I just started the quantum physics unit for physics, 10/10 W course.

Something interesting I've learned is that the photoelectric effect (when light of a certain wavelength hits an electron of an atom, and causes it to be released) is the reason why cancer happens. The sun releases a lot of EMR, including UV, these high energy waves, when coming into contact with metals can release an electron as aforementioned, this can also happen with non metals, like in DNA. A stray wave hitting your DNA such that it breaks some of the hydrogen bonds and other bonds between nucleotides may cause a cell to misread genetic instructions and cause it to replicate uncontrollably. A la cancer.

It's weird to me how random chance can lead to this happening, turning a cell which is in interphase nearly like 80% of the time, doing its job, then a random mutation occurs making it cancerous and using the body to nurture itself. Gross, but kinda fascinating

The Nobel Prize shares a copy of Albert Einstein's diploma, which he received 123 years ago after finishing his studies at the Polytechnic Institute in Zurich, Switzerland.

📷: Nobel Prize / Facebook

—

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955)

Just before CBSE 2022

[Important points and graphs of Dual Nature]

Einstein was a brilliant skeptic

Publisher: In-Sight Publishing Publisher Founding: March 1, 2014 Web Domain: http://www.in-sightpublishing.com Location: Fort Langley, Township of Langley, British Columbia, Canada Journal: In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal Journal Founding: August 2, 2012 Frequency: Three (3) Times Per Year Review Status: Non-Peer-Reviewed Access: Electronic/Digital & Open Access Fees: None…

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Jerking off is a lot like the photoelectric effect. It doesnt matter how high the intensity is you just gotta hit the right frequency to get those "electrons" flowing based on your "material"

A detailed study of the photoelectric effect reveals how the behaviour of these electrons is related to the characteristics of the light:

Below a characteristic threshold frequency, v0, no electrons are observed, regardless of the light's intensity.

Above the threshold frequency, the maximum kinetic energy of ejected electrons increases linearly with the frequency of the light, as shown in figure 4.7. (Kinetic energy is a function of the electron's speed. We will learn more about kinetic energy with reference to gases in chapter 6.)

Above the threshold frequency, the number of emitted electrons increases with the light's intensity, but the kinetic energy per electron does not depend on the light's intensity.

All metals exhibit the same behaviour, but, as figure 4.7 shows, each metal has a different threshold frequency.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

Work Function

Introduction In the field of physics, the work function is a fundamental concept related to the behavior of electrons in a material. It represents the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a solid to a point in the vacuum immediately outside the solid surface. Definition and Expression The work function ($\phi$) is defined as the minimum energy required to remove an electron from…

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smash or pass with fictional characters can be funny and all but I just can't suppress the instinct to submit rocket fuel or systems of moral philosophy

I really need to find people who I can discuss my ideas for how cybertronian biology works with

Here are some sciencey pick up lines you can use:

1. Will you be the hydrogen to my carbon.

2. You are set A and I am set B so shall we find out our common interests thru a union?

3. Shall we find out our HCF?

4. When I kiss you I expect Newton's Third Law to be in action.

5. Let's be a dipole and have dipole moments.

6. Let's be coherent, make a wavefront and make wavelets together to see our future.

7. Wanna form a mycorrhiza?

8. Your eyes shine brighter than magnesium flame (lmao what in the Apollo-)

9. Are you Ester? Cuz you lookin' fruity!

10. You are the C (cytosine) to my G (guanine).

11. If you are a proton, then I'm a neutron so let's cuddle.

12. You are the electric field to my magnetic field.

13. I can be the photon to your electron if photoelectric effect turns you on.

14. If you are alternating current, I will become the transformer, coz I will reduce your pains and increase your happiness. (My friend's)

15. You're my principal interest and you make my heart race at the rate of 100% and I'm ready to serve you every day per annum.

16. Be the glucose to my insulin receptors. (My friend's)

17. Let's spread the sheets cuz we wanna excel in what we're doing tonight. (Lmao-)

18. Let's not rush and start with induction, shall we?

19. You are my biggest flux.

20. y = mx + b my partner?

21. Be the capsaicin to my water cuz together we can be spicier. (This one is so.... 💀)

One thing I find amusing to imagine in Star Trek is that almost every species that is a member of, or in contact with, the Federation independently discovered the warp drive on its own.* (After all, the Federation generally regards contact with pre-warp species as a violation of the Prime Directive.) Since warp drives are, by our standards, impossibly advanced technology, that basically means that all species not only discovered warp drives on their own, but they also discovered basically everything leading up to warp drives: Newtonian physics of course, quantum mechanics, relativity, all of the mathematics describing all that, whatever crazy material science stuff leads to warp coils etc.

So not only is the valorization of Zephram Cochrane as the inventor of the warp drive just human parochialism (every species has one of those!), but every species also has its own equivalents of Planck, Einstein, Gauss, Euler,  etc, as well. (Okay, not exact equivalents, necessarily. The Bolian photoelectric effect guy needn’t be the same as the Bolian special relativity guy, and maybe in some species some of Lorentz’s discoveries, Poincaré’s discoveries, and/or Einstein’s discoveries were made by the same guy, but still it’s a pretty safe bet that such equivalencies do exist at some level.) 

I imagine conversations among different scientists/engineers of different species:

Human scientist: One barrier to the speed and efficiency of early starships is that  when Zephram Cochrane invented the warp drive…

Vulcan engineer: (sotto voce to a Vulcan associate) Zephram Cochrane was the humans’ equivalent of Sarmok and T’Pran.

Human scientist: … he didn’t have anything like modern duotronic computers, so he made some simplifying assumptions about plasma flow over warp coils, using a pre-existing computational magnetohydrodynamics model based on combining Maxwell’s equations with the Navier-Stokes equation…

Visiting Klingon scientist: Navier-Stokes equation?

Vulcan engineer: (quickly types something into a PADD) Klingons would know it as…  the Tensor of Gwartok the Honorless.

Visiting Klingon scientist: Ah yes, Gwartok’s Tensor. Thank you and sorry to interrupt.

Human scientist: … pardon me, but Gwartok the Honorless?

Visiting Klingon scientist: (sighs) There was an incident early in Gwartok’s life when there was only one open tenure track position. Another postdoc challenged Gwartok to a Bat’leth duel for it. Gwartok never showed up. He said he forgot about it  because he was distracted by thinking about a vexing fluid mechanics problem. Many thought he was an honorless coward.

Vulcan engineer: Fascinating.

Visiting Klingon scientist: … one thing Klingon scientists learn to accept is that it's the macho warrior clan guys who have the political authority, and who appoint the censorship boards which can edit our textbooks. We don’t always get to pick the epithets they assign to past scientists, but at least we still get to use their equations. (Sotto voce to herself) I think I’ll look up Maxwell’s Equations on my own.

One possibility is that universal translators just translate terminology based on specific names into the equivalent for the appropriate species. Although that could lead to its own problems:

Betazoid: After Zephram Cochrane’s first successful warp, when we were contacted by Captain Robau of the USS Kelvin, as a species we mostly put aside our ancient...

Human: After Zephram Cochrane’s first successful warp? Okay, I guess this would have taken place after that, but did you really mean..

Betazoid: (fidgets with combadge in irritation) Right. I really meant our species’ inventor of the warp drive, Lwaxana Hoitrax. You heard Zephram Cochrane though, right?

Human: Yes.

Betazoid: I guess the main clause of my thought about species unification and all that jazz was interpreted as being broadly applicable to warp drive inventions and first warps in general so it got translated into “Zephram Cochrane” for a human, but my secondary clause about Captain Robau and the Kelvin was too specific and particular to our history to get translated into a universal equivalent. I didn’t know I was going to add that secondary clause until I had already started saying my main clause, so the translator got caught off-guard, so to speak.

* There may be a few exceptions to the “Federation members/contacts all discovered warp drives on their own” rule. Like, if a pre-warp species gets conquered by the Cardassians, and thus gets coercively inducted into the warp-enabled galactic community without independently discovering warp drives, then the Cardassians attack the Federation and lose a war, being forced to cede some peripheral territories (including the conquered species) in the peace treaty, then the conquered species might regain independence, then decide to pursue Federation membership. 

hi! so i noticed you write for evnne <3 so if you don’t mind, could you write yunseo staying up with reader as moral support for exam studies or like yunseo quizzing reader? i have a 3 hour exam on thursday 🫶🏼🥹 i need a yunseo in my life fr

it can be a headcanon or whatever you feel like writing too! thank you in advance and i hope you have a wonderful day!! :)

🫧 “can you test me?” 🫧

pairing: boyf!evnne x gn!reader

genre: fluff

warnings: sharing a bed, cuddling, lighthearted teasing

a/n: GOOD LUCK!!! you’re gonna do amazing, i'm sure of it 🤍🫶🏼 i am always rooting for you (yunseo is too!)

11:30, the grandfather clock in the apartment below yours chimed, startling you and making you mess up your writing. you screwed up the flashcard and threw it in the general direction of the bin. it hit the rim and bounced onto the rug. you outstretched your legs and looked up onto your bed from the floor, your eyes meeting with your boyfriend’s, who had been silently reading one of your study guides.

“is it interesting?” you asked, jokingly, taking in the cover of your psychology book.

“oh, very,” he joked along, “why do they all have the same surnames though?” you furrowed your eyebrows as he referred back to the book, “cooper et al, creese et al, marks et al,” he read.

you smiled, almost laughing but stopping yourself at the last minute, “that’s not their surnames, it means “and others,”” you explained, “it’s just used to show that there’s more people who worked on the study.”

“oh,” he looked back at the book, leaning back against your bed and donning a small but noticeable pout.

collecting all of the cards you’d just written from off of the floor, you asked yunseo “can you test me?” you wafted the flash cards above your head cutely, “pleaseee?”

sitting up again, he took them from your hands and patted the bed, beckoning you to sit opposite him to avoid any cheating. “after this, can we go to bed?”

“yes,” you hurried the boy along with the winding motion of your finger as you were pretty tired too, “you’re wasting time!”

“oh right, yeah, okay, um,” he looked at the flashcard in front of him, something completely different from what he’d just been reading. “oh i know this guy, einstein” he pointed to the card while looking at you with a huge, proud grin on his face. you did not reciprocate. “anyway, what is the photoelectric effect?” he read from the card you made a couple hours ago.

“light causing electrons to be emitted from metal?” you hesitantly answered, your voice shaking.

yunseo’s eyes scanned your lengthy written answer, “i think that’s right,” he put it into the empty space on the bed in front of you both and began reading the second one, “what is the emitted electron called as a result of this?”

“photoelectron.” the answer flew out of your mouth before you’d even had time to think. you held your hand up for a high five.

“good!” he jeered, the back of his hand holding the flash cards hit your palm. “y/n, can you tell me,” you looked him dead in the eyes, concentrating fully, raring to go, “what is a photon?”

“packet of light.”

“a what?”

“particle of light, sorry,” you tapped your closed mouth a few times, as if to punish yourself for picking up your professor's bad habits.

by the time the clock rang 12 bells, you’d managed to work through all of your “nature of light” flash cards, but you could tell yunseo was getting bored and tired of it.

“last one,” yunseo yawned, waving the card in the air sluggishly, “what’s the wave model?”

“the idea that light consists of waves,” you waited for yunseo’s sleepy nod before you cheered, “thank you so much for helping me, if i pass, i owe you.” you stood from your bed and picked up the piles of cards, placing them onto your desk instead. you’d only had your back to him for a couple of moments, but when you turned around, yunseo was already in your bed.

“come here,” as you got close enough, his arms wrapped around your waist and pulled you towards him. they loosened, “you can pay me back now by turning off the light and getting into bed so we can cuddle.”

“i didn’t pass yet,” you pointed out, flicking the switch and climbing into bed with him anyway.

“i already know that you’re going to,” he placed a lazy kiss on your cheek, “i was your teacher, after all.”

you teasingly pushed yunseo away from you, laughing to yourself, but you soon regretted not being in his arms when you watched him fall fast asleep in a matter of seconds.

Quantum cutting, upconversion, and temperature sensing help with thermal management in silicon-based solar cells

Introducing light conversion materials into silicon-based photovoltaic devices is an effective way to improve their photoelectric conversion efficiency. Light conversion materials include quantum cutting materials and upconversion materials. The purpose of introducing quantum cutting materials is to divide a short-wavelength photon into two or more photons that can join the photoelectric conversion in silicon-based photovoltaic devices. Introducing upconversion materials is done to combine two or more infrared photons into one photon that can also be used for photoelectric conversion in silicon-based photovoltaic devices. The introduction of light conversion materials can improve photoelectric conversion efficiency without changing the performance of silicon-based solar cells themselves. This method can greatly reduce the technical difficulty of improving the efficiency of silicon-based photovoltaic systems. In addition, silicon-based photovoltaic devices are exposed to sunlight, so their temperature must be managed. Managing this temperature necessitates measuring it in advance.

Read more.

One of Albert Einstein's most famous contributions to the field of physics was his work on the photoelectric effect. In 1905, Einstein published a paper on this phenomenon, which helped to revolutionize our understanding of the behavior of light and matter. So what exactly is the photoelectric effect, and what did Einstein discover about it?

The photoelectric effect is the process by which electrons are ejected from the surface of a material when it is exposed to light. This phenomenon had been observed by many scientists before Einstein, but no one had been able to explain it fully. Einstein's breakthrough was to propose that light is made up of particles, which he called photons.

Einstein suggested that when a photon strikes an atom in a material, it can transfer its energy to an electron, causing the electron to be ejected from the surface of the material. He also proposed that the energy of a photon is proportional to its frequency, which helped to explain why certain materials only emitted electrons when they were exposed to light of a certain frequency.

Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect was a key part of his development of the theory of quantum mechanics. It helped to show that light and matter behave in fundamentally different ways, and that the behavior of particles on a subatomic level is governed by probabilistic laws.

In recognition of his work on the photoelectric effect, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. His work continues to be a key part of modern physics, and has led to many important developments in fields such as electronics, optics, and solar energy.

Thanks for joining us on LearnFromEinstein. Stay tuned for more insights into the life and work of one of history's greatest thinkers.

Rei x Reader: Tingles

Permanent Taglist: @cwpiqwon@justme-idle

"For the last time, please tell me what is the definition of photoelectric effect." Rei massaged her temples "Umm, The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material. Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons." You squeezed your eyes shut, trying your hardest to remember the definition(A/N:Fuck Quantum Physics) "Good Job. How about we take a break? Jihyo's café is near by isn't it?" Rei offered, as you giggled, nodding. "Oh my god I love you so much Rei, YES!" You exclaimed, Rei trying to hide a not so subtle blush as she too nodded.

Rei wasn't what you would call someone who was open to love. She never let anyone steal her heart, come close to it, but you stole it when she saw you from a far. Rei couldn't believe it. While she had never been hurt romantically, she had always thought of love as a weird, foreign feeling. As a stout believer of science, to her, love was just a bunch of chemical reactions in the brain that makes someone think they're in love. All that changed when she saw you, that once stout belief in her idea of love shattered when she first laid her eyes on you. How someone could seem so perfect, ethereal, magical, it evaded her, irked her even. She found it hard to approach you, especially out of nowhere. She was sure you'd peg her as some creepy girl and brush her aside, but as fate would have it, the door opened for Rei, an overheard conversation between you and your lecturer about your rather uncharacteristic poor performance in Physics. Rei left you a note in your locker, offering Physics help. Needing all the help you can get, and also wanting to get close to the enigmatic girl who would appear and disappear with the bell. As the days went by, and the tutoring sessions increased in frequency and length, the two of you began what some might call a rather unlikely friendship. Both of you were introverts, and to an outsider, watching the two of you hang out might seem awkward, the two of you seating together silently, no words exchanged. Knowledge that was only privy to the both of you, however, was that the two of you found the comfort in each other's silence, Rei resting her head on your shoulder, desperately trying to quell her thumping heart as you hummed a soft tune to let her rest.

"Unnie! Can I get two Frappuccinos?" You shouted across the counter, Jihyo rolling her eyes as she worked the register "What did I do to deserve a freeloader for a sister?" She chuckled as you pouted, hands on your hips as you turned to Rei, hearing her laugh at Jihyo's comment. "Whatever Thomas." You smirked, seeing Jihyo's face morph into one of mild disgust "Jeong! One Frappuccino, and another one with a dose of Cyanide!"  "Hey Y/N!" Jeongyeon shouted from the kitchen as you chuckled, heading back to the table with Rei "So, how's things been going Rei? I heard someone from S26 is interested in asking you out." You smiled, hiding an ugly bubbling feeling in your chest "Ugh, I don't know, seems like these rumours pop up every other week now." Rei rolled her eyes, well aware of these rumors, Gauel had her ears to the walls like that. It frustrated her, but not in the way one would assume. Rei had been irked by these rumours, fearing that you would think she was actually interested in someone else, or would ask someone out, even go as far as to set her up with someone. All she wanted was the nerve to ask you out, but it seemed to escape her. Rei's train of thought was interrupted by the ringing of your phone, as you excused yourself to receive the call. Three cups in hand, Jihyo walked over, Rei clearing the table for her to set the beverages down. "So which one of these has the cyanide on it?" Rei quipped, Jihyo chuckling as she handed you a cup, pointing to the other. "So, Y/N's pretty slow huh?" Jihyo asked, sipping the cup still in her hand "Nothing to worry about Jihyo-unnie, Y/N's doing fine, progressing pretty well. Y/N's grade is going to improve, I promise." Rei reassured Jihyo "Well first of all, just Jihyo is fine. Secondly, and more importantly, I'm not talking about Y/N's grades." Jihyo chuckled "Then what do you mean?"  "I'm talking about your little crush on Y/N." Jihyo said with a smirk, Rei spitting her coffee out "What-What I don't...don't know what you're talking about" Rei muttered out, averting her gaze "Oh please Rei, Y/N might be dense, but I'm not. I'm observant like that you know? That's how I see the way you look at Y/N, the way you light up when Y/N smiles, or laughs. And I'm observant enough to know that Y/N feels the same." Jihyo continued sipping her coffee, a smirk on her face as she watched Rei go through about 32 stages of confusion.  "Ask Y/N out dummy, I promise you it'll work out fine." Jihyo smiled reassuringly, resting her hand on Rei's shoulder, a small smile on her face. "Aish, stop bothering my bestie Unnie, shoo!" You quickly rushed Jihyo away, Rei turning to compose herself, hiding her blush from you. For the next hour, you and Rei engaged in casual conversation. Well, you did, Rei mostly smiled and nodded, trying her best to hide her turbulent thoughts as you talked, as she found her thoughts lingering on you, your smile, your eyes, your lips, you. It took all of Rei's willpower to hide the blush on her face. You had noticed Rei's sudden silence, cursing yourself internally for rambling on for so long and probably seeming weird to the Japanese girl. "Rei, it's getting dark, how about I send you home?" You offered, as Rei nodded, the two of you saying goodbye to Jihyo. With a thumbs up and a reassuring nod, Jihyo gestured toward you, Rei nodding, Jihyo's smile beginning to touch her eyes.

"Wait, Rei, where are you going? Your house is that way." You asked, confused as Rei turned. "I want to ask you something, come on!" Rei said with a smile, grabbing your hand as she pulled you along with her, your body in shock at Rei holding your hand. You smiled as you saw Rei smiling like a child, rushing to two empty swings as she began to swing gently, gesturing to the other swing. Sneaking a quick picture of her, you sat next to her, watching as her face lit up, smiling with affection. "So, what did you say you wanted to talk about?" You asked, as Rei slowed her swing, closing her eyes as she not only appreciated the tranquility of the silence at the swings, but also coming to terms with the weight of what she was about to do. "Look at the stars. They're so pretty tonight." Rei said, her eyes traced onto the stars in the sky, you followed suit, smiling. Rei was right. The stars were pretty, but not as pretty as her. "Yeh." Was all you could mutter out, as you cursed yourself for your inability to speak. The universe gave you the best opportunity to confess, and you squandered it. Good going... "Some people say stars hold the key to our future. So at night, whenever I look in the night sky, I look at the stars, and think about the future, and what it holds for me. And you." Rei said, reaching over to hold your hand in hers. "And me and you." Rei smiled as she looked at you with both love and fear. "And-And that means what?" You shook your head, confused about what Rei was trying to say. "It means, I want us to have a future. Together. As more than best friends."   Rei chuckled a little as she looked at you sitting there, slack jawed, stunned as you tried your best to process what Rei just said. Rei could have sworn she saw smoke coming from your ears. After a while, however, Rei began doubting what she had just done. Had she just messed up everything? "And if the feeling isn't reciprocated, I understand, I just wanted to get this off my chest, and I understand if you don't like me back and..." Rei began rambling, before finally being stopped by your hands on her cheeks, holding her gently "You talk too much sometimes Rei." You smiled gently, Rei smiling back, before a look of uncertainty flashed across her face once again. "So...do you?" Rei asked, before feeling your lips on hers, as the two of you shared a romantic kiss. "I do." You whispered, Rei still blushing as she tried to comprehend that she had just kissed her long time crush "I do? We're not married yet you know?" Rei quipped, chuckling before recoiling in shock as you got down on one knee. "No time like the present right? Naoi Rei, Will y-" You were about to finish, before you heard a loud shout from behind you. "No No No, the two of you are much too young for this!" Jihyo shouted as she ran towards the two of you. "Aish, Unnie, I was just joking around, and, wait, were you spying on us?" You questioned, as Jihyo had a goofy grin on her face. "Well, who do you think gave Rei the push to finally confess? Well, it had to be one of you confessing, and you were too much of a loser to do it, so I had to ask Rei." Jihyo said, slinking her arm around Rei's shoulder as the two of them high fived. "Well, I guess you did good this time Thomas." You said, as Jihyo glared at you, turning to Rei. "If my dumbass sibling ever does anything, just come to me, I'll always take your side over that idiot's." She whispered, but making sure it was loud enough for you to hear. "Hey!" You shouted in jest, as Jihyo chuckled, before heading off. "So, where were we?" Rei asked, holding your hand in hers. "Well, since I am a sucker for making things official, Naoi Rei, will you be my girlfriend?" "I do."

"Yujin Unnie, can we switch spots, I'm about to throw up." Leeseo groaned as she gestured to the two lovebirds she was forced to sit next to, Yujin chuckling as she looked at both you and Rei resting your heads on each other. "Umm, love birds, you can just put your hands on the table, it's pretty obvious." Gaeul chimed in as Rei giggled, pulling your two intertwined hands from below the table, resting it on the table. "Jagi, could we head out for a while? I want to do something that Leeseo is too young to see." You whispered, but Leeseo still overheard, mock throwing up as the two of you ran off, hiding in a little cubby. Holding Rei, the two of you swayed to the tune played in the store nearby, before you pulled her in close, leaving a light kiss on her forehead. "Have I told you how much I loved you?" "Only 12 times today." "Well, make it 13."