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bpod-bpod · 6 months

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Gather Round

The immune system's B cells recognise their foe (antigens) with receptors (also known as immunoglobulin or antibody) on their cell surface. Here, super resolution microscopy combined with 4D image analysis reveals how these receptors on the cell surface localise into clusters as ridges and finger-like projections called microvilli to aid recognition of their targets

Read the published research paper here

Video adapted from work by Deniz Saltukoglu and colleagues

Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Video originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in The EMBO Journal, January 2023

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#science #biomedicine #biology #immunology #immunoglobulin #B cells #immune system #antibody #antigen #lattice light-sheet microscopy #super resolution microscopy #4D imaging

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science-sculpt · 3 months

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The Immune System's All-Star Team: The Mighty Cells That Protect You

Your body is like a bustling city, constantly facing threats from outside invaders like viruses and bacteria. Thankfully, you have a team of dedicated defenders keeping you safe: your immune cells! Our immune system is a marvel of biological defense, tirelessly safeguarding our bodies from harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. At the forefront of this defense are numerous types of immune cells, each with its unique functions and capabilities. Did you know the average adult has about 2 trillion white blood cells, which contain most immune cells? That's more people than live in China! These tiny warriors come in different shapes and sizes, each with unique superpowers to protect you. Let's meet some of the key players:

The Innate Force: First up, we have the innate immune system. This frontline defense acts fast and nonspecifically, providing immediate protection against any threat. The key players: 1. Neutrophils: Think of these guys as the city's SWAT team. They're the first responders, rushing to attack invaders with toxic chemicals and swallowing them whole with their arsenal of enzymes! These are the most abundant immune cells, are short-lived but highly effective. Unfortunately, they die in the fight, leaving behind a green gooey mess (pus) that signals infection.

2. Macrophages: These are the veterans, the wise generals of the immune system. They go beyond mere engulfing, processing antigens (foreign molecules) and presenting them to other immune cells for recognition and attack. They also act as scavengers, cleaning up debris and orchestrating healing. These are the cleaners and recyclers. They gobble up dead neutrophils, debris, and even worn-out cells, keeping your city sparkling clean.

3. Natural Killer (NK) Cells: These are the ninjas of the immune system. They silently patrol, sniffing out suspicious cells infected with viruses or even cancer and eliminating them with a swift punch. The Adaptive Arsenal:

The Adaptive Arsenal: If the innate system fails, the adaptive immune system steps in. This highly specific defense remembers past encounters and tailors its response to each unique threat. The cells of adaptive immune system are:

B Cells: These are the antibody factories, producing highly specific proteins called antibodies that neutralize pathogens and toxins. Each B cell produces a unique antibody, like a lock and key, targeting specific invaders. They whip up special proteins called antibodies that lock onto specific invaders, like sticky notes, marking them for destruction.

T Cells: These are the generals, coordinating the entire defense. There are different types of T cells:

Helper T Cells: These are the commanders, directing and coordinating the immune response through chemical signals. They activate B cells, macrophages, and other immune cells, orchestrating a multi-pronged attack.

Cytotoxic T Cells: These are the elite soldiers, directly targeting and eliminating infected cells or cancer cells. They recognize and bind to specific enemy markers, unleashing a lethal attack.

Memory T Cells: These are the veterans, remembering past encounters with invaders and helping the immune system respond faster next time.

The Unsung Heroes: Beyond these main players, numerous other immune cells contribute to our defense. These include:

Dendritic cells: These antigen-presenting cells capture and process pathogens, presenting their fragments to T cells for activation. They're like the scouts, gathering enemy intel and relaying it to the command center.

Mast cells: These cells reside in tissues and release inflammatory chemicals in response to allergens or parasites. They're like the alarm system, alerting the immune system to local threats.

Eosinophils: These specialize in fighting parasitic infections, releasing toxic chemicals to neutralize them.

Basophils: These are involved in allergic reactions and contribute to wound healing.

The beauty of the immune system lies in its intricate collaboration. These diverse cell types work together in a complex and beautiful dance, each playing a specific role to achieve a common goal: protecting our health. They communicate extensively through chemical signals, creating a complex network of interactions. Imagine B cells producing antibodies that bind to a pathogen, flagging it for destruction. Macrophages engulf and eliminate the tagged pathogen, while T cells coordinate the attack and eliminate any infected cells. Dendritic cells present captured fragments to T cells, priming them for future encounters. This seamless cooperation ensures a swift and effective response to any threat.

Your immune system is constantly learning. Each time you get a vaccine or fight off an infection, your immune cells create memory T cells, making you more resistant to future attacks. Understanding these cellular heroes can help us appreciate the incredible machinery that keeps us healthy and appreciate the importance of maintaining a strong immune system. It also allows us to make informed decisions about supporting our immune system. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, getting adequate sleep, managing stress, and consuming a balanced diet can all contribute to a robust immune response.

#science sculpt #life science #science #biology #biotechnology #artists on tumblr #immunology #immunotherapy #immune cells #b cells #t cells #neutrophil #macrophages #immunity #health and wellness #medicine #healthcare #illustration #illustrative art

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incorrect-immunology-facts · 1 year

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Writing is like a germinal center. There’s always room for improvement, but you have to start with something. Even a low-affinity draft is better than nothing, because you can tweak and mutate it and, with feedback from T follicular helper cells, turn it into something great. But beware of original antigenic sin in the drafting process, and be willing to discard and reconceptualize anything that doesn’t really fit.

#writing advice #but make it about B cells #writing inspiration #writespo #immunology #B cells #germinal centers #affinity maturation

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nonobadcat · 2 years

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This is a humiliating question but I just read all of “A Taste of Your Own Venom” (incredible work btw) and I must know. Could she recreate Shi’s cum with her quirk? How would he react if she did that to tease him. And could it be used to get her pregnant?

Putting the answer below the cut to prevent accidental exposure for those under 18.

Contains minor spoilers for post-PLF arc. Minors DNI

Reader-chan's power in A Taste of Your Own Venom is that your B-lymphocytes are capable of differentiating into plasma cells which can make any chemical substance under the following conditions:

You have tasted it once before in your life

You can picture the chemical structure in your mind and have a general understand of how it functions

In the story, this is most commonly manifested as producing simple chemicals like vitriol or chlorohexidine or curare. However, plasma cells are what produce antibodies (immunoglobulins), so we know they are capable to making complex protein structures. In addition, your were able to make some large protein poisons, so the thought process here is dead on. However, sperm are larger and more complex than antibodies (IgA/IgG) as show below:

Source of picture

So, the "scientific" answer your plasma cells would be unlikely to be bale to create something like a sperm.

However, BNHA quirks are not always real consistent with their "logic-ability". Momo and her "go go gadget rocket launcher" power is a pretty comparable ability and we see how that works out.

Final verdict would be this: In order to avoid making "venom" too OP I would say no however:

So... I'm going to say:

Why the hell not!?

OMFG can you imagine the look on his face if you pulled that off?

Shig: "I am God".

You: "I got bored waiting for you so now I am pregnant with your baby."

Shig:

I think the guy would be so torn. On one hand baby-trapping your S/O is most yanderes wet dream so that would be pretty exciting. However, the poor guy didn't even get to enjoy the process. Here he is plenty happy to fuck you six ways from Sunday and now here you all are cute and round and he didn't even get to rasp out all his favorite breeding fetish lines.

No pumping you full of his cum and then shoving a plug toy into your sopping cunt to keep you stuffed full.

No breaking out the spreader bar and bareback fucking you into the mattress for 2 hours while you begged him to fuck you full of his baby.

3. No. mating. press.

(That last one really hurts him, bro. (≧▽≦) )

I'm sure he'll eventually get over it if you suck him off enough times but damn girl, denying him his pleasures is going to leave him really put out for a while.

The good news is I'm pretty sure Toga would have talked you out of it. being a yandere herself, she would understand his feelings and put the kibosh on that shit.

You: "I'm lonely and thinking of artificially inseminating myself with Shi's sperm".

Toga: "Nope."

You: "Why not?"

Toga: "Do not deny a pervert their pleasures."

@shig-a-shig-ah @feral-creep @bat-eclecticwolfbouquet-love @imaginedheroine

@castershellwrites

#no minors please #a taste of your own venom #just pervy thots #yandere shigaraki tomura #picturing the look on shigs face if reader-chan pulled his yandere level shit right back made me laugh my ass off #bnha quirks #ask a badcat #b cells #plasma cells #tw medical #sperm #spits vitriol

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dangerdust · 7 months

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Occupational exposure to inhaled crystalline silica dust (cSiO2) is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitis.

Taken together, diverse disease-relevant autoreactive B cells, including cells specific for DNA, MPO, and basement membrane, are recruited to lung ectopic lymphoid aggregates in response to cSiO2 instillation. B cells that escape tolerance can contribute to local autoantibody production. Our demonstration of significantly enhanced autoantibody induction by TLR ligands further suggests that a coordinated environmental co-exposure can magnify autoimmune vulnerability.

#crystalline silica dust #autoimmune diseases #research #B cells #Lupus #RA #Scleroderma #ANCA Vasculitis

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shirojikimattari · 5 months

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... how did you even get 7 int on tav tho lol :')

Do you honestly think Tav wouldn’t lose a chunk of her brain when her camp is a freak show

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strawberoni · 2 months

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older CaW art I forgot to post… (around 3 months ago 😭)

#digital art #procreate #my art <3 #rkgk #fanart #cells at work fanart #cells at work #はたらく細胞 #hataraku saibou #hataraku saibou fanart #killer t cell #helper t cell #regulatory t cell #nk cell #eosinophil #dendritic cell #macrophage #B cell

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not-that-debonair · 15 days

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video editor failed me but I needed you all to see my vision

Versions without text under the cut

#this probably only makes sense in my head but whatever #cells at work #hataraku saibou #killer t cell #u1146 #ae3803 #mast cell #b cell #m’ealaín #alt text

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baby-xemnas · 5 months

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I'm not really a shipper, but that leaves me freedom for enjoying everyone's take/artwork on any ship. That said, I've actually never heard of LawBepo before seeing your stuff?? It's actually quite adorable? At least, what I see since it's only your stuff I see lol either way, I wanted to ask WHY Bepo? Like what drew you too the ship I guess?

Always curious how people get to ships they like haha. That and every time I practice Bepo I think of your Bepo so I figured I'd ask finally while I think of your art 😂 hope you don't mind.

Which that thing said, I need to throw in I'm positively alive for your art btw. It's so crisp and I love for the sketchy/black and white. Thank you for gracing my eyes with it.

thank you for the message!

(you never seen it because except for like a couple of artworks noone really done it at the scale that i have. at least not in the western part of the fandom)

what drew me to the ship is the hug on zou but back when i first got into op 8+ years ago but i wasnt open minded enough to take it seriously - it didnt spark ideas to make stuff in me back then yet - but i did love the hug A LOT

its adorable. its just the cutest ever and the single most affectionate that we see law. you cant argue with that if i try. idc how people interpret his other scenes, zou hug is the most obviously and openly shameless display of affection towards someone we see with law

look at this fucker smiling hes so content rubbing cheeks with his 22 year old male best friend

i came back FOR bepo because i heard of [manga spoilers] i saw it and thought yoo shit hype started looking things up and saw the STOP ACTING CUTE scene and it was all over. one more canon reason for me to ship them (that is ofc if u consider anime filler canon since both the scene i mentioned were toei expanding and improving upon odas ideas) but i do consider them canon if it suits me lol

AND THEN I SAW FILM RED CRUMBS OH MY GOD. OH YOU TOOK HIM TO THE CONCERT UNBELIEVABLE YOU LOVE HIM SO MUCH

basically we were given a ton of cute fanservice of bepo being law's favorite most precious guy and i always ship my ships in accordance to canon its just the type of person that i am

you need to give me a crumb of canon and ill justify the rest. a hook is always necessary and these two got plenty

also reading the novel and seeing bepo be such a precious little brother to law....yeah...cute

oh we cant forget that i also went to look at things on pixiv and japanese fans are geniuses so i got so inspired by the characterization of law being a protective nose bleeding weirdo and bepo being oblivious to it....incredible dynamic i got absolutely hooked. bepo is cute and good and precious and he is home and comfort to law

to summarize: why bepo? because canonically bepo is the only person in bepo's position. he gets special treatment from law, he is THE crewmember of his. he is what killer is do kid - we know most about them they are the closest to the captain. its simple math

finally thank you im glad you enjoy my style!!!!

#lawbepo #always been just the lineart guy and the rest is secondary #either blocked out flats or the most minimal cell shading lol #im super happy b/w style works for everybody cuz it sure works for ME

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incorrect-immunology-facts · 2 years

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As we all know, the T in T cell stands for Tyrannosaurus, but despite popular belief, the B in B cell does not stand for bone marrow. It actually stands for balls, because B cells are stored in the balls.

#immunology shitposting #T cells #B cells #emphasis on the ‘incorrect’ part of my url

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the-sayuri-rin · 1 month

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With Shoya Chiba joining Genshin Impact as Sethos, let's see who else he voices

Chestnut, Arknights

Kiyotaka Ayanokōji, Clssroom of the Elite

Sing Soo-Ling, Banana Fish

B Cell, Cells at work

Shinei Nouzen, 86

Yūdai Imamura, Blue lock

#genshin impact #sethos #Shoya Chiba #chesnut #arknights #classroom of the elite #kiyotaka ayanokouji #Sing Soo-Ling #banana fish #b cell #cells at work #shinei nouzen #86 #86 eighty six #Yūdai Imamura #blue lock

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raveartts · 8 days

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fighting the urge tooth and nail to watch book 3 again

i can't draw the stinky man well 😩

#raveartts #infinity train #these two jsut make me insane #though i have a cluster b rant in my mind about them #like the writers are stupid and wrong and simon does nto ahve npd he has bpd #he's literally the abandonment issues queen #and GRACE is the one with npd #i could elaborate but like. i've made my point clear and my argument contaisn ten thousand million brain cells #can't believe she got a redemption arc though like ugh can't a girl be evil and insane #also simon is autistic but i thin k anyone could infer that easily #there's something so wrong with both of them 😍😍😍

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ace-detectiv3 · 3 months

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Has this been made yet

#cells at work #cells at work!#hataraku saibou #memory b cell #memory cell

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foolishfoolsgold · 26 days

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Immune system go brr

A few designs I’ve done since I had this mutated brainchild back in October. I have others like eosinophil and dendritic but I wanna redraw them. I was still learning the way of the cell creature back then lol. Image IDs under the cut

[Start ID: The first image shows the AU design for U-1146. The background is white with a gray triangle pattern. He’s wearing his usual uniform, but he has a rounded, noseless snout, long ears without holes, and his one eye that is showing has black sclera and a round silver iris. His skin, turned cell membrane, is pure white with faint gray striped that resemble the markings of a raccoon. He has a tail with the same colors, it’s long, skinny, and has multiple lobes on it. Who on the very end, and a few dorsal lobes along its length. Again, like a raccoon, the tail has those faint stripes on it. He’s standing and staring at the viewer with his one visible eye, with his left hand in a fist, and the other gripping a silver knife. There’s some text next to his head that reads: “Only has one eye, and it can’t un-dilate so he always has that big sauger pupil we see in the media.” Another text box reads “Some raccoon inspiration because the official art makes it look like he has an eye mask.” There’s a piece of this official art in the top left corner of the image for comparison, and in the bottom right, there’s my watermark.

The second image shows Killer T Cell’s design. The background has an orange-yellow triangle design. He’s standing with his usual uniform, head turned and arms crossed. He doesn’t have bones, though, so his arms look more like they’re tied in a knot. He keeps his canon skin tone and hair style, but his membrane has dark blue markings that make him resemble a peregrine falcon. He shares the basic physical features with U-1146, except his tail is thinner and only has two small lobes on the end. His tail is yellow, like his hair, and has an arrow pointing from it to a picture of a banana flavored Snack Pack pudding package, noting that his tail looks a lot like banana pudding by humorously noting “Is it worth it?” Unlike 46, T’s hazel eyes are made up of multiple pupils that coalesce like a lava lamp, and this is true for all future entries as well. Again, there’s my watermark and an actual picture of killer t for reference.

The third image shows Macrophage’s design, and a cream-colored triangle background. Macrophage has large, frilled ears, and a darker cell membrane that looks almost like light coffee. She’s wearing her normal ruffled dress, but instead of legs, she has long tentacles without suckers, built almost like Ursula. She’s covered in white patterns with ripple-like stripes and spots, resembling a cuttlefish. With her right arm and one of her tentacles, she’s holding her signature cleaver, dripping with red blood, which also stained another tentacle and parts of her dress, and the other arm is held up to her face in an “I didn’t do that!” pose. She’s accompanied by a picture of anime Macrophage and a microscope photo of a real macrophage, reaching out with its “arms” to some bacteria. There’s a text box under it that reads: “like come on I HAD to make her a sea monster, have you seen real macrophages? Look at this bitch.” Another box reads: “lots of cephalopod inspiration, octopus-like build with cuttlefish markings and frills.” A final humorous box says “it’s ok she just had to refill the ketchup at McDonald’s,” referring to the blood.

The fourth image featured NK’s design with a green patterned background, as are the following images. She keeps her skin tone and clothes for the most part, but she has a centaur-like build. Her black tank top is extended to cover her chest and has short sleeves for her first set of legs, and ends with a belt around her midsection to her green shorts. She has green boots on all four of her feet, and her tail is black with green splotches, and has lots of lobes, almost like that of a leafy sea dragon. She has army-green spots resembling a cheetah, and she’s smiling and looking confident, with her left hand in a fist. She has her saber in a sheath on her back, and a brown bag secured to her belt like a saddlebag. There’s an arrow pointing to the photo of anime NK from a text box that says “there is something about this SPECIFIC png of NK that cracks me up sm and I don’t fucking know what it is.”

The fifth image shows Helper T, who shares many basic traits with Killer T such as bipedalism and a two-loved tail. While he still has the creature features like the big ears and rounded snout, he’s race-swapped as a black man, and has dark stripes along his arms and face like a peacock. His eyes are blue, and he’s holding a cup of green tea, dropping a cookie in it. There’s a small figure showing that his hair (flagella) are each coiled rather than straight.

The final image shows B cell’s design, which has a lot of bird inspiration. He has a longer snout, plumed tail and ears, and big flat lobes along his arms that look like wings. His eyes are silver md his stripes are brown and green, patterned like that of a blue jay. He’s also holding his antibody gun. A text box reads: “Bird boy! B cells were first discovered in birds and are named after the bursa of fabrics, a thymus-like organ for B cells that only birds have.” There’s also a note that says “face shape inspired by the Hilda bird because look at him,” accompanied by a screenshot of the raven from the Netflix series Hilda. He has a simple, completely black design with a rounded face, stick-figure legs and small wings. End ID.]

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ieatcerealboxes · 1 month

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I've literally ranted about this more than once on discord but I LOVE how they made b cell carry memory cell in the anime while manga b cell just runs while pulling him like???? Its just so much funnier to me

#its also really cute #either b cell is really strong or memory cell is just really light #i love them so much you dont get it #b cell #memory cell #cells at work #hataraku saibou

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misteria247 · 1 year

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I just realized that in the 2012 series whenever Donnie and Mikey team up, Donnie's intelligence goes out the window like???

Instant sharing a single brain cell between them. They're either fighting for custody for it or they're bouncing it around between them. There is no in between.

Like they're absolutely horrible influences on one another and are the very definition of-

"Leo and Raph aren't looking time to do some unhinged shenanigans and commit ruthless chaos."

And honestly I love it.

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