#northern red snapper
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An Artist's Catch: Watercolors by Frank Stick (1884-1966). Edited by David Stick. Published in 1981.
Internet Archive
1.) Lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris)
2.) Mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis)
3.) Lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris)
4.) Vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens)
5.) Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus)
6.) Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)
7.) Schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus)
8.) Dog snapper (Lutjanus jocu)
#marine life#fish#bony fish#snappers#lane snapper#vermillion snapper#yellowtail snapper#northern red snapper#schoolmaster snapper#dog snapper#Frank Stick
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Fan Page for the Northern Red Snapper fish
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Daily fish fact #343
Northern red snapper!
They exhibit a behaviour known as broadcast spawning! This means that females and males release eggs and sperm at the same time in the water column, which overall increases the survival of fertilised eggs as they won't be eaten by predators on the seafloor.
#fish#fishfact#fish facts#fishblr#marine biology#marine life#marine animals#sea life#sea animals#sea creatures#red snapper#northern red snapper#biology#zoology
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Samuel Kilbourne (American, 1836–1881)
"Spanish Mackerel" (1878)
"Northern Red Snapper"
"Atlantic Salmon" (1878)
"Arctic Grayling" (1880)
#Samuel Kilbourne#art#american art#print#chromolithography#chromolithograph#lithography#lithograph#illustration#illustrations#animals in art#fish#marine life#aquatic life#aquatic art#sea life#19th century art#19th century#art history
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day 43, 06/03/24 - fish of the day is the northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)
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Spawning patterns and recommendations for improved management of southern red snapper stocks in the Amazon continental shelf of Brazil
Study analyzes cellular structures in the female gonads to identify reproductive processes and evaluate the effectiveness of current fishery management practices
Since the 1960s, stocks of the southern red snapper (Lutjanus purpureus) have been exploited intensively on Brazil’s northern continental shelf. Around 75 percent of the catch is destined for export, and because this species commands a high price as an export commodity, catches are often underreported, and monitoring is unreliable. Despite this long history of exploitation, the social, ecological, and economic aspects of this fishery are still poorly understood.
For exports, there is a preference for smaller, immature juveniles under 900 grams in weight.
This fondness for smaller individuals and their high prices drive interest in this fishery, and it has been estimated that the number of clandestine vessels operating in the region is even larger than for the licensed ones. This demand appears to be driving growth overfishing, which occurs when large quantities of individuals smaller than the size of first sexual maturity are harvested, as shown by data collected from the fishing ports at which the catches are landed.
The analysis of reproductive patterns can provide fundamental insights for the conservation and management of fish stocks. One important stage of oocyte (immature egg cell) development is the follicular body or postovulatory follicle (POF) of the follicular cells that arise from the empty follicles following spawning. The identification of POFs is fundamental to confirm the effective periods of spawning, which is essential for the effective management of commercial fisheries, especially in the case of high-value species, such as L. purpureus.
Continue reading.
#brazil#politics#science#biology#environmentalism#brazilian politics#ecology#fishing#mod nise da silveira#image description in alt
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Drinks - Red Snapper
Canadian whiskey, amaretto and cranberry juice over ice make for a Northern treat with a 'snappy' red color.
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Holidays 11.1
Holidays
Acromegaly Awareness Day
All Saints’ Day
Andhra Pradesh Day (India)
Anniversary of the Revolution (Algeria)
Autistics Speaking Day
Bra Day
Calan Gaeaf (Wales)
Chavang Kut (Mizo)
Cook For Your Pets Day
Cross Quarter Day
Day of the Dead, Day 2 (Mexico)
Day of the Innocents
DM Your Crush Day
Dog Day (Japan)
Extra Mile Day
Face Mask Day
Family Literacy Day
Genmaicha Day (Japan)
Give Up Your Shoulds Day
Go Cook for Your Pets Day
Graveyards Day
Greenwich Mean Time Day
Hamilton Jackson Day (US Virgin Islands)
Harvey Day
Haryana Day (India)
Health Day (Turkmenistan)
Hello Kitty Day
Hockey Mask Day
International Coaches Day
International Drug Users Day
International Goaltender Day
National Jealousy Day (Finland)
International Kidpreneur Day
International Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Awareness Day
International Pet Groomer Appreciation Day
International Scented Candle Day
International Self Portrait Day
National Sports Fan Day
International Timeshare Appreciation Day
International Unicorn Day
International Xinomavro Day
Invention of Sex Day
Janet Jackson Day
Karnataka Day (India)
Kerala Foundation Day
Kut (Manipur, India)
Liberty Day (Virgin Islands)
Maastricht Treaty Day
NaNoWriMo begins [until Nov. 30]
National Author's Day
National Awakening Day (Bulgaria)
National Biologic Coordinators Day
National Brush Day
National Brush Your Teeth Day
National Chesterfield Sofa Day
National Doubletalk Day
National Family Literacy Day
National Go Cook For Your Pets Day
National Jayden Day
National Learning Disability Nurses Day (UK)
National Long Snapper Appreciation Day
National Mia Day
National Pinhole Gum Rejuvenation Day
National Policing Police Day
National Radiator Day (UK)
National Revival Leaders’ Day (Bulgaria)
No Driving with Cell Phones Day
Plate Tectonics Day
Pooka Day
Prime Meridian Day
Pudcherry Liberation Day (India)
Red Flag Day
Remembrance Day (Slovenia)
Revival Leaders’ Day (Bulgaria)
Evolution Day (Algeria)
Salsify Day (French Republic)
Self-Defense Forces Commemoration Day (Japan)
Soul-Caking Day
T1D Day
Traffic Director’s Day
White Rabbit Day
World Ballet Day (Australia, UK)
World Compassionate Communities Day
World Day of Ecology & Ecologists
World Halal Day
World Kobane Day
World Vegetation Day
Food & Drink Celebrations
Cake Appreciation Day
French Fried Clams Day
National Calzone Day
National Cinnamon Day
National Deep Fried Clams Day [also 7.1]
National Pâté Day
National Sushi Day
National Vinegar Day
Pomona’s Day (Apple Festival) [also 8.13]
World Vegan Day
Xinomavro Day (Greek Wine)
1st Wednesday in November
Eat Smart Day [1st Wednesday]
International Stress Awareness Day [1st Wednesday]
Men’s World Day [1st Wednesday]
National Eating Healthy Day [1st Wednesday]
National Holiday Calendar Day [1st Wednesday]
National Stress Awareness Day (UK) [1st Wednesday]
Take Our Kids to Work Day (Canada) [1st Wednesday]
Wobbly Wednesday [1st Wednesday]
Independence Days
Antigua & Barbuda (from UK, 1981)
Northern Australia (Declared; 2009) [unrecognized]
United Federation of Thag (Declared; 2011) [unrecognized]
Feast Days
All Saints’ Day
Apaturia (Ancient Greece)
Austromoine (Christian; Saint)
Beltane (1st full day; Southern Hemisphere)
Benignus of Dijon (Christian; Saint)
Bozo Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)
Caesarius of Africa (Christian; Saint)
Condercet (Positivist; Saint)
Day of the Dead (Mexico)
Festival of All-Saints (Christian)
Festival of Saturnia (Ancient Rome)
Gnome Awareness Day (Pastafarian)
Harold, King of Denmark (Christian; Saint)
Kalends of November (Ancient Rome)
Marcellus, Bishop of Paris (Christian; Saint)
Mary (Christian; Martyr)
Mustache Appreciation Day (Pastafarian)
Paul-Émile Borduas (Artology)
Pietro Da Cortona (Artology)
Pomonia (Ancient Rome)
Rite of Hela (Pagan)
Samhain (also celebrated as ...
Allantide (Cornwall, UK)
All Hallow’s Day
La Samhna (Pagan Ireland)
Old Celtic New Year
Samhain (Celtic, Pagan) [7 of 8 Festivals of the Natural Year]
Samhain (1st full day; Northern Hemisphere)
Santa Muerte (Folk Catholicism, Mexico and Southwestern United States)
Scoop Doozer (Muppetism)
William Merritt Chase (Artology)
Lucky & Unlucky Days
Binary Day [111] (7 of 9)
Lucky Day (Philippines) [60 of 71]
Tomobiki (友引 Japan) [Good luck all day, except at noon.]
Premieres
About Time (Film; 2013)
Alice Gets in Dutch (Disney Cartoon; 1924)
The Amazing Maurice and His Educated Rodents, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 2001) [Discworld #28]
And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks, by William S. Burroughs & Jack Kerouac (Novel; 2008; Written in 1945)
Asteroids (Video Game; 1979)
Bartleby, the Scrivener, by Herman Melville (Short Story; 1853)
Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders (WB Animated Film; 2016)
The Bridge of San Luis Rey, by Thornton Wilder (Novel; 1927)
Cane, by Jane Toomer (Novel; 1923)
Captains Courageous, by Rudyard Kipling (Novel; 1897)
Cold Spring Harbor, by Billy Joel (Album; 1971)
Computer Space (Video Game; 1971)
Cool Hand Luke (Film; 1967)
The Dain Curse, by Dashiell Hammett (Novel; 1928)
Death on the Nile, by Agatha Christie (Mystery Novel; 1937) [25]
Dickinson (TV Series; 2019)
Everyday People, by Sly and the Family Stone (Song; 1968)
Far From the Madding Crowd, by Thomas Hardy (Novel; 1874)
For All Mankind (TV Series; 2019)
Frank Duck Brings ‘Em Back Alive (Disney Cartoon; 1946)
Free Birds (Animated Films; 2013)
Galaxy Game (Video Game; 1971)
Green Tambourine, by The Lemon Pipers (Song; 1967)
Harvey, by Mary Chase (Play; 1944)
Interesting Times, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1994) [Discworld #17]
Jingo, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1997) [Discworld #21]
The Jungle Book, by Rudyard Kipling (Novel; 1894)
Lords and Ladies, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1991) [Discworld #14]
The Magic Mountain, by Thomas Mann (Novel; 1924)
Maskerade, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1995) [Discworld #18]
Merry Christmas, by Mariah Carey (Xmas Album; 1994)
The Midnight Folk, by John Masefield (Novel; 1927)
Monk’s Music, by Thelonious Monk (Album; 1957)
Mr. Mouse Takes a Trip (Disney Cartoon; 1940)
MTV Unplugged in New York, by Nirvana (Album; 1994)
Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye, by Steam (Song; 1969)
Night Watch, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 2002) [Discworld #29]
Odetta Sings Ballads and Blues, by Odetta (Album; 1956)
Othello, by William Shakespeare (Play; 1604)
Pre-Hysterical Hare (WB LT Cartoon; 1958)
The Princess and the Goblin, by George MacDonald (Novel; 1872)
Propaganda, by Edward L. Bernays (Book; 1928)
The Property of a Lady, by Ian Fleming (James Bond Short Story; 1963)
The Red and the Black, by Stendahl (Novel; 1830)
Romeo + Juliet (Film; 1996)
The Secret Garden, by Frances Hodgson Burnett (Novel; 1910)
Smiley’s People, by John le Carré (Novel; 1980)
The Story of Menstruation (Disney Cartoon; 1946)
The Story of Sigurd the Volsung and the Fall of the Niblungs, by William Morris (Poem; 1876)
The Super Snooper (WB LT Cartoon; 1962)
The Tempest, by William Shakespeare (Play; 1611)
Terminator: Dark Fate (Film; 2019)
The Theory of General Relativity, by Albert Einstein (Scientific Paper; 1915)
The Truth, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 2000) [Discworld #25]
Watership Down, by Richard Adams (Novel; 1972)
The Whizzard of Ow (WB Cartoon; 2003)
Witches Abroad, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1991) [Discworld #12]
Women in Love, by D.H. Lawrence (Novel; 1920)
Wonderwall Music, by George Harrison (Album; 1968)
Today’s Name Days
Allerheiligen, Arthur, Otmar, Rupert (Austria)
Benigno, Cezarij, Dobroslav, Harald, Svetislav, Sveto (Croatia)
Felix (Czech Republic)
Tiia, Tiiu (Estonia)
Lyly, Pyry (Finland)
Toussaint (France)
Allerheiligen, Harald (Germany)
Anargyros, Argyris, Damianos, Kosmas (Greece)
Marianna (Hungary)
Egidio (Italy)
lvita, Askolds, Ikars, Krivs (Latvia)
Andrius, Milvydė, Žygaudas (Lithuania)
Veslemøy, Vetle (Norway)
Andrzej, Konradyn, Konradyna, Seweryn, Warcisław, Wiktoryna (Poland)
Cosma, Damian (Romania)
Denisa (Slovakia)
Allhelgonadagen (Sweden)
Kuzma, Leonard (Ukraine)
Amabel, Hall, Halsted, Mabel, Sterling, Sumner, Zion (USA)
Today is Also…
Day of Year: Day 305 of 2024; 60 days remaining in the year
ISO: Day 3 of week 44 of 2023
Celtic Tree Calendar: Ngetal (Reed) [Day 2 of 28]
Chinese: Month 9 (Ten-Xu), Day 18 (Gui-Hai)
Chinese Year of the: Rabbit 4721 (until February 10, 2024)
Hebrew: 17 Heshvan 5784
Islamic: 17 Rabi II 1445
J Cal: 5 Mir; Fiveday [5 of 30]
Julian: 19 October 2023
Moon: 82%: Waxing Gibbous
Positivist: 25 Descartes (11th Month) [Condercet]
Runic Half Month: Hagal (Hailstone) [Day 6 of 15]
Season: Autumn (Day 39 of 89)
Zodiac: Scorpio (Day 9 of 29)
Calendar Changes
November (Gregorian Calendar) [Month 11 of 12]
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Holidays 11.1
Holidays
Acromegaly Awareness Day
All Saints’ Day
Andhra Pradesh Day (India)
Anniversary of the Revolution (Algeria)
Autistics Speaking Day
Bra Day
Calan Gaeaf (Wales)
Chavang Kut (Mizo)
Cook For Your Pets Day
Cross Quarter Day
Day of the Dead, Day 2 (Mexico)
Day of the Innocents
DM Your Crush Day
Dog Day (Japan)
Extra Mile Day
Face Mask Day
Family Literacy Day
Genmaicha Day (Japan)
Give Up Your Shoulds Day
Go Cook for Your Pets Day
Graveyards Day
Greenwich Mean Time Day
Hamilton Jackson Day (US Virgin Islands)
Harvey Day
Haryana Day (India)
Health Day (Turkmenistan)
Hello Kitty Day
Hockey Mask Day
International Coaches Day
International Drug Users Day
International Goaltender Day
National Jealousy Day (Finland)
International Kidpreneur Day
International Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Awareness Day
International Pet Groomer Appreciation Day
International Scented Candle Day
International Self Portrait Day
National Sports Fan Day
International Timeshare Appreciation Day
International Unicorn Day
International Xinomavro Day
Invention of Sex Day
Janet Jackson Day
Karnataka Day (India)
Kerala Foundation Day
Kut (Manipur, India)
Liberty Day (Virgin Islands)
Maastricht Treaty Day
NaNoWriMo begins [until Nov. 30]
National Author's Day
National Awakening Day (Bulgaria)
National Biologic Coordinators Day
National Brush Day
National Brush Your Teeth Day
National Chesterfield Sofa Day
National Doubletalk Day
National Family Literacy Day
National Go Cook For Your Pets Day
National Jayden Day
National Learning Disability Nurses Day (UK)
National Long Snapper Appreciation Day
National Mia Day
National Pinhole Gum Rejuvenation Day
National Policing Police Day
National Radiator Day (UK)
National Revival Leaders’ Day (Bulgaria)
No Driving with Cell Phones Day
Plate Tectonics Day
Pooka Day
Prime Meridian Day
Pudcherry Liberation Day (India)
Red Flag Day
Remembrance Day (Slovenia)
Revival Leaders’ Day (Bulgaria)
Evolution Day (Algeria)
Salsify Day (French Republic)
Self-Defense Forces Commemoration Day (Japan)
Soul-Caking Day
T1D Day
Traffic Director’s Day
White Rabbit Day
World Ballet Day (Australia, UK)
World Compassionate Communities Day
World Day of Ecology & Ecologists
World Halal Day
World Kobane Day
World Vegetation Day
Food & Drink Celebrations
Cake Appreciation Day
French Fried Clams Day
National Calzone Day
National Cinnamon Day
National Deep Fried Clams Day [also 7.1]
National Pâté Day
National Sushi Day
National Vinegar Day
Pomona’s Day (Apple Festival) [also 8.13]
World Vegan Day
Xinomavro Day (Greek Wine)
1st Wednesday in November
Eat Smart Day [1st Wednesday]
International Stress Awareness Day [1st Wednesday]
Men’s World Day [1st Wednesday]
National Eating Healthy Day [1st Wednesday]
National Holiday Calendar Day [1st Wednesday]
National Stress Awareness Day (UK) [1st Wednesday]
Take Our Kids to Work Day (Canada) [1st Wednesday]
Wobbly Wednesday [1st Wednesday]
Independence Days
Antigua & Barbuda (from UK, 1981)
Northern Australia (Declared; 2009) [unrecognized]
United Federation of Thag (Declared; 2011) [unrecognized]
Feast Days
All Saints’ Day
Apaturia (Ancient Greece)
Austromoine (Christian; Saint)
Beltane (1st full day; Southern Hemisphere)
Benignus of Dijon (Christian; Saint)
Bozo Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)
Caesarius of Africa (Christian; Saint)
Condercet (Positivist; Saint)
Day of the Dead (Mexico)
Festival of All-Saints (Christian)
Festival of Saturnia (Ancient Rome)
Gnome Awareness Day (Pastafarian)
Harold, King of Denmark (Christian; Saint)
Kalends of November (Ancient Rome)
Marcellus, Bishop of Paris (Christian; Saint)
Mary (Christian; Martyr)
Mustache Appreciation Day (Pastafarian)
Paul-Émile Borduas (Artology)
Pietro Da Cortona (Artology)
Pomonia (Ancient Rome)
Rite of Hela (Pagan)
Samhain (also celebrated as ...
Allantide (Cornwall, UK)
All Hallow’s Day
La Samhna (Pagan Ireland)
Old Celtic New Year
Samhain (Celtic, Pagan) [7 of 8 Festivals of the Natural Year]
Samhain (1st full day; Northern Hemisphere)
Santa Muerte (Folk Catholicism, Mexico and Southwestern United States)
Scoop Doozer (Muppetism)
William Merritt Chase (Artology)
Lucky & Unlucky Days
Binary Day [111] (7 of 9)
Lucky Day (Philippines) [60 of 71]
Tomobiki (友引 Japan) [Good luck all day, except at noon.]
Premieres
About Time (Film; 2013)
Alice Gets in Dutch (Disney Cartoon; 1924)
The Amazing Maurice and His Educated Rodents, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 2001) [Discworld #28]
And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks, by William S. Burroughs & Jack Kerouac (Novel; 2008; Written in 1945)
Asteroids (Video Game; 1979)
Bartleby, the Scrivener, by Herman Melville (Short Story; 1853)
Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders (WB Animated Film; 2016)
The Bridge of San Luis Rey, by Thornton Wilder (Novel; 1927)
Cane, by Jane Toomer (Novel; 1923)
Captains Courageous, by Rudyard Kipling (Novel; 1897)
Cold Spring Harbor, by Billy Joel (Album; 1971)
Computer Space (Video Game; 1971)
Cool Hand Luke (Film; 1967)
The Dain Curse, by Dashiell Hammett (Novel; 1928)
Death on the Nile, by Agatha Christie (Mystery Novel; 1937) [25]
Dickinson (TV Series; 2019)
Everyday People, by Sly and the Family Stone (Song; 1968)
Far From the Madding Crowd, by Thomas Hardy (Novel; 1874)
For All Mankind (TV Series; 2019)
Frank Duck Brings ‘Em Back Alive (Disney Cartoon; 1946)
Free Birds (Animated Films; 2013)
Galaxy Game (Video Game; 1971)
Green Tambourine, by The Lemon Pipers (Song; 1967)
Harvey, by Mary Chase (Play; 1944)
Interesting Times, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1994) [Discworld #17]
Jingo, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1997) [Discworld #21]
The Jungle Book, by Rudyard Kipling (Novel; 1894)
Lords and Ladies, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1991) [Discworld #14]
The Magic Mountain, by Thomas Mann (Novel; 1924)
Maskerade, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1995) [Discworld #18]
Merry Christmas, by Mariah Carey (Xmas Album; 1994)
The Midnight Folk, by John Masefield (Novel; 1927)
Monk’s Music, by Thelonious Monk (Album; 1957)
Mr. Mouse Takes a Trip (Disney Cartoon; 1940)
MTV Unplugged in New York, by Nirvana (Album; 1994)
Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye, by Steam (Song; 1969)
Night Watch, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 2002) [Discworld #29]
Odetta Sings Ballads and Blues, by Odetta (Album; 1956)
Othello, by William Shakespeare (Play; 1604)
Pre-Hysterical Hare (WB LT Cartoon; 1958)
The Princess and the Goblin, by George MacDonald (Novel; 1872)
Propaganda, by Edward L. Bernays (Book; 1928)
The Property of a Lady, by Ian Fleming (James Bond Short Story; 1963)
The Red and the Black, by Stendahl (Novel; 1830)
Romeo + Juliet (Film; 1996)
The Secret Garden, by Frances Hodgson Burnett (Novel; 1910)
Smiley’s People, by John le Carré (Novel; 1980)
The Story of Menstruation (Disney Cartoon; 1946)
The Story of Sigurd the Volsung and the Fall of the Niblungs, by William Morris (Poem; 1876)
The Super Snooper (WB LT Cartoon; 1962)
The Tempest, by William Shakespeare (Play; 1611)
Terminator: Dark Fate (Film; 2019)
The Theory of General Relativity, by Albert Einstein (Scientific Paper; 1915)
The Truth, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 2000) [Discworld #25]
Watership Down, by Richard Adams (Novel; 1972)
The Whizzard of Ow (WB Cartoon; 2003)
Witches Abroad, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1991) [Discworld #12]
Women in Love, by D.H. Lawrence (Novel; 1920)
Wonderwall Music, by George Harrison (Album; 1968)
Today’s Name Days
Allerheiligen, Arthur, Otmar, Rupert (Austria)
Benigno, Cezarij, Dobroslav, Harald, Svetislav, Sveto (Croatia)
Felix (Czech Republic)
Tiia, Tiiu (Estonia)
Lyly, Pyry (Finland)
Toussaint (France)
Allerheiligen, Harald (Germany)
Anargyros, Argyris, Damianos, Kosmas (Greece)
Marianna (Hungary)
Egidio (Italy)
lvita, Askolds, Ikars, Krivs (Latvia)
Andrius, Milvydė, Žygaudas (Lithuania)
Veslemøy, Vetle (Norway)
Andrzej, Konradyn, Konradyna, Seweryn, Warcisław, Wiktoryna (Poland)
Cosma, Damian (Romania)
Denisa (Slovakia)
Allhelgonadagen (Sweden)
Kuzma, Leonard (Ukraine)
Amabel, Hall, Halsted, Mabel, Sterling, Sumner, Zion (USA)
Today is Also…
Day of Year: Day 305 of 2024; 60 days remaining in the year
ISO: Day 3 of week 44 of 2023
Celtic Tree Calendar: Ngetal (Reed) [Day 2 of 28]
Chinese: Month 9 (Ten-Xu), Day 18 (Gui-Hai)
Chinese Year of the: Rabbit 4721 (until February 10, 2024)
Hebrew: 17 Heshvan 5784
Islamic: 17 Rabi II 1445
J Cal: 5 Mir; Fiveday [5 of 30]
Julian: 19 October 2023
Moon: 82%: Waxing Gibbous
Positivist: 25 Descartes (11th Month) [Condercet]
Runic Half Month: Hagal (Hailstone) [Day 6 of 15]
Season: Autumn (Day 39 of 89)
Zodiac: Scorpio (Day 9 of 29)
Calendar Changes
November (Gregorian Calendar) [Month 11 of 12]
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Cocktail - Red Snapper
Canadian whiskey, amaretto and cranberry juice over ice make for a Northern treat with a 'snappy' red color.
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Text
Rules
Just the basics:
No godmodding
No minors
Be respectful
NSFW is allowed, but if you're wanting to do any weird kinks or fetishes, please talk to Mr about it before hand.
More rules could be added at a later date.
Muses
Dean: Lotar Spine Snapper
Race: Orc
Age: 42
Class: pacifist Bard
God: Luthic
Appearance:
A Red orc, with long black hair that has been brushed through and brought back into a ponytail. Due to himself considering himself the leader of a tribe of teenagers, he always comes in wearing a Red tie, though each one has a different pattern to it.
Backstory:
Only Full Orc Living within the upper region of Wyrmwood, and the Dean of Brexsnore. He has a beautiful human wife, and a half-orc daughter named stacy, who attends the same school. He also recently found out that his wife is pregnant with another one, just when he thought he was finished raising a child. He is also aware that he doesn’t have much longer to live in this world, so now he’s going through a bit of a mid-life crisis, ontop of the missing students and him having to be the dean.
Dean’s daughter: Stacy Spine Snapper
Race: Half-orc
Age: 21
Class: Cleric of the War domain
God: Luthic
Apperance:
Red skin like her father, but was born with white hair instead of black. Will mark herself with greyish white paint when she goes on her adventures.
Backstory:
Born from Bard Orc, and a Barbarian human, she has known both peace and war thoughout her life. A complicated family life, and a complicated school life. This future War Priest simply wishes to join the Orc Clergy in the Southern Region of Thardoras. Though she is the last in a long line of kidnappings. Plays on the Triquantum team, as their Support.
Barbarian professor: Dawn Spine Snapper
Age: 38
Class: barbarian
God: Luthic
Apperance:
Long blond hair, that is normally tied back in a loose braid. Has a ring of twigs and twine wrapped around her head with a red jewel hanging down on her forehead. Has Nordic war paint on her face and arms. Always wears her armor when teaching, though her breastplate really ascents her features.
Backstory:
Dawn had grown up in the southern Orc Clans in Thadoras. When she and Lotar had been arranged to marry, it had been Lotar's idea to flee to the northern region, to small unassuming town known as Wyrmwood. There she tried to make the best of it... but for a long time she had been unused to human customs. All she knew was sleep, eat, rage, and fuck, that was all there was meant to be in her life... until her daughter was born. Then she got serious about learning about human customs, and eventually becoming a barbarian professor at Brexsnore, though sometimes her Orcish personality will still shine through.
{More to be added}
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Daily fish fact #183
Northern red snapper!
This fish is native to the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and the southeastern Atlantic Ocean! They often form schools but do not allow smaller fish in their territory.
#fish#fishfact#fish facts#biology#zoology#aquatic#marine biology#fishblr#marine life#sea life#marine animals#sea creatures#red snapper#northern red snapper
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Sankara Fish
Red Snapper / Sankara Fish is another name Tambusa in Hindi, Pahari in Malayalam, Korameenu or Thundava or Rangu in Telugu, and Chempalli in Kerala. Red Snapper is one of 113 species of the Snapper family. The fish in this family have enlarged canine teeth, and hence they are called “snappers.”
Red Snapper got its name because of its red and pink metallic scales. The fish is most popular in the Gulf of Mexico, regions of South India, mid-Atlantic, Caribbean coast and Sri Lanka. It is a favourite amongst fishing enthusiasts and in seafood markets and restaurants. It is also known for its popularity amongst recreational fishers. You will also find Snapper in the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. The lifespan of this fish is up to 50 years.
Red Snapper / Sankara fish is more ideal for frying purposes than curry. It is covered by homemade spicy masalas and shallow fried in oil, which is very delicious. Due to its zero trans-fat, Sankara fish is a valuable fish for health-conscious people. This fish has low-calorie contains only 5% of fat. Sankara Fish is not safe for pregnant ladies due to its high mercury level.
Red Snapper fish has numerous health benefits: * They contains many critical vitamins and minerals * They reduces the levels of cholesterol levels in the blood * They contains nutrients like Omega-3 fatty acids and selenium * They are rich in calcium, potassium and phosphorus that is good for bone and teeth * They contains vitamins such as A, B Complex, D, C * They has low-fat contents * They is good for brain health
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Found this snapping turtle in my front yard yesterday. I live on a river and whenever it rains really hard theres always turtles and snakes that leave the water and just chill in ppls yards until it stops raining, do you know why they do that?
Nice. I know that you probably know that I love snapping turtles for their attitude, uniqueness, serrated shell, elongated tail, love of mud, dinosaur-like qualities, etc.
I want to preface this by saying that I don’t know anything about turtles (compared to snakes and salamanders; though, the two turtles I’ve interacted with most are snappers and softshells); I don’t know much about actual/technical ecology and behavior (compared to geography/distribution and habitat); and I really don’t know much about herps east of the Great Plains.
We must be on the same wave-length or whatever. Fun coincidence and not an exaggeration for clout: Just a couple of days ago, I was discussing turtles in the Great Lakes region with a co-worker. She was telling me about driving between South Bend and Toledo in the 1980s, and the ridiculous number of times that traffic was halted to allow a huge amount of migrating turtles to cross the roadway.
I used the term “ghost path” to describe how some local populations of turtles (and, say, salamanders or toads) still migrate over old or “ancient” corridors between hibernation sites and breeding/summer habitats in landscapes that have been mostly destroyed, drained, or industrialized. Remaining isolated populations of wetland-dwelling reptiles and amphibians may still move over those old pathways to reach fragments of now-gone marshes. Like a ghostly memory.
In this context, the region between South Bend and Toledo was once the site of the Great Black Swamp, one of the largest and most prominent wetlands in temperate North America.
The lower Great Lakes, and the South Bend area specifically, also used to be the site of Grand Kankakee Marsh. Even larger than the Great Black Swamp, Kankakee was about 1 million acres in size. It is occasionally referred to as “the Everglades of the North”; the largest inland wetland in temperate North America, located between South Bend and Chicago.
Pymatuning Swamp -- which remains as a reservoir and some fragmented flooded habitat, though mostly in name only -- is/was located on the Ohio-Pennsylvania border just south of Lake Erie’s shore.
Surely, these marshes would’ve been home to vast amounts of amphibians, turtles, and semi-aquatic snakes.
For as cold and overwhelming as winters might be in the area, the Great Lakes region actually has a surprising number of species of -- specifically -- turtles and snakes closely associated with water, which are either endemic to the region or endemic to a slightly wider area of the Great Lakes/Northwest, including: wood turtle, Blanding’s turtle, the Great Lakes population of spotted turtle, Kirtland’s snake, Butler’s gartersnake, Lake Erie watersnake, and the eastern massasauga rattlesnake.
The Butler's gartersnake, endemic to a small/local area of the Great Lakes:
To me, the snapping turtle has a funny relationship with water, because they’re simultaneously so aquatic (in the way that water allows them to scavenge/sit in muddy bottoms and allows them mobility to compensate for their unusually large size/mass), yet snappers are well-known over-land travelers, too.
I do know that snapping turtles have some fame among ecologists for two behaviors which have been well-established:
-- When searching for a nesting site, snapping turtles travel great distances out of water and/or away from their home range; snappers might regularly travel a kilometer or two to find nesting sites, with documentation of some snappers traveling 5 to 8 kilometers away to find a suitable sites (meaning that snappers might travel a round-trip distance of 15 kilometers to reach a nesting site and then return home).
-- When they do find a suitable nesting site, whether it’s near their home range or several kilometers away, snapping turtles are known to prefer building their nests several hundred meters away from water.
Regarding rain and the time of year that this turtle is moving around:
Reptile behavior associated with rain would be different depending on general ecoregion where the behavior is taking place (at a really general scale of, like, “shortgrass prairie of the Great Plains” or “Intermountain West” or “Appalachia”).
I’ve gleaned the region where you live (though I won’t inadvertently doxx you by announcing it here), and I know that at the northern edges of their distribution range, snappers tend to find nesting sites from late May to late June (when your snapper visitor appeared).
As for snakes and their increased activity away from watercourses during rainy periods in summer:
I think that reptiles, in some parts of North America, might have this association in popular consciousness with warm/hot, sunny days and dry habitat. But it’s really species- and region-dependent, and excessive heat/sun is actually a deterrent to a lot of snakes. For example, let’s say that rattlesnakes are a group of snakes whomst are generally considered to be associated with sunny, dry, hot conditions. In the Intermountain West, Great Plains, and “desert Southwest,” though, rattlesnakes are better known for avoiding direct sunlight, most commonly encountered absorbing heat from roadways after sunset and during the night. (I encounter the most rattlesnakes active during daylight only in, like, late April, May, and early June.)
During periods of rain in an otherwise intensely hot/dry summer, snakes that otherwise might be fried/over-heated by daytime temperatures and direct sunlight can move around if their body temperature can be regulated by wet habitat (flooded lawns, etc.).
Gartersnakes are semi-aquatic, of course. Gartersnakes are also famous for hunting mostly fish and/or amphibians. During periods of rain in an otherwise hot/dry summer, frogs and toads can be summoned up from their hideouts. Since frogs can then be unusually active in wet/flooded habitats, even away from permanent water, this allows gartersnakes to follow and hunt them.
In the Great Lakes region, many snake species have close association with either water or moist microhabitat. Rainy periods in an otherwise hot summer would be favorable. In Michigan, for example, this would include like 12-ish of the 17-ish snake species: The multiple species of gartersnakes, ribbonsnakes, and watersnakes are obviously associated with water. Then, the red-bellied snake, brown snake, queen snake, green snake, and ring-necked snake are associated with shaded/moist microhabitat.
Two superlative semi-aquatic snakes (present in southern Michigan and the former areas of Grand Kankakee, Great Black, and Pymatuning) are actually kinda endemic to the Great Lakes region.
The Kirtland's snake is a strange/unique reptile that lives in wetlands, bogs, etc., and has an extremely close relationship with and dependency on crayfish. They not only consume crayfish, but the snake also lives in crayfish burrows. Thus, this Great Lakes-endemic species of snake can't really live without wetlands.
Graphics from this good paper from 2019, "Into the Crayfish Burrow":
Distribution of Kirtland's snake:
You may as well call the eastern massasauga a “swamp rattlesnake” or “wetland rattlesnake.” The small rattlesnake inhabits flooded prairie, marshes, bogs, etc.
It’s cool that the Great Lakes region is home to more than one endemic snake whomst participates in a reptile-crustacean relationship, since the massasauga also inhabits and hibernates in crayfish burrows. Aside from being a water-loving bog-dwelling rattlesnake, I also love that the massasauga is one of the only reptiles which tolerates living on the fringe of boreal forest. There are populations of massasauga living on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan; along the shores of Georgian Bay near Sudbury; and on Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron. A miniature swamp rattlesnake living in boreal forest.
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Attack on Titanland
Eren and his friends are on a class trip to Titanland! A theme park that for some reason has mascots in the shape of giant monsters.
(So the final season is depressing me and I had a dream about Eren going to an Attack on Titan theme park so here’s just a fluff fic for it)
“Eren, wake up we’re almost at the park.” Mikasa nudged the boy as their bus rolled into the parking lot.
“Huh? What…?” Eren rubbed the sleep out of his eyes as he looked around, disoriented as if coming out of another world.
“I swear you always fall asleep on car rides.” Armin chuckled, nudging him from the other side. “Did you forget where you are? The class trip to Titanland?”
“Titanland?” Eren repeated, his thoughs slowly returning to him. “Oh yeah.” He glanced out the window to the large billboard advertizing the front of the theme park and the long-haired green-eyed giant that appeared to be the mascot for the park. “Whose bright idea was it to make a theme park and base the rides off of a bunch of monsters?”
“I think they look kind of neat.” Mikasa gave a small smile, looking up at the Mascot Titan.
“Some people are scared of roller coasters, the Titans look scary and intimidating like that but they also look big and strong, like they know what they’re doing. I’d say using them for roller coasters is a fitting idea.” Armin laughed along as well.
“Alright class, settle down.” Hange called over the speaker from the front of the bus. “Now you have free reign when we get into the park but do try to stick together and use the buddy system, enjoy the rides! Personally I recommend the Thunder Spear, at almost one hundred fifty miles per hour it’s one of the top ten fastest roller coasters in the northern hemisphere!”
“You’re supposed to be the chaperone, not the tour guide.” Levi gave a grump groan that was half-caught over the loudspeaker before the other chaperone took the microphone for himself. “Alright listen up you brats. Don’t get lost, don’t wreck anything and stick together, now get outta here.” He tossed the transmitter back onto the hook right before a hoard of kids rushed out of the bus.
“So, what should we do first?” Eren looked to Armin, he’d designated himself the group’s planner so they could see as much of the park as they could during their short stay.
“Well, if you don’t mind there is one ride I’ve always wanted to see.” Armin held up the map and pointed to a spot of blue.
“’Paradise Sea’?” Eren quirked a brow. “Pretty relaxed for a monster-themed theme park isn’t it?”
“It’s the world’s largest tubing route, think of it as a good warmup.” The blonde boy grinned ear to ear, neither he nor Mikasa could object to a smile like that.
Soon the trio was in the water, Mikasa held the handles of her tube to one of the handles each of Eren and Armin’s tubes. “Eren you hold on too so you don’t float away and get lost.” She grumbled sternly.
Eren sighed “I won’t get lost.”
“You always get lost.” Mikasa objected.
“You do kind of always get lost.” Armin gave an amused chuckle.
“Ugh, enough about me. What are we going to do next Mr. Planner?” Eren looked at Armin, map still in the blonde’s hands.
“Well we could try the park’s signature coaster.” He pointed to a spot not too far away on the map with a brief description of the ride.
“The Behemoth, huh?” Eren read aloud, looking at the Mascot Titan from the entrance. “Man that dude need a haircut.” He mumbled, running a hand through his own hair.
“Among all the rides it’s got the best mix of height and speed, it’s a must-ride for a lot of roller coaster fanatics across the country. “ Armin wiggled excitedly in his tube.
“I don’t know, I don’t really like heights.” Eren sighed.
A snort from a few feet away caught his attention. “Why’d you even come then?” Jean shouted over, his group with Marco, Sasha, and Connie floating a few feet away with their own tubes lightly tied together in a square.
“Mind your own business!” Eren shouted, standing on his tube and glaring down at Jean.
“Why don’t you make me!?” The other boy also stood, nose inches from Eren’s.
“No standing in the tubes!” Levi gave a bored warning as he and Hange floated by, kicking both of their inner tubes and making them fall back down into them ass-first with a splash.
The shock of the kick forced Mikasa’s hand from off Eren’s handle, his tube floating away from the little triangle the trio had formed. “EREN!” Mikasa screamed as his tube drifted towards another path along the lazy river.
“It’ll be fine guys, we’ll meet up later!” Eren shouted over the sound of churning water before the foliage blocked him from view.
“He got lost again…” Armin gave a defeated sigh and shook his head.
A short bit later, Mikasa and Armin got changed back into their normal clothes, exiting the river ride with no sign of Eren at the entrance. “I can’t believe we lost Eren…” A pall was cast over Mikasa’s face.
“I had a meetup spot for us but I don’t think I got a chance to tell Eren, I’m sure we’ll find him when it comes time to meet up for dinner, let’s just walk around for now.” The blonde chuckled nervously.
Strolling down Titanstreet. LDA the main avenue that led off into the various hubs that held the rides and attractions, the duo passed by several of the park’s most popular stops along the way.
“Hey, hey, come on, no bumping.” Came the voice of a tired-sounding woman with long messy hair at a stall for electric cars. A sign above the ride read “The Go-Kart Titan” with a picture of a quadrupedal monster with a long face. The poor woman manning the ride looked like she hadn’t had a break in a long time and could barely stand up.
“Come on step right up, if you’ve got the courage to take on THE BEAST~” A blonde man with a beard and glasses called into the crowd, advertizing a salt and pepper shaker ride that that spun the riders around as if they were a baseball in a fast pitch, the sign on the front displaying a hair giant with long arms. “You look like you’ve got some courage little lady, care to give it a try?” The man reached out to Mikasa.
“No thanks.” She said with a surprising chill that sent a shiver down the older man’s spine, her face dark and miserable.
“S-Sorry about her, we’re looking for our friend.” Armin chuckled, rubbing the back of his head.
“Man, kids today sure are scary…” The man dusted off his glasses and shuddered.
“Hey Armin!” A voice called out to the two from the crowd. “Do you wanna try this ride with me?” Bertoldt asked, looking up at a huge tower ride that dropped a row of people from several stories up before propelling them back into the air and dropping them again. The sign read “The Colossus” and showed a humongous giant with no skin peeking over the park walls. “It looks exciting, but I’m kinda scared to go alone.” The tall man chuckled nervously.
“Sorry, we’re looking for Eren right now.” Armin smiled at Bertoldt and shrugged. “Why not ask Reiner to go with you?”
“He’s got his hands full with the kids there.” Bertoldt chuckled nervously, pointing to the burly blonde who had a younger child on each arm, tugging him in opposite directions.
“Come on, I wanna go on the Armored Cat ride!” Gabi tugged Reiner’s hand towards a a fast-moving ride featuring a giant covered in plate armor that made you feel like you were in an armored car busting through walls.
“Awww, but let’s go on the Jaw Snapper first!” Falco huffed, tugging Reiner in the other direction, pointing to a a ride advertized by a monster with a wild mane that spun the riders in a jaw-like centrifuge.
“I think I should probably go help him actually.” Bertoldt chuckled to himself, heading over to the trio.
“Chill Bert, I got this one.” A voice called over the tall man’s shoulder. “Besides, Annie’s got business with you, she wants to meet you over at the Tunnel of Love.” Ymir pointed her thumb back towards a sign depicting a female giant in a cave full of shining crystals.
“Oh, uhh right… thanks Ymir!” Bertoldt blushed, heading over to the ride.
“That’s really nice of you Ymir.” Armin grinned at the woman.
“Nice ain’t got nothing to do with it.” Ymir cracked her knuckles with a grin. “Reiner’s gonna owe me and I’m meeting Historia here for dinner later tonight so he’s gonna foot the bill.” She headed over to Reiner and the kids, ebdning down to take Falco’s hand. “Come on Falco I’ll take you on the Jaw Snapper, Reiner and Gabi can go on the other one.”
“Ehehe… she can be a bit scary sometimes herself…” Armin chuckled nervously watching Ymir’s machinations unfold.
Meanwhile back on Paradise Sea. Eren slowly woke up, finding himself trapped in a current that kept his tube going around in circles. “Huh… guess I fell asleep again…” He looked up at the clear sky, wincing as he felt his skin tingle when he blinked. “Ow that’s right, Armin had the sunscreen…” He grumbled, the sunburn giving the spots under his eyes a reddish hue, wrinkles forming around the burn that made the skin around his eyes look raw.
“Now… how do I get out of here…” The boy mumbled to himself, trying to gently shift his tube back and forth to work himself out of the current, bumping himself of the edge of the river and heading towards the end of the ride. Quickly enough he was changed again, looking at the sun to see quite some time had passed. “Man, Mikasa’s gonna be so pissed…”
“Eren!” A blonde girl came up behind the boy and bumped into him playfully. “Have you seen Ymir around? She said she had some big plans but then just wandered off, something about owing Reiner or something.” Historia blinked up at him.
“No I haven’t, I just got off my first ride and you’re the first person I’ve run into.” Eren rubbed the back of his head. “Sorry.”
“Ouch dude, you got some color…” Historia blinked, touching the red circles under Eren’s eyes.
“YEOWCH! Who goes and touches someone else’s sunburn!?” Eren shouted, backing up a step.
“Sorry, sorry! Well since we both got separated from our groups, maybe we can look for them together.” Historia gave a smile. “We can head to the center of the park and see if anyone’s there.”
“That’s a good an idea as any, Armin probably told me the meetup spot but I don’t think I was paying attention.” The two headed towards the center of the park, passing by the “Whack-A-Hammer Titan” stall that featured a crystalline giant holding a hammer with games and prizes on display for those willing to try.
“What do you mean I’m not tall enough to ride!? I’m the chaperone and I can’t exactly chaperone the kids on those rides if you won’t let me on!” Levi huffed, crossing his arms in front of a railroad ride as Sasha and Connie danced onto it with smug grins. “Fine, don’t blame me if those two idiots flash your cameras or something though.”
“Seems like everyone’s having fun?” Historia gave a chuckle, watching the scene as they approach the center of the park, a large statue of the park’s Founder, a tremendous female giant with glowing white eyes holding the hand of a young girl. “Her name’s Ymir too, huh? Small world…” A thin smile crossed Historia’s lips, as if fondly reminiscing.
“I can’t believe it’s already this late, the fireworks’ll be starting at sundown.” Eren looked around, not seeing anyone at first.
“Well isn’t this romantic? What are you two up to?” Mikasa said dryly, appearing behind Eren with a menacing glare.
“AH! NOTHING!” Eren and Historia shouted In unison and jumped away from each other.
“I was about to say the same thing, seems you’re a girl magnet Eren.” Annie called with a similarly wry tone, leading Bertoldt by the hand a small hat with angelic wings for ears atop the tall man’s head and two bundles of cotton candy in his hands.
“It’s nothing! We just got lost together! And who are you two to chew me out anyway!?”
“Oooh, ‘getting lost together’ with Historia, Ymir’s gonna break your jaw. Let me know when that happens because I don’t want to miss it.” Jean chuckled, leading Marco, Sasha and Connie away from the food stalls, a turkey leg in each of their hands.
“Did the petting zoo break down? Who let a wild horse just run around like that?” Eren gave a cock smirk. “Oh it’s just Jean.”
“Enough you two, the fireworks are about to start.” Marco got between the two before they could start brawling, chuckling nervously.
A low shaking echoed through the park as lights illuminated the recently darkened area. “What’s that Rumbling?” Eren blinked, looking around.
“It means the show’s about to start.” Armin grinned as and Mikasa flanked him from either side.
“Yeah, that Rumbling happens every night before the fireworks.” Historia grinned as the others started gathering around them at the center of the park as well.
Sure enough soon the show began, nine differently colored rockers shooting into the sky and exploding, lighting up the whole park like daytime. Eren watched as the fireworks illuminated his friends’ awed faces, the sky alight like a shining aurora dancing through it. Mikasa gripped his hand as his friends crowded in from every side, pointing and laughing and watching the show.
Yeah, this was nice.
-----------
Eren’s eyes shot open, staring up at the cold dark brick ceiling of his jail cell once again. Despite his crazy dreams he hadn’t left this place in quite some time. “More memories? From the past, or future, or somewhere else?” He muttered to himself with a sigh before closing his eyes, memories of reality slowly coming back to him as a defeated sigh ripped itself from deep in his lungs.
“Yeah… that would have been nice…”
#ooc#Attack on Titan#AoT#Shingeki no Kyoujin#SNK#Fanfiction#Story#Fic#Fluff#Eren Jeager#Mikasa Ackerman#Levi Ackerman#Armin Artlert#Jean Kirschtein#Sasha Braus#Connie Springer#Reiner Braun#Annie Leonhart#Bertoldt Hoover#Ymir#Historia Reiss
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For a lot of people, a bunch of trees in a place counts as a “forest”. Yet those of us who have a more ecological eye can take a look at those trees and figure out whether they’re an established forest, or whether they’re in a younger stage of succession, just by looking at the age of the trees and the various species of living being represented. Other ecosystems may be a bit more challenging to assess, but they have their own chains of succession as well. And as I explained in my comic on old growth forests, not all species can live in a younger, recovering ecosystem. So consider this comic a very basic introduction to the idea that there’s more to a given habitat than what immediately meets the eye!
Also, I had a lot of fun drawing new ecosystems I’ve never tried before! I’m especially proud of my portrait of Loowit (Mt. St. Helens.)
Species portrayed: Plains zebra (Equus quagga), yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), acacia tree (Acacia sp.) big bluestem grass (Andropogon gerardii), common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), greenshield lichen (Flavoparmelia caperata), wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), arrowwood viburnum (Viburnum dentatum), eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), shagbark hickory (Carya ovata), Pacific bleeding heart (Dicentra formosa), mountain chickadee (Poecile gambeli), noble fir (Abies procera), beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax), wild strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea), prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica), mesquite (Prosopis sp.), paloverde (Parkinsonia sp.), paintbrush (Castilleja sp.), northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides), northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), green brittle star (Ophiarachna incrassata), assorted corals
Transcript under cut.
Title: What is Ecological Succession?
[First panel: a scene with a plains zebra with two oxpecker birds on its back, and an acacia tree in the background. The exact same scene is replicated four times with the years 5000 B.C., 1000 B.C., 1800 A.D. and 2020 A.D. under each.]
It’s common to think that ecosystems don’t change, and that what you see today is what’s always been. Yet that isn’t the case.
[Second panel: a forest at different points of succession, with grasses and small herbaceous plants on the left, larger shrubs and small trees in the middle, and a large hickory tree on the right]
Change is one of the few constants in nature. Ecosystems, like individuals, have stages they go through as they age. This series of stages is known as ecological succession. Each stage is marked by which animals, plants, fungi and other living beings are found together in the community. While some may be found in multiple stages of succession, the overall collections of species are good markers of succession.
[Third panel: A Pacific bleeding heart flower grows in front of an old tree stump.]
Some are pioneer species that colonize an ecosystem shortly after a major disturbance like a fire, landslide, or clearcut.
[Fourth panel: A small noble fir tree has a chickadee in its branches, while beargrass and wild strawberries grow nearby]
Others don’t show up until years or decades later. The ecosystem is then in a seral, or intermediate, stage. New species may be seen alongside existing ones for some time, and stages of succession do not have strict boundaries in time and space.
[Fifth panel: a desert scene shows saguaro cactus and prickly pear cactus in the foreground with mesquite and paloverde shrubs behind them, and a ridge in the background]
It may be centuries before the ecosystem reaches its climax stage. At this point, the variety of species living there becomes more or less stable. The living beings also maintain good balance with their physical habitat, including the hydrological cycle (what happens to water in the ecosystem) and the nutrient cycle (how nutrients pass from one being to another.) It remains stable until another disturbance occurs.
[Sixth panel: the foreground shows a northern pocket gopher on a rock next to some paintbrush flowers and grass; behind the hills in the background, Mt. St. Helens shows its giant post-eruption crater]
There are two main types of succession. Most of what I’ve covered so far is secondary succession, when an existing ecosystem is damaged. Primary succession is when a totally new ecosystem is formed, such as when sand dunes expand to new territory, or when volcanic lava cools to create new land. Both types can happen in the same place. For example, the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens in Washington completely wiped out ecosystems directly around the volcano, as did mudflows in some areas further out. All life was destroyed in these places. Yet many other areas, while badly daamged by ash, pyroclastic events, and mudflow, still saw some living beings survive to repopulate. Mt. St. Helens Volcanic Monument protects this patchwork of primary and secondary succession examples, and scientists gather valuable data on both here.
[Seventh panel: a red snapper fish and a green brittle starfish live in a vibrant coral reef with many types of coral]
All ecosystems have succession. More fragile ones like deserts, wetlands and coral reefs, may take longer to recover from disturbances. This is why it is so important that we carefully consider the impact of our actions before we do something that damages or destroys an ecosystem. The wrong choice may mean it will be many lifetimes before the place we’ve harmed recovers entirely--if ever.
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