. It has no interest in preserving pluralism, free and fair elections or any version of the rule of law that applies to the powerful as well as the powerless. It’s contemptuous of the notion of America as a lofty idea rather than a blood-and-soil nation. Russia, which has long wanted to prove that liberal democracy is a hypocritical sham, is the natural friend of the Trumpist Republican Party, just as it’s an ally and benefactor of the far right Rassemblement National in France and the Lega Nord in Italy.

The nemeses of the Trumpist movement are liberals — in both the classical and American sense of the world — not America’s traditional geopolitical foes. This is something new in our lifetime. Despite right-wing persecution fantasies about Obama, we’ve never before had a president that treats half the country like enemies, subjecting it to an unending barrage of dehumanization and hostile propaganda. Opponents in a liberal political system share at least some overlapping language. They have some shared values to orient debates. With those things gone, words lose their meaning and political exchange becomes impossible and irrelevant.

Thus we have a total breakdown in epistemological solidarity. In the impeachment committee hearings, Republicans insist with a straight face that Trump was deeply concerned about corruption in Ukraine. Republican Senators like Ted Cruz of Texas, who is smart enough to know better, repeat Russian propaganda accusing Ukraine of interfering in the 2016 election. The Department of Justice’s Inspector General report refutes years of Republican deep state conspiracy theories about an F.B.I. plot to subvert Trump’s campaign, and it makes no difference whatsoever to the promoters of those theories, who pronounce themselves totally vindicated.

To those who recognize the Trump administration’s official lies as such, the scale of dishonesty can be destabilizing. It’s a psychic tax on the population, who must parse an avalanche of untruths to understand current events. “What’s going on in the government is so extreme, that people who have no history of overwhelming psychological trauma still feel crazed by this,” said Stephanie Engel, a psychiatrist in Cambridge, Mass., who said Trump comes up “very frequently” in her sessions.

Like several therapists I spoke to, Engel said she’s had to rethink how she practices, because she has no clinical distance from the things that are terrifying her patients. “If we continue to present a facade — that we know how to manage this ourselves, and we’re not worried about our grandchildren, or we’re not worried about how we’re going to live our lives if he wins the next election — we’re not doing our patients a service,” she said.

This kind of political suffering is uncomfortable to write about, because liberal misery is the raison d’être of the MAGA movement. When Trumpists mock their enemies for being “triggered,” it’s just a quasi-adult version of the playground bully’s jeer: “What are you going to do, cry?” Anyone who has ever been bullied knows how important it is, at that moment, to choke back tears. In truth there are few bigger snowflakes than the stars of MAGA world; The Trumpist pundit Dan Bongino is currently suing the Daily Beast for $15 million, saying it inflicted “emotional distress and trauma, insult, anguish,” for writing that NRATV, the National Rifle Association’s now defunct online media arm, had “dropped” him when the show he hosted ended. Still, a movement fueled by sadism will delight in admissions that it has caused pain.

But despair is worth discussing, because it’s something that organizers and Democratic candidates should be addressing head on. Left to fester, it can lead to apathy and withdrawal. Channeled properly, it can fuel an uprising. I was relieved to hear that despite her sometimes overwhelming sense of civic sadness, Landsman’s activism hasn’t let up. She’s been spending a bit less than 20 hours a week on political organizing, and expects to go back to 40 or more after the holidays. “The only other option is to quit, and accept it, and I’m not ready to go there yet,” she said. Democracy grief isn’t like regular grief. Acceptance isn’t how you move on from it. Acceptance is itself a kind of death.

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Ukraine’s Leader, Wiser to Washington, Seeks New Outreach to Trump

President Volodymyr Zelensky still needs backing from the administration. He is proposing a new ambassador and weighing hiring lobbyists to build better ties.

By Kenneth P. Vogel and Andrew E. Kramer | Published Dec. 13, 2019 Updated 12:44 PM ET | New York Times | Posted December 13, 2019 |

WASHINGTON — Eager to repair their country’s fraught relationship with Washington, allies of President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine have met with lobbyists with close ties to the Trump administration, hopeful of creating new channels of communication.

After more than two months of anxious waiting, Mr. Zelensky finally appears to have won support from the White House for a candidate to fill Ukraine’s vacant ambassadorship to the United States.

And Mr. Zelensky, still deeply dependent on American assistance, has been signaling, in hardly subtle fashion, that he and his officials will not assist in the impeachment process, keeping quiet in particular about the fact that his government knew weeks earlier than it has publicly acknowledged that Mr. Trump had frozen nearly $400 million in military aid to Ukraine.

Nearly every world leader has struggled to figure out how to deal with Mr. Trump. But few face greater pressure to find the answer — or more hurdles to doing so — than Mr. Zelensky.

Wiser now to the ways of Washington, he and his team are carefully trying to reestablish themselves in a variety of ways as an important ally with a substantive agenda deserving of Washington’s attention and support.

They have a long ways to go. Mr. Zelensky’s team has been discouraged by the absence of expected support from Mr. Trump for Ukraine’s peace talks with Russia, as well as the lack of follow-through from the White House on a promised Oval Office meeting with Mr. Zelensky that the administration had quietly signaled might happen in late January.

Mr. Zelensky’s allies were frustrated further by Mr. Trump’s meeting in the Oval Office on Tuesday with Sergey V. Lavrov, the Russian foreign minister. And when the president’s personal lawyer Rudolph W. Giuliani paid an unexpected visit to Kyiv last week in a continued effort to dig up dirt on Mr. Trump’s political opponents, no Ukrainian government officials met him.

Asked by an official at the German Marshall Fund on Friday what the Zelensky administration wants from Washington, Dmytro Kuleba, Ukraine’s deputy prime minister, who has been in Washington this week meeting with administration and congressional officials, said “all we are asking from our colleagues in the U.S. administration is fair treatment.”

He added, “We don’t want to be shamed and blamed.”

The continued push to try to overcome Mr. Trump’s grudge against Ukraine suggests Zelensky administration officials have concluded that impeachment will fail in the Senate and that they will almost certainly need to work with Mr. Trump for at least another year, and possibly another five years if Mr. Trump is re-elected.

“Our relations are not in good shape,” said Olena Zerkal, a former deputy foreign minister under Mr. Zelensky. “I don’t believe in any chemistry between our leaders.”

Mr. Zelensky’s willingness to accommodate the Trump administration has hardly gone unnoticed in Kyiv.

After the White House released a rough transcript of a July 25 call between the American and Ukrainian presidents, Mr. Zelensky was panned in Ukraine on social media for seeming too eager to please Mr. Trump. That included signaling a willingness to pursue the investigations sought by Mr. Trump into political targets like the family of former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr.

“Monica Zelensky,” the Ukrainian president was called on social media in Kyiv, in a reference to the intern whose sexual relations with Bill Clinton led to the last impeachment proceedings of an American president.

Even a White House visit, if it happens, risks being seen not so much as a triumph for Mr. Zelensky as more kowtowing to Mr. Trump, who could cite it as evidence he never linked such a visit, or American military assistance for Ukraine, to investigations that would benefit him politically.

“In Kyiv, we have to place bets on the current power in Washington,” said Nikolay Kapitonenko, professor at the Institute of International Relations. But outreach to the Republican administration is not risk free, he said, adding, “Zelensky understands that taking any side is dangerous.”

The importance of American support for Ukraine — and the desire for more of it from Mr. Trump — has been on display in recent days.

An American diplomat traveled to Kyiv to express support for the Ukrainians headed into Mr. Zelensky’s first face-to-face meeting with President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia on Monday in Paris.

But Trump administration officials privately told the Ukrainians that Mr. Trump himself would signal support, according to Americans and Ukrainians familiar with the matter, either via Twitter, as first reported by The Daily Beast, or possibly even an invitation for Mr. Zelensky to visit the White House next month. While Mr. Trump posted more than 100 tweets on Sunday, none expressed support for the Ukrainians headed into the peace talks.

The Trump administration had also resisted calls to levy sanctions against a Russian gas pipeline that would circumvent Ukraine. The White House reportedly worked to undermine congressional efforts to block the pipeline, though sanctions language was added to a $738 billion military policy bill that passed the House on Wednesday. And the military assistance that Democrats accuse Mr. Trump of using as leverage to force the investigations reportedly still has not fully reached Ukraine.

Those are among the issues that may help explain why the Ukrainians are considering stepping up their lobbying in Washington, despite potential political and financial costs.

During his campaign and early in his presidency, Mr. Zelensky proclaimed that he had no need to hire lobbyists like the government of his predecessor. “I never met a single lobbyist,” he said. “I don’t need this. I never paid a coin and I never will.”

Yet, in the weeks before Mr. Zelensky was elected in April, his advisers quietly worked with a Washington lobbying firm, Signal Group, to arrange meetings in Washington with Trump administration officials, as well as congressional offices and think tanks that focus on Ukraine-United States relations.

Mr. Zelensky distanced himself from the arrangement, even though Signal Group reported in a filing under the Foreign Agents Registration Act, or FARA, that it was paid nearly $70,000 by Mr. Zelensky’s party through a lawyer named Marcus Cohen. Mr. Cohen, on the other hand, claimed that the money came from his own pocket, not from Mr. Zelensky’s party.

The Justice Department’s National Security Division, which oversees FARA, sent a letter to Mr. Cohen requesting information about the arrangement, then urged him to register as a foreign agent, according to people with knowledge of the situation. One of the people said that the division also audited Signal Group’s filings, informing the firm in a letter in October that the inquiry was closed.

Signal defended its FARA filings as accurate, and referred questions about Mr. Cohen’s representations to him or Mr. Zelensky’s team. Neither responded to requests for comment.

Mr. Zelensky “may find that it is best to be his own spokesperson on this subject for a while to prevent others from interpreting his words for him,” at least until “trust can be rebuilt,” Heather A. Conley, who was a deputy assistant secretary of state in the bureau of European and Eurasian affairs from 2001 to 2005, said in an email.

Ms. Conley, who is director of the Europe program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, was among the think tank officials who met with one Mr. Zelensky’s advisers in April in a meeting arranged by Signal and Mr. Cohen.

They discussed Mr. Zelensky’s anticorruption and economic overhaul plans, Ms. Conley said, adding, “Ukraine faces a fraught landscape in Washington — with or without a lobbyist.”

The discussions about hiring a lobbyist, which are described as preliminary, have divided Mr. Zelensky’s team.

Some are concerned that hiring a lobbying firm with ties to Mr. Trump could jeopardize Democratic support. And some are wary of becoming involved with K Street at all, because of the specter of Paul Manafort, Mr. Trump’s former campaign chairman, who was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison for crimes related to his lobbying for a deeply unpopular former Ukrainian government.

Yet two of the firms being discussed for possible lobbying engagement have links to Mr. Manafort, according to three people with knowledge of the discussions.

A representative of one of the firms, Mercury Public Affairs, which worked with Mr. Manafort on his Ukraine effort, met in Kyiv last month with a top aide to Mr. Zelensky. The lobbyist, Bryan Lanza, has ties to the Trump White House, and was in Ukraine on unrelated business according to people familiar with the meeting.

It was arranged by an American lawyer named Andrew Mac, who himself registered last month with the Justice Department as an unpaid lobbyist for Mr. Zelensky. Mr. Mac, who splits his time between Washington and Kyiv, was appointed by Mr. Zelensky last month as an adviser responsible for building support among the Ukrainian diaspora.

In a sign of the scrutiny in Kyiv on its new government’s tumultuous relationship with Mr. Trump, and efforts to calm it, secretly recorded video and photographs circulated of Mr. Lanza’s meeting with the Zelensky aide in a restaurant.

In an article featuring the photographs, a Ukrainian news outlet noted that Mr. Lanza helped lift sanctions against the corporate empire of the Russian oligarch Oleg Deripaska, a Kremlin ally. That arrangement was assailed by critics in Washington as a sweetheart deal that represented a capitulation to the Kremlin, while Mr. Lanza also lobbied to help remove potentially crippling sanctions on the Chinese telecom giant ZTE.

Mr. Mac said Mr. Lanza had been “very effective in working for his clients on difficult matters.”

Another firm that was discussed by Mr. Zelensky’s aides, Prime Policy Group, also has a Manafort link — albeit a more dated one. It was started by Charlie Black, a former business partner of Mr. Manafort’s in the 1980s and ’90s. Mr. Black’s firm has represented other clients in Ukraine, including Sergey Tigipko, a Ukrainian billionaire and former official in the government of Viktor F. Yanukovych.

Mr. Black said he had not had any conversations with Mr. Zelensky’s team about a possible contract, but would not be opposed to such an engagement.

Mr. Mac met this month in Washington to discuss Ukrainian energy issues with the former Representative Billy Tauzin, a Democrat turned Republican from Louisiana who is now a lobbyist. While someone with knowledge of the deliberations said Mr. Tauzin was not being considered as a potential lobbyist for Ukraine, he has connections that could be helpful. His congressional staff once included Dan Brouillette, who was confirmed this month as secretary of the Energy Department, upon which the Ukrainian government has relied for help with its power supply during brutally cold winters.

Ms. Conley suggested that Mr. Zelensky would be better served by an ambassador than a lobbyist, but the process of filling that vacancy has not been quick.

At least three names had been floated in recent months, and the Zelensky administration’s current preference for the position, Volodymyr Yelchenko, Ukraine’s ambassador to the United Nations, had been awaiting approval since late September or early October, according to people familiar with the process. They said that the State Department had signed off on Mr. Yelchenko weeks ago, but that the Ukrainians had grown anxious waiting for the White House to do so.

Officials in Kyiv were told that the approval would be formally communicated this week, they said. The White House and State Department did not respond to questions about the approval of Mr. Yelchenko.

Some attributed the delay to a quiet push by some Trump allies for a prospective ambassador who is closely aligned with Mr. Giuliani, Andrii Telizhenko, who had served as a low-ranking diplomat in the Ukrainian Embassy in Washington under the previous government.

He was embraced by Mr. Trump’s allies after claiming that the former American ambassador to Kyiv and other Ukrainian officials worked to undermine Mr. Trump’s 2016 campaign. In recent months, Mr. Telizhenko has worked closely with Mr. Giuliani to advance those claims. As part of the effort, the two men traveled together to Hungary and Ukraine last week to record interviews with former Ukrainian officials for a series of programs by a conservative cable channel seeking to undermine the impeachment proceedings.

It is unclear whether Mr. Zelensky’s team ever seriously considered Mr. Telizhenko as an ambassador candidate.

Kenneth P. Vogel reported from Washington, and Andrew E. Kramer from Kyiv.

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The Party That Ruined the Planet

Republican climate denial is even scarier than Trumpism.

By Paul Krugman | Published Dec. 12, 2019 | New York Times | Posted December 13, 2019 |

The most terrifying aspect of the U.S. political drama isn’t the revelation that the president has abused his power for personal gain. If you didn’t see that coming from the day Donald Trump was elected, you weren’t paying attention.

No, the real revelation has been the utter depravity of the Republican Party. Essentially every elected or appointed official in that party has chosen to defend Trump by buying into crazy, debunked conspiracy theories. That is, one of America’s two major parties is beyond redemption; given that, it’s hard to see how democracy can long endure, even if Trump is defeated.

However, the scariest reporting I’ve seen recently has been about science, not politics. A new federal report finds that climate change in the Arctic is accelerating, matching what used to be considered worst-case scenarios. And there are indications that Arctic warming may be turning into a self-reinforcing spiral, as the thawing tundra itself releases vast quantities of greenhouse gases.

Catastrophic sea-level rise, heat waves that make major population centers uninhabitable, and more are now looking more likely than not, and sooner rather than later.

But the terrifying political news and the terrifying climate news are closely related.

Why, after all, has the world failed to take action on climate, and why is it still failing to act even as the danger gets ever more obvious? There are, of course, many culprits; action was never going to be easy.

But one factor stands out above all others: the fanatical opposition of America’s Republicans, who are the world’s only major climate-denialist party. Because of this opposition, the United States hasn’t just failed to provide the kind of leadership that would have been essential to global action, it has become a force against action.

And Republican climate denial is rooted in the same kind of depravity that we’re seeing with regard to Trump.

As I’ve written in the past, climate denial was in many ways the crucible for Trumpism. Long before the cries of “fake news,” Republicans were refusing to accept science that contradicted their prejudices. Long before Republicans began attributing every negative development to the machinations of the “deep state,” they were insisting that global warming was a gigantic hoax perpetrated by a vast global cabal of corrupt scientists.

And long before Trump began weaponizing the power of the presidency for political gain, Republicans were using their political power to harass climate scientists and, where possible, criminalize the practice of science itself.

Perhaps not surprisingly, some of those responsible for these abuses are now ensconced in the Trump administration. Notably, Ken Cuccinelli, who as attorney general of Virginia engaged in a long witch-hunt against the climate scientist Michael Mann, is now at the Department of Homeland Security, where he pushes anti-immigrant policies with, as The Times reports, “little concern for legal restraints.”

But why have Republicans become the party of climate doom? Money is an important part of the answer: In the current cycle Republicans have received 97 percent of political contributions from the coal industry, 88 percent from oil and gas. And this doesn’t even count the wing nut welfare offered by institutions supported by the Koch brothers and other fossil-fuel moguls.

However, I don’t believe that it’s just about the money. My sense is that right-wingers believe, probably correctly, that there’s a sort of halo effect surrounding any form of public action. Once you accept that we need policies to protect the environment, you’re more likely to accept the idea that we should have policies to ensure access to health care, child care, and more. So the government must be prevented from doing anything good, lest it legitimize a broader progressive agenda.

Still, whatever the short-term political incentives, it takes a special kind of depravity to respond to those incentives by denying facts, embracing insane conspiracy theories and putting the very future of civilization at risk.

Unfortunately, that kind of depravity isn’t just present in the modern Republican Party, it has effectively taken over the whole institution. There used to be at least some Republicans with principles; as recently as 2008 Senator John McCain co-sponsored serious climate-change legislation. But those people have either experienced total moral collapse (hello, Senator Graham) or left the party.

The truth is that even now I don’t fully understand how things got this bad. But the reality is clear: Modern Republicans are irredeemable, devoid of principle or shame. And there is, as I said, no reason to believe that this will change even if Trump is defeated next year.

The only way that either American democracy or a livable planet can survive is if the Republican Party as it now exists is effectively dismantled and replaced with something better — maybe with a party that has the same name, but completely different values. This may sound like an impossible dream. But it’s the only hope we have.

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Donald Trump Wanted Another Roy Cohn. He Got Bill Barr.

EVEN BETTER.

By Caroline Fredrickson, Ms. Fredrickson is the author of “The Democracy Fix.” | Published December 12, 2019 | New York Times | Posted December 13, 2019 |

President Trump famously asked, “Where’s my Roy Cohn?” Demanding a stand-in for his old personal lawyer and fixer, Mr. Trump has actually gotten something better with Bill Barr: a lawyer who like Cohn stops seemingly at nothing in his service to Mr. Trump and conveniently sits atop the nation’s Justice Department.

Mr. Barr has acted more like a henchman than the leader of an agency charged with exercising independent judgment. The disturbing message that sends does not end at our borders — it extends to countries, like those in the former East Bloc, struggling to overcome an illiberal turn in the direction of autocracy.

When Mr. Trump sought to have President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine announce an investigation of his political opponent, he likely expected a positive response. After all, politicized prosecutions had been part of Ukraine’s corrupt political culture for years.

On Monday, when Michael Horowitz, inspector general for the Justice Department, released a report that affirmed the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election was justified, Mr. Barr immediately turned on his own agency in defense of the president.

“The F.B.I. launched an intrusive investigation of a U.S. presidential campaign on the thinnest of suspicions that, in my view, were insufficient to justify the steps taken,” he said.

Similarly, Mr. Barr’s response to the report from Robert Mueller on Russian interference and Mr. Trump’s purported presidential misconduct was to cast doubt on his own staff, questioning their work product as well as their ethics and legal reasoning. Even before he became attorney general, Mr. Barr questioned Mr. Mueller’s investigation of the president for obstruction of justice in a 19-page legal memo he volunteered to the administration.

And where he could have neutrally passed Mr. Mueller’s findings to Congress, he instead took the widely criticized and unusual step of making and announcing his own legal conclusions about Mr. Mueller’s obstruction inquiry. He followed up this Cohn-like behavior with testimony in the Senate, where he insinuated that the United States government spied on the Trump campaign. Mr. Barr apparently has decided that, like Cohn, he serves Donald Trump and not the Constitution or the United States, flouting his oath of office and corrupting the mission of the Justice Department.

In the past, the United States has, however imperfectly, advanced the rule of law and supported governments committed to an anti-corruption agenda. According to George Kent, a State Department official who testified in the House impeachment inquiry, Russia sees corruption as a tool to advance its interests. So when the United States fights a kleptocratic culture, it serves not only lofty humanitarian goals but also our national security. Mr. Zelensky ran a campaign and was elected on a platform that put fighting corruption at the forefront. He should have received extensive and unmitigated support in that effort.

In the former East Bloc countries, despite the hopes of many for a post-Soviet era where democracy would thrive, the parties and politicians in power have consolidated their control in a manner reminiscent of the Communist era.

Autocrats understand that supposedly independent institutions such as the courts and prosecutors are vital to locking in their power. In Romania, a crusading anti-corruption prosecutor who was investigating top government officials was fired at the same time as the government advanced legislation to cabin the ability of other prosecutors to pursue cases against political officials. Poland’s right-wing populist Law and Justice Party has attacked the independent judiciary and has sought to remove judges who do not follow the party line. Hungary has followed suit. Bulgarian politicians have persecuted civil society groups that have criticized their abandonment of the rule of law.

While several United States ambassadors have attempted to support anti-corruption efforts in the region, they have been continuously undercut by the White House. In addition to firing Marie Yovanovitch, who served as ambassador to Ukraine, in part because of her anti-corruption focus, Mr. Trump hosted Viktor Orban of Hungary in Washington over the objections of national security officials who did not want to elevate a corrupt leader with close ties to the Kremlin; furthermore, the president has tried to cut funding for anti-corruption programs.

Mr. Trump’s focus on cultivating foreign leaders who can help his re-election has overwhelmed our national interests in the region. That is certainly a shame for the anti-corruption activists in former Communist countries who have depended on our help and leadership since the end of the Soviet era and who have seen their justice system turned to serve political ends.

But for Americans, we must worry that we face a similar domestic situation: a prosecutor who bends to the political needs of the president. Mr. Trump may no longer be able to call on Roy Cohn, but he now has a stronger ally in the United States’ top law-enforcement official, who thinks that if the president does it, it can’t be wrong.

🎄🎅🎄⛄🎄🦌🎄🎅🎄⛄🎄🦌🎄🎅

How Trump Weaponized the Justice Department’s Inspector General

The president and his allies have turned investigations into a political tool for use against their enemies.

By James B. Stewart, Mr. Stewart is a New York Times business columnist. | Published Dec. 13, 2019, 6:00 AM ET | New York Times | Posted Dec. 13, 2019

In his report on the origins of the F.B.I.’s Russia investigation, and in testimony before Congress on Wednesday, Inspector General Michael Horowitz of the Department of Justice demolished President Trump’s most sensational allegations about the Russia inquiry: He concluded that the opening of the investigation was lawful and legitimate, that there was no improper “spying” on the Trump campaign and that the F.B.I. wasn’t part of some “deep state” conspiracy to overthrow the president.

That hardly stopped Mr. Trump and his allies. The report “was far worse than expected,” the president asserted — after already predicting it would be “devastating.” “This was an attempted overthrow and a lot of people were in on it and they got caught, they got caught red-handed,” Mr. Trump said in the Cabinet Room at the White House.

Attorney General William Barr was quick to pile on, too: “The inspector general’s report now makes clear that the F.B.I. launched an intrusive investigation of a U.S. presidential campaign on the thinnest of suspicions that, in my view, were insufficient to justify the steps taken,” he said in a Justice Department statement.

Media coverage and Senate hearings quickly shifted to the F.B.I.’s procedural failings, which Mr. Horowitz labeled “gross incompetence.” By the end of the week, Americans could be forgiven for thinking that the F.B.I. was indeed part of some sinister coup attempt — precisely the opposite of what Mr. Horowitz had concluded.

So much for the supposedly nonpartisan and independent office of the Department of Justice Inspector General — a position that, before the Trump administration, most Americans hardly knew existed. To a striking degree, Mr. Trump and his allies have turned the post into a potent weapon aimed at his supposed enemies in the federal law enforcement agencies.

Their ability to wreak political havoc with the latest Horowitz report is part of what has now become a clear pattern: Call for an investigation of a favorite Trump target; speculate about the likely outcome; seize on any collateral evidence that emerges; spin the results; then move quickly to the next investigation. Repeat.

The White House and Republicans in Congress insisted the inspector general open an investigation into the origins of the Russia inquiry, even though it was already thoroughly covered in a report from the special counsel Robert Mueller. Investigators armed with virtually unlimited time and budget will nearly always find something (as critics of the special counsel role have long argued).

Mr. Horowitz uncovered some new details, and the irregularities he discovered in the F.B.I.’s FISA application process may well prompt a needed overhaul of the standards for intrusive surveillance of American citizens. But Mr. Horowitz conceded that even if all of those problems had been corrected, he couldn’t say the outcome would have been any different. Nor do they fundamentally change our understanding of how and why the Russia investigation began — already reported in considerable and accurate detail, including in this newspaper and in my recent book, “Deep State.”

But no matter how redundant, such investigations can serve as useful fishing expeditions. Six House committees conducted investigations of Hillary Clinton’s role in the Benghazi attacks. All of them absolved her of any wrongdoing. But it was in one of those investigations that a committee uncovered her use of a personal server for her email correspondence, which led to the F.B.I.’s Clinton email investigation. That provided candidate Trump with his “Lock her up” chant — and arguably cost her the presidency.

Mr. Horowitz, citing requests from members of Congress and the public, spent 17 months examining the F.B.I.’s handling of the Clinton email case. His conclusion: There was “no evidence” that the decision not to seek charges against Mrs. Clinton was “affected by bias or other improper conclusions,” the opposite of what Mr. Trump had been asserting for months.

But during that investigation Mr. Horowitz uncovered hundreds of texts between an F.B.I. agent, Peter Strzok, and an F.B.I. lawyer, Lisa Page, that suggested animus toward Mr. Trump and also revealed that the two had in the past engaged in an extramarital affair — information eagerly disseminated by the Justice Department and Trump allies.

Since then Mr. Trump has tweeted about Ms. Page over 40 times, caricaturing her and Mr. Strzok as “love birds” conspiring to bring down the president, with Mr. Trump often using the most vulgar terms to whip his supporters into a partisan frenzy. At a rally in October, Mr. Trump simulated an orgasm while saying: “I love you, Peter! I love you, too, Lisa! Lisa, I love you. Lisa, Lisa! Oh God, I love you, Lisa.”

Citing that incident as the last straw, this week Ms. Page sued the Department of Justice for unlawfully releasing the texts, which she said had “radically altered” her day-to-day life.

The existence of an investigation provides the president and his allies with unlimited opportunities to speculate about the outcome, while the inspector general is bound by confidentiality restrictions until the report is released. Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina, confidently predicted the inspector general’s report would demonstrate a “system off the rails” before he read it.

This may help explain why Mr. Trump, in his efforts to pressure Ukraine’s government to open investigations of Joe Biden and Hunter Biden, didn’t really care whether the Ukrainians actually conducted such an investigation — only that one be announced. That would have given him and his allies the opportunity to speculate about what the investigation was finding to tar the Bidens without any risk that an investigation would exonerate them.

It doesn’t matter if the report itself turns out to be something of an anticlimax. To his credit, Mr. Horowitz didn’t abandon the objective evidence in an effort to please his overseers. He certainly didn’t reach the answers about Russia or the Clinton email investigation for which President Trump and his allies so fervently hoped.

Yet there’s just enough in the Horowitz report to fuel “deep state” conspiracy theories. Mr. Trump has seized on reports from the inspector general to excoriate James Comey, Andrew McCabe and other former F.B.I. employees as “traitors.” Many media reports have focused on Mr. Horowitz’s “scathing” criticism of the F.B.I. rather than his broader conclusions.

Mr. Trump can be confident that few people will actually read the dense, legalistic prose of the Horowitz report — just as relatively few Americans read the entire Mueller report — which shows the F.B.I. largely fulfilling its mission in extraordinary circumstances.

The pattern has already started again. Mr. Trump has moved on to the next Russia investigation being conducted at Mr. Barr’s behest by United States Attorney John Durham of the District of Connecticut. This week Mr. Durham took the extraordinary step of criticizing the Horowitz report, fueling renewed speculation that this time Mr. Trump will finally get a result he wants.

“I do think the big report to wait for is going to be the Durham report,” Mr. Trump said, once again speculating about a report that hasn’t been written. “That’s the one that people are really waiting for.”

James B. Stewart is a New York Times business columnist and the author of “Deep State: Trump, the F.B.I., and the Rule of Law.”