i don't think we mention how fucking horrifying that extinction was in popular media enough. like funny asteroid go brrrrr but that's really fucking sad to me. they were here for hundreds of millions of years and just got fucking obliterated by a big enough rock.
like it was ONE DAY
ONE
most mass extinctions take millions of years
but the world literally went from
"look at this lovely biosphere, all these wonderful animals and plants and fungi and microbes, look at them doing their thing"
(Prehistoric Planet)
and then
BOOM
everything over 25 kg? dead
Anything under? Better hide from the
GLOBAL WILDFIRES
TSUNAMIS
SHOCK WAVES
and IMPACT WINTER
and hope you can find food for the next few millennia while the SUN IS BLOTTED OUT
this is *trauma*. the BIGGEST TRAUMA our biosphere has possibly EVER HAD
(there's one impact event that was bigger, 2billion years ago, but this was before life really became complex - so who knows how that affected the life at the time)
ONE DAY
change isn't supposed to fucking happen that fast
never mind such DEVASTATING change
and like, the Jurassic + Cretaceous is the longest period of relatively stable terrestrial environments on earth. The Paleozoic through the Triassic is just a lot of awkwardness, complex life stretching its metaphorical legs and figuring things out
but the J+C was a fairly stable series of succeeding ecosystems with gradual change and a few minor mass extinctions that they got through
like,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
WHAT
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Please take a free tour this person made of my favorite museum, and go in person if you’re in the area!
Looking at pictures of fossils is one thing, but walking around fully articulated reconstructions gives the real scale of the animal. The marine reptile room is the closest I can get to living my nightmare (in a fun way!)
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So this is, uh, completely fucking cool. The rough of it is that bit about “a shared blueprint of brain organization has been maintained from the Cambrian until today”, with a few side bits about how the brain within the body is structured overall.
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Alright, Chanukah starts tonight, which means it's time for me to finally make a post about different kinds of menorahs.
This right here? This is the Temple Menorah:
There's some debate over whether the branches were straight or curved, but here's a few things we do know:
It had seven branches of equal length.
It was made of one solid piece of gold
It was at least five feet tall.
It used pure olive oil.
The Temple Menorah is what people mean when they talk about The Menorah. It's what you'll see on historical or commemorative artifacts such as the Arch of Titus in Rome or Israeli currency:
During the time when the Temple stood in Jerusalem, the High Priest lit all seven flames on this Menorah every day (using the aforementioned pure olive oil):
No one lights this on Chanukah.
This is a Chanukah menorah:
There are countless variations, but here are the important things:
It has eight branches of equal length, plus a ninth "helper" branch, known as the shamash, which is set apart from the rest of the branches and used to light the others.
It can be made of any material.
It is usually used with wax candles or oil, but, if necessary, one can use anything that burns.
In Hebrew, this kind of menorah is called a chanukiah.
Some Chanukah menorahs, like the one shown above, have the shamash in the middle. Others have it on the side:
Regardless, this kind of menorah is the one that has been lit by Jews on Chanukah for thousands of years. It's the menorah you'll seen in photographs of Jewish households, including this famous picture taken in Germany in 1931:
(The message written on the back of the photo reads: "Death to Judah"/ So the flag says/ "Judah will live forever"/ So the light answers)
On Chanukah, whoever is lighting the menorah will first light the shamash, then the number of candles corresponding to whichever night of Chanukah it is. The first night, only the rightmost candle is lit, the second night the two rightmost, etc. (The newest candle is always lit first):
Again, a valid Chanukah menorah has eight branches of equal length, along with a shamash. There is no such thing as a Chanukah menorah with six branches of equal length and a longer seventh branch, and no valid Chanukah menorah has eight branches of completely different lengths.
If you see either of the above designs (or anything similar) on Chanukah-themed decor, it tells you the creator has absolutely no idea what they're doing and couldn't be bothered to do more than two seconds of research to make sure their product was accurate. Anyone who knows anything about the holiday will laugh at these. (They may buy them anyway, especially if that's all that's available-- my new Chanukah sweater has an invalid menorah pattern, but it's adorable, so I'm still going to wear it. But I am also laughing about it and invite you all to do the same.)
Anyway, have a happy Chanukah, everyone!
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one thing that so many students forget is that, a win is a win. if you planned on doing english homework but instead you finished your history essay, celebrate that, don’t be upset taht you didn’t sick to your plan, at least you got SOMETHING DONE. a win is a fucking win and don’t let anyone tell you different.
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