Editor’s Note: Sanne DeWitt is a microbiologist, geneticist, researcher, and author of a memoir: “I Was Born In An Old Age Home”. She has lived in Berkeley, California since 1957, where she moved for advanced studies in microbiology and genetics, and worked there until her retirement. The views expressed here are those of the author. View more opinion on CNN.CNN —
In 1957, I moved to Berkeley, California: a bastion of American liberalism that squarely aligns with my progressive values, and a hub of American scholarship that nurtured my academic quest and professional growth. I came here for advanced studies in microbiology and genetics. Since then, I have lived, worked as a scientist and retired in this community.
Over the 65 years that I have called this beautiful area home, I have occasionally encountered antisemitism, but these one-off incidents never succeeded in destroying my spirit. When I was four years old, Nazis burst into my bedroom and sent me and my family to Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp. We were soon released and I was smuggled out of Germany by a Christian woman. After this harrowing experience, not much in the Bay Area could scare me.
But since the October 7 Hamas attack on Israel, the hatred towards Jews that I have seen in Berkeley terrifies me more than anything I have experienced while living here. I am still reeling from being called a liar at a Berkeley City Council meeting, where I asked for a proclamation to mark Holocaust Remembrance Day and spoke about October 7. The Jews at that meeting were circled and called “Zionist pigs” by menacing protesters.
We are approaching the holiday of Passover, which commemorates the freedom of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery and our formation as a free Jewish people in our own land. But this Passover is like no other in recent history, with scores of hostages still held in Gaza and Jews worldwide fearful for our future — including Jews in the US. We are facing the worst global antisemitism since the Holocaust and while it is not state-sanctioned as Nazism was, it is a threat going unchecked in California’s East Bay.
It is incredibly painful to see my neighbors vilify Jews, tear down posters of Jewish hostages in Gaza and not believe Jewish rape victims. In this hotbed, hatred and hostility have become normalized. Families have moved their children out of public schools. Jewish businesses have been vandalized and boycotted. And lies about Jews and Israel have gone unchecked and unchallenged in our public forums. Our local Jewish community is both horrified and petrified.
This onslaught of Jewish hatred cannot become the new normal. This epidemic must be treated as seriously as all other hatreds that our society is confronting, such as racism and homophobia. We need more education about Judaism and how the long, sordid history of antisemitism ties into other forms of hatred in our public schools.
We need colleges and universities to unequivocally denounce hate speech and actions directed at Jews. We need public officials to urge mutual respect, understanding and civil discourse during city council and town hall meetings.
I have seen where unchecked antisemitism can lead, when people will do nothing — or worse, join the mainstream, such as our German neighbors during Nazism. This Passover, I resolve with whatever time I have left in this world to fight for the safety of the Jewish people, in Berkeley and around the globe.
During Passover, we are commanded to tell the story of the exodus out of Egypt to our children. We believe in the lasting power of sharing this history with younger generations and reflecting on this hopeful new beginning. There is also lasting power in sharing my history as a Jewish refugee — and I invite my Berkeley neighbors to hear my story. Without understanding and acceptance, we are enslaved by our biases.
The hatred, violence and bigotry against the Jewish community cannot continue — for our shared future, we must confront it and root it out.
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Tell us about your OCs! Give us a quick introduction and something about them that makes you happy!
Ok this is probably going to get a little messy and long, but I'll try. Thank you for asking this, you have no idea how happy I am right now 🥹 Also be aware that I love Catboys and winged humans. Also mostly old sketchy art.
What I love about them is more or less the same for each of them: most of the main characters of each story have traits that I saw or still see in myself, so I have a strong personal connection to them and the bonds they share with the other characters. I also simply love their appearances, drawing them makes me very happy (I just don't do it very often because I struggle with expressing things).
Mura's Voice
Arokhal & Kharazhak: Aro works quite successfully under his father Orazhar, who runs the "military" of the remaining population of their winged race, but he's generally disliked by most of his peers for being arrogant, aloof and uninterested. He makes sort of an effort for the young ladies of high society, who do enjoy his charisma and a chance to get in his bed, but most are aware that he's not serious about it. Khaz is Aro's mura (a type of magic that runs in certain bloodlines) and they share an intimate bond. Khaz has been mentoring Aro in secret since he was young, which made him outstanding in using the mura magic.
Amin, Padavoz & Haizur: Compared to the rest of the cast Amin sometimes seems a little boring and him being the nice-guy-from-next-door type doesn't exactly help that, either. However, he has quite a few demons to deal with even before Aro forces him to go into the parallel world (don't have a name for it yet). Being there doesn't lessen his struggles at all, but over time things get rolling and he has to come to terms with himself and his problems and wants. Not the least of his problems are the two muras inside him who both don't necesarily care about his wellbeing, let alone seek any sort of relationship with him. Padavoz, who is regarded as just a myth nowadays, sees him as just a vessel and tool and doesn't care about anything save for revenge for the hand he was dealt. Haizur barely has any sense of self and thus is struggling a lot with the WHY of life and existence, which simply renders them unable to have any connection to others. They're the most unhinged and unpredictable character in his story, you never know if they'll help or sabotage or do nothing at all if a dangerous situation arises.
Kavi & Oru: Kavi is a bright, happy boy from a good family. Being the mura bearer of the family is something he takes very seriously and is proud of, even though Oru is by far the weakest mura anyone has ever seen. On top of being weak, Oru tends to be distractable and airheaded, so Kavi not only needs to be the responsible one of the two, but he also needs to find solutions mostly by himself. Despite this, he really loves Oru a lot.
Karakal, Orazhar & Kamavokh: Karakal (and his mura) may or may not have a place in the final story, but if he does he starts off as an antagonist. He's lived a sheltered, but pretty secluded life in a remote town and doesn't know who or where is parents/ family are, nor why he grew up the way he did. He's hotheaded and never backs down from a challenge. He's also determined to find out about his family. Orazhar is Aro's father and head of the "military", whose goal it is to preserve the muras and general magic abilities of his people. Since these abilities get lost the more their race mixes with humans they strive to strengthen the bloodlines and at the same time prevent more mixing. He knows this will require lots of sacrifices, but he's willing to do what has to be done to achieve his vision. Kamavokh is technically just Aro's direct subordinate, but is often seen substituting him on duty. He's also the closest thing to a friend Aro has. He's good at what he does, has a good heart and strives to always do the right thing.
Inra & Sann: These two originally had been a fixed part in the story, but over time I changed Inra's role and discarded Sann entirely. I'm thinking of giving them their own little side story some time. Inra is a yavomur (shapeshifter) and because that's basically the dirty, undesirable counterpart of mura bearers he considers himself lucky Orazhar lets him work for him. He's not happy about the situation, but as long as he's just doing scouting and tracking work and not required to kill people he goes along with it. He discovers Amin in the human world and later also tracks them for Orazhar. During one of his visits to the human world he meets Sann. Sann was originally still in high school and very involved in Padavoz' issues, but I think I'll change her into an adult and keep her removed from the main story entirely. I now imagine her as a relatively successful writer (she probably writes fantasy romances), who loves plants and cats and her quiet peaceful life, but she feels something is missing. She gets an idea of what that could be when she meets Inra (in his not-shapeshifted form finally; at first she only meets him in cat form). They quickly form a deep bond, but unfortunately he can't stay in the human world forever. He needs to figure out what kind of life he wants to live, and she needs to decide if she wants to leave everything behind for him or vice versa.
Feline Fabric
Aurel, Ivo & Miriam: Aurel is stubborn, self-centered, quick to anger and has no regard for others, which is his way of coping with the circumstances in his life. His owners are an elderly pair who never could have kids, and while the husband realizes that Aurel is a very bad fit for them his wife keeps holding on to her expectations, which results in constant friction in the household and ultimately in Aurel being literally confined in the house (barred windows and all). He desperately seeks attention, though, and, once outside, finds a very willing recipient in Ivo. Ivo is a fashion designer who works for a big label and makes a very good living from that, but finds himself art blocked more and more to the point of barely being able to work at all. He secretly dreams of working in the very niche market for mokat* fashion (* = catpeople, term may change if I can think of something better) and when Aurel appears this gets rammed into his face full force. His head immediately gets swarmed by idea after idea and he really latches onto that despite everyone cautioning him about Aurel's lacking personality and bad influence. He finds himself getting caught up in Aurel and his seductions way more than he should, which causes him to nearly go mad. Miriam is Ivo's fiance and sees pretty clearly what's happening between him and Aurel. She tries to warn Ivo again and again that he's going down a dangerous path where she wouldn't be able to follow, and she starts to hate Aurel for trying to take away the life with Ivo she dreamed of.
Rajnish, Miral & Numa: Rajnish has a knack for healing (and magic, although that's not widely accepted as something real and not part of the main story). He's one of the rare voices of reason that Aurel is willing to listen to (because 1. he doesn't immediately judge Aurel by his behavior like everyone else and 2. they share a fondness for sensual activities), and he's guiding him to a place to live and his old mentor when things with Ivo get out of hand. Miral & Numa have their own little side story about finding themselves a new life apart from their old master. Miral is desperately trying to hold on to his old life, even though he hates it, because he doesn't see the possibility of anything else. At least he has food and shelter and a good standing. Numa unintentionally challenges that when he arrives there, but takes a liking to him enough to also intentionally try to encourage Miral to take life into his own hands and decide something better for himself.
____
I mean I have more OCs, but these are the ones that I tend to think about the most and I reaaallyyyyy want to draw all these things as comics some day 🥹✨
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A longread on writing comedy
This is what I do to research writing comedy:
What helped me most was analyzing a lot of jokes: "It's funny. Why is it funny? How does this joke work?" Usually it's something that subverses the expectations in a specific way or an unexpected collision of two things. (Like a pun is a collision of sound and meaning.) For my analysis, I wonder: "What is the expectation after the set-up? Why do I have this expectation? How does the pay-off subverse the expectation? Why does it still make sense in relation to the set-up?"
For example: I unleashed this kind of analysis on the movie George of the Jungle. It has a surprisingly high hit rate, I think around three jokes per minute in the first one third of the movie, and it still manages to get the story going and the characters introduced. I’ve mentioned this before, but I don’t think I gave examples, and you know I’m all about the teaching.
I found at least 17 types. Heads up, this is going to be a longread.
Type 1: Puns
Narrator: “When they finally beheld the mighty Ape Mountain…”
[They see a mountain shaped like a gorilla head.]
Narrator, cont’d: “… they reacted with awe.”
All: “Aww.”
Narrator: “I said ‘awe”. A-W-E.”
All: “Ooh!”
Narrator: “That’s better.”
Explanation:
The pun lies in the fact that “awe” and “aww” sound the same.
There is a visual type of comedy as well that we can’t effectively reproduce in writing: the mountain is shaped like a gorilla head.
BTW: the narrator defies genre expectations by interacting with the characters, and the characters defy genre expectations by being able to hear the narrator.
Type 2: Tone of voice
Narrator, about the main characters: “Scraped and boo-booed, they searched high and low.
Explanation:
“Boo-booed” is a children’s word, not the tone you would use for a hero. Compare “tummy” and “stomach”.
Type 3: Defying genre expectations
[The guide falls off a rope bridge into a deep chasm.]
Narrator: “Don’t worry—nobody dies in this story. They just get really big boo-boos.”
Explanation:
The narrator is breaking the fourth wall.
Again: tone of voice with the “boo-boos”.
Contrast between the boo-boo and the injuries one usually suffers after falling into a deep chasm.
Type 4: Not defying genre expectations
[A lion appears from the bushes. A baby monkey makes a sound like “uh-oh”.]
[The baby monkey does the Tarzan call and bangs its chest.]
[The lion flees.]
[The monkey giggles.]
[The monkey gives George a thumbs up.]
[From the bushes, the lion winks at George. George winks back.]
Explanation:
Expectation: the lion is a danger to the baby monkey and George will need to fight it to save the monkey.
Defying expectations: the monkey and the lion are in on the plan.
Not defying genre expectations: George of the Jungle is clearly based on Tarzan. George doesn’t refer to that fact, but the monkey does, by doing the Tarzan call and banging its chest.
Improbable: monkeys who giggle and give thumbs up.
Impossible: lions who wink.
Type 5: Contrast
Narrator: “Meanwhile, 43 vines away, George’s kingdom is being threatened by a terrifying intruder.”
[We see the adorable Leslie Mann, who plays Ursula, smiling and talking to the camera.]
Ursula: “Hi! It’s me again!”
Explanation:
Contrast between what the narrator says and what we see.
The narrator isn’t lying. He refers to Lyle and the poachers who will be introduced in this scene.
There’s also humor in the phrase “43 vines away”, because of the overt specificity and because a vine is not a measure of distance.
Type 6: Oblivious character
[Lyle takes a Polaroid picture of one of the guides.]
Lyle: “Do you like it? Magic picture. Yet another gift from America. Here you go. You’re welcome.”
[The guide replies in Swahili. There is no translation in the subtitles.]
[All the guides laugh.]
[The guide continues in Swahili. Only the last few words are in English: “35 mm.” The guide takes his own camera and snaps a picture of Lyle.]
[All the guides and Ursula laugh.]
Lyle, not amused: “Translation, please.”
Other guide: “He says he likes your magic pictures, but he prefers the resolution of the Leica 35 mm transparencies.”
[Everyone but Lyle laughs.]
Other guide, cont'd: “He also says your lens is dirty, but he has the equipment to clean it for you.”
Explanation:
Lyle doesn’t understand Swahili, while the guides understand everything Lyle says to them in English.
The fact that Ursula, Lyle's fianceé, understands Swahili and laughs along with the guides, is adds contrast to his obliviousness.
Lyle is the butt of the joke. He humiliates the guides and now he’s humiliated on his own turf while the guides don’t stoop down to his level.
This joke is threefold: 1. The set-up: Lyle is the arrogant asshole who thinks he’ll show the locals about technological development. 2. The guide is not only not impressed, he knows Polaroid and has a camera of his own, and is knowledgeable. 3. And he demonstrates his superiority in a (more or less) polite way.
Type 7: Slapstick
[George is swinging on the vines.]
Narrator: “He is swift. He is strong. He is sure. He is smart.”
[George hits a tree and falls.]
Narrator, deadpan: “He is unconscious.”
Explanation:
Slapstick is another type of humor that barely translates to written fiction, when the actors behave silly, for example by falling over, hurting themselves, or others. It's often over the top. Laurel & Hardy is a well-known example of slapstick.
Type 8: Alliteration
Narrator: “The tired trekkers trudged on feverish footsies over perilous paths.”
Explanation:
If several words in each other’s vicinity start with the same letter, it’s called alliteration.
Note that "footsies" is another example of a contrast in tone of voice—it’s another children’s word.
Type 9: Improbable things
[George spins a lion over his head.]
George: “George not even trying hard.”
Explanation:
While not impossible, spinning an actual lion over one’s head is improbable and thus goes against real-world expectations.
Type 10: Impossible things
[A gorilla called Ape enters George’s tree house and scares Ursula.]
Ursula: “What does it want? What does it want?”
Ape: [points at a big book] “It wants its Physician’s Desk Reference, if you don’t mind, unless you’d rather die of dengue fever, of course.”
[Ursula faints again.]
Explanation:
Gorillas can’t talk, can’t read, and aren’t usually well-versed in curing tropical diseases.
Type 11: Breaking social norms
[Ursula is unconscious. George licks her face, clearly meaning well.]
Explanation:
In our society, it is not only considered impolite but also gross to lick the face of a stranger. The fact that George does this anyway, clearly not realizing he does something wrong, is a subversion of what we’d expect of social norms and behavior.
Type 12 and 13: Hyperbole and understatement
[Earlier, Ursula fainted when she saw Ape talk and do human things.]
[Ape is reading when he sees Ursula look at him. He panics, throws the book away, starts grunting, and bangs his chest.]
[Ursula faints again.]
Ape: “Eh.”
Explanation:
Ursula fainting again is a hyperbole: a reaction that is stronger than expected.
Ape saying “Eh.” is an understatement: a reaction less strong than expected.
Type 14: Obvious repetitions
Ursula: “… And I didn’t want my fianc—Um, this guy I was with, to worry.”
Narrator, a few moments later: “George and Ursula set out on a desperate search to find her fianc—Uh, that guy she was with.”
Type 15: Stating the obvious
[We see the guide’s hand, pointing at a really big footprint in the mud.]
Narrator: “Meanwhile, back at the really big footprint in the mud, (...)”
Explanation:
Stating the obvious can be funny because the audience doesn’t expect you to do or say this because it is so very obvious.
Type 16: Adult humor
[George watches Ursula sleep.]
George: “George having stirrings of special feelings right now.”
Ape, drily: “I see.”
George: “Good thing she same species, huh?”
Explanation:
Ape’s reply, “I see”, could be an innuendo, but it doesn’t come across as a joke (to me at least). Maybe it’s downplayed because it’s a children’s movie.
If this is an innuendo, it’s a play on words. “I see”, figuratively, for “I understand”, or literally for “Yes, I can tell from your erection.”
“Good thing she same species” because George shouldn’t have stirrings of special feelings for animals.
Type 17: Rhyme
[George is swinging on a vine.]
George: “Look, like this!”
Song: “He flies through the air with the greatest ease.”
Song, cont’d: “Our daring young man on the flying trapeze.”
[George hangs upside down from a vine.]
George: “Look, no hands.”
Song, cont’d: “His movements so grateful, all girls he could please.”
Song, cont’d: “And with love he is swinging away…”
[On the ground, gorillas frantically run back and forth with a safety net.]
Song, cont’d: “He flies through the air with the greatest of ease.”
Ursula: “George, watch out for that—”
Song, cont’d while George yelps: “Our daring young man on the—” [Song stops abruptly.]
[Thud]
[George grunts.]
Ursula: “… tree.”
Explanation:
When words end in the same sounds, we call it rhyme.
It’s physically impossible to hang from a vine with no hands.
The gorillas with the safety net imply that they expect George to fall.
Also, it’s improbable that gorillas would do this.
Slapstick: George hitting the tree.
Comedic timing: Ursula being just too late to warn George about the tree.
Song + Ursula: “Our daring young man on the—tree.” Because by then he is literally stuck to the tree.
Or throw everything at the audience, whatever.
[George has a pet elephant, Shep, who behaves like a happy doggy.]
[Shep is chewing a humongous bone.]
Narrator: “Later, they rested, while the tired tusker teethed on a… Wait a second, the dog bone is too much. Lose it.”
[The dog bone disappears.]
Narrator: “That’s better.”
[Shep whines.]
Explanation:
Improbable: Pet elephant who behaves like a doggy.
Alliteration: “tired tusker teethed”
Fourth wall: the narrator comments on the story while it is going on, and edits it.
***
Here are some other funny situations from the movie. Try to analyze what’s going on. Usually you can spot several types.
Situation 1
Narrator: “Meanwhile, at a very big and expensive waterfall set, Ursula was amazed that she was lost in the wilderness with a jungle man.”
Ursula: “And here I am, lost in the wilderness with a jungle man.”
Situation 2
Narrator: “The guides came dangerously close—”
Narrator: “That is, dangerously close to shove a coconut up in Kyle’s—”
Narrator: “Sleeping bag.”
Situation 3
Lyle: “I am the richest, handsomest, smartest guy here, so I get to go first!”
[Lyle pushes past everyone, trips over a tree stump and lands face first in a steaming pile of elephant poop.]
Lyle: “There’s an elephant here.”
Guide, while looking straight into the camera: “Bad guy falls into poop. Classical element of physical comedy.”
Guide, cont’d: “Now comes the element where we throw our heads back and laugh.”
Guide, cont’d: “Ready?”
Other guides, while also looking straight into the camera: “Ready!”
[All the guides throw their heads back and laugh.]
[Monkey laughs and points at Lyle.]
[Off-screen, other animals make laughing sounds.]
Lyle, spitting out poop: “Those are nowhere near properly digested.”
Lyle, cont’d: “In case anyone is wondering, I’m okay.”
Situation 4
[Cliffhanger: it looks like Lyle has shot George from up close.]
Narrator: “Whew! Okay kids, let’s settle down and review the important information. Lyle is a big doofus. Poor George was actually shot but can’t die because, let’s face it, he’s the hero. So, the naturally concerned and preternaturally wealthy Ursula Stanhope whisked George away on a private jet bound for the country of his birth—”
[George has a tiny band-aid on his forehead.]
Narrator, cont’d: “—where he’s gonna get the finest medical treatment available!”
Ursula: “I’m gonna get you the finest medical treatment available.”
Situation 5
Narrator: “Well, Ursula […] could use a best friend now.”
Best friend: “Hi!”
Ursula: “He’s in the shower.”
Best friend, distracted: “Not anymore.”
George, naked: “Bad waterfall. First, water get hot—”
[A sexy saxophone plays]
George, cont’d: “Then George slips on this strange yellow rock.”
[Perspective: the camera looks at the two women, seen from between George’s legs. They are clearly ogling his crotch.]
[Ursula swoons.]
George, noticing the friend: “Hi! George of jungle.”
Friend, eager: “Charmed, I’m sure.”
[Ursula hands George objects that barely cover his crotch. The camera switches back to a frontal view of George. The friend is still ogling George.]
Best friend, mumbling appreciatively: “I see why they made him king of the jungle.”
***
I hope this was helpful. Don’t hesitate to ask me any questions, and happy writing!
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