#coagulation technology
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Harnessing Nature: Insights into the Organic Coagulant Market
The organic coagulant market is projected to reach at USD 3,811.5 million in 2030 with a CAGR of 9% in the years to come.
The major reasons for this development of the industry are the scarcity of drinking and fresh water in residential and industrial areas along with the rising population, and urbanization.
And the rising demand for facilities like sewage treatment, industrial water treatment, fertilizer production, food & beverage industry, and paper manufacturing helps the demand for the chemical to grow.
And another major reason for the increasing demand is the growing population, which is creating an enormous demand for clean water and for which a need for advanced purification methods and also with the expansion of infrastructure for water treatment by government to meet the demand are all contributing the growth of eco-friendly water purification.
The oil & gas category will grow at a highest CAGR of 10% over the years, which is driven by the increasing use of organic chemicals with water at a required concentration for drilling and petroleum extraction purposes.
While, onshore and offshore operations both require different filtration processes as in onshore normal water is available, whereas offshore require advanced system to filter seawater.
In addition, research and development activities are also contributing to the demand for organic coagulants, with eco-friendly solutions being explored for wastewater treatment.
Moreover, the increasing government focus to implement policies for water quality monitoring because of the increasing population all over the world. Strict regulations to prevent the direct release of harmful chemicals from industries and untreated sewage into water bodies.
APAC will grow the fastest in the organic coagulant market at a CAGR of 9.5% in the years to come due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization with rising population along with the rising investments in water treatment plant development and strict regulations on sewage disposal. Countries like India, China, South Korea, and Japan are expanding their contribution for the water treatment.
#organic coagulant#water treatment#wastewater treatment#coagulation solutions#eco-friendly chemicals#sustainable water treatment#natural coagulants#organic flocculants#water purification#organic coagulant applications#environmental sustainability#industrial water treatment#market growth#coagulation technology#organic chemicals
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can i rq yandere fluffy AU springtrap? maybe something hes hunting the reader down inside the ‘horror attraction’. idk, i just want sum scary for the stinky, rotten bunny
Sure! This may be easier now that the Fluffy AU has some sort of plot.
Just a warning. Fluffy AU! Springtrap is much different than normal Springtrap. He acts more like an insane Springbonnie here.
Lost... but found
Yandere! Fluffy AU! Springbonnie/Springtrap Scenario
Pairing: Romantic/Platonic
Possible Trigger Warnings: Gender-Neutral Darling, Mentioned death, Stalking, Obsession at first sight, Blood, Disturbing descriptions, Vomit mention, Gore, Family death mentioned, Forced relationship (dubious on the type), Springtrap acts like a feral animal at times, Implied Fluffy AU! Springtrap/Springbonnie has some sort of personality issue due to isolation, Betrayal from both parties.
The idea of discovering the origin of rumors is an idea many would call stupid. Honestly, you'd agree with such a statement for the most part, but here you are.... You were looking for an old dilapidated building that was rumored to exist on the outskirts of your town.
Supposedly there were experiments that went on there in an attempt to create life. Yet another story to essentially tell humans not to play God. The idea of such a discovery intrigued you.
Perhaps you really did take after your father... deep down you knew those rumors weren't really rumors.
The place was real, deep in the woods with plants threatening to grow into the metal paneling. Your father worked there when you were really young... he never came back. In fact a lot of people didn't come back after working there according to the stories.
You were determined to discover just what went wrong... craving closure for what happened to your father so long ago.
You wouldn't deny that what you were doing was stupid. Yet you were willing to make sacrifices. In your bag was food with water, a flashlight with batteries, and first aid. You weren't sure what you were going to find...
But as you approach the large metal building with wildlife covering the exterior...
You're sure you'll find out.
---
Upon entering the large metal building, breaking the electronic lock to push the gigantic metal doors, you're met with a repulsive smell. That should've been your cue to turn back... only for the large metal doors to become stuck after malfunctioning due to the newly damaged lock. You shouldn't have expected any of this technology to work at all.
Your shoes squeak across the floor and you fight the urge to vomit. The smell was similar to rotting meat and old metallic blood. Upon looking closer you see dried puddles of the stuff... the larger pools coagulating into what looks like a gelled substance.
Yeah... this was a mistake... but since the death of your only known living parent, who else did you have?
You'd be alone either way.
Your footsteps echo in the large building as you explore. You flinch softly at the slightest of sounds, never feeling truly alone. Such a thought was not comforting.
Perhaps... deep down... you sensed something following you. Skeletal claws lightly clicked through the shadows while you walk deeper and deeper into the building. There was no turning back... and you were being hunted.
Dead eyes follow your body, gaze never looking away. It's been a long time since the rabbit had a plaything. The others either died or lost their minds. Other creations roamed this facility... yet they were heavily wounded.
Many lost their senses. The rabbit recalls an old friend had even managed to escape. But ever since his little... massacre... the building was more dead and boring.
The moment his predatory gaze locked on you... he felt excitement. The rotten rabbit eagerly followed you, making it known to those other creations that he was top dog here. You are his prey... his hunt...
His newest friend.
---
You had seen the horrors this building had to offer soon enough. Creations without eyes... face... limbs even, roamed this facility blindly. Some could pick up your smell... but strangely enough... they never gave chase long.
You sit on one of the cleaner parts of the floor, pulling out a makeshift ration. You sigh, hoping to find another place to escape yet also find some sort of clues. Even without clues about your father... you could put two and two together.
Upon opening your ration, you hear a noise. You pause... heart beating quickly. Clicking of what sounds like claws is heard before stopping. Your eyes skim the dimly lit area before stopping on a hunched over figure.
Seemingly on its hands and knees or squatting in the shadows around a corner, a set of greenish eyes stare at you. You look at the rotting creature in fear, watching as it flicks from you to your food. You squint at the creature.
One of its ears is seemingly bitten or rotted off. Its feet are skeletal, torn rotten fleshy tendrils droop over the bone with bits of blood. All over the body were holes of rotten flesh... like the others, it looked zombified. You could barely tell it was some sort of rabbit.
The smell of the beast and building makes you ill. Looking down at your food you decide to not eat. Instead... you toss it to the beast with the intention of luring it away. You see the rabbit twitch, gaze swapping to the food and tilting its head. You then see a rotten paw snatch the food and the beast chow down eagerly.
You watch carefully before standing up and slowly walking away. The beast stops eating the food, eyes snapping towards you before growling. You pause... and it stops.
"What a lost soul...." The beast rasps, gaze never once leaving you as it finishes its meal. You could only assume it was male due to the masculine voice. "Poor thing... did you willingly walk into this beast pen?"
"You can talk...." You whisper. The rabbit looked amused, stand up to his full height. He towered over you even though you were a good few paces away.
"All of us can. It's just that many have lost their minds. Some are still very kind, some are more... sadistic. You're lucky I found you."
"... what makes you say that?"
"There's a bear here who would do unspeakable things to you... a couple foxes and chickens, too. Honestly, it would do you good to trust me." The rabbit grins, a grin you don't trust. "I'll try not to bite."
You keep your distance with a frown. You had to play along or this one may just kill you here. You had a feeling he was only so talkative because you bothered to feed him....
"What do you gain if you help me?"
The rabbit's ears droop, seeming to frown.
"I only want a friend, dear. It's been so long since I saw a human such as you. Care to tell me about yourself? A name? Your purpose here?"
You sigh, you needed some sort of ally here. You give your name to the rabbit beast and explain your intentions. He appears to test the name on his tongue before nodding.
"My father used to work here..." You admit, the rabbit humming and tilting his head. "I was looking for clues of his disappearance."
"It sounds like fate brought us to meet." The rabbit jokes. "Call me Springtrap, dear..."
The rabbit grins and steps forward, leaning down to meet your gaze. The smell stuns you.
"I think we'll be great friends."
---
By this point your nose progressively grows numb to the smell of the building and your undead guide. Springtrap, the rabbit beast who holds a strange choice of name, has been the beast to help you in your strange quest.
What he said before was somewhat right. You had seen many more of the strange creatures so similar to him. Many were somehow in worse condition than him....
You had asked Springtrap if he knew of any alternate exits. The rabbit gave you a vague answer but promised to help you in your search. In exchange, you served as his companion.
Springtrap thought when he first tried to hunt you that you'd just be a toy he could get rid of later. Turns out... he liked you more than he thought. Plus, it had been forever since he had any human food.
The benefit to being the 'alpha' creature here, being one of the first created, was no one dared to touch you. Springtrap could only imagine what would happen if another beast got their hands on you. Oh... the gore was almost tantalizing.
Springtrap thought your motive was amusing. Your father worked here? How sad... your dad may have been a victim of the rabbit. He'd never imply such a thing to you, however.
Another thing he didn't plan to let happen was your escape. As sadistic as he is due to his isolated rotting brain... he'd be a fool to let his little human go. After all... you and him were friends now.
It didn't seem like you had anyone else to go to based on your passive conversations anyways. Isn't that a reason enough to stay beside him? You're both rather lonely....
Part of him leftover from when he was known as Springbonnie still yearned for a friend...
That's why he plans to keep you.
Even while you looked at busted mechanisms around the building, he knew you couldn't escape. Even if you managed to open a door...
You couldn't escape him.
Your conversations were always mundane. Even then the rabbit found them pleasant. It was always small things.
"Did you ever play games here?"
"What was this place like before?"
"How long has it been since the shut down?"
Springtrap faintly recalled games he used to play with a handler or two. The place before... used to be great until he died. The shut down... he wasn't sure how long it had been.
All he remembers is fighting and boredom. He didn't even have Fredbear to torment. All he had was himself...
But now he had you...
That's all that really mattered, right?
---
Springtrap forgot how it felt to have a friend. He thought they were just like toys. You play with them... then get rid of them.
With you... that wasn't how he felt. He liked seeing you vulnerable yet didn't want to hurt you. Seeing you collapse on the floor, exhausted and in need of sleep, didn't make him feel like he had to finish the job.
He wanted to hold you... though his smell would surely make you vomit... again.
Instead, Springtrap dropped his sadistic persona and sat beside you. You made him more in touch with his Springbonnie self instead of his newer identity. He liked it...
He loved you.
In his mind, you belonged here. He'd claim you as his and make your home here. The issue was how to get you to stay....
The rabbit lays beside you, matted fur fluffing softly once his body hit the tiles. His eyes never leave you and your resting body. He knows you'd hate this but...
A clawed paw pulls you closer, despite you twitching in your sleep.
Surely you wouldn't mind if he held you like this? Feeling your warmth on his fur made the beast smile. Springtrap... Springbonnie... was no longer forgotten.
He'll keep you with him one way or another.
---
Betrayal was an emotion that Springtrap remembered. He had faced it when he was locked in the facility like the rest, a test subject for some unknown project. He hated the feeling...
Looking at you now, he was sure you hated it too.
How else would you feel in this situation? The beast who said he was your friend and guide was now pinning you to the ground, growling. You found a way to escape... and he wasn't having it.
He knows he's hurting you... although you are hurting him. He doesn't want to face betrayal anymore. In fact, he feels good when making someone else feel that pain.
The rabbit would be an idiot to let you leave. You're his friend... and you would not abandon him. He wouldn't allow it.
He hated it when Fredbear left. He hated it when he was tortured by Afton. He'd rather die than let you leave.
You cry underneath him, claws digging into your flesh. He smells blood and his eyes are blown wide. You're in pain...
Perhaps it's deserved.
"Why would you try to abandon me?" He hisses. "No... we're supposed to be friends now!"
He scratches you... you sob as a result.
"We're going to be together... forever...!"
Springtrap growls, leaning closer. The stench still violates your nose and you yearn for fresh air. Springtrap laughs at your struggling.
"Don't look so sad... remember what I said before? This must be fate!"
Springtrap turns you to face him, grin wide.
"You were going to die once you entered here anyways. At least allow me to keep you until then~"
Your sobs are prompts ignored. Springtrap only holds you closer in his matted fur and cooed. You were a fool and you knew it...
Maybe you really were fated to die here... like your father.
#yandere five nights at freddy's#yandere fnaf#yandere fnaf fluffy au#yandere springtrap#yandere fluffy au springtrap#yandere springbonnie
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What Is an Industrial Water Treatment System and How Does It Work?
Water is the lifeblood of countless industrial processes. But unlike the kind that comes out of your tap, industrial water often needs a little extra TLC before it's ready for action. That's where industrial water treatment systems come in. At PureBact, we understand the importance of clean, reliable water for your facility's operations.
Here's a breakdown of what industrial water treatment systems are and how they work:
What is an Industrial Water Treatment System?
An industrial water treatment system is a customized set of processes designed to remove impurities and adjust the properties of water to make it suitable for a specific industrial application. This could involve anything from making boiler feed water ultra-pure to treating wastewater before it's released back into the environment.
Why is Industrial Water Treatment Important?
Untreated water can wreak havoc on your industrial processes. Minerals can cause scaling and corrosion in pipes and equipment, while contaminants can affect product quality. Proper water treatment helps to:
Protect equipment: By removing impurities that can cause corrosion and scaling, you can extend the lifespan of your valuable machinery.
Ensure product quality: Consistent water quality is essential for producing consistent, high-quality products.
Minimize environmental impact: Industrial wastewater treatment helps to remove pollutants before they are released back into the environment.
Reduce operating costs: By preventing equipment damage and ensuring efficient operation, proper water treatment can save you money in the long run.
How Does Industrial Water Treatment Work?
The specific treatment processes used will vary depending on the source water and the desired end product. However, some common methods include:
Pre-treatment: This stage removes large particles such as sand, debris, and organic matter through filtration or sedimentation.
Clarification: Coagulation and flocculation techniques help suspended solids clump together and settle out of the water.
Filtration: Various filtration technologies, like sand filters or membrane filters, remove finer particles and contaminants.
Ion exchange: This process removes unwanted ions by exchanging them for harmless ones.
Deionization: A specialized form of ion exchange that removes both positively and negatively charged ions to create high-purity water.
Disinfection: Chemicals like chlorine or ultraviolet light can be used to kill bacteria and other microorganisms.
PureBact: Your Partner in Industrial Water Treatment
At PureBact, we offer a comprehensive range of industrial water treatment solutions. Our team of experts will work with you to assess your specific needs and design a custom system that ensures optimal water quality for your operations.
Contact PureBact today to learn more about how we can help your business thrive with clean, reliable industrial water.
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On the planet Sonic and co. inhabit, there are two primary sources of energy: Life & Chaos.
Life Energy is the heartbeat of their world — the source of all, one that can be found in every living being (both flora and fauna). It’s the very essence of the planet itself, comparable to aether or the lifestream in Final Fantasy. Naturally occuring, vital, and poisonous in excess.* ①
While Life Energy is more something you feel rather than see, it has some instances of manifestation: the aurora borealis, bioluminescent waters, and light rays being some. With the correct technology, this energy can be condescended into a physical form, which is the green liquid seen in Lost World. Despite it’s volatile nature in this state, it can be used to power machines, tech, and even people — at a cost.
The most well-documented examples of physical manifestation of Life Energy are the Chaos Emeralds: the result of energy coagulating over many, many years. While it’s been theorized that there may have been more emeralds in early history, there are now only seven, not including the Master Emerald. As for why the planet stopped producing them, no one knows.
The deities of their world, Dark* ② and Light Gaia, are made of Life Energy.
This is why Chip’s powers, such as the protective shield around Sonic, and Dark Gaia’s blood, are all green.
After the Time of Awakening comes to a close, the two rejoin at the world’s core and become whole again — Gaia, a singular entity: their Planet Egg.
During the very first sundering of the planet, the Chaos Emeralds were thrown into the cosmos as the earth cracked apart. They drifted into space, lost for a millenia, before falling into the hands of The Ancients. The emeralds were a great boon to them, and through their studies, became the first to utilize Chaos Energy to power their technology.
Chaos Energy is the magic force of Life Energy. It’s mystical and difficult to predict; thoughts to will, energy to power — “power enriched by the heart.” Because the Chaos Emeralds are a direct result of the planet, inside them, they carry it’s memories. These are traces of endless history and information, constantly flowing and rearranging; the very thing that inspired the Ancients to create Cyberspace. This knowledge not only connects the user to the emerald, but allows them to tap into it’s power.
While everyone on their planet is made up of Life Energy, not all can use the emeralds to harness Chaos Energy. Only those with a strong chaos affinity (chaos sensitive?) can. Sonic, as an example, was able to teleport with the fake emerald* ③ in Sonic Adventure 2 thanks to his chaos affinity. Like any other magic, this is a skill that can be practiced… if you have an emerald. * ④
Because Chaos Energy is magic influenced by the user’s emotions, there are three types: Negative, Neutral, and Positive. All have different outcomes, ergo, different kinds of powers. While anyone with a chaos affinity can use all three, some may lean closer to one side than the other.
After the remaining Ancients migrated to Angel Island, they were around for the next Time of Awakening and aided Light Gaia in it’s quest to fix the planet. They wrote the Gaia Manuscripts, and built the world’s first Gaia Temples; buildings based on their own, past experiences harnassing the emeralds’ power.
As thanks for their help, Light Gaia gifted them a guardian: the Master Emerald, the last known natural emerald. Directly linked with Gaia inside the planet’s core, it’s vaguely sentient, and the most powerful gem on Earth — even surpassing that of the Chaos Emeralds with it’s ability to perform incredible miracles, such a warping reality itself, or raising an entire island into the sky.
①. Chaos Radiation is what happens when you get too much of a good thing. In excess, both Life and Chaos Energy can make you quite sick. What starts off as nausea and unease can eventually lead to full cell degradation. Fortunately, the latter takes some time… like, a few thousand years kind of time.
②. Dark Gaia Energy is not a seperate source of energy, but is actually Negative Chaos Energy.
③. Fake emeralds are similar to Chaos Drives. Condescended. Chaos emeralds are the natural version, and chaos drives/fake emeralds are the man-made option.
④. In the case of Shadow, he does not need an emerald to access basic Chaos Energy due to the nature of his creation. Gerald’s use of Chaos Drives gave Shadow a natural reservoir of Chaos Energy — basically, making him his own Chaos Drive. An emerald makes it so he can use stronger abilities.
#* ∙ ✰ / headcanons.#worldbuilding tag#a bit of a condensed + revisited version of my old post discussing the differences in energy for my canon#i'm still not sold on what frontiers did with the emeralds but i'm doing my best to make it work with my stuff (ough)
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may i ask what was the comic you hated? or rank the worst comics you've ever read? ffgjfjf
yes absolutely here are the top ten comics never to fucking touch if you even remotely value yourself and your mental health, in ascending order of how much I fucking hate them:
Animal Man (1988)
Okay, right off the bat, I'll have to admit: Morrison's run is decent. But everyone who claims that this comic is a "classic" or a "masterpiece of what you can accomplish in the medium" has thankfully only ever been subjected to Morrison's drug-fueled meditations on the nature of parallel universes and the importance of animal rights and not the complete and utter shitshow that was 50+ issues of: Animal Man turning into the knock-off Jersey Devil, Animal Man losing control of his powers and running around the suburbs naked and howling at the moon, Animal Man turning his daughter into the figurehead of a cult for reasons I still do not understand and do not care to comprehend.
Like I cannot even describe to you how divorced these plotlines are from any semblance of thought processes other than "how do I make this as fucked up as possible?" And I know it's a Vertigo title and I know that it's kind of par for the course in that regard but surely. Surely we can do better than this. Anyway, my favorite character was Animal Man's son, Cliff, who didn't deserve literally anything that happened to him I hope he has a good life.
2. Aquaman (1994)
I know. I know that a lot of people like this book. It is apparently a great book when you close your eyes and ignore everything that actually happens in the book. And let me tell you I tried. I read about ~60 issues of this garbage fire before giving up. It's just gritty, meaningless nonsense intermixed with feeble attempts at worldbuilding and increasingly icky romantic ventures. Like, Aquaman loses a hand to a bunch of carnivorous piranhas (haha), gets possessed by alien technology he found under Atlantis (???), and flies into frequent rages over the people around him, understandably, refusing to obey his every command (good for them). He's an asshole! And not even in a good way! No one in this comic has any semblance of an emotional connection to each other, be it good or bad, and their motivations often fall flat because of that. Not to mention that the colorist just. Pinkified the Inuit character. Great. Awesome. I hate it here.
3. Plastic Man (2004)
How. How did this book get an Eisner Award. Did we read the same fucking comic??? Was bribery involved??? I feel insane. All you need to know about this book is that its very last issue had a joke about the act of necrophilia on a minor. And for a book that was marketed based on its humor, it had one (1) funny panel, and that was it. Bad. I'm so sorry Plastic Man maybe you'll get a series I'll actually enjoy reading one day...
4. Green Lantern: New Guardians
Congratulations, you gave Kyle superpowers equal to a god! Now what interesting and impactful stories are you going to tell with this newfound power of his that doesn’t completely detract from the previous themes or further convert the franchise into blatant military propaganda? ...What do you mean you’re going to make Ganthet into Kyle’s father figure. Why did you create a romantic relationship between him and Carol. Why is every modern Green Lantern comic obsessed with the supposed benefits of a universal police presence when everything prior to the 2005 series consistently denounced it. This entire book was just a paltry imitation of the Ion arc of the 90s, and you should that instead of this, because this was just OOC nonsense.
5. Green Lantern: Rebirth
Parallax retcon written by Geoff Johns. Enough said.
6. The Flash (2011)
Once again mutilated from the corpse of actually good material, this comic is a coagulated monstrosity of editorial bullshit and increasingly desperate attempts at portraying the cops as the Good Guys. Hell, during this shitshow of a book, Barry arrests his own future nephew for spray-painting anti-Flash sentiments onto an alley, who, may I add, was introduced in this scene, and as a black character. Love that. Furthermore, Barry’s personality solely consists of being overly attached to his work and his primary motivation to being a hero is a rip-off of Batman’s origins. Iris has been dumbed down and smoothed out into unrecognizability and her romantic relationship to Barry has no basis or emotion to it. Just. Everything about this comic is OOC and completely disingenuous to previous canon and deliberately mean-spirited towards its fans. It doesn’t even feel like it wants to tell a good story. It just feels like it wants to shame the readers for liking the characters and themes that existed before the reboot.
7. Fate
The epitome of everything wrong about 90s comics. A powerful protagonist with no motivation behind any of his actions, overly complicated storylines with no plot cohesion, and a constant gritty and pessimistic atmosphere that serves no purpose other than to exemplify the main character’s unlikability. You could, in theory, say that that was the entire point of the comic, but that still doesn’t change the fact that this book is needlessly preachy and self-absorbed and just plain boring. Loved it when the main character died in JSA. Bad.
8. Secret Six (2006)
On rare occasions, I see individuals lauding Gail Simone as this beloved icon of feminism in the comic industry, and I urge those same people to read Secret Six because their opinion will change. The one WOC, Chesire, is demonized into one of the worst racist caricatures I have ever had the displeasure of reading, which of course means that she has the dubious honor of playing the part of the Dragon Lady and the Asian Baby Mama trope. Jade is a completely different character in this, and the text is all but too happy to ignore her prior history in favor of making her as immoral and sexualized as possible. Everything has to relate to sex. The dialogue is clunky and unrealistic. And like, this comic has been upheld for its queer representation before, but having queer characters doesn’t mean that it is any way good, and it certainly doesn’t mean that it should be excused for the blatant mess that it actually is. I hate it so much.
9. Heroes in Crisis
Do I even need to explain.
10. Green Arrow (2011)
THE WORST COMIC I'VE EVER FUCKING READ. MY GOD. You might be thinking to yourself right now, “oh, how bad can it really be?” and the answer to that question is BAD. Here are some plot points: Ollie fucks a group of triplets in the wilderness while being chased by bears (idk but i’m not rereading this goddamn thing to give you the exact details) while everyone around him rightfully assumes he’s died in a ditch, Ollie finds out he’s the rightful heir to a magical arrow cult and gets tortured by his father for it (???), and Shado, a woman who in previous canon was involved with Ollie, now has a daughter with his father. Like. It’s bad!!! Nothing about it is salvageable!!! Nothing about it is a Green Arrow comic!!! Don’t fucking read this!!!
in conclusion: i hate all of these please please please take my advice and never touch them. do this for yourself and not for me. also if you are a fan of any of these comics sorry that i despise your beloveds or whatever please make your hate post about me on your own blog and not on mine thx 😭🙏🙏
#only reason identity crisis isn't on this is because i haven't read it. if i ever read it i know that i'll explode and die#also praying this doesn't end up in the tags i would love to stop the streak of weird anons i've been getting for the past month 🤡🤡#asks#dc
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Horseshoe crab blood is vital for testing intravenous drugs, but new synthetic alternatives could mean pharma won’t bleed this unique species dry
- By Kristoffer Whitney , Jolie Crunelle , Rochester Institute of Technology , The Conversation -
If you have ever gotten a vaccine or received an intravenous drug and did not come down with a potentially life-threatening fever, you can thank a horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus).
How can animals that are often called living fossils, because they have barely changed over millions of years, be so important in modern medicine? Horseshoe crab blood is used to produce a substance called limulus amebocyte lysate, or LAL, which scientists use to test for toxic substances called endotoxins in intravenous drugs.
These toxins, produced by bacteria, are ubiquitous in the environment and can’t be removed simply through sterilization. They can cause a reaction historically referred to as “injection fever.” A strong concentration can lead to shock and even death.
Identifying LAL as a highly sensitive detector of endotoxins was a 20th-century medical safety breakthrough. Now, however, critics are raising questions about environmental impacts and the process for reviewing and approving synthetic alternatives to horseshoe crab blood.
We study science, technology and public policy, and recently published a white paper examining social, political and economic issues associated with using horseshoe crabs to produce LAL. We see this issue as a test case for complicated problems that cut across multiple agencies and require attention to both nature and human health.
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Protecting horseshoe crabs will require persuading the heavily regulated pharmaceutical industry to embrace change.
An ocean solution
Doctors began injecting patients with various solutions in the mid-1800s, but it was not until the 1920s that biochemist Florence Seibert discovered that febrile reactions were due to contaminated water in these solutions. She created a method for detecting and removing the substances that caused this reaction, and it became the medical standard in the 1940s.
Known as the rabbit pyrogen test, it required scientists to inject intravenous drugs into rabbits, then monitor the animals. A feverish rabbit meant that a batch of drugs was contaminated.
The LAL method was discovered by accident. Working with horseshoe crabs at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in the 1950s and ’60s, pathobiologist Frederik Bang and medical researcher Jack Levin noticed that the animals’ blue blood coagulated in a curious manner. Through a series of experiments, they isolated endotoxin as the coagulant and devised a method for extracting LAL from the blood. This compound would gel or clot nearly instantaneously in the presence of fever-inducing toxins.
Academic researchers, biomedical companies and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration refined LAL production and measured it against the rabbit test. By the 1990s, LAL was the FDA-approved method for testing medicines for endotoxin, largely replacing rabbits.
Producing LAL requires harvesting horseshoe crabs from oceans and beaches, draining up to 30% of their blood in a laboratory and returning the live crabs to the ocean. There’s dispute about how many crabs die in the process – estimates range from a few percent to 30% or more – and about possible harmful effects on survivors.
Today there are five FDA-licensed LAL producers along the U.S. East Coast. The amount of LAL they produce, and its sales value, are proprietary.
Bait versus biotech
As biomedical LAL production ramped up in the 1990s, so did harvesting horseshoe crabs to use as bait for other species, particularly eel and whelk for foreign seafood markets. Over the past 25 years, hundreds of thousands – and in the early years, millions – of horseshoe crabs have been harvested each year for these purposes. Combined, the two fisheries kill over half a million horseshoe crabs every year.
There’s no agreed total population estimate for Limulus, but the most recent federal assessment of horseshoe crab fisheries found the population was neither strongly growing nor declining.
Conservationists are worried, and not just about the crabs. Millions of shorebirds migrate along the Atlantic coast, and many stop in spring, when horseshoe crabs spawn on mid-Atlantic beaches, to feed on the crabs’ eggs. Particularly for red knots – a species that can migrate up to 9,000 miles between the tip of South America and the Canadian Arctic – gorging on horseshoe crab eggs provides a critical energy-rich boost on their grueling journey.
Red knots were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2015, largely because horseshoe crab fishing threatened this key food source. As biomedical crab harvests came to equal or surpass bait harvests, conservation groups began calling on the LAL industry to find new sources.
Biomedical alternatives
Many important medicines are derived from living organisms. Penicillin, the first important antibiotic, was originally produced from molds. Other medicines currently in use come from sources including cows, pigs, chickens and fish. The ocean is a promising source for such products.
When possible, synthesizing these substances in laboratories – especially widely used medications like insulin – offers many benefits. It’s typically cheaper and more efficient, and it avoids putting species at risk, as well as addressing concerns some patients have about using animal-derived medical products.
In the 1990s, researchers at the National University of Singapore invented and patented the first process for creating a synthetic, endotoxin-detecting compound using horseshoe crab DNA and recombinant DNA technology. The result, dubbed recombinant Factor C (rFC), mimicked the first step in the three-part cascade reaction that occurs when LAL is exposed to endotoxin.
Later, several biomedical firms produced their own versions of rFC and compounds called recombinant cascade reagents (rCRs), which reproduce the entire LAL reaction without using horseshoe crab blood. Yet, today, LAL remains the dominant technology for detecting endotoxins in medicine.
A sample of horseshoe crab blood. Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, CC BY-NC-ND
The main reason is that the U.S. Pharmacopeia, a quasi-regulatory organization that sets safety standards for medical products, considers rFC and rCR as “alternative” methods for detecting endotoxins, so they require case-by-case validation for use – a potentially lengthy and expensive process. The FDA generally defers to the U.S. Pharmacopeia.
A few large pharmaceutical companies with deep pockets have committed to switching from LAL to rFC. But most drug producers are sticking with the tried-and-true method.
Conservation groups want the U.S. Pharmacopeia to fully certify rFC for use in industry with no extra testing or validation. In their view, LAL producers are stalling rFC and rCR approval to protect their market in endotoxin detection. The U.S. Pharmacopeia and LAL producers counter that they are doing due diligence to protect public health.
Change in the offing
Change may be coming. All major LAL producers now have their own recombinant products – a tacit acknowledgment that markets and regulations are moving toward Limulus-free ways to test for endotoxins.
Atlantic fisheries regulators are currently considering new harvest limits for horseshoe crabs, and the U.S. Pharmacopeia is weighing guidance on recombinant alternatives to LAL. Public comments will be solicited over the winter of 2024, followed by U.S. Pharmacopeia and FDA review.
Even if rFC and rCR don’t win immediate approval, we believe that collecting more complete data on horseshoe crab populations and requiring more transparency from the LAL industry on how it handles the crabs would represent progress. So would directing medical companies to use recombinant products for testing during the manufacturing process, while saving LAL solely for final product testing.
Making policy on complex scientific issues across diverse agencies is never easy. But in our view, incremental actions that protect both human health and the environment could be important steps forward.
Kristoffer Whitney, Associate Professor of Science, Technology and Society, Rochester Institute of Technology and Jolie Crunelle, Master's Degree Student in Science, Technology, and Public Policy, Rochester Institute of Technology
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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Read Also
The FDA no longer mandates all drugs to be tested on animals before being tested on humans
#animals#animal welfare#biotech#pharma#clinical trials#medtech#health#blood#medicine#animal testing#horseshoe crab
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Interaction between nanoplastics and pectin, a water-soluble polysaccharide
Microplastics are known to collect in ecosystems and nanoplastics occur from the breaking down of microplastics. Nanoplastics are plastic particles of sizes less than 100 nm and when they are in water, they are dispersed in a colloidal form. Nanoplastics might be more prevalent than microplastics, but it is hard to analyze and study them in-depth due to their size. In zebrafish, however, nanoplastics have been found in various organs including the brain, which may be an indicator that it crosses the blood-brain barrier.
In towns and cities, 90% of microplastics are captured in the sewage treatment process. In the ocean, microplastics are also known to sink to the bottom by binding to biopolymers. Therefore, a research team at Shinshu University led by Professor Hiroshi Moriwaki of the Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology considered using pectin, a biopolymer to bind to nanoplastics with the help of Fe (III) or AI (III). They found that they were able to remove 95% of nanoplastics in the first 24 hours by using coagulating sedimentation with pectin and Fe(III) with filter paper.
Read more.
#Materials Science#Science#Nanotechnology#Plastics#Polymers#Environment#Biomaterials#Pectin#Shinshu University
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(@wingsofachampion) Hiya! Can you tell me how human technology works? -Tropius
Electricity????
Y'know considering there's a talking Meowth out there, I shouldn't be surprised by this but here we are
But uhh that's a question with multiple answers there, I'm specialized more toward computer science and Pokeball repair soooo...
For the Pokeball stuff read my earlier post about how Pokeballs work? Computers use silicon boards with components designed to compute binary math. The operating system with all the nice and easy clickable programs? That's a graphical interface meant for convenience, underneath that is a whole complicated mess of text commands and math.
The Pokemon Storage System is terrifying, and breaks Pokemon down into data with modified tech from Pokeballs. Not so scary at first, just sounds like a Pokeball that can store multiple 'mons. Nope, there's some caveats.
First, when broken down into data, Pokemon have no physical real-world form. Pokemon Special Attacks are powered by Infinity Energy, Pokemon generate and store Infinity Energy, then release it as an attack. What does that got to do with anything?
When in the storage system, Pokemon radiate Infinity Energy. Creating a large output of said energy. And without a proper outlet, you've got a bomb that can take out a small city block brewing in your server room! Please properly gauge and vent excess Infinity Energy. You get a tax write off, you're putting power back onto the grid. Please don't risk causing property damage and or loss of life because you're cheap and don't want to buy the proper tech for outputing this stuff.
Second, PSS boxes aren't like boxes you put your Pokeballs in. I'm talking full virtual worlds here, full artificially created digital spaces. There's no stasis, or anything similar to how Pokeballs handle storage. It's like a ranch on your computer.
Which leads into number three, eggs can be spawned from excess Infinity Energy. Yeah, y'know how mon like Grimer get born from sludge under moonlight or something? Same for Porygon, data begins to slowly coagulate due to Infinity Energy, creating an egg. TL:DR, depending how horribly you maintain your Storage System, you have a chance of a fully fledged virtual ecosystem growing in your server! Or worse, you get a Bad Egg.
You don't want a Bad Egg.
#unreality#pokemon#pkmn irl#I am not a professional#do not take my word as gospel#this is based on several sleep deprived college assignments#please ask a professional for more info.
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On the Elementals of Magic.
(Excerpt of home examination administered to the Xing family heir. Excerpt is taken from Section C, on Elementals of Magic and Their Uses in Wizarding.)
This paper is for internal use of Xing Family Magical Services for review purposes only.
C1. Define the term “magic elemental.”
An elemental of magic is a creature that embodies a particular facet of magical practice in its entirety, a coagulation of magical aspects in active form.
These creatures can differ in behavior from individual to individual, but have the common feature of instinctively wielding and affecting their specific field of magic by nature. They can perform spells and feats of magic that would fatigue even the most experienced wizard, so long as it is within their magical field.
It is uncertain if they can be said to be alive, as they do not age and feed only on magic if they can be said to feed at all. They have varying levels of intelligence and sapience and can often jump from level to level depending on the ambient magical energy.
Elementals of magic are crucial for the specialized study of magic, especially when isolating one magical effect is required for experimentation. Their value in trade depends on the variant’s rarity, though in general their magic-dependent nature usually causes them to only be spotted in areas populated by magic-wielding beings.
C2. Provided are some of the known classes of magic elementals. Describe these classes, including in your answer the form of manifestation, properties, uses, dangers, and method of obtaining each.
Vocal elementals - heard but not seen, manifesting as clusters of cottony white noise with no discernible magical effect save for a tickling at the back of the throat that compels a noise to be made.
The magical effect can be felt across a spiked or ovular area, sometimes connected to each other by thin, stringy links, similar to the area of magical aura surrounding everyday voices, but devoid of the actual sound that gives them meaning.
They are used as an alternative to technological means of collecting voices and retaining sound, leveraging the compulsion effect to get a faster result from uncooperative subjects. Some use them to improve the pace of public speaking while the spiked variants can be used for amplification of speech. Non-wizard magic healers will often request these as a treatment ingredient for loss of voice. As with all elementals, they are invaluable to the study of their specialized magical field, in their case the study of the magic of speech, as well as their possible conversion into a thought-extracting cloudy variant for mind-reading spells.
Overexposure to the vocal elemental’s effects causes one to become trapped in a state of babbling, only able to cease once the elemental has achieved consciousness after which it will often make off with the voice of the victim, leaving them mute until the elemental in question is Hunted and returned.
If starved, the spiked variant will often try to clamber tail-first into a victim’s throat, causing them to scream every word they say until they shout themselves silent and deprive the elemental of its sustenance.
Hunters will often bring in vocal elementals that spawn in areas sufficiently populated with vocal mimics. Alternatively, they can be created by siphoning the magic from voices of beings that speak unimportant drivel, or beings that have lost access to the language center of whatever serves as their brains.
Spatial elemental - Appears as either the impression of something that should be there or, more rarely, the impression that nothing should ever be there. Beings with supernatural sight describe the former as a dark presence in the arrangement of thin, tangled outlines, while the latter is either black or white depending on light levels of the area and flows into itself like a gutter.
These elementals have the ability to manipulate the space around them, opening portals and leaving seams in reality. They can change the dimensions of a space if left there long enough, creating physically impossible structures that are larger on the inside than out.
The lined variant is ingestible by practitioners of magic to gain powers of telekinesis while the gutter variant is invaluable for rearrangement of large scale structures when errors in architecture arise.
When left in a space for too long, their magic can cause said space to become spatially unstable, warping the affected area in unpredictable and often uncontrollable ways. This can result in labyrinths with impossible exits, vast, uncontained stretches of inescapable space, or any variety of splicing effects on nearby objects.
Spatial elementals of the lined variant can be created by puncturing the outline of any individual being, structure, or object, unraveling them into the space they once occupied.
The gutter variant is much rarer and Hunters report the capturing of them as being a flurry of disorientation and nausea. There is no known way to produce this variant artificially.
Presence elemental - A nebulous elemental class to define, presence elementals exist in relation to the observers that create them.
They initially appear in the corner of the eye when one is attempting to focus on something else, creating the sensation that there is something in the background that desperately needs to be paid attention to. They come about as existing objects sitting just in the periphery and bind the observer and object into a sort of pact of significance; object and observer will from that point on shape and distort each other the more meaning they project onto each other.
It is unknown how to uncouple this bond without destroying the object or the observer. Fortunately it seems that the object is the only party that distorts physically, though the elemental often causes psychological and emotional distress in the observer as they fixate on the object.
If not destroyed, the object will follow the observer around, constantly appearing in unobserved corners of whatever place the observer is in. This is the origin of many a haunted object story among beings not in the know about these creatures, and they are notoriously difficult to contain once they manifest.
Purposeful creation of these elementals is almost always immediately followed by their use; to amplify and prolong curses. Days of ritual casting a chain of concentration-heavy spells is required to make an existing object into a presence elemental, though advancements are being made to create alternative methods that both pose less danger to the caster and require less energy.
Alternatively, as the improper casting of any spell will eat up the concentration of the attempted caster, presence elementals have a tendency to show up in events when one is foolish enough to let their magic go very very wrong.
*Checked, Xi. Good luck for the permit exam. When you’re facing the people of the wizard colleges, do NOT bring the red sections up. Pay no attention to the recent events in Wardview- your performance is imperative to our name and should not be distracted from.
Love you as always.
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LIST OF STAR WARS VOCABULARY
This is an ongoing archive of terms and expressions to use in your writing. Please let me know if you want something added
Common Materials
Duracrete – The most common alternative to concrete
Durasteel – The most common alternative to steel
Ferrocrete – A mix of concrete and iron, stronger and more widely-used than concrete
Flimsi/flimsiplast – A material used for several things including flattening into sheets to use like paper
Mandalorian iron – An extremely strong metal that can resist lightsaber blades and blaster bolts. Known by its Mando'a name, beskar
Permacrete – A very strong and heat-resistant version of concrete, used in landing pads and spaceports
Plastoid – Used for the armour of the GAR and Imperial troopers and Darth Vader’s suit
Plasteel/plastisteel – A plastic and steel alloy, used for some (not very effective) armour
Quadanium steel – A metallic substance, used to build the hulls of the first and second Death Stars. Often shortened to Quadanium
Transparisteel – The most common alternative to glass
Everyday Terms
Airspeeder – Repulsorlift vehicle used on highly urban planets like Coruscant
Caf – Coffee
Datapad – Like a tablet
Holonet – Internet
Landspeeder – Repulsorlift vehicle that hovers above the ground
Power cell/power pack – Battery
Refectory – The dining halls of communal spaces like the Jedi Temple
Refresher/‘fresher – Bathroom
Sonic shower – An alternative to a water-based shower which uses ultrasonic vibrations
Tapcaf/tapcafe – A cantina, bar or café
Turbolift – Elevator
Medical Terms
Bacta – A chemical substance that regenerates tissue very quickly
Bacta patch – A bandage containing bacta. The equivalent of a Band-Aid
Bacta spray – Bacta in a pressurized container
Bone-knitter/bone stabilizer – An electronic device to heal and set bone fractures
Coagulant – Used to clot blood to stop wounds from bleeding
Coagulin – A brand of coagulant
Hypospray/hypodermic injector/hypo – A device used to inject liquid into a being’s body
Irrigation bulb – A small container holding cleansing liquid, used on wounds
Kolto – The predecessor to bacta
Laser cauterizer – A device that burns shut wounds by emitting a low-frequency laser beam
Laser scalpel – A laser-based surgical scalpel
Medbay/sickbay – An area on a starship for treating sicknesses and injuries
Medcenter – A hospital, sometimes one located in space
Medical capsule – A specialized repulsorlift stretcher, such as the one used to transport Darth Vader off Mustafar
Medical droid/meddroid – Droids specialized in stabilizing and treating patients
Medisensor – A handheld scanner for determining the patient’s condition
Medkit – A package full of tools and equipment to treat injuries, often found on starships
Medlab – A medical laboratory
Medpac – A smaller version of a medkit, meant for first aid and able to be carried onto the battlefield
Quick-seal splint – A fast-setting splint used to immobilize broken limbs
Repulsorlift stretcher/hover-stretcher – A stretcher with a built-in repulsorlift
Sonic scalpel – A scalpel used to cut away dead flesh
Spray-bandage – A liquid bandage containing bacta, meant to seal small wounds
Stim-shot/stimshot – A stimulant administered with a pneumatic syringe
Substance analyzer – A device to scan and analyze substances to detect poisins, toxins or other inconsistencies
Synthflesh – Synthetic mouldable material that mimics skin. Sometimes considered identical to synthskin
Vibroscalpel – A scalpel that uses vibrogenerator technology
Technology
Communication and Data Storage
Comlink – A communications device worn on the wrist or carried in a pocket
Datacard – A device to store and transfer information, like a USB
Datacron – A small, polygonal data storage device, mainly used for encrypted data
Datapack – A group of datacards
Holobook – An electronic book, often stored on a datapad or its own device
Holocron – A datacron that can only be accessed by Force-users
Holofile – A data file with a holographic interface
Holopad – A handheld hologram projector
Holoprojector – A device to record, receive, send and/or project holograms
Holorecorder – A device to record holograms
Holotransmitter – Any device that transmits information using holograms
Transmitter – Refers to any device used to relay information
Starships
Aural sensor – A device found on all starships that gives an audio simulation of the pilot’s surroundings in space
B-wing – A Rebel Alliance fighter and bomber, later replaced by the B-wing Mark II
E-2T medical shuttle – A ship used by the Empire to transport injured troops
EF76 Nebulon-B escort frigate – A large capital ship often modified by the Rebllion for use as a hospital ship
Flight computer – A computer system that monitors all systems on a starfighter, such as the engine and power systems, and translates a pilot’s commands into actions
Full-spectrum transceiver – A sensor package equipped on most non-combat starships that is capable of detecting a very wide range of phenomena but tends to have a low sensitivity
Gravity well projector – A device used to pull ships out of hyperspace by creating a strong artificial gravity well (called an interdiction field)
Haven-class medical station – A space station used by the Republic to treat clone troopers
Hyperdrive – The propulsion system that allows equipped ships to travel in hyperspace
Hyperspace – A separate dimension that can only be reached by travelling at or above lightspeed
Inertial compensator – A device used in starships to counteract the affects of large accelerations on the passengers. Many pilots dialed back their compensators to 95-97 percent while engaging in high-g-force maneuvers in order to feel the ship’s performance
Ion engine – The most common type of sublight engine, also called an ion drive or thruster
MedStar-class frigate – A medical supply and transport ship that served during the Clone Wars and later under the Empire
Navicomp/navicomputer – The most common navigational device. Usually found in starships but can also be handheld
Pelta-class frigate – A ship used as both a cargo frigate and a medical transport, often escorting the lighter-armed MedStar-class frigate
Republic Troop Transport (RTT) – The ship commonly used to transport clones and Jedi during the Clone Wars
Sensor window – An opening in the nose of a starfighter through which the sensors “see”
S-foils – Moving wings on a starfighter. Not every fighter has them
Sprint-class rescue craft/med runner – Used to transport dead and wounded troops and respond to deep-space distress signals
Starship sensor array/sensor suite – The system of sensors on a starship that allow it to navigate, detect obstacles, chart interstellar bodies, and more
Sublight engine – An engine that allows ships to travel at speeds below lightspeed, also called a sublight drive or thruster
T-5 Deliverance – A variant of the Lambda-class T-5a shuttle used to deliver medical supplies to the battlefield
Targeting computer – A device used to help pilots target their weapons. Produces a digital view of the battlefield and provides crosshairs to let the pilot know when the target is vulnerable
Viewport – The windows on a ship or starfighter
X-wing – A starfighter used by the Rebel Alliance
Y-wing – A starfighter and bomber with two seats
Other Transportation
Gravsled – A hovering sled used to carry and transport things. Also called a hoversled or repulsor sled
Maglev train – A public transit vehicle on Coruscant
Repulsorlift – An anti-gravity device used in almost every type of vehicle. Often shortened to repulsor
Snowspeeder – A T-47 airspeeder modified by the Alliance for use on Hoth
Speeder bike – An open-air repulsor vehicle, like a motorcycle
Swoop bike – An overpowered speeder bike
Slang and Insults
Astral! – Awesome
Backwater – Adjective used to mean an inferior or out-of-the-way planet or place
Bantha fodder – Either states that something is a lie (used the same as bullshit) or a waste (e.g., I won’t let you become bantha fodder)
Blast! – An interjection
Civvies – Civilians or civilian clothing
Clanker – Battle droid
Darkspace – Yuuzhan Vong for hyperspace
Di'kut – Mandalorian, meaning “idiot”
Dirtball/dustball – A derogatory term for a planet, usually one with a dry or barren surface
Emperor’s Black Bones! – An exclamation
Fierfek – A Huttese expletive
Flyboy – Slang for a starfighter pilot
Force-forsaken – God-forsaken
For Force’s sake – For God’s sake
Gentlebeing – A version of “gentleman” used for all genders and species
Hell – Used the same as in real life
Imps/Impies – Slang for Imperials
Karabast – A Lasat expletive
Kark – Strong expletive
Klick – Kilometer
Kriff – Expletive (e.g., What a kriffing idiot.)
Nerfherder – An Alderaanian job used as an insult
Sitting mynocks – Sitting ducks
Sleemo, slimeball – A jerk
Spice – A type of narcotic
Thank the Maker! – An expression like “thank God!” used by non-organics like C-3PO
Thank the Stars! – Thank God
Thrown under the speeder – Thrown under the bus
Wild bantha chase – Wild goose chase
Youngling – Child of any species
Weapons
Bo-rifle – A weapon used exclusively by the Honor Guard of Lasan
DC-15A blaster rifle – The standard weapon given to clones in the Grand Army of the Republic
Electro-jabber – An older version of a stun baton
Electrostaff – A long staff with electromagnetic generators at each end, used by General Grievous’ droid bodyguards
Force pike – An electric shock weapon with a vibro-edged tip
Lightsaber pike – A saberstaff with short blades and a long hilt, carried by the Jedi Temple Guards
Saberstaff/double-bladed lightsaber – A lightsaber that emitted blades from both ends
Stun baton – A short metal baton that delivers a powerful electric shock
Vibroweapon – A bladed weapon with a vibrogenerator in the hilt to produce high-speed vibrations that allow the blade to cut much more effectively
Vibro-ax – An ax, which could vary greatly in size and shape and was often carried by Gamorrean guards
Vibroblade – A regular blade with a vibrogenerator, usually over a foot in length
Vibroknife – A small vibroblade capable of cutting very deep with little pressure
Vibrostaff – A long staff with a rounded hilt (3 ft) and one or two blades (2.5 ft). The double-bladed versions were carried by the Emperor’s Royal Guard
Vibrosword – A long, heavy version of a vibroblade, can come in a double-bladed version
* * *
Most of these terms are from my own lists, but some definitions are from Wookieepedia. User @pomrania also helped with this compilation.
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I assume that some like Four Arms, Wildmutt, Terraspin, Shock Rock, Buzzshock and Whampire don't have any special abilities but are just much stronger than normal? Because I feel like for some of them they really just need that because of how simple they're powers are and it works for them. Also Idk if it was on purpose but Ult Four Arms kinda looks like Randy Savage, Rath is gonna have some words with him
They all have a tiny bit more going on but yeah, nothing to outrageous where they stop being that alien and could be an entirely new dude. I partially follow the trade off system, as some aliens just lose parts of themselves when you remove a main ability for another less functional one.
Ult Buzzshock is way more chaotic, lightning fast, can release flat coin-like batteries to absorb energy from technology, and can throw battery-like bombs that explode into acid
Ult Four Arms is 10x stronger, with callous-like skin and extra durable armor. Arm muscles are flexible enough to wrap around one another and twist, creating a flurry of punches when let go. Can combine all arms into one large super arm for a mighty slam attack. But he’s not very agile anymore. (Also yes he’s specifically modeled after him, I like to refer to his new look as “Macho Man Handy Savage”)
Ult Shock Rock can create much more intricate weaponry and machines a bit similarly to upgrade, but cannot merge with tech at all. Very much modeled after Generator Rex’s Omega form.
Ult Terraspin’s extra fins are razor sharp and can actually harness air and use as special attacks, a bit similar to Aang from Avatar although less complex
Ult Whampire’s corrupturas are made up of the coagulated blood his wings/cape are made of and can be used to create large swarms. They no longer have hypnotic abilities, however his ear-piercing sonic screech hypnotizes others
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hai spot one question. what do lab techs do
It'll depend on the the size of the lab as to how much you do.
I work at a smaller lab so I draw blood, and process it. Some of the blood gets spun down to be ran in chemistries (enzymes, glucose, electrolytes, ans hormones, some antibodies), or coagulation (how you blood clots). Hematology uses whole blood and thats cell counts and hemoglobin.
Blood bank is fun too, separate plasma from the cells and figuring out blood types and compatibility with units for transfusion
I also work urinalysis which is looking at urine, usually looking for utis. Which would then go to microbiology for culture and bacterial identification
We have a serology department too where we are usually looking for antibody or antigens for things pregnancy.
And lastly we have molecular where we use PCR technology to use DNA detection of viruses and bacteria and some parasites! This is where we do things like covid testing or enteric pathogens.
Larger labs will have other departments like cytology, histology, and pathology. We send out a out samples for those cause we don't have the equipment or man power do do those.
Also the size of the lab will decide how many departments you work. Large ones you'll only work in one or two departments, but smaller you'll probably rotate through more areas.
Thanks for the question. If any area sounds more interesting to you than another I'm happy to go into more detail!
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The way to Protect Yourself Through 5G Wireless Signals
You may have already been wondering the way to guard yourself from 5G wireless signals. An individual can do various things to reduce your current exposure to wireless signals. Air pipe headphones do certainly not expose you to RF radiation. Wireless connectivity needs to be disabled when not utilized. In addition, a person can purchase EMF protection cases to your laptop, cell cell phone, and router. Ultimately, you must do your own research about 5G radiation and their potential health hazards.
Investing in a great EMF meter is the central tool in your current arsenal for protection against EMF radiation. It is some sort of crucial instrument regarding limiting your publicity to the harmful effects of 5G radiation. You can find many EMF meters on the market. It is recommended of which you purchase one particular as the cost of a superior quality one can get high. Once you have purchased an EMF meter, buy an EMF shield. This will block the radiation from 5G towers and some other mobile phone signals.
Even though the inverse square law of physics says how the radiation that your cell phone generates is proportionate to the place where you're exposed, it's still a good idea to be able to practice moderation throughout your utilization of the cell phone. Avoid your phone any time reception is weak, since it raises your exposure to be able to radiation. In case an individual must use your own smartphone, consider using Airplane Mode when possible. Then, you can use it to choose off most radiation and hang on for the other party to answer.
You might have probably read about oxidative stress, but you may not know of which 5G is furthermore an environmental risk. In addition to causing oxidative pressure and depletion of glutathione, 5G will cause a rise in intracellular calcium supplement. These increased calcium supplement levels can raise your likelihood of being infected with viruses and triggering blood coagulation in addition to thrombosis. Apart from how to block emf causes to your body, 5G can also disturb your immune program.
Although we're already living within a technological time where wireless signs are ubiquitous, many of us still have to be aware of our surroundings. 5G is coming fast, so create sure you put together for it. Cell towers will be put in cities, but it really will eventually be available worldwide. Cell towers are now every single two to eight houses, allowing people to have typically the vicinity of cellular towers. The broadcast waves generated by simply 5G are twenty four to 90 gigahertz in frequency, which often are popular regarding military weapons.
Whilst the benefits of 5G may get great for businesses and streaming films in your home, it's important in order to keep in mind that the new technology will increase your exposure to EMFs. The new may be will work with the existing ones, spreading your EMF coverage exponentially. To guard yourself from 5G the radiation, consider using safety equipment that will block the indication and prevent your human body from being hurt by it. You should consult with a healthcare professional before using any kind of cell phone technology.
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Best Pathlab hospital in Gaya Bihar — Arsh Hospital
In the realm of healthcare, accurate and reliable diagnostic testing is essential for effective treatment and patient care. In Gaya, Bihar, Arsh Hospital stands as a beacon of excellence in pathology services, offering state-of-the-art facilities and a dedicated team of experts committed to delivering precise and timely diagnostic results. With a focus on quality, innovation, and patient satisfaction, Arsh Hospital has established itself as the premier destination for pathology services in the region.
Comprehensive Pathology Services:
Arsh Hospital provides a comprehensive range of pathology services to support the diagnostic needs of patients and healthcare providers. From routine blood tests and urine analysis to specialized molecular diagnostics and immunohistochemistry, the hospital offers a wide array of tests and screenings to aid in the diagnosis and management of various medical conditions. Some of the key pathology services offered by Arsh Hospital include:
Clinical Pathology:
Arsh Hospital’s clinical pathology laboratory offers a variety of tests and screenings, including complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistry panels, coagulation studies, urinalysis, and microbiology, to assess overall health status and detect abnormalities indicative of underlying medical conditions.
Anatomic Pathology:
The hospital’s anatomic pathology department provides expert evaluation and interpretation of tissue specimens obtained from biopsies, surgical resections, and cytology samples, facilitating the diagnosis of cancer, infectious diseases, inflammatory conditions, and other pathological processes.
Molecular Diagnostics:
Arsh Hospital offers advanced molecular diagnostic testing, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, and gene expression analysis, for the detection and characterization of genetic disorders, infectious agents, and oncogenic mutations.
Immunohistochemistry:
The hospital’s immunohistochemistry laboratory performs specialized staining techniques to identify specific proteins and antigens within tissue specimens, aiding in the diagnosis and classification of various cancers and other pathological conditions.
Specialized Testing:
Arsh Hospital offers a variety of specialized testing services, including hormone assays, tumor markers, autoimmune panels, allergy testing, and drug monitoring, to provide clinicians with valuable insights into patient health and disease status.
Patient-Centric Approach:
At Arsh Hospital, patient satisfaction and well-being are top priorities, particularly in the realm of pathology services. The hospital’s patient-centric approach is grounded in compassion, professionalism, and attention to detail, ensuring that patients receive personalized care and support throughout the testing process.
Arsh Hospital’s team of pathologists, laboratory technicians, and support staff is dedicated to providing a seamless and comfortable experience for patients undergoing diagnostic testing. From specimen collection to result reporting, every step of the process is handled with care, accuracy, and efficiency to minimize stress and anxiety for patients and their families.
Why Choose Arsh Hospital for Pathology Services?
Arsh Hospital boasts a team of highly skilled and experienced pathologists and laboratory professionals who are experts in their field, ensuring accurate interpretation and reliable reporting of diagnostic test results.
Advanced Technology:
The hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art laboratory equipment and instrumentation, including automated analyzers, digital imaging systems, and molecular diagnostic platforms, enabling high-throughput testing and precise analytical performance.
Timely Results:
Arsh Hospital prioritizes efficiency and timeliness in delivering diagnostic test results, with most routine tests completed within a short turnaround time to facilitate prompt clinical decision-making and patient care.
Quality Assurance:
Arsh Hospital maintains rigorous quality assurance and quality control measures in its pathology laboratories, adhering to international standards and guidelines to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility of test results.
Conclusion:
Arsh Hospital stands as a beacon of pathology excellence in Gaya, Bihar, and beyond. With its commitment to quality, innovation, and patient-centered care, the hospital continues to set the standard for diagnostic testing and pathology services in the region. If you’re in need of accurate and reliable diagnostic testing in Gaya, trust Arsh Hospital to provide the expertise and support you need for optimal health and well-being.
Arsh Hospital
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Electrosurgery Market Size Forecast: Key Insights
The Electrosurgery Market size was estimated USD 6.5 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 10.75 billion by 2031 at a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period of 2024-2031.The electrosurgery market is rapidly expanding, driven by advancements in surgical technologies and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases requiring surgical intervention. Electrosurgical devices, which use high-frequency electrical currents to cut tissue and coagulate blood, are becoming essential tools in modern operating rooms due to their precision, reduced blood loss, and quicker recovery times for patients. The market is witnessing significant growth, particularly in minimally invasive surgeries, which benefit from electrosurgery's ability to minimize tissue damage and enhance surgical outcomes. Innovations such as the development of more sophisticated energy sources and the integration of robotics are further propelling the market forward. Additionally, the rising demand for cosmetic surgeries and the growing healthcare infrastructure in emerging economies are contributing to the market's robust expansion. As the healthcare industry continues to evolve, the electrosurgery market is poised for sustained growth, driven by continuous technological advancements and the increasing adoption of these devices across various medical disciplines.
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Market Scope & Overview
The market research report is an ideal source of information, and market studies are crucial for global businesses. In order to give a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the development of the global economy, Electrosurgery Market research examines a wide range of nations. The market research study analyses historical information and forecasts to estimate the size of the global market. The global business overview includes tables and figures with key industry statistics, market data and analysis for organizations and consumers.
The primary and secondary methodologies, well-known research techniques, and services are all examined in the Electrosurgery Market research study. In a market study, the principal market characteristics and prospects, as well as its boundaries and key rivals, corporate profiles, and general positioning strategy for both local and international markets, are all researched.
Market Segmentation Analysis
By Product
Electrosurgical Instruments
Electrosurgical Generators
Electrosurgical Accessories
Smoke Evacuation Systems
By Surgery
General Surgery
Obstetric/Gynecological Surgery
Orthopedic Surgery
Cardiovascular Surgery
Oncological Surgery
Cosmetic Surgery
Urological Surgery
NeuroSurgery
Other Surgeries
By End User
Hospitals, Clinics, and Ablation Centers
Ambulatory Surgical Centers
Research Laboratories and Academic Institutes
COVID-19 Pandemic Impact Analysis
The research goes into great depth about how these pandemics affected various regions of the world. The COVID-19 epidemic's global spread has had a significant influence on the Electrosurgery Market in a number of ways. The report also offers advice on how market participants might continue to make money in such challenging circumstances.
Regional Outlook
The Electrosurgery Market research report explains current developments in significant regional marketplaces and the various choices service providers throughout the world have. This research report covers all of Europe, North America, Latin America, Asia Pacific, and the rest of the world. A competitive market analysis ranks the top rivals based on corporate strengths and product offerings.
Competitive Analysis
The research examines the significance of the field, in addition to its many elements and anticipated repercussions. Discussions of expert perspectives, environmental facts, and marketing strategies are included. The Electrosurgery Market research covers upstream sector differences, market segmentation, business environment, demand development, cost and pricing structure, and business climate.
Key Reasons to Purchase Electrosurgery Market Report
The market report evaluates the findings of in-depth secondary research, primary interviews with subject matter experts, and internal expert interviews.
Financial analytics, fundamental data, regional engagement, sales effectiveness, product quality, and sector contribution are all used to rank the top businesses in the market.
Conclusion
The size of the market, the successful business practices of the major organizations, and the exposure of regional firms are some of the factors taken into account by Electrosurgery Market research. For the development of market-dominating methods, these insights are crucial.
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Electrosurgical Devices Market: Demand and Supply Trends
The electrosurgical devices market is driven by technological advancements. Electrosurgical devices utilize electrical energy to achieve surgical effect through tissue cutting, coagulation, and desiccation effects. These devices offer several benefits over traditional surgical techniques including reduced blood loss, reduced surgery time, and reduced risk of infection. The global electrosurgical devices market is estimated to be valued at US$ 6,892.4 Mn in 2024 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 6.8% over the forecast period 2023 to 2030.
Electrosurgical devices comprise electrosurgical generators, electrodes, and accessories required for both open and minimally invasive surgeries across various clinical specialties including general surgery, gynecology, urology, gastroenterology, arthroscopy, and neurosurgery. Advancements in electrosurgical technologies such as plasma-mediated microwave and hybrid ablation therapy are expanding treatment options for conditions such as cancer, gastrointestinal, cardiac, and gynecological disorders. The growing preference for minimally invasive surgeries, increasing number of surgeries performed globally, and rising need for technologically advanced electrosurgical devices are some key factors driving the demand in this market.
Key Takeaways
Key players operating in the electrosurgical devices market are Bovie Medical Corporation, Medtronic Plc, BOWA-Electronic GmbH & Co. KG, KLS Martin, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Conmed, Olympus Corp., Boston Scientific Corporation, Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH, Symmetry Surgical Inc., Encision Inc., Gala Therapeutics, Inc., Apyx Medical Corporation, and Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. These leading players are focusing on new product launches and enhancing their existing product portfolio to strengthen their market position.
The growing demand for minimally invasive surgical procedures globally is another major factor fueling the electrosurgical devices market growth. Minimal incisions, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times have increased the adoption of laparoscopic and arthroscopic surgeries. This has augmented the demand for advanced electrosurgical energy devices suitable for minimally invasive operations.
The increasing investments by key players to expand their presence in emerging markets will further aid the expansion of the electrosurgical devices market size during the forecast period. Manufacturers are collaborating with hospitals, medical practitioners and surgical centers in developing regions to enhance the access to modern electrosurgical systems and treatments worldwide.
Market Drivers
Technological advancements in electrosurgical devices is a major market driver. Manufacturers are developing innovative devices with improved safety, accuracy, and efficiency. Advancements such as advanced algorithms controlling energy delivery, integrated imaging technologies for precise applications, and motion sensors have enhanced surgical outcomes. The introduction of automated and intuitive electrosurgical units with increased settings and power options has expanded the applications of minimally invasive electrosurgery. This has increased the adoption of electrosurgical devices across various medical disciplines.
Current geopolitical situation and its impact on the Electrosurgical Devices market growth:
The ongoing geopolitical conflicts and tensions between major global economies are negatively impacting international trade and economic growth. Manufacturers in the electrosurgical devices market depend on reliable supply chains and access to critical raw materials and components sourced from different parts of the world. The recent supply chain disruptions due to the Russia-Ukraine war and sanctions have inflated prices of vital inputs like metals and energy for device makers. This is diminishing their profit margins and ability to invest in scaling up production capacity. Restrictions on exports/imports arising from political rifts can also limit the ability of companies to tap into new international markets for driving sales revenues. Overall, a prolonged period of geopolitical instability directly hinders the pace of expansion in the global electrosurgical devices industry. The manufacturers need to diversify their supplier networks and build alternative supply routes to mitigate over-reliance on potentially volatile regions. Adopting a regionalized production strategy helps reduce exposure to cross-border trade risk factors.
Europe has the largest concentrated value share in the Electrosurgical Devices market:
Europe currently dominates the electrosurgical devices market in terms of value due to presence of leading industry players and a large patient population undergoing various surgeries driving demand. Countries like Germany, UK, France and Italy having well-developed healthcare systems generate significant revenues for device makers. Additionally, strong focus on research and approvals of advanced electrosurgical systems has kept the European market ahead of other regions. However, with growing medical expenditures and rising surgery rate, Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest growing geography for electrosurgical devices. Nations like China, India and Japan with their huge population scale and improving access to healthcare are attracting major investments by global companies looking to tap high growth opportunities. Besides, governmental initiatives for building healthcare infrastructure and pushing affordable medicine goals offer huge tailwinds for industry expansion in Asia going forward.
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