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mmmmalo · 5 years

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Some Words on Openbound

This is a step towards a more comprehensive account of A6I3 (Openbound). The basic idea: Meenah’s interactive adventures can be read as a dream-sequence from Roxy’s point of view expressing the following motifs:

The threat posed by (Lord) English functions as a metastasized metaphor for problems posed by language itself.

To escape from the clutches of language is to achieve perfect communication, represented by a return to a pre-lingual, child-like state (“pre-lingual” at once referring to image, sensation, and silence)

The recurring motif of 'merging with child’ is also used to a. to express the desire for pregnancy b. to express the desire to become one’s True Self, conceptualized as an inner, child-self that is “born” within oneself like an embryo c. to express pedophilia

First: Meenah is Roxy’s doppelganger. When we are introduced to Roxy’s fenestrated planes, we are promptly informed that if someone were caught half in/out one of the windows when the power cuts off, the poor soul would be sliced in two (4510). By Chekhov’s gun, this introduction ought to result in someone getting gorily bisected by the window, but it never happens. Instead we get this:

Gcat warps the panel away, trapping Roxy in the void, and we are shown a bisected horse puppet (left). The half-horse reiterates the looming threat of Chekhov’s guillotine. Roxy’s body is intact, but the scenery suggests she ought to be split. The suggestion is followed by the initial appearance of Meenah (right), implying that Meenah herself is a piece of Roxy, snipped away and running rampant. Thus, a doppelganger.

So, taking Meenah to be a esoteric mirror of Roxy, it follows that her adventures in the dreams bubbles are a narrative frame for /Roxy’s/ dreams. This is the basic assumption of everything that follows.

1: Language is the enemy.

Time is an impermeable barrier. It ticks on irreversibly, edging its victims unto entropic dissolution. The Lord of Time and the destruction he brings embody the inevitability of death. Aradia cracks a joke about this at the beginning of Openbound: within the ageless confine of the dreambubbles, “time is a figure of speech”, she says. Though ostensibly asserting the endless flexibility of time, an alternate interpretation would indicate that Lord English, time, and language itself are apprehended on similar terms. The most useful one presently: language, like time, is regarded as a barrier.

Throughout Homestuck, characters struggle with abstractions, beginning with the frustrating data mechanics of the sylladex and culminating in various tightrope-walks along unorthodox configurations of space and time. Language numbers among the headaches: Caliborn characterizes the text he reads as “walls”, further declaring them to be “impenetrable” and “migraine-inducing”. On one level, this aligns with Caliborn’s statement that the kids talk/think too much and he’d like them to just GET THE FuCK ON WITH IT ALREADY: speech is an obstacle towards both the completion of the kids’ objectives and Caliborn’s attainment of what he wants. On another level, this aligns with the later discussion of Caliborn’s learning disability: in all likelihood, he has difficulty reading. Another example of this disdain for language is Jade, who, in her rapturous treatise on the wonders of anthro, answers the call of the wild by renouncing words.

No need to answer. Words slough from the busy mind like a useless dead membrane as a more visceral sapience takes over. Something simpler is in charge now, a force untouched by the concerns and burdens of the upright, that farcical yoke the bipedal tow. It now drives you through the midnight brush, your paws whisking through creepers, unearthing with each bold stomp bright odors demanding investigation.

Just prior to Openbound, the sentiments expressed above (that language is unnecessary, an obstacle to unmediated communication and pure sensation) are restated in mythic terms: REALITY ITSELF is being DESTROYED by (LORD) ENGLISH! Language the inhibitor of direct experience becomes language the rot of the universe, language the malevolent destroyer of the capacity for any experience at all.

Meenah witnesses English’s destruction of reality and rushes off to recruit soldiers to fight him. There is harmony between the imminent threat of English and the gameplay: the primary obstacles to Meenah’s objectives are words. Literal walls of text stand between you and the end of the level, as you must navigate exhausting conversations to satisfy the game’s win conditions. Within the conversation themselves, the motif persists by showcasing various ways that speech can obscure meaning.

Kankri couches his points in overly ornate terminology and uses social justice as a tool for settling personal disputes. Latula laments how her commitment to her RAD speech affectations and persona can make her harder to understand. Cronus trips over his own accent, Mituna tumbles through various word spasms. Meulin’s deafness is thematically succeeded by Rufioh’s inability to communicate his unhappiness to the Horuss, who has sweat in his ears. The two characters who you cannot understand at all, the silent Kurloz and the pseudo-Japanese speaking Damara, are revealed to be direct servants of Lord English! Failure to communicate – inability to bridge the barrier of language – is the enemy.

The counter to the hyperbolic threat of language-as-mediation and is a fantasy of perfect communication. In Jade’s scenario, attainment of this ideal is presented visually as Jade acquiring the superficial markers of a wolf (“Wouldn't these ears suit you? Would not this proud long snout assist you in the hunt?”), whereupon she acquires the rich experience that she associates with the idea of animal, unmediated by language. Just as Jade merges with the image of a wolf, there is an image in Openbound that Meenah seeks, the attainment of which embodies the goal of some idealized communication, without words.

The image is that of childhood.

2: Kankri and Porrim form a spectrum of identity

In Homestuck, desire is generally structured as the restoration of a lost unity. Consider Cherub reproduction, itself inspired by a Platonic model of love: in seeking a soulmate, one is actually seeking a fascimile of their lost half, that with which they were originally united. The force that fractures this unity -- the boundary that prohibits access to the desired object -- is the law.

I elaborate on the various corollaries of this motif elsewhere (x)(x), but for present purposes, let it suffice to say that time itself functions as a law of sorts, insofar as time rips you away from childhood and bars the possibility of a return.

That’s a little abstract, so here’s an example: due to the the status of trolls as manifestations, we know that the characters Meenah visits in the afterlife are expressions of her (and thus Roxy’s) psyche. This relationship is difficult to map on a troll-by-troll basis. But things begin to click when you view each cluster of interactions with Beforan trolls as a mental constellation, their interplay showcasing pervasive internal dialogues and dynamics.

In the first cluster, Latula appears between Porrim and Kankri because SHE IS THE LAW, dividing Jesus from Mary, Child from Mother (which, as I will show, seems to be the trajectory Roxy imagines for herself). This is the reason that Latula successfully interrupts Kankri and Karkat’s “conversation”: they are clones, more or less, and the law is that which divides the child from itself.

I don’t claim Kankri represents a child just because he’s a brat who gets ruthlessly mothered by Porrim: it’s also implicit in his politics. Humans are not stratified by blood color, so the hemospectrum is not directly analogous to any real life example of power, privilege, or what have you. Neither is it perfectly generic. In a given context, the hemospectrum is often analogized to some particular notion of hierarchy. Eridan’s drive for blood purity marks him as a analogous to a racial supremacist; the depiction of Zebruh’s attitude towards low bloods is well interpreted as being rooted in a particularly exploitative brand of misogyny (x); and Kankri’s polemics pivot upon the particular role that AGE DIFFERENCE plays in structural oppression of Alternia, a metaphor for what is popularly termed “adultism”, injustices stemming from the power adults hold over children.

Kankri emphasizes that the lifespan discrepancy between warm and cool hemochroma means the upper classes are allotted far more time (unto eons) to consolidate power and define cultural norms; their immense lifespans constitute a structural basis for the oppression of lowbloods, whose relative youth means less time to organize. This doubles as a description of a political limitation of children, relative to adults. Kankri describes the lowest grouping of blood colors as Burgundy, Ochre, Umber, and Yellow -- BUOY for short, which not coincidentally is Meenah’s nautical permutation of BOY. All of which is to say that Kankri rankling at Porrim’s doting is mutually analogous with his politics, in the context of Beforus, where coddling is the de facto relation between castes. His being a brat raging against an overbearing mother is an analogy.

And funny enough, that’s something he and Porrim have in common, in a way. Porrim balks at the /role/ of motherhood expected of her, among other injustices upon women in Beforan society. And Porrim likewise objects to the role of RAD GIRL that Latula 'pro+jects’, encouraging her to just ‘be yo+urself’... the idea being, in the same sense that Latula’s GAME GIRL persona masks her ‘real’ personality, femininity itself is construed as a shell encasing the ‘true’ child-self within. Or rather, the feminine persona is portrayed as being pregnant with the child-self, which is the true self. So Kankri’s raging against Porrim is a metaphor for a spirit balking at the gendered expectations that encase them.

If I can speak with any confidence on this psychological reading of Kankri and Porrim’s opposition, it because the invocation of pregnancy to communicate as sense of inner/outer self is repeated throughout the dream, through the language used to describe characters who are otherkin. Take Cronus for example: he is named after a god famous for devouring his children. And his lusus (an expression of his desire) is a seahorse, notable for their child-bearing males. The net effect is the impression of a baby in Cronus’s belly -- but instead of literal pregnancy, we see Cronus describe himself as ‘a human “born” in the body of a troll’, essentially invoking the image of pregnancy to communicate his status as humankin.

Here you might begin to see how this is Roxy’s dream -- the mental conflict between Porrim (womanhood) and Kankri (childhood, which while ostensibly gender neutral can be rendered masculine by opposition to womanhood) creates a spectrum of identity available to Roxy, as made explicit by their gender exploration in the epilogues. This seems to be the joke at play whenever Latula reiterates the “GIRLS RULE, BOYS DROOL” line from her theme song: taken literally, it is a succinct summary of the Kankri/Porrim conflict, wherein the feminine persona is construed as dominating the (at times masculine by contrast) child-self.

Kankri’s description of a “warm-identifying physically-cooler caste” is Roxy: she identifies with her child-self.

And as I mentioned before, just as Latula stands between Porrim and Kankri, time is the law separating someone feeling trapped by femininity from a childhood where such concerns were nonexistent. Time is thus the enemy, which is one of the thematic reasons the Lord of Time warrants such resentment. A certain longing for childhood also characterizes the glimpses of John that punctuates Openbound: he laments the inability to recapture the feeling of watching Con Air with his Dad when he was younger (throwing his big tantrum at the exact moment that Cyrus threatens the bunny, which really ought to go back in the box, the perfectly generic object). Roxy later voices a similar sentiment in Wizardy Herbert via Beatrix, who would “trade all the badges in the world to go back to when things were simpler.” Elsewhere in the story Roxy emphasizes a growing tension between a figure with ~100 merit badges (symbolizing complexity) with another character, Russet (an apple, the emblem of atomic simplicity, as per drunk!Rose). Kanaya might describe this as a tension between Space and Time (1093), but here it chiefly serves to further underline the Child and Adult distinction.

3: The corollary of “perfect communication” is silence.

If Time divides the child from itself, it can be hypothesized that Lord English can embody this divide in his other symbolic functions, such as his embodiment of language. If true, it follows that the union of the child-self represents perfect, unmediated communication. Our first example of such a union then are the enmeshed Vantases (who are basically clones) -- but instead of some transcendent transmission of thought, we see an endless one-sided lecture. Spoonful after heaping spoonful of heaving diarhetoric fed directly into Karkat’s gaping earhole.

And on a psychological level, perhaps that’s an apt description of what it means to “just be yourself” without interruption, no commentary or insecure protests interjecting their way into your stream of consciousness. Ordering yourself around without a second thought. And I’ve been in the zone in that way, where I’m so immersed in a task that the task becomes me. But on an interpersonal level, it’s clear that “perfect” speech is entirely unequal.

Despite ostensibly championing the rights of children in the face of domination, Kankri asserts himself as the “teacher” to Karkat’s “pupil”, assuming that the transmission of truth will be one-sided. When confronted by Porrim about this hypocrisy, Kankri defensively insists that he is having a “man to man conversation” with Karkat, an equal exchange. (And oddly, even as she advocates for Karkat, Porrim leaves Karkat in his silence, gently assuring him that his dejected glance has said all he needs to say...)

At any rate, the Karkat-Kankri dynamic illustrates that the immediacy of communication within the primordial union brings with it an element of domination. The subsequent pairings (Cronus-Mituna and Kurloz-Meulin) elaborate on problems and abuses that can accompany compromised speech and silence, each section emphasizing a particular child symbol: respectively, angels and cats (which I’ve established previously).

Angels first: Cronus’s claim that “as a wwingman [Mituna] is a total disgrace” uses “wingman” to invoke the image of angels. This method is repeated by Lil Hal, who observes that Dirk views him as a “counterproductive wing man”, to which Dirk sarcastically replies “nice deduction Lil Einstein”. The reference to the Disney Jr. show neatly ties the angel reference into the fact that as Dirk’s creation, in a sense Hal can be considered Dirk’s child. And in the same way that Hal (the child/angel) functions partly as a reflection of Dirk’s own nature, Mituna’s angel status indicates that he can function symbolically as Cronus’s “inner-child”, the self with which one is pregnant.xx

Silence is an interminable pregnancy. Not speaking means not birthing the baby, not letting the angel fall to earth. The hush is a measure against the corruption and ruin associated with English. (Even though the silent characters are his most devoted servants?)

Cronus demonstrates this with the command “vwait here, try not to fall dowvn, and ABOVWE ALL, try not to be seen” in which “above all” doubles as the place from which Mituna is falling. Language is the instrument of descent, Mituna’s garbled speech emphasizes his “fallen” status within the paradigm. Cronus “really hates the sound of” Mituna partly because he views Mituna as a caricature of himself, again not unlike Dirk’s violent rejection of the negative qualities he identifies in Hal.

This is why Cronus’s opening gesture is to fail a tongue-twister and cry GLOBES in exasperation: it is as though he has hit a snag in his verbal kick-flip and face-planted onto the earth (the globe) -- Mituna bombing his literal stunts and falling down being the root visual. Skateboards (and other 4-wheel devices) are vehicles unto “unreal air”: a status of immaculate lofty ideality, and thus untouchable and pure. The other skateboarder, Latula, made a point of emphasizing her untouchability as she performed some “objectively rad” tricks for Kankri. And more to the point, Latula claims that her intuitions “just make sense” and explaining them would not be "radical”, saying in her own way that bringing her feelings/intuitive knowledge into the realm of speech would in some way tarnish or degrade them. “4 grlz gott4 s4cr1f1c3 und3rst4nd4b1l1ty for th3 s4k3 of r4dn3ss” she says.

Another way to put it is that not expressing a thought can make seem invincible -- it cannot be exposed to the risk of contradiction or mockery. A relevant quote:

MEENAH: i heard a rumor you think youre a human now MEENAH: that true

CRONUS: its a privwate matter. i dont see vwhy i should havwe to talk about it vwith you, and open myself up to more of your judgmental scorn.

MEENAH: sounds like another desperate cry for attention imo

(Aside: an old friend of mine faced almost this exact conversation on facebook when they came out as a trans man, so this one actually hit home a little bit.)

Roxy’s sensitivity to the reactions of others is perhaps implicit in the paranoid staring contests with the void, but in relation to their gender expression, it becomes most explicit in the epilogue -- not only in the faltering manner by which Roxy begins to assert their gender expression, but in the narration itself. Although Dirk’s narration seems to largely reflection his own hesitation to embrace Roxy’s newfound identity, it should be remembered that he is effectively Roxy’s brainghost when narrating their thoughts. That is to say, Dirk’s reaction to Roxy is symbiotic with what Roxy imagines Dirk’s reaction would be. The mockery in the narration is the mockery Roxy expects and fears. Thus, Roxy’s level of comfort and security with their current gender expression necessarily coincides with the level of ease expressed by Dirk’s later narration.

But let’s return to Openbound.

The traumatic deafening of Meulin is analogous to the deathening of Jaspers: one is blasted with the violent shriek of a clown, the other sassacrushed by the “daunting text” of Mark Twain. With the cat as a symbol of the child-self, the message is basically that the child’s encounter with language is a violent experience. (Lord English is destroying reality, etc etc) Kankri neatly echoes this point of view by announcing one of his lectures as “my crushing harangue 9n this delicate su6ject” -- to rephrase, he is crushing the delicate subject (child) with his harangue.

Like much violence in Homestuck, violence of speech is sexualized. There is a moment where Cronus openly relishes the unilateral communication first displayed in the Kankri > Karkat pipeline. He basks in the fact that Mituna is incapable of repeating anything coherently, or that Mituna’s word is otherwise held in such disrepute that no one will take Mituna seriously. As Cronus does this, Mituna laments that Cronus is touching him and will not stop.

The bad-touch motif continues with Kurloz and Meulin, who achieve their own mode of “perfect communication” (union with child-self) via streams of wordless, emotive images. In the above exchange, Kurloz mimes an Ewok rubbing a child, to which Meulin responds with a small frown and a laughing Sailor Moon, as if to convey that she were the one being tickled in the previous gif. She slams the UNSEE button to emphasize her displeasure. (It is only after this sequence that we learn Kurloz can control Meulin’s mind, further linking harmonious union with tyrannical, unilateral communication)

It’s worth noting here that Meenah’s goal in parts 1 & 2 is to get through gates established by Karkat, ultimately convincing him to join up with her. Karkat who, alongside Kankri, currently represents the child-self. Just as Rufioh interprets Meenah’s invitation to join as a romantic proposal, Meenah interprets her successful recruitment of Karkat as a date, sealing the euphemism by reassuring her recruit that he “will not regret hitchin [his] wagon to [her] starfish”, which is a sex joke. The undertones of age disparity later surface as Meenah joins up with her second Vriska (x):

MEENAH: can i ask a kinda personal question MEENAH: i mean not even that personal but whatev

VRISKA: Sure...?

MEENAH: how old are you

VRISKA: Uh, VRISKA: Almost seven and a half sweeps. VRISKA: Getting close to eight!!!!!!!! VRISKA: I pro8a8ly sound like a fucking nerd, 8ut I've 8een excited a8out reaching that milestone pretty much my whole life.

MEENAH: 7.5 huh MEENAH: i guess thats a lil more respectable

VRISKA: More respecta8le than what?

MEENAH: nofin

For Roxy, the libidinal investment in kids is confined to subtext for basically the whole story: jokes about the speculative mechanics of boning chess people and elves, the sexual tension between Russet and the boy with 100 merit badges, the time Roxy was briefly upset to learn she had been “flirt-larping” with a 13 year old Dirk, only to resume the game a page later -- little moments. In the epilogues, Roxy being highly conscious of her interactions with children and the potential for reproducing systems of domination seems embedded in her trepidation towards any of the players governing the world they created (a hands-off attitude toward parenting that may also offer some rationale for Mom’s neglect of Rose, if all that is true of Roxy holds true for her past self).

But let’s move forward.

4: To See Oneself as a Host Plush

I’d like to reiterate here that the Kankri-Porrim dichotomy suggests that the categories of ‘baby’ and ‘boy’ are blurred in their mutual opposition to ‘girl’. Again, the letter of the law: BOYS DROOL! This offers a rationale for oddities like Roxy wiping John’s mouth for him during their date in Candy (boys drool), or this little slip-of-the-tongue which I wouldn’t quite call subtle:

ROXY: doin ok up there b?

JOHN: i’m fine!!! JOHN: wait. b?

ROXY: yea like short for babe ROXY: cuz ur my babe b

JOHN: oh, haha. right.

If we’re being less charitable, you could characterize this as Roxy keeping her eyes on the prize -- as though in addressing John, she is actually addressing the baby that he can provide her. And while I’m not certain of that, the notion of such double-speak (seemingly addressing the person in front of you when you are actually addressing an unborn child) is crucial for understanding the metaphors embedded in the Damara-Rufioh-Horuss triad.

The motif of pregnancy is here introduced via Fiduspawn: impregnate the host plush and a baby pony comes out.

You might remember that Rufioh refers to girls as ‘doll’ -- this quirk links the host plush to the feminine (at least within the context of this dream). To be more precise, the doll is characterized as a void that invites (or even demands) filling: this is a complementary reading of Horuss’s claim that Rufioh “stole his breath away”, synonymous with the claim that Rufioh “has a way of drawing the breath out of people”. The Rogue of Breath has difficulty standing up for himself (Horuss calls it “affable pliability”), so Horuss often speaks over him or on his behalf, as though Rufioh were a marionette. Horuss is saying that Rufioh’s passive demeanor invites this sort of behavior, that Rufioh’s effective silence means he is “asking for it”, to use a loaded phrase.

How funny then that the “doll” of their group Damara (whose name means Silence) is literally “asking for it”, constantly. The same logic applies to Dirk’s decapitated head (from just before this intermission!) and Vriska’s comatose body -- through narrative contrivance, each voiceless vessel hauntingly implores a living Page to kiss them, to fill them with a Breath from without. The sequences suggest a conviction on the part of the kissers: that which is “empty” must desire to be “filled”, a framing that becomes particularly unpleasant when sexualized.

What Damara is asking for is ambiguous, at once referring to sex and the child to which sex serves as vehicle (among other potentials). I wrote awhile back (x) that Mom gave Jaspers an ostentatious burial as a proxy mourning for a miscarried child that preceded Rose, and her cat-cloning was oriented towards the eventual revival of her lost baby. For Damara (and thus Roxy) this becomes a fundamental myth: the desire for children is complemented in intensity by the conviction that the child has already been lost, or stolen from you. Horuss observes that Damara’s remarks a leaning “bloo” because (it’s a pun) her dirty talk is tinged with mourning. There is, inexplicably, sorrow when Damara says she wants to feel her nipples between your teeth. She’s not talking to you -- she’s talking to the baby.

This is also the joke when Latula/Terezi threaten to kill Damara for approaching Mituna/Karkat: the LAW will not permit you to access BABY! You may not recover your child or your childhood, time has barred you from both. (Though of course, through the pedophilia lens this becomes much less sympathetic).

A similar moment can be read into Horuss: Kankri, like all trolls, acts as a manifestation of some emotional surge, so Kankri’s sudden appearance implies that someone is legitimately triggered, despite the comic’s apparent commitment to denigrating his point of view. Like Cronus, Horuss’s horse-kin status entails an identification with his inner (child) self -- but the trans allegory melds seamlessly into other modes of union with the child image, such as pregnancy. So when Kankri asks Horuss to confirm that he is triggered by Meenah’s skepticism towards his identity, the reply “Trigger sounds like a wonderful name for a hoofbeast” is not merely a flippant non-sequitur, but also another echo of the core lamentation, a wistful musing on names for a dead/unborn child.

A brief step backwards: at the beginning, we outlined how Lord English’s destruction of reality was (in the present context at least) a mythic expression of fears and frustrations about communication and speech. Dissatisfaction /produced/ a fantasy individual to whom the problem could be sourced and blamed assigned. A similar attitude should be adopted in examining Damara’s theft of Rufioh’s “happy thought” Tinkerbull -- she represents an already existing discontentment with his circumstances, crystallized into an individual.

This is where Damara would seem to slot into the dysphoria proceedings: she crushed Tinkerbull with a refrigerator, a reprisal of the sassacrushing of Jaspers. The refrigerator is a womb symbol (I insist), suggesting that the womb is a hostile force on par with the Law of English (Girls Rule!). From the perspective of Mom, this could be read a response to her miscarriage, a result of blaming her own body for the child’s death. From Roxy’s perspective, it might be better characterized as ‘the body itself is a domineering force suffocating my child self’ -- and thus dysphoria. Damara crushing Tinkerbull represents the sense that your own body is a meat prison, a shell imprisoning (if not outright killing) your happiness.

This is why Damara manifests for Kanaya, who struggles to reconcile herself with Porrim, a daunting image of ideal womanhood, especially as it concerns the care of matriorb (ie motherhood). Porrim assures her that even though motherhood is to some degree a societal imposition, a role, this does not mean Kanaya cannot embrace the perpetuation of her species on her own terms. This is a good lesson, and Kanaya agrees -- but there stands Damara regardless, joy-stealer, lingering discomfort with self-conception as a host plush. “Just ignore her until she goes away” is all the advice Porrim has to offer on the subject.

(Passing thought: It occurs to me that the phrase ‘happy thought’ used to describe Tinkerbull could be replaced with ‘euphoria’, forming a clean complement to ‘dysphoria’... but wordplay reliant on a missing link is somewhat suspect, so let’s leave that one in the margins)

5: High Euphemistic Density

Let’s review by playing with some euphemisms in Horuss’s opening address to Meenah. I’m dividing his words into 3 sections for ease of reference:

1 HORUSS: 8=D < Your Harness... I mean Hayness. Highness I mean. HORUSS: 8=D < F*DDLEST*%. Please pardon my utterly e%ecrable language, and unforgivable stammering, your Horseness. #Sh*ot! #I mean Hayness! #Whew. 2 HORUSS: 8=D < I am a bale of nerves in your royal presence, and it has been so long. 3 HORUSS: 8=D < And when I am so spooked, you must know how that causes me to even more firmly identify with the majestic hoofbeast.

Starting with three: recall, “girls rule”. Femininity is characterized as a daunting (or even domineering) imposition. Kanaya displaying anxiety at the prospect of measuring up to the image of Porrim is one way this motif crystallizes into a character dynamic. Another way seems to be Horuss’s anxiety before his empress -- just as Kankri (child) rebels against Porrim (mother), the presence of Meenah (mother) induces Horuss to identify with the hoofbeast (baby). Both cases present a shrinking away from a feminine authority figure as metaphor for rejection of the societal strictures of femininity.

Two is a dick joke: while Horuss is ostensibly lamenting his anxiety, a penis is a literal ‘bale of nerves’, a sensory cluster. “It has been so long.” The pun is reinforced as the expense of Rufioh, who apparently did not have ‘the nerve’ to ‘finish [Damara] off’ on her quest bed, which is an innuendo for sexual inadequacy. That Horuss’s smiling face emoji is itself a dick suggests a conflation of identification with his happy thoughts and identification with the member -- which, based on previous discussion of Tinkerbull, would seem to blur the line between having a dick and being pregnant? Which aligns with the notion that pregnancy becomes a metaphor for masculine identification via union with the child self.

(“You very nearly caught a glimpse of a horse penis and began to cry” conveys a mournful yearning of the same order as “I want to feel my nipples between your teeth”?)

But the metaphor goes both ways: the brain is another ‘bale of nerves’, thus offering a rational for Mituna’s presence on the outskirts of the dream. His fall from the brain tree strikes me as less an ejaculation (from brain-dick) as birth (from brain-womb) -- hence the use of Mituna as the lost child, forever denied to Damara by the law (Latula).

And we arrive at one, which repeats a bit from Cronus’s introduction: Horuss trips over his own speech, illustrating the Fall. Just as Cronus attempts to silence Mituna to avoid the embarrassment expected to accompany self-expression, Horuss attempts to c*nsor himself before the judgement of his empress. The need to hide himself (as the stoic smile might indicate) is also embedded in the way Horuss describes his mouth as a load-gaper, and begs pardon for his potty-mouth: silence is golden, and conversely speech becomes excrable, fallen and profaned.

(Silly thought: on occasion, censorship can also designate the holy, eg censoring the name of G*d so as not to besmirch it. That in mind, I find it amusing to take Roxy’s line “holiest of shits // the shit.... // is down right // SACROSANCT” as a literal deification of excrement, making Horuss and Rufioh’s self-censorship look like a last ditch attempt at keeping the angel-child up in heaven. No?)

6: Conclusions and Questions

Obviously, this isn’t all that can be said of Openbound -- people have written extensive character studies of the alpha trolls, mined their stories for clues and parallels to less tangential plot-lines, and otherwise made whatever sense could be made of things. My contribution is some words on the mixed metaphors, word play, and psychological motifs that surround the proceedings.

If you, like me, are frazzled by the sheer density of double and triple speak at play, this is the gist of what I’m arguing for:

“Merge with child” seems to be the overarching motivation expressed in Openbound. But to follow that command verbatim is impossible -- the goal must be interpreted (as getting pregnant, as being true to oneself, as pederasty, as nostalgic pursuit of simplicity, etc) in order to be realized.

That the ideal merger is an image whose wholeness/breadth of possibility is lost in the specificity of actualization would seem analogous to the Fall occurring between silence and speech... so the motif persists on a meta level, maybe? But we don’t need to dwell on that more than we already have.

Instead, I’d like to end with several new points that give me pause.

It’s still not clear to me why the silent characters are the direct servants of Lord English. Communication with them is impossible, and that frustration is what causes language to be conceived as a threat in the first place, but I have an itch that tells me there’s a bit more to it than that.

I don’t know what the transmission of the codpiece has to do with anything. I suspect it may number among various metaphors for trans masculinity, but that’s confirmation bias speaking -- from the scene itself, I gathered very little.

I wonder if Aranea’s info dumps at the end are factored in... you could construe them as placing Meenah in the position of Karkat relative to Kankri -- on the receiving end of spoonful after heaping spoonful of words. So even though Karkat disappears after you follow him, you’ve nonetheless “merged” with the child-function that he performs here? But again, I worry that this sort of hasty integration means I’m missing out on new info.

I’m pretty firmly of the mind that this whole intermission is chiefly devoted to Roxy, but I do worry that Meenah’s doppelganger status could have misled me on that point. After all, Jane’s planet quest contained references to her friends desires, not only her own (x)(x) -- would it be so odd for the same to be true of Roxy’s dreams? In which case it would be worth revisiting this intermission to double-check whether any given section might map more closely to the other alpha kids -- especially since Rufioh/Horuss is a transparent commentary on Dirk/Jake

This is a good a place as any to note that when I was operating under the assumption that Roxy was a trans girl, I was inclined to read the Rufioh/Horuss break-up as ambivalence on the question of getting rid of your dick -- which seemed sensible enough at the time, though the present model seems more consistent across the various conversations. It should be noted though that the language of gender questioning can easily serve multiple directions at once. So... I guess I want to make sure the apparent success of this approach doesn’t blind me to other interpretive potentials? Fingers crossed

...there’s more things to question, probably, but I think that’s good for now.

Special thanks to @red-zora for giving this mess the once-over.

Good night everyone.

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goffilolo · 5 years

Text

Conflict of Iyashi Shin

After a long time of waiting, I present you the much needed Shin-centered one shot. Also available on ao3: https://archiveofourown.org/works/19408303

Shin used to pride himself on his professionalism...for the most part. Some people (mainly Mrs. Todoroki) would say that it’s complete bullshit, except they would probable do away with the profanities. That is not to say he was ‘boring’; the brooding type of psychiatrist you see on the TV, who nods along whatever bullshit the patient of the week says and remains composed at all times, no that wasn’t him. The psych ward was already depressing enough without him having to fake an emotional depth of a puddle. Some would say that his approach was unorthodox at best, but...oh well, as long as it got the desired results it didn’t matter, not to him at least. Which, in hindsight wasn’t that good of an approach since it led to...Izuku.

Having Izuku as a patient was an experience. Whether it was a good one or a bad one he couldn’t tell. Something about that kid made him lose sight of his objectivism and everything else he stood for in regards to his profession. He knew very well what that ‘something’ was, except he wouldn’t dare to say it out loud; not when the filing cabinet next to his desk contained fake quirk registry documents, because he himself was too much of a coward, and now he was also a hypocrite, telling a damaged child that he can do better, be better.

Overall it could’ve been worse.

And here’s the issue.

It did get worse.

Just not in the way he originally anticipated. The doctor was currently faced with a new problem altogether; its name being Bakugou Katsuki.

Throughout the weeks of working with Izuku, he has developed somewhat of a strong, but distant hatred for that boy; the kind that you feel whenever you see a post about a celebrity you particularly dislike for something they’ve done despite never meeting them in person. That has obviously changed when he first ‘met’ Bakugou, which wasn’t so much of a meeting as it was staring at him in cold judgement as a roundabout way of being supportive to Izuku, while he proceeded to verbally destroy the blond in what became later known as ‘The Bakugou Shitshow’.

The second time he met Bakugou was during the group anger management session, which was surprising to say the least, because it used to be so easy to hate this imaginary concept of a person who you only got to hear the worst of from one of your patients. A bit like Endeavour, except not really, because he was dealing with a child who probably didn’t know any better. That didn’t stop Shin from feeling a certain level of bias when dealing with the blond, but it did make him feel a bit more ashamed for having that bias in the first place. When he went around asking each person in the group what made them decide to attend the session Bakugou replied with “My friend made me realise that I need to get my shit together” and it took everything in Shin’s power not to exclaim with a sarcastic “Since when do you have friends?”.

The third time he met Bakugou was...right now actually, in his office to be more precise. It felt wrong somehow, to have him as a patient, sitting in the same chair where Izuku sat before; crying his eyes out as he told the childhood tales that were long gone and forgotten. He very much did not want to have Bakugou as a patient, because despite his professionalism he knew he would have trouble keeping the sessions free of his own judgement.

Conflict of Interest, they call it.

“So Bakugou, before we start I will let you know that everything you say in this room is confidential, and while I won’t share any details of our conversations, I will need to write up a general summary of our sessions to go with your medical file, which will help me in conducting your evaluation. Is that alright with you?” he asked, the exact same way he asks all of his patients like broken record.

“Yes Doctor”

“No need to be so formal, I prefer to be on a first name basis with all of my patients so you can just call me Shin” he mentioned. “Can I call you Katsuki?” he added as an afterthought, hoping to appear more open and friendly, a striking contrast to their initial interaction.

“Sure, whatever” replied Katsuki.

The boy is really closed off, which is not unusual for first sessions, but given that he came here out of his own volition you’d think he’d be more willing to talk. That won’t do.

“Let’s start with something simple then” announced the doctor “Why did you decide to come here? Most people who seek out therapy do so with a specific goal in mind, so tell me Katsuki, what’s your goal?”

“My goal is to get you stop asking dumb questions! I’m not here for some hippie ‘life fulfillment’ bullshit” snapped the blond. This was not going to be easy.

“Well I still need something to work with, how else am I supposed to know what to do with you?” asked Shin, very much not in the mood for this.Not today Satan , as Izuku once said, not today.

“Deku probably already told you everything about me, so don’t act like you don’t know shit” replied Katsuki, and wasn’t that one of the most self centered things he heard in his career? The kid really overestimated his own importance in other people’s lives. Maybe it’s time to take him down a peg or two.

“Contrary to what you seem to believe, Izuku doesn't talk about you all that much. You’re not his whole world Katsuki” he says, and if he sounds ever so slightly spiteful then...no one can blame him really “And even if he did ‘tell me everything about you’ I still wouldn’t be able to do much with it due to patient confidentiality. This isn’t about Izuku, it’s about you , therefore I need to hear things from you” he emphasises with the most sarcastic tone he can gather at that particular moment, because Shin feels it’s very important when his patients know that he’s not impressed . Which seems to do the trick as the teen in question looks outright offended only for a few seconds before reverting back to quiet, angry humiliation he displayed before.

“I want to become better” says Katsuki, after a minute or so of putting his thoughts together “Deku had a fuckin point you know? I always wanted to be the strongest, become the best hero and all that shit. I wanted all that since I was a little kid, just like him.”

“And did that change over time?”

“No, I just...I think I forgot why I wanted all these things in the first place. I was so focused on being number one in everything that I just didn’t care about other things or other people, especially Deku.”

“Everyone wants to be number one at something. Striving for greatness is a human condition” says Shin, ever so carefully keeping his voice neutral because this session might’ve had less than ideal start, but he still needs to see through to making sure he does a good job “The problem arises when that desire overshadows everything else in a person’s life. So tell me, why do you think it’s so important to you to be best at everything?” he asks, mentally preparing himself for another textbook example of a ‘gifted child’.

“Cause I don’t want to get left behind” replies Katsuki, his voice full of pain and shame alike.

“Left behind in what way?”

“In life. Everything in life is like a race you know? It’s not fair and not everyone even gets to the finish line, but it’s still a race of who can get the best grades, who can get the best job, who can be the best at a whole bunch of things. And I knew - I thought that I would always come out on top, but then Deku just wouldn’t quit!” screamed the blond as he went off on a rant “He’s quirkless, he’s worthless, a coward, he can’t do anything right, but he just wouldn’t fuckin stop talking about his dream; my dream, as if it was something attainable to him and it just pissed me off so much!-”

“Why?” asks Shin, feeling the need to interrupt the boy’s progressively irritating rant, mostly for the sake of his own sanity “If we stick to your ‘race’ analogy, then by all means Izuku is anything but a threat to your victory. Besides, having dreams is not a crime, many people want to become heroes and it never leads to anything, so what makes Izuku so special? What makes him so worthy of your rage?”

Katsuki, for all he’s worth, did not answer.

***

His second session with Katsuki was simultaneously better and worse than the last one. Better; because the kid was actually willing to talk, worse; because Shin did not particularly like what was being said.

Izuku’s suicide attempt was a bit of a sore topic for the doctor. By all means it was not the first time he was dealing with a suicidal patient, but this one was just a bit more painful to talk about for obvious reasons. And so Shin didn’t really discuss it beyond the initial assessment of the resulting injuries with Izuku’s other doctor, nor did he really talk about it in detail with the boy himself. Which is probably why he was so unprepared for what was about to come.

“He still haunts me” says the blond rather suddenly, after spending the last 10 minutes talking about all the ways in which Izuku annoys him. For someone who seems to take pride in reminding the whole damn world about Izuku’s lack of worth as a human being, Katsuki sure is fixated on him. Shin decided to actually be polite and not point that out to his patient, at least not yet. “That day after I said...you know, the thing that I said and I burnt his notebook, I didn’t think much of it. And I just left, like I usually do with these two guys that always follow me round” he admitted, voice strangely quiet for someone so loud and the doctor had a feeling that there was more to it than what Izuku initially told him.

Nevertheless Katsuki continued “So I walk out of the building, past the pond with fish in it and I see something fall into it...it happened so fast and it was blurry and then I heard that cracking sound a-and-” he stammers, tears threatening to spill over along with the confession “-And I look down… and it was D-Deku! He hit his head against the edge of the pond and the blood was gushing out of the wound and mixing in with the water an-and one of his legs was bent the w-wrong way-”

“Katsuki, it’s ok, you don’t have to talk about it-”

“I THOUGHT I KILLED HIM!”

“Katsuki, calm down!”

“I told him to jump!” lamented the boy “I saw him lying in a pond filled with his own blood and you know what my first thought was? ‘oh shit I’m gonna get in trouble’ because even then I was only thinking about myself, so I took his notebook out of the pond and was planning on just running away. And then - and then it got worse, because Deku was still conscious and he was looking at me, completely out of it. I don’t think he even remembers it, but he - he said...”

Shin did not want to listen to any of this, he wanted to flee his office and never look back. He felt a contradicting mixture of sympathy and anger, because as much as it was his job to help Katsuki he couldn’t stop himself from feeling vicious and bitter, because how dare he? How dare he cause so much trouble and suffering for Izuku and then act like a victim?

“ Kacchan, why did you want me to die so badly? ” he cried, almost hysterically in a poor imitation of Izuku’s voice, and just for a moment Shin thought he might cry too.

***

“He’s arrogant” exclaims Katsuki.

“What?” asks Shin, ever so slightly baffled by the sudden statement.

“Deku! He’s arrogant, always looking down on me” replied the blond, as if it was the most obvious thing in the world.

“ If he’s arrogant what does that make you? ” he doesn’t ask, even though it’s really tempting.

It was their third session, which was honestly more than Shin expected he’s be able to go through with. It was emotionally draining to say the least, yet the doctor was not willing to admit defeat. It also helped that Izuku got recently discharged, because after last week’s session Shin wasn’t sure what he would do if he were to see the boy during his regular rotation right after spending an hour listening to the blond.

“What brought this on?” he asked instead.

“You asked me before why I was so mad at Deku all the time”

“Ah”

At this point Shin was mentally preparing himself for an oncoming wave of bullshit and paperwork, wondering if it’s not too late to transfer Katski to one of his colleagues. Alas, he still had a session to run and so he went back to asking his questions.

“You’re going to have to be a bit more specific than that. What is it about his behaviour that you find ‘arrogant’?”

“He always goes around acting like he can do shit if he ‘just works hard enough’. Do you know how insulting it is for me to stand next to that useless dipshit who can’t do anything and yet acts like he can be my equal? Like back when we were kids he’s always stand up for other kids even though he didn’t have a quirk to defend himself with, and that one time we were playing in the forest and I fell into the river and he just went in after me and tried to help me get out? Who the fuck does he think he is?!” ranted Katsuki.

Now, there were a lot of things to unpack here, but Shin thought that it might be easier to just throw away the whole suitcase instead. The longer he talked to the blond (which in reality wasn’t that long, but time flies slow when you’re stuck with that kid) the more convinced he was that majority of his problems with Izuku were due to Katsuki projecting his own insecurities onto the other. He wasn’t about to say that though, because he knew that the words ‘projecting’ and ‘insecurities’ would result in a Bakugou-level shitfit; truly worthy of his quirk by the way.

“That…” announced the doctor, drawing out the silence for as long as he could in order to mentally prepare himself and his brain cells for what was about to come “Is probably the dumbest thing that has ever been said in this office.”

“THE FUCK IS THAT SUPPOSED TO MEAN?”

“It means that you’re full of shit !” replied Shin, his voice undertaking the tone similar to that of his last outburst. The doctor certainly wasn’t proud of that moment, but when all else failed putting aside his professionalism seems to do the trick “Look at you, getting mad because someone offered to HELP you? God forbid! How do you think this world works? Helping each other is just something that people do !”

At this point he just stood up and started pacing around the room, unable to contain his rage

“Actually, you know what, scratch that! Helping each other is something that nice people do, you know? People like Izuku” shouts the doctor, not missing the way Katsuki flinched at being reprimanded in such manner “People like him who wouldn’t even think twice about going out of their way to help another person in need, even if said person always treats them poorly and berates them; even if that person is YOU!”

Well this is it , he thought rather grimly This time I’m losing my medical licence for real.

Which was soon followed by If I’m going down then I might as way go all the way.

“And another thing-”

***

“How’s the anger management going?” asks Shin, somewhat absentmindedly in the middle of writing down some notes from today’s session. Now that he’s Katsuki’s primary therapist, the boy’s anger management sessions are handled by someone else.

“Wouldn’t you like to know?” snapped the blond, although there was no heat in it, not anymore. Over the time Shin learnt that the boy’s aggressive nature wasn’t to be taken seriously, since that’s just the way he spoke and based off the few meetings he had with the Bakugous Shin was more than certain that it was mostly a matter of upbringing.

“I sure would” replied the doctor, his voice making it very clear that he did not actually give a shit, because every now and then Katsuki still needed to be put in his place, otherwise he would try to overthrow the hospital or something…actually no, that’s more Izuku’s style.

Izuku and Katsuki , those two are driving him equally nuts in all the opposite ways. He can’t wait for the day when those two will sort their shit out, and possibly leave him alone.

“How’s Deku?” asks Katsuki, rather shyly.

Which is why Shin couldn’t miss the opportunity to reply “Wouldn’t you like to know?” with a shit eating grin.

***

“How can I be a good hero?”

“Katsuki, for the last time, I’m a phyciatrist, not a life coach”

He’s lost count of how many sessions they had at this point. The conflict of interest still stands, but it’s no longer riddled with hatred on Shin’s part.

And maybe, just maybe he’s grown a bit fond of the explosive blond. But that doesn’t mean the fondness is gonna stop him from pointing out that Katsuki can’t blame all of his life problems on Izuku’s mere existence.

“How can I be more like Deku then?”

Neither is it going to stop him from occasionally teasing the kid.

“Have you perhaps thought about illegally obtaining a sheep?”

#demise!au #bnha #boku no hero academia #iyashi shin #bakugou katsuki #fanfic #one shot

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atimefordragons · 4 years

Photo

[ T S E S A R E V N A ... ]

My incomplete audition for Gem Quest, didn’t have the time to participate properly, let alone finish my audition from all the other groups (yeah, I don’t know what time management is and have no idea how to pace myself).

“В небе далеком горит звезда, | In distant heaven star shines Не одинока и не одна | It's not alone and not the one Каждый себе выбирает путь | Everyone choose their own way И она не даст свернуть | And star won't allow them to turn Не закрывай глаза | Don't close your eyes Смотри она ведет тебя.. | Look, it leads you...”

- Звезда (Dima Bilan ft Anna Belan)

Real Name: Yekatrina “Katya/Rina” Anatolyevna Raevskaya

Age: 26

FC: Alia Bhatt

Species & Class: Dragonborn & Mage-Knight

Guild: Moonstone

Description of In-Game Powers: (what their fantasy species lets them do, basically, and all the associated drawbacks)

A dragonborn is a cross-bred species, born from the bloodline of either a human or an elf, and a Great Dragon (highly evolved, ancient dragons that can cast spells, and shit, and even speak the human tongue). Because great dragons are rare, most dragonborn are second generation or later. In the case of Tsesarevna, an ice dragon and a human (not a first gen).

Dragonborns have a natural affinity for magic, particularly elemental, even more specifically for the element of the dragon type whose blood they inherited, in the case of Tsesarevna, frozen water related magic, ice, frost, snow.

Place of Birth: Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation

Appearance: (optional textual description/notes of wardrobe, features not represented by fc, etc)

Places Most Likely to be Found In-Game: Level 20 - A Midwinter Night’s Dream (I see what you did there Ayz) and Level 38 - Murias Pass (the snow reminds her of home, ya know. The cold never bothered me anyway), also sometimes Level 39 - The Dragon, but she’s technically stuck on that level because she refuses to kill the Dragon, issa zaldrīzo ānogar.

Current Inventory:

History Book: The Dragon King Festival

Strongest character trait: eurovision knowledge Confidence (in herself and some others)

Strengths: Katya is almost surprisingly determined, it contradicts with the rest of her “I’ve never had to work hard to get what I want in my life” type personality, but she is persevering and stubborn, when she wants something, she won’t stop until she gets it. Which in her real life was never very difficult getting.

Weaknesses: Where to even start? Spoiled Princess Brat (she has never not gotten what she wants in her life, and it shows), impatient, impulsive, not exactly a team player (I mean, she is now, but that shady shit she pulled back when she first started playing kinda got her a rep), arrogant, prideful, kind of a bitch (doesn’t really think of it as a weakness, but ya know, it’s hard to make friends), dragon obsession (refuses to kill dragons, even in order to advance the game, got herself and party members killed early on in the game ‘cause of it), kind of an adrenaline junkie, and reckless af. She doesn’t really consider the consequences of the game, wholeheartedly believes her dad, fam and connections in the real world will get her out soon enough, so has no problem running head first into fire (”I’m too hot to die in a video game”).

Player Stats: (on a scale of 1-10, 1 being the weakest, 10 being the strongest. try to balance it out!)

STRENGTH: 9

DEFENSE: 7

CHARISMA: 3

PSYCHE: 5

WILLPOWER: 9

CAUTIOUSNESS: 2

AGILITY: 5

ENDURANCE: 7

INTELLIGENCE: 8

LUCK: 4

Personality: “Haven’t you ever seen a princess be a bad bitch before?”

Haha, yeah, but mostly, she’s just a massive nerd. She’s such a fucking nerd. Bitch learned Quenya and Sindarin just for kicks, and her own amusement. Literally no one else in her irl circle even fucking knows what those two things are (Elvish tongues in Tolkien).

As the baby of a two large families, and the only daughter of a Russian oligarch, Katya is incredibly spoiled, and very much self-centered. Something of a downplayed celebutante, she is not quite as present at every single high society, high fashion event in Russia, or elsewhere in Europe, she only goes to a handful. And really only for the free stuff, she loves stuff. Katya maintains a somewhat disinterested high social status, as she is the daughter of a major industrialist, and friends with other, higher profile wealthy Russian heirs and heiresses, and there are benefits (so many), but she isn't quite interested in attaining spotlight or attention. However, she also perceives it as something that is just naturally part of her life. She uses a lot of hand gestures when speaking, and tends to give off a naive-princessy vibe who seems to think the world revolves around her. Which, to be fair, it does in her house -she does know that it doesn’t actually, but ya know, can’t quite turn off that bitch, I’m a princess mindset.

“I don’t skate through life... I walk through life. In really nice shoes.” - Alexis Rose (Schitts’ Creek 3.04)

Notably, she speaks with a vocal fry when speaking English. She says “like” a lot, has a bit of a condescending tone, but, she like, does care. About a lot of stuff, but also humanity in general. Spoiled baby she may be, she does have a moral compass, and was amongst the public figures who signed an open letter against the Saint Petersburg Anti-”Gay Propaganda” bill (it’s some bullshit about “protecting” minors from “non-traditional sexual relationships”). She believes in doing the right thing, that the goal of any organization or even person should just be to decrease the net suffering of humanity, but also, she is a super proud Russian. Very anti-american, thinks they’re all stupid, always says shady shit in Russian whenever she runs into americans online. However, it’s not like she’s a fan of United Russia (Putin’s party), they’re right-wing nutjobs, she does not like them. Her main political party is A Just Russia, who are much less then left than her (officially, they be centre-left), but they’re the only ones (of her favoured parties) who have seats in the State Duma (the lower house of the Federal Assembly, Russia’s legislative body - the Duma is like parliament, or congress, I think, I don’t really know what congress is tbh, house of representatives maybe? Idk, the place where Nancy Pelosi is charge, equivalent to that). Katya also supports Patriots of Russia, a socialist, left-wing party, but they only have seats in regional parliaments, and only one seat in the Federation Council (similar to the senate, the upper house of Russia’s legislative body). There’s also Russia of the Future, but it’s not been formally registered yet. In the 2018 election she voted for the communist party’s candidate just for kicks (it’s different in Russia, there’s was zero possibility of Putin losing, come on, grow up).

As a side note, if this helps with the explainary-stuff, I basically envision her as a slavic-desi cross of Alexis Rose from Schitts’ Creek, and Gina Linetti from Brooklyn-99, also this hindi song; Sheila ki Jawani. The song is basically about owning the fact that you’re super sexy.

Biography: Katya is half-Russian, half-Indian, born to a Russian father, industrialist (and oligarch) Anatoli Ivanovich Raevsky, and an Indian mother, activist and journalist Mishti Syeda Khan. Her parents eventually separated, though technically are still married, when she was about 14, and her mother moved to Manchester in the UK, while Katya remained in Russia with her father. Katya is from a large family, on both sides, and at the time of her birth, was the first baby to be born in quite a few years (the elder cousins were like tween-teen, too old be constantly coddled and cuddled, and too young to make babies), so she was hella spoiled by everyone. The problems her maternal family had with her mother marrying a non-Muslim white boy? Well, we still hate him, but look how cute Rina is.

Despite the... complications between her family members - the whole religion/marrying a shada (white) boy thing, not to mention that Mishti herself is like agnostic at “best”, in general, as the baby, Katya (or Rina as her mother and maternal family call her), get along - well, okay, there’s always the shady auntieji’s, and bullshit drama, but like, that’s just brown families yo. We like that. We’re all 100% those bitches (see ya at Eid Nanu [grandma], ya messy bitch). While there is some distance between Katya and her mother, metaphorically and literally, she really does look up to her mother and her work, and followed in her footsteps, studying journalism at Moscow State University, and moving on to work at Известия (Izvestia), the “national” paper of Russia, formerly the state newspaper of the Soviet Union. Currently, she’s a glorified fact checker, and maintains the website with a handful of other colleagues. She’s also authored small “puff pieces” for Nedelya (a weekly Friday section about leisure actives, culture, that kinda stuff).

Katya is not exactly an avid gamer. She likes games, but it’s not like a 24/7 thing, whereas she is 24/7 thinking about like ASOIAF or Stars Wars (fuck you JJ, you were supposed to destroy the Sith R*ylo, not join them), not to mention Eurovision. Anyone who thinks Eurovision only lasts for a week is a fake fan, and anyone who thinks it’s a one day thing is an american. Ziben ziben ilulu motherfucker. Anyway.... she prefers immersive, high fantasy worlds, she likes the story and plot, so her types of games are The Witcher and Dragon Age Series, Elder Scrolls, that sort of thing. She doesn’t put in daily hours, ‘cause she got other stuff to do, but will dedicate weekends to leveling up her characters in order to accomplish quests and missions quickly and not waste time to get to the story cut scenes. She hates, hates, hatessss microtransactions and those stupid fucking mmorpg phone games which are literally just farmville repackaged with a dragon or an orc; FUCK YOU. What a fucking waste of time, quit advertising as having a plot and story, or cool character customization, ‘cause you don’t have any of that you basic ass bitch!

Gem Quest was regifted to Katya by a coworker, who had gotten it as a present, but didn’t have a VR set (of course she had one, she’s rich, and also she needed it to play Batman: Arkham VR - she’s still waiting on a game that’ll let her make out with Nightwing while playing as a custom character). She got a bit of a bad rep (understatement) in the beginning of the game. Katya hates being stuck because she doesn’t have enough exp or whatever, so she always levels up in the beginning of a game before taking the time to fuck around and do whatever, which, in the case of Gem Quest, means teaming up is the easiest way to do that. So, whenever a party member was holding them back from leveling up, she would straight up kill them in order to move on. She killed her own irl friends, to be fair, she doesn’t do that anymore, that was just in the beginning, but ya know, the rep of being that bitch kinda hard to get of.

G.’s announcement didn’t particularly freak out Katya. Whatever kind of evil Kaiba Corp execs bullshit he was pulling didn’t matter, he still had a body out there in the real world, and there’s no fucking way her dad would let die in a fucking game. There’s perks to being Oligarchs in Russia, and even if she did die in-game and was unable to return to reality, wherever G. and his real body were, motherfucker will die in excruciating pain. Polonium-210 ain’t pleasant, and the Novichok series is so much worse.

Relationships: (OPTIONAL, fill out whenever you want to)

Silverwing - rn. Anastasia “Anya” Gagarina (fc: Anna Belan), a fellow moonstone, and real life friend - well, the younger sister of an ex-boyfriend whom she still gets along with (the sister, not necessarily the ex).

Inferna - I don’t really have any plotting ideas, but Inferna’s whole; “It’s very important that I am both cute and powerful” is so relatable (to me and Katya xp)

Enthroned -

Morningstar -

Extras/Trivia (aka unnecessary information):

Her mother, and thus maternal family, are from Kolkata, in the state of West Bengal in India, thus making Katya fluent (relatively) in Bengali as well (well, a dialect of it - West Central, you’d think as an actual Bengali person, I’d know the proper name of it, but nope. Idk, shudobasha maybe, but I think that’s for people from Dakha, which is in Bangladesh, not India. Whatever. Not like my dad will check this and be disappointed in me.)

Apart from her native Russian, Hindi, and Bengali, she speaks English, and Japanese (100% learned it because she’s a weeb), as well as the fictional languages; Quenya, Sindarin (and can use the Tengwar script to write them), High Valyrian, Mando’a, Dovazhul, and Klingon. As a teenager she also created a dictionary for ancient “Black Speech”, an in-universe constructed language in Tolkien’s legendarium, but her version is not canon, so it doesn’t count - she’s also forgotten a lot of it. She was a baby, she still has the hard copy she made somewhere in the Raevsky Manor in Saint Petersburg.

After graduating from MSU, her father bought her, her own apartment in the Kudrinskaya Square Building in Moscow, adjacent to the ones he owned already, which she had lived in when she moved to Moscow for school.

Katya’s family is religiously mixed (well, she’s the one who’s mixed), her maternal family are largely Muslim, some Hindu (very few though, like, you can count them on one hand), and her paternal family are either Orthodox Christian or atheist (usually depending on how long they were alive and how into the Soviet Regime they were). Katya’s parents are agnostic (Mishti), and atheist (Anatoli), Katya herself is also atheist, but sometimes she’ll say she prays to the Seven or R’hllar, or Lord Jashin, or some other made up nerd ass religion (’cause she that bitch).

But for real, she can be a real bitch about religion. The Soviets got a lot wrong, but banning religion was not one of them <- so she says. She gets super pissed when someone brings up religion during a politics chat, that fake shit should have nothing to do with running a country.

hates starbucks with every fibre of her being, it’s such an american staple and the first time she saw one in Russia, she nearly had a heart attack.

Will die mad about:

The Last Jedi and The Rise of Skywalker; the fuck was that bullshit? We trusted you JJ!

the garbage show’s gaslighting and murder of Daenerys Stormborn of House Targaryen, First of Her Name, Rightful Queen of the Andals, the Rhoynar, and the First Men. Queen of Meereen, The Prince who was Promised, The Unburnt, Slayer of Lies, Breaker of Shackles, Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea, and Mother of Dragons.

Hrithik Roshan still being so fucking hot (he’s 45, please like chill a little, holy fuck)

Catarina de Lurton dying

Former american politician John McCain constantly saying “Russia is a gas station masquerading as a country” - bitch, we’re a thousand years old, how’s your 250 year old failed experiment of a garbage nation going?

Freud.

Links:

Playlist

Urstyle Collection (aesthetics, and other shit)

Social Media

#gem quest #katya raevskaya #audition #my edits #clara's edits #mine #incomplete #writing #graphics

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antioedipal · 6 years

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Anarchism and communism, in their most basic forms, are alike in the demand we forfeit any desired future of material luxury, our current status, our mode of relating to our world, our neighbors, and ourselves. Commanding we forgo internalized capitalist desire, unhinge consciousness from wealth, locate novel sources of social credibility, expose our minds, bodies, and souls to conflict, to uncharted revolutions; they are alike. No complacency, nor apathy, is invited to partake in insurgency.

Untenably, stipulations for the psyche vary; the perpetual motion machine, the revolution building upon itself cyclically, becomes an automaton. Self-operating, independent and willing; we fall for the facade, we believe it operates through self-attainable means, no longer a series of controls and instructions. Anarchism and communism ask us to relinquish power to the automaton in unique ways: to build a future with the automaton, or to build a future which is the automaton. We invariably recognize ourselves in its seemingly self-propelled action, eery or inviting, it cannot be avoided or discarded. Our imperfections are drawn into the perpetual motion machine which instigates the revolution, and as it transforms into the automaton, it retains the negative traits it has been imbued with. As was the case with previous communist regimes, there is resignation and acceptance of such traits; the dust has settled and the automaton is given free-range to reconstruct society. The trait in question, here, is self-interested desire; the hope, that despite all odds, we can climb the ladder and be more than our comrades.

The communist automaton allows us to rest, to let it flourish into a society, a government apparatus, industry and agriculture, arts and culture. The party knows its goals, it has already decided on a disseminated politic, an economic structure, and most importantly of all, it has assigned some of us a position of power and control. This is the automaton leading us back towards our most destructive tendencies, towards our desire to outcompete, to achieve, to have what others do not. The capitalist drive to be important, successful, to be in a position of leadership, is mirrored in party politics; perhaps, someday, you can be an integral member of the party. Anarchism advocates that we negotiate with the automaton, engaging in an endless self-critique, an established drive for accountability, flexibility, and resistance. It recognizes that revolution cannot be perfect, that some infectious quality will embody in the automaton - most notably, the desire for power. So, knowing this, there is a considerable reinterpretation, revisiting, and community effort to not give into the automaton. To reclaim the future, to not allow our desire for revolution to affect our goal of a non-hiearchical society. Anarchism asks us to abandon the foundational source of inequality, power and the acquisition of it. Communism, however, postpones this through party politics. The notion that a truly equal society will develop after the communist revolution is flawed; for we cannot wait until later. To allow the unequal distribution of power among revolutionaries is easy; accepting that someone has more authority than yourself, unfortunately, gives power the dream that you could, potentially, be in a position of authority one day. If there is power, there is authority. With authority, there is desire to hold authority. With that desire, there is a peculiar inclination towards authoritarianism. With anarchism there is: the stipulation that we forgo utterly foundational beliefs about power; the requirement to battle ourselves constantly; the demand that we never let the automaton - the revolution - create the illusion it cannot be stopped, rerouted, or altered. This is an incredible amount to ask of any individual. It is a radical reorientation not only towards economics and production, but towards the very nature of what differentiates and defines us.

Grueling, difficult, draining; it will not be enjoyable or easy. However, imagine, for just a second, a revolution which circumvents hierarchy. A revolution that requests unparalleled attention and criticism of ourselves, but is prepared, formatted, and ultimately ready for a society that operates independently of power, governance, and hierarchy. Without power, without hierarchy, and without centralization we are best prepared for a future that does not unwind its own revolutionary potential. We cannot allow the automaton to drive us into the ground, to crash the revolutionary movement; we must work with it to build a sustainable and ongoing accountability towards ourselves, one which never allows us to fall ill to the desire for power, one which challenges us to never repeat the mistakes that initially led us to this.

#i have no recollection of writing this but I know I just did #it sounds very pretentious but I'm not sure what it says because i can't think rn #you know ur anxious when you dissociate so hard you can write a mini-essay and have no memory of doing so

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thecoroutfitters · 6 years

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For all of my adult life, I’ve heard the Republican Party being accused of being war mongers. Obviously, these accusations come from people who are not Republicans and are done with the intent of making Republicans look bad.

But of the 14 international wars that United States armed forces have participated in since the Civil War, the split is exactly even between Republicans and Democrats.

However, if we look at the cost of those wars, especially the cost in human lives, the scale has to come down on the side of the Democrats. I say that because there were Democrat Presidents in office at the beginning of most of the bloodiest wars that we have participated in, specifically World War I, World War II and the Korean War.

So the idea that Republicans are war mongers and that Democrats are peace-loving people just doesn’t stand up to scrutiny. Republicans do stand for a strong military, while Democrats tend to hate the military and reduce their funding.

The Republican idea is to have a strong enough military that we don’t need to get involved in wars, simply because nobody would want to take the chance of fighting a losing war with us.

Nevertheless, the idea of Republicans being war mongers prevails and is widely touted as fact. Perhaps this is, at least in part, because the people propagating that narrative are mostly in the news media, and as we all know, they are over 90 percent Democrats, who are more interested in spreading anti-Republican propaganda than they are in real news.

War and the Economy

Part of this narrative is that Republicans use wars to boost the economy, while Democrats are perceived as being able to boost the economy without wars. While there might be some truth to that statement, it is largely coincidental, rather than actual.

Changes to the economy generally happen slowly enough, that they aren’t realized during the tenure of a sitting president, but rather appear years later, during another presidency.

One prime example of this is the financial crisis caused by the bursting of the housing bubble. This came about because of banking regulations passed during Clinton’s presidency, which allowed accelerated rate loans and bubble loans for home mortgages.

These loans were a boon to the housing business, increasing the number of new homes built and homes bought, key economic indicators that made the Clinton presidency into an economic “golden age” for the country. But as we all know, when those balloon payments came due, people couldn’t afford them.

Not only that, but housing prices had artificially risen to the point where many people couldn’t refinance their homes. So the bubble popped during the end of Bush the second’s presidency, sending our economy into the most serious recession since the Great Depression.

On the other hand, there is one thing that a president is able to do, which can immediately stimulate the economy. It’s actually more along the lines of public relations than anything else. That is, the president can do a lot to increase public confidence, specifically confidence in the economy.

When they do, it always results in a boon to the country’s economy.

Bill Clinton did this quite effectively, which explains why the years of his presidency are looked at as “golden years” for the nation’s economy. It looks like President Trump is doing so as well, especially as people are starting to realize the impact of the recent tax reform package that he signed into law.

Why War for the Economy?

What makes war look like an economic boon is the vast amount of money the government has to spend to fight a war. War is expensive business; just ask any Democrat you meet. They can probably quote you figures on how much the “War on Drugs” has cost us, just looking at the wars in Afghanistan and Iran.

They blame the national debt on this, even though those wars only account for a small portion of the national debt.

Actually, the idea that wars boost the economy hearkens back to the early days of the last century, especially the years of World War II. President Franklin Roosevelt has been quoted as saying during that time that as much as 40% of the country’s GNP would have to go into war production.

Winning the Second World War was a national goal, with pretty much the whole country pulling together to help ensure that win.

This Could Kickstart World War Three

Many of the country’s great corporations were built from infancy to mega-corporations on government contracts issued during that time. Aircraft manufacturers, shipyards and automotive companies received purchase orders to build all they could on a “cost plus 10 percent” basis.

With guaranteed profits like that, massive investment was made into those companies manufacturing capability, which continued to help them once the war was over.

Keep in mind that the country came out of the Great Depression the same year that World War II started. While it wasn’t until later that we entered the war, it is fairly widely known that FDR was working behind the scenes to support the allies as much as possible and to get the US into the war.

Public opinion prevented our entry into the war though, until the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor.

World War II did boost the nation’s economy; much more so than any war before or since. Yet even smaller wars have helped the economy, simply by increasing military spending. With the military paying top dollar for everything, any company that has military contracts benefits from war.

That benefit then spreads through the rest of the economy, as those companies and their employees spend their profits.

But Start a War for Profits?

The very idea of starting a war for financial profits is just about as cynical as you can get. Perhaps that’s why Democrats make so many accusations against the Republicans for doing just that. Democrat politicians are masters at smear campaigns and saying that George Bush started the war in Iraq (for example) just for financial gain, protecting his family’s financial interest in the oil industry, is a great way of making Bush, and by extension all Republicans look bad.

Starting a war for financial gain is probably the ultimate way of saying that some lives are more valuable than others. It is saying that some people have to die, so that others can make a profit. While I have no doubt that there are people in the world who see things that way, I seriously doubt that our country’s political system would allow them to ascend to high office.

One little detail that most people forget is that the President doesn’t have the power to declare war; that power belongs to Congress. The President is the Commander in Chief and the War Powers Act does allow the president to send troops wherever he sees need, in the national interest.

But that is a limited power. He (or sometime in the future, she) can only do that for a maximum of 30 days. If Congress doesn’t agree with the president in that time, they have to recall the troops.

So, there are checks and balances against even an evil person who attains the presidency, using that position for personal gain in this manner. They would have to convince over half of Congress that there was a necessity for the war and that it would be right for the United States military to continue participating in it.

Of course, the conspiracy theorists will always have an answer for this, telling how manufactured evidence was created to sell Congress on the idea. But that’s a whole lot harder to accomplish than they believe. The number of people who would have to be involved in such a deception would ensure that the truth eventually came out. Their “unnamed sources” don’t count.

It’s a Moral Issue

Ultimately, going to war or not going to war is a moral issue. Throughout history, there have been kings and rulers who chose to go to war for personal gain, conquering new lands to expand their empire. But the United States has never done that. Our wars have been fought on moral grounds.

Even the Revolutionary War and the Civil War were fought on moral grounds. We fought the Revolutionary War to gain our freedom, when Great Britain was levying taxes on the colonies, without giving our forefathers representation in Parliament. That was a moral issue.

While the Civil War was fought for a number of reasons, one of the central ones was over slavery. That’s a moral issue as well. Granted, both sides thought that they had the moral high ground, but it was still a moral issue.

Oh, there are wars that we have been involved in, which can be stated to have a non-moral basis, such as the Whiskey Rebellion and the Indian Wars. I won’t argue that. But by and large, when the United States has gone to war, it has been for the protection of our land, our rights, our freedom or that of other countries around the world.

With this in mind, the very idea of starting a war, just to boost the economy is ridiculous. It goes against the American psyche; against our character; against who we are. Yes, we will use war to profit economically, in any way that we can. But that’s not the same as starting a war for financial profit.

But There’s Another Reason

Anyone who is really watching the economy, rather than just listening to the talking heads on the Democrat propaganda machine, otherwise known as the mainstream media, knows that we don’t need to go to war in order to boost the economy; it’s already receiving a much-needed shot in the arm.

It’s called “the Trump effect” and it started as soon as the results of the 2016 presidential election were in, before the inauguration. President Obama had been so anti-business, that companies were hoarding their profits and moving them overseas.

Little business expansion was happening, because companies with the means to expand were unsure of the business climate. They didn’t want to invest in what could very well be a losing venture.

Business is risky enough as it is. Any experienced businessperson knows how to reduce their exposure as much as possible. So they look for sure things or at least as sure as they can find. A stagnant economy, where the administration is anti-business is not a good place to invest. New regulations could shut down that business opportunity, before it could begin to show a profit.

But Trump is a businessman, who understands business. His pro-business stance has been clear from the very beginning of his campaign. One of his campaign promises was to reduce government regulation, something that he started on as soon as he was sworn in to office. That, in turn, has given corporate boards and private businessmen the confidence to start investing in our economy once again.

Add the recent tax reform to that raised confidence and it’s no wonder that the stock market is riding at record highs, companies are giving bonuses to their employees and major corporations are investing in new facilities, infrastructure and products.

Of course, you don’t hear about this in the mainstream media, because that would make Trump look good, something they can’t tolerate. But it is the truth. Donald Trump has managed to do what Barack Obama couldn’t do, turn the economy around. Rather than a slow recovery from the 2009 recession, we are now seeing a real growth in the economy; one that it looks like we can expect to see continue.

So no, there really isn’t any reason to go to war, at least not to boost the economy. There is enough happening already on that front, without even thinking about using a war for economic gain. If we do go to war, it will have to be as it was in the past, a war to fight injustice in the world; perhaps a continuation of the War on Terror.

But whatever it is, it will be based upon the principles this country was founded upon, not on furthering progressive policies or lining someone’s pockets.

This article has been written by Bill White for Survivopedia.

from Survivopedia Don't forget to visit the store and pick up some gear at The COR Outfitters. How prepared are you for emergencies? #SurvivalFirestarter #SurvivalBugOutBackpack #PrepperSurvivalPack #SHTFGear #SHTFBag

#SHTF #TEOTWAWKI #MARTIALLAW #BUGOUT #PREPPERBAG #USAF #USSOCOM #ARMY #NAVY #SurvivalFirestarter #Sur

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infolearn · 5 years

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Aristotle psychology

Since it is difficult to determine exactly what psychology is, it is also a difficult matter to determine the beginning of the history of psychology. Since the founding of the oldest religions and spiritual beliefs, namely the birth of civilization, various priests, shamans and religious leaders have been responsible for people's mental health. Even if this cure by banishing evil spirits contained magic and mystery, from shamans to Kabbalas, mental treatment was an important part of spiritual life. If we define psychology as the science of understanding and treating the states of the soul with a more systematic approach, i.e. a formal study of the mind, the ancient Greeks were the pioneers of this field. As with many scientific researches, Aristotle was a prominent figure in developing the foundations of the history of psychology. As expected, Aristotle's psychology was intertwined with the philosophy of mind, as in the books of logic and Ethics to Nikamahkos. But the psychological method began with his ingenious idea and observational approach. Without researching some of the other great thinkers who had contributed to the history of psychology, it would not have been fair to focus entirely on Aristotle's psychology. But this work is undoubtedly the foundation of modern methods. A contemporary psychologist comprehends Aristotelian thought in its entirety and endorses his contributions to the history of psychology.

The psychology of Aristotle and the influence of Plato

It would be unfair to some of the other philosophers from Greece and beyond to rely on Aristotle as the first thinker to develop the theory of proto-psychology. Though somewhat questionable, Babylonians, Buddhists and others developed concepts such as mind, thought, and reasoning; however, many of their traditions have been verbally conveyed and lost. As such, the ancient Greeks created a useful starting point for researching the history of psychology. Aristotle's teacher Plato(428/427 m.He. - 348/347 m.He.) provided some useful insights into the theoretical structure of the human mind, often based on the theory of ideals. He used the psyche idea to draw a rough frame of human behavior, reasoning, and impulses. This word was used to describe both the mind and the soul. Plato suggested that all knowledge of the human psyche was settled, and all the information it needed was inserted into the human mind. Plato suggested that the human spirit was the center of all knowledge, and that all information needed by the human mind was placed. As a result, learning in Plato's words was a process of recollection(1). So what we had inside us was to uncover that information and use it. Plato, in his famous work state, would first develop this idea and first advance the thought of the triple mind. The triple mind was the formation of three intertwined parts of the mind. The smart part (logistikon) was this intellect, the center of reasoning and computation. The brave part (thumos) was the spiritual center of the mind, determining emotions and feelings. The wishful part (epithumētikov): directed passions and desires. According to Plato, The Healthy Mind shows the balance between the three parts, resulting in personality expression based on these parts. For example, greed and selfishness could be explained by the predominance of the wishful soul in which desires govern behavior. In his work state, he aimed to create a perfect society with a thesis. Plato suggested that the monarchs who set the course and policy of such a society should benefit from those dominated by the intelligent spirit (logistikon). The brave soul (thumos), defined in general terms by Will and courage, is the domain of the soldier, while a strong wishful soul (epithumetikon) makes individuals excellent merchants and wealthy owners. Plato later gave up on the idea of the triple mind. He returned to the propositions of his earlier dual (dualistic) explanation for the mind, which balanced mind and passion. However, in Aristotle, this tripartite method reintroduced the idea of the tripartite Union of Souls, which was based on the idea prevalent in many societies and religions. Then 20. throughout the century, psychoanalysts continued the idea that the human mind was balanced by three impulses.

Aristotelian Psychology, About The Soul

Aristotle wrote his work about the Soul (Para Psychē), the first known book in the history of psychology, based on the work of early philosophers and their research of mind, logic, thought. In this groundbreaking work, he laid out the first teachings of reasoning research that would determine the direction of the history of psychology; many of its propositions continue to influence modern psychology. In the book, the definition of psyche(2) was used as interchangeable for mind and soul, as was common at the time. According to ancient Greek philosophers, they had no need to distinguish between these two things. During this period, apart from Theodorus ' quarrels with atheism, Greek philosophers took the influence of divine existence as granted. Only Socrates questioned whether human behavior and being a ‘good person’ was about seeking personal happiness or appeasing a divine will. In his work on the soul, the psychology of Aristotle suggested that the mind was the ‘first actual’(3), or the first reason for existence and the function of the body. This line of thought was severely influenced by Aristotle's Zoology, in which he claimed that there were three types of souls that determined life. These are plant spirit, animal spirit and human spirit. This spirit gives man a unique skill to create and think. Interestingly, the human spirit was the last link with the sacred, and Aristotle believed that this mind and mind could exist independently of the body. Aristotle was one of the first thinkers to study the desires and impulses that substituted and explained Life. Then, influenced by the plant spirit, he thought that the reproduction of libido and impulse was more important than the impulse of all living things. In part, he relates the process of fulfilling the aims of a sacred mind and attaining immortality, suggesting this re-productive desire centuries before Darwin. This idea is a good example of one of the important intuitive spiritual leaps that define Aristotle's legacy.

Aristotle's psychology of impulses and passions

As Aristotle progressed along his lines in this thought, he attempted to address the relationship between passions and impulses and the human mind. Years later, Freud resurfaced many basic treatises of Aristotle's psychology with his own theory of psychoanalysis. In addition to libido, Aristotle believed that ‘Id’ and ‘Ego, the idea of passion and reason, were the two powers that determine actions. Aristotelian Psychology suggested that by allowing desires to govern the mind, they would tend to exhibit bad actions and provide an unhealthy imbalance. Here, Aristotelian thought still creates the paradigm that remains the foundation of modern philosophy and Psychological Science, which has remained unchanged for centuries and where desire is renamed emotion and rationality. Uniquely, Aristotle understood the importance of the present by desire, the long-term consequences with the future, and time in the actions that govern people. By the way, with a superficial difference to sociology, this short-termism and the search for quick results are one of the driving forces behind economic devastation. Probably more people need to research Aristotle and his ideas governing human behavior. Aristotle was the first behavioral scientist and one of the two most famous names in the history of psychology.F. It can be validly said that Skinner and Pavlov formed the basis of his work. Aristotelian psychology also includes an investigation into the structure of the human mind, one of the first publishing fires in the debate between nature and the environment in many academic disciplines (pedagogy, Sociology, Psychology, Political Science, and Human Geography). Aristotle believed in upbringing conditions, unlike Plato. He then stated that the human mind was empty at birth, and that by educating the individual and exposing them to experience, he would define the structure of the mind and create a knowledge base.

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#AncientGreece #Aristotlepsychology #Galen #Historyofpsychology #Modernpsychology #platon #ThepsychologyofAristotleandtheinfluenceofPlato

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nebris · 5 years

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Macroeconomics in Germany: The forgotten lesson of Hjalmar Schacht

Despite facing many of the same challenges, Germany’s current macroeconomic policy is substantially different to those of other countries, in part due to the economy legacy of Walter Eucken. This column considers the economic policy of Hjalmar Schacht, whose ‘MEFO-bills’ monetary solution ended the years of economic struggle caused by the Treaty of Versailles’ reparations commitments. By tying the bills to output, Schacht was able to stimulate output, and eliminate unemployment. This historical implication has clear modern-day implications, with parallels to ‘helicopter money’ policy and Italy’s recent ‘fiscal money’ proposal.

By Biagio Bossone, Stefano Labini 01 July 2016

In a very enlightening Vox column, Bofinger (2016) explains why the macroeconomic debate and macroeconomic policy in Germany differ so widely from other countries, despite the same academic textbooks and models being used as elsewhere. Bofinger traces the root of the difference to the deep influence the paradigm of macroeconomics developed by Walter Eucken (1891-1950) has had on the German formal theoretical apparatus, and to his living heritage. Eucken’s focus on balanced budgets, price stability and structural reforms, and especially his neglect of aggregate demand explain German economic policy in Germany as well as at the European level.

As Bofinger well characterises it, Eucken’s vision of the German economy was – and remains – one of a relatively small-open economy which relies on the rest of the world to sustain its aggregate demand. But what is rational for a small economy may turn out to be irrational for a large one.1 If Eucken’s vision epitomises the economic success of Germany, its underlying fallacy of composition exemplifies as much the failure of the Eurozone – a large economy that, thinking of itself as small, refuses to use its internal potential to propel growth, and yet it is too large to piggyback on the rest of the world, especially when the latter gets weak and slow. As a result, the Eurozone has deprived itself, and the world, of the full use of its very powerful economic engine, most notably when using it could prove beneficial to all.

Eucken’s paradigm – antipodal to Keynes’ – grew out of (and found support in) the dramatic experience of Germany with Nazism in the years 1933 to 1945. In displacing that experience from the collective psyche of the country after the war, and in the process of re-establishing the country’s political and intellectual foundations, it was natural for a re-born Germany to accept Eucken’s negative message on a supposedly direct line, running from the ‘full employment policy’ of the 1930s to price controls, rationing, a corporative structure of the labour market, and central planning.

Unfortunately, removing the Nazi experience and all that was associated with it also caused the complete disregard of another major German lesson, that of Hjalmar Schacht, the maker of the formidable German economic rebound from the depression of the 1930s. While initially a supporter of Hitler and the Nazi Party, and serving in Hitler’s government as President of the Reichsbank and Minister of Economics, Schacht eventually developed serious concerns about German re-armament policy and its effect on the economy. He clashed with Hitler and was thus dismissed from his duties just before the beginning of the war. After the war, Schacht was tried at Nuremberg and was acquitted and cleared of all blame for rearmament and inflation. However, he was later tried and sentenced by a German denazification court to eight years in a work camp. Since then, nobody wanted to remember him, let alone rehabilitate his name, and his great lesson was all but forgotten.

Time should help us tell the good from the bad, out of even those very bad times. In any case, it is not our intention here to come to a judgement of Schacht’s political conduct, but simply to consider his policy programme for an economy trapped in deep depression with no fiscal space.

The economics of Hjalmar Schacht: A needed re-evaluation

In 1921, in the aftermath of the Treaty of Versailles, war reparation obligations upon Germany amounted to $33 billion. Keynes (1920) strongly criticised the Treaty. It did not include any plan to revamp the economy, and the punitive attitude and economic sanctions of the major powers against Germany, as he predicted, would lead to new conflicts and instabilities, instead of seeking to secure long-lasting peace. The reparations were in fact at the origin of the cataclysmic events that followed – from Weimar hyperinflation (1921-1923) to the dramatic austerity of the Bruning government (1930-1932). The resentment that all this created in the German people manifested itself in the huge support that Hitler’s National Socialism received in the whole country (Ruffolo and Sylos Labini 2012).

As Hitler rose to power, in January 1933 the economic situation in Germany was dire. Stocks of raw materials had been depleted, factories and warehouses lay empty, and about 6.5 million people (about 25% of the domestic workforce) were unemployed and on the verge of malnutrition, while the country was crushed by debt and its foreign exchange reserves approached zero.

Yet, from 1933-1938, thanks to Schacht, the economy recovered spectacularly (Figure 1).2 Schacht’s objective to jumpstart the moribund economy required money. But money was not available, since savings were inexistent and production was so restricted that savings would not accumulate (Schacht 1967). Neither could money be printed, since lending to the government would have put the Reichsbank at risk of losing control of monetary policy.

Schacht then contrived a brilliant unconventional monetary solution. For payments, state contractors and suppliers received bills of exchange issued by a company called ‘MEFO’.3 The MEFO-bills were state guaranteed, they could circulate in the economy and could be discounted by their holders at the Reichsbank in exchange for cash.

Figure 1 GDP growth and inflation in Germany and the Netherlands, 1922-1939

Schacht believed that the duty of the central bank was to make available to the economy as much money as necessary to facilitate output production. The issuance of bills of exchange was instrumental to this end – as each bill stood against the sale of newly produced goods, and each issue of money was based on the exchange of the new goods, central bank money issuance against bills could not be inflationary. Indeed, the employees of MEFO checked that every MEFO-bill issued was tied to a quantity of newly produced goods, and only bills issued against the sales of these goods were granted. This way, the circulation of money and the circulation of goods remained in equilibrium.4

The Reichsbank undertook to accept on demand all MEFO bills, irrespective of their size, number and due date, and to exchange them for money. The bills were discounted at a 4% interest rate. As such, they were given the character of interest-bearing money, and banks, savings banks, and firms could hold and use them exactly as if they were money. If all MEFO-bills had been presented for discount at once, inflation would have resulted. But this did not happen – making the bills both re-discountable and interest-bearing allowed for much of them to be absorbed by the market without going through the Reichsbank.5 Also, output responded remarkably well. State purchases fed into a growing demand for labour, and firms restarted investments using MEFO-bills as collateral for borrowing. Investments put additional manpower to work, and incomes and savings increased as a result, raising fiscal revenues (Guillebaud 1940).

In 1938, Schacht strongly urged terminating the MEFO programme, as full employment had been reached and the closing output gap was raising price tensions (Toniolo 1988).6 He clashed with Hitler on this, and on 19 January 1939 the Führer removed him from the Reichsbank.

Modernity of Schacht’s lesson

Such was the economic policy that allowed Germany to regain monetary sovereignty and finance its reconstruction in the interwar period – an ante litteram case of unconventional money-financed fiscal expansion. It enabled a national economy to exit a long and deep depression, and to attain non-inflationary full employment in a short span and with no use of price controls or rationing (Stucken 1953).7 In only five years, Schacht’s programme transformed a bankrupt state into Europe’s strongest economy (Emry 1982).

It is quite unfortunate that Schacht’s lesson was lost while Eucken’s paradigm carried the day. Schacht’s programme resembles a variation of the ‘helicopter money’ policy and its free-lunch effects (Bossone 2016), which several economists today consider an effective demand management tool for fiscally constrained economies trapped in deep depression.

The ‘fiscal money’ proposal launched in Italy by Cattaneo and others,8 whereby special Tax Credit Certificates would be issued by Eurozone crisis countries (in line with the EU fiscal rules) as quasi-money, claims that it would add to the economy’s purchasing power, stimulate output and employment growth, and raise fiscal revenues. It draws inspiration from Schacht’s MEFO-bills (although it also features important differences).

Bofinger’s (2016) contribution offers an excellent opportunity to contrast two important economic lessons from Germany. One – from Walter Eucken, still celebrated – has served Germany well but has proven dramatically unfit for Europe. The other – from Hjalmar Schacht, removed from memory – was a success, and should inspire Europe as it deals ineptly with its worst crisis since the 1930s.

References

Blanchard, O (2016), “How to Teach Intermediate Macroeconomics after the Crisis?”, Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2 June

Bofinger, P (2016) “German macroeconomics: The long shadow of Walter Eucken,” VoxEU.org, 7 June

Bossone, B (2016), “Why Helicopter Money is a “Free Lunch”, EconoMonitor, June 6

Bossone, B, and M Cattaneo (2016), “New ways of crisis settlement: fiscal levers as tool to fight stagnation,” forthcoming

Bossone, B, M Cattaneo, E Grazzini and S Sylos Labini (2015), “Fiscal Debit Cards and Tax Credit Certificates: The best way to boost economic recovery in Italy (and other Euro Crisis Countries)”, EconoMonitor, 8 September

Bossone, B, M Cattaneo, L Gallino, E Grazzini and S Sylos Labini (2014), “Free fiscal money: exiting austerity without breaking up the euro”, Associazione Paolo Sylos Labini, 26 November

Emry, S (1982), “Billions for the Bankers, Debts for the People,” Lord’s Convenent Church, America’s Promise Broadcast

Read also:Signs of a French Spring

Guillebaud, C W (1939), The Economic Recovery of Germany from 1933 to the Incorporation of Austria in March 1938, Macmillan and Co.

Keynes, J M (1920), The Economic Consequences of the Peace, New York, Harcourt Brace

Mahe, E (2012), “Macro-economic policy and votes in the thirties: Germany (and The Netherlands) during the Great Depression”, Real-World Economics Review Blog, 12 June

Ruffolo, G, and S Sylos Labini (2012), Il film della crisi. La mutazione del capitalismo, Einaudi, Torino

Schacht, H H G (1967), The Magic of Money, Oldbourne, London

Stucken, R (1953), Deutsche Geld- und Kreditpolitik 1914 – 1953, Tübingen, Ed. Mohr

Toniolo, G (1988), Central banks’ independence in historical perspective, Berlin, De Gruyter

Endnotes

[1] “I was struck by how many times during the crisis I had to explain the ‘paradox of saving” – recalls Blanchard (2016) – “and fight the Hoover-German line, ‘reduce your budget deficit, keep your house in order, and don’t worry, the economy will be in good shape’”.

[2] In the initial phase, the recovery was not driven by the military industry and the output response was particularly strong. The leading industries were in the construction, automobile, and steel sectors. Thanks to the launch of large public works and the building of the country highway network, constructions recorded the fastest absorption rate of employment (209%), followed by the automobile industry (117%) and steel (83%).

[3] MEFO stood for Metallforschungsgesellschaft (Metal Research Company), a private empty-shell company with paid-up capital of 1 million marks. It was co-owned by Siemens, Gutehoffnungshutte, Rheisenstahl and Krupp, in whose names the bills were issued, so as not to weigh on the fiscal budget.

[4] Under Reichsbank regulation, the bills had 3-month maturity and could be renewed 19 times for a 5-year period. This was necessary since economic reconstruction would require a number of years.

[5] The bills became a sort of fiduciary money flowing between firms. They were used for 4 years and reached a volume of 12 billion marks by 1938.

[6] Schacht’s decision was also due to the fact that the conversion of MEFO-bills at the Reichsbank was putting pressure on the money supply, since banks were facing higher demand for loans while savings were drying up.

[7] The money created against the MEFO-bills issued did not produce the inflation that classical theory – then as much as now – would have predicted. Supply and demand grew in parallel, leaving prices unaltered.

[8] See Bossone et al. (2014). For a concise description of the proposal, see Bossone et al (2015). Fiscal money can be defined as “any claims, private or public, which the state accepts from holders to discharge their fiscal obligations either in the form of rebates on their full value (tax discounts) or as effective value transfers to the state (payments). Fiscal money claims would not be legal tender, and could not be convertible by the state in legal tender. However, they could be negotiable, transferable to third parties, and exchangeable in the market at par or below par with respect to their nominal value”. (Bossone and Catteneo 2016).

Published at https://voxeu.org/article/macroeconomics-germany-forgotten-lesson-hjalmar-schacht

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livingcorporate · 5 years

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Navigating the MAGAs in Confined Environments

In Oct 2016, I returned back to the Plumbing Wholesale industry where I had previously spent the majority of my career. However, I was now working for a very small, private distributor with a single owner for the first time ever. This probably comes as no surprise to most of you all reading this but I had a fair amount of trepidation walking into this type environment for several reasons:

Interestingly, the plumbing industry is not often seen as a safe haven of societal change and advancement. (However, if you happen to know a place, please let me know in the comments)

Just by the numbers, working for a smaller employer has the likelier possibility of leading to career stagnation(i.e., l lack of managerial positions, sales positions, growth opportunities, etc.)

There were no African-Americans in positions of influence or power. (This is also very common in this industry. At this new job, the warehouse manager was Black but warehouse managers are usually excluded from key manager meetings or decisions).

I had previously been a manager of my own branch; This means, I already had the knowledge and experience and i didn't need my hand to be held or to be placated. I wanted to walk in the first day and earn my stripes. I also would have liked expectations to be challenging, but attainable.

If I do run into racial conflict, it could lead to enough tension and industry blackballing to make me wish I’d never even took this job.

To my own surprise, I was amazed at how wonderful almost everyone was at my new job! Everyone was nice, and there wasn’t the usual pressure to be Barack Obama and Jesus combined in the first month.

Then, November 8th, 2016 happened…

It was the most awkward day in my professional career. My modus operandi had always been to read and observe people in new work environments. I want to understand who are allies. I want to know who is related (a common theme in small businesses). I want to know who are the enemies and who are frenemies. Idon’t want people to know who I align with and give everyone an opportunity to be my ally. Then on Election Day at least 3 MAGA hats appeared at work. As nice as so many people had been, I have to assume that you view me a number of certain ways if you voted or intended to vote for Donald Trump. Most importantly, I didn’t know how the owner of the business felt politically or socially.

I would later find out that the hats of xenophobian hubris had actually been, and still were, a source of stress at our job. So much so that after that day it was made clear that any type of clothing expressing political revere were off limits. Still, for me, the stage had been set.

Afterwards I began to pick up on the micro-tensions that I knew were inevitable. I graduated from Texas A&M University with a degree in Psychology. Most psych-majors majors at non-lib arts schools know that you essentially made an extended gift offering to your school’s academic fund with some really expensive book purchases included. However, I immediately began hearing the conversations that have trailed behind me my entire career:

“Just because you have a college degree it doesn’t make you necessarily smart or good at your job”

“Did you go to Texas A&M for athletics?”

“I’ve done my job for 2 centuries. I didn’t need to go to college to do this” “Trump is bad but at least he’s not Kill-ary Clinton.”

“I grew up in a ��Black’ neighborhood. Most of the people doing all the worst stuff were Black kids.”

“I make my own money. I’m thankful Trump doesn’t want to give all of it back to the government.”

Even though this talk was ongoing, I was thankful to realize that the owner actually is not a Republican. I don’t politically identify as a Democrat but he does. We actually share a lot of similar views. He made it much easier for me to navigate my workplace knowing that he, and his son, who shares in leadership responsibilities, were essentially politically fluid like I am.

Knowing that I could enjoy my work space without a threat to my employment, I began to employ strategies on how to maintain my personal sanity while also sharing my values. Here are my thoughts:

Every discussion, debate, or fight isn’t worth it. Your primary function is to maintain or increase your company’s efficiency and/or profitability. Your job is not to feed the trolls.

If you choose to participate in these discussions, use them as an opportunity to share and educate. Note: it’s not your job to educate the ignorant, but if you’re going to go down this path you may as well be properly prepared. Share information and personal experiences presented on a platter of love and influence instead of on a sword. Lastly, you choose to support your side of the debate with articles or statistics be careful that the information provided can be verified.

Use these conversations to your advantage. Respect is sometimes gained simply by validly presenting your vantage point and experiences. You can gain unexpected allies and work capital that can be exchanged at a later date. Just be sure to not assume anyone has your best interests at heart and that, sometimes work friends don’t always translate over to “real” friends.

If you choose not to participate, be VERY explicit in your wishes. In no uncertain terms, express that you are not in this space to discuss politics. If someone is constantly trying to involve you in conversations that make you feel uncomfortable, express that this is harassment and you have no intention of being involved in it.

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goodoldianto-blog · 6 years

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Romance guidelines:

How Guys Can Put together Rapport With Gals

The next article by Torkom Saraydarian presents invaluable relation recommendations on how guys can create greater rapport with females. Right here also, laughter is a vital aspect on the alternative. In Torkom’s words “If the couple participates in entertaining activities and plays numerous games with each other, they fuse their hearts, and their concerns are a lot easier to resolve.” The vast majority of our social problems, upheavals and troubles originate from unhappy relationships among women and men.

The ancient mystery schools stipulated that a man could not be a instructor until finally he held the keys to the many doors in the female psyche. This was a indicator of greater sensitivity and mastery of himself. In knowing to comprehend woman, man becomes finish. Girl, by contrast, is usually total if she hasn't abused herself by trying to be like a man.

Guys will need to find out about the nature with the “locks” in a lady and with regards to the right essential to implement for every. When a guy makes use of the wrong critical not just does he harm the lock while in the girl, but he also brings on himself additional difficulty since later on he will have to invest added labor and energy to open that broken lock. Alternatively, if a guy can use the perfect keys to a woman’s locks, he releases an amazing stream of healing energies from her. It will be a released lady who brings the highest-level kids on the world, as being a response to your a single who understood her.

Several guys became wonderful given that they had been married to women who helped them achieve that greatness. Their wives stood behind them, encouraged them, sacrificed and labored to deliver out the right in them. They grew to become serious guys. Such guys have said, “Without my wife, I could not have performed what I did.” Conversely, if a guy loses the respect of his wife on account of his personal lack of virtue and striving, he also loses power physically, emotionally, and mentally. Whenever a guy is deprived like this, his enterprise gets worse, his social relationships endure, and he acts like a child with his temper, tirades, and nasty deeds. Then his wife rejects him even more considering that she won't will need another youngster to care for.

Most males like a woman that is both much like their mom or just the opposite of their mom. That is an automated or mechanical response. Either they desire a female who loves and kisses them and reminds them with the total, unconditional appreciate their mothers gave them, or, if they hated their mother, they want another person who's just the opposite of her, who in no way resembles anything about her.

If a guy marries a lady who is much like his mom, he falls in to the danger of playing the child’s role. She becomes his mother, and he obeys her for the last degree. This kind of a guy feels unfulfilled if his wife doesn't act like his mom. This may be destructive to the marriage simply because the wife, seeing that her husband is simply not expanding, may possibly build resistance and resentment toward raising a child when she had thought she married a man. That wife will begin carrying out quite a few matters to produce her husband stand on his very own feet. She will create several complications and complications for her husband until he stands up and acts like a man.

A lady is really a man’s biggest asset in this globe in the event the partnership is accurate. A lady will inspire her husband, she will sacrifice herself for him, and with the most significant instances within a man’s life, she are going to be the 1 to achieve out, grasp his hand and pull him up. She will give him spiritual energy and almost everything that he desires. For these good reasons a guy ought to learn about to know gals and the way to relate to them superbly.

Girl has the capability to carry out the very best that's in guy. She evokes from man the right that he's. Guys will have to be grateful to females who do this.

Woman may be a challenger. Usually if a guy helps make a choice to carry out a little something after which will not do it, she shows him in some way that she thinks he is weak. She might even leave him. Then the man might use the psychology of blaming her and say, “She wished me to perform it, and when I did not, she left.” He forgets that he manufactured a decision, a promise. When he did not adhere to his decision or always keep his guarantee, she noticed in him an inferior man, and she didn't demand an inferior guy. If a guy can make a guarantee he need to hold it; otherwise, he shouldn't promise. A lady desires a guy who keeps his word. … A man really should value his wife because the highest issue in his daily life - greater than his online business or other interests. A man’s wife is his honor as well as the source of his joy, inspiration, energy, food, and wellbeing. She will be the mother of his youngsters. A guy have to sacrifice for her. Whenever he's with her, he will need to fail to remember all his outdoors interests and give her his complete interest.

A woman desires her husband to become kingly; she desires to determine him as noble, wonderful, and victorious. If a guy has dignity and inner really worth, a lady will respect him. A lady wants her husband to become right in all his tips, selections, and actions simply because he is her pride. If she sees he's genuinely valueless, it turns into just about like suicide for her since her dream and pride are gone. … A real man is usually a guy who will provide security for his wife on all levels: physical, emotional, mental, moral, and spiritual. To supply moral safety means that the man need to not act within a way that produces even suspicion within the mind of his wife. Suspicious phone calls, suspicious letters, appointments, and interviews all throw a lady off stability. She feels that she is dropping her protection. It will be crucial to get a woman to possess safety on all ranges.

A woman has spiritual safety when she feels that her husband or her fiance features a superb vision toward which he is striving. A man striving to attain a fantastic objective is a incredible source of security to get a female. She cannot be her greatest self without that vision. When she sees that her highest vision is manifested in her man by his striving, then she feels safe.

Female has safety when her area is just not limited.

Vision in her man expands her area; lack of vision in her guy limits her room. Woman requirements the sense of area she will get from guy: physical room inside the kind of prosperity, cash, furnishings, and residence; emotional and psychological space from a husband who certainly is aware of and understands factors; spiritual space enables a lady to produce her potential as far as possible. As a lot room being a man provides to his wife, so much does she increase and enhance in attractiveness, goodness, and wisdom.

A true guy evokes a spirit of striving from his wife or girlfriend. As an example, if she will school, he will challenge her to continue her training and earn a doctorate. If she is painting, he will challenge her to make much more and do superior. Anything that she previously has should be produced additional as a outcome from the encouragement and inspiration in the guy. Gals have got to continually create and expand their talents, or else they grow to be detrimental. If a guy isn't going to wish to be married to a nagging, vicious girl, then he will have to continually encourage and inspire her to produce her skills and capabilities. Plus the woman will be delighted that her husband or boyfriend is often a supply of courage and inspiration.

When a guy presents a vision or possibly a intention to his wife or girlfriend, it should not be offered as an order. Its a purpose. The man need to know what the lady currently wants to work towards before he presents his vision. Then before he states any goal, he will need to be one hundred percent confident that the Lady will just like the goal. He will need to understand what her ideas and her dreams are, put them into a sensible format of targets to accomplish, then verbalize the aims as anything the two of them can gain collectively.

Whenever a vision is presented by a guy on this manner, the girl will place all her efforts into achieving it. Being presented with targets that she loves, the girl is going to be polarized towards individuals targets and will orient her whole sense of economic climate toward fulfilling them. She won't waste dollars. She won't waste time. She will turn into even more organized and effective. She might be up-to-date on account of the vision.

Through the vision and purpose, the guy brings the woman’s inner urges, drives, and dreams into objective verbalization. This is certainly how men develop into near to their girls. … If a guy can make a correct selection, his wife will carry it out promptly. A genuine man makes right choices, and his wife loves it. Gals dislike wrong selections and getting forced to observe falseness. Whenever a man says to his wife, “The political condition is going to go like this, I tell you,” and after that he's proved incorrect, his wife feels he will not have his info straight and so doesn't have the appropriate to make political choices. Girls really don't like guys who just talk from their egos to appear very important.

If a woman feels that a man is utilizing his funds, his place, his career, or his know-how to suppress or humiliate her, she will dislike all that he has and it is. The identical issue is true for any man if a woman tries to impress her superiority on him. If, as an example, a lady says to a guy, “You are only generating $10,000 a year, but I am producing $80,000,” that man will come to feel humiliated and angry.

A woman adores a man that has a sense of responsibility, who takes care of her as well as youngsters and considerations himself with their well being and welfare. By way of example, if one of the little ones desires his teeth worked on as well as the husband says to his wife, “You deal with it; I'm active,” he is not showing obligation. If his wife is worrying or if she is sick, the man will have to not ignore it. He ought to take care of it. Once the woman knows that her husband is taking good care of her with genuine concern, she will be concerned much less and be more healthy.

https://supremefaness.tumblr.com/post/178029739539/connection-suggestions

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infolearn · 5 years

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Aristotle psychology

The psychology of Aristotle and the influence of Plato

Aristotelian Psychology, About The Soul

Aristotle's psychology of impulses and passions

Read the full article

#AncientGreece #Aristotlepsychology #Galen #Historyofpsychology #Modernpsychology #platon #ThepsychologyofAristotleandtheinfluenceofPlato

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blimpsandwindmills · 7 years

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A New Mahabharat War

- ANANDACHARYA

In the months of December 1962 A.D. and January 1963 A.D., there was talk of a world war. The above prediction of a world war had been challenged with reference to the 8-planet Yoga, not only astrologers of India, but those of the entire world proclaimed that a world war will take place in February 1962 A.D. Despite this on the basis of Acharya Varah Mihir’s astrological calculations, in the September 1961 issue of Akhand Jyoti magazine. Our viewpoint was further strengthened by the opinion of Norway’s famous Yogi, Anandacharya. He said that

“No doubt the world that is 3rd will take place but not before 1995 A. D. Uptil then India will become the 6th Super Power of the world. Just as the Mahabharat war was fought in India, after scientific advancement, wherein all nations of the world were involved who used divine weapons of fire etc. , in the way that is same future 3rd world war will not only see the utilization of terrible chemical and atomic weapons but even other newly invented ones which no one is conscious of today. It means that with the help of weapons acquired from other divine worlds, this war will be fought. A New Mahabharat War Nuclear weapons of earth will look pale in front of the above mentioned divine weapons. After these divine weapons are used, they will leave no imprint behind for the scientists of earth to conduct research studies. Even women will take part in this pugilative war. ”.

“This war will be battled mainly in Asia but its most effects that are tainted be seen in Europe and Muslim nations. The role of India will become the ultimate decision. Initially India will try to stop this pugilative war but because of China’s stance, people will not agree. Inwardly the fire of war will ablaze be kept by China and yet another country will be blamed for it. The flames of destruction due to this war will far spread out so and wide, that all countries of the world will request India to intervene and ward off destruction. Only then will peace prevail. After this war, human culture will change completely. All this will take place only after 1995 A.D.”

That Yogi’s predictions, which have actually been given in the lines mentioned above and in the following pages, was an Indian born in West Bengal in the year 1883 A.D. He was called Surendranath Baral. A great spiritual awakening took place in his psyche as a result of deep study in Calcutta University covering subjects like Indian and Vedic Philosophy. For some time he taught certain subjects in Calcutta University. He realized hat materialistic men possessed very few human values. Its ratio was like a mustard seed and a mountain. Mere material pursuits cannot give eternal peace and joy. It is only the Divine that is eternal Power each individual that can usher in eternal peace and joy in the world. It is only once we understand the science of consciousness that pervades all beings of the cosmos, the nature of the controller of the global world and self knowledge and knowledge of this world and the next, can man become self-fulfilled. In a state of lack man can never either attain joy in the present or in future too.

Thus attainment of self-fulfillment is the only balanced goal which gives peace that is eternal. Thinking thus this Yogi started practicing Yoga. He deeply studied Astrological Sciences, Samadhi (meditative trance) etc. Later this Yogi called himself Anandacharya. He was born in India and performed practices that are spiritualSadhana) in Norway. He distribute the wisdom of Indian Philosophy in the entire world. Chiefly he was a seer, philosopher, thinker and messenger of a religion that is human. He thus visited England, America etc. He attained fame as a great person who could predict the future aptly. He was more famous than other leading futurists of the global world like Jean Dixon, Cheiro, Clark, Harare etc. Anandacharya’s predictions gained lots of popularity in Europe and Africa. He always shied far from fame and name and yet his predictions were so correct that fame followed him like a servant. Books written by Anandacharya like “Brahma Darshanam” and “Tattva Jeevanam” ( published in New York and London) proved to be vaults of Indian Philosophy. Many decades back he had written a book -“Kaal- Chakram” which described India’s social condition at that time. He predicted that a great transformation will take place in India financially, socially etc. Today the fact that India, is becoming a great force to reckon with in the international arena is proof of Anandacharya’s predictions.

Anandacharya was the first person who said way back in 1910 – “People must gird their loins up for a 1st world war. In the last week of July, a very minor event will pave the way for a war. Later all those national countries who have tense relationships with one another will take part in the war. This war will last till November 1918 A.D. and when it will end, world politics will get centralized at one point. An organization will be created which will have leading nations of the global world as its members. This organization will resort to cunning gamesmanship, instead of truth and honesty and hence world humanity will not accept their directions.

At that time people did perhaps not pay heed that is much Anandacharya’s predictions. In 1914 A.D. a youth of Serbia fired a bullet at Arch Duke Ferdinand, who was the heir of Austrian throne. Despite this none had even an inkling that a global world war will set in. Within one month Australia attacked Hungary. Friendly nations on both relative sides too got involved in this war. These nations were Germany, Turkey, Bulgaria, France, Britain, Russia, Belgium, Italy, Japan etc. This was a world war that is classic. The battles of Mans, Saan and Verdun were so terrifying that people hated every brief moment of it. Later a League of Nations was formed. Thus both predictions of Anandacharya came true.

Now people of Norway and England paid more awareness of Anandacharya. A special association of British journalists met him and requested him to put forth his views about the future. Anandacharya replied – “Now get ready for a world war that is 2nd. In this war Germany’s Hitler and Russia’s Stalin will fight so ferociously, that the war will end even more harshly. In August 1945 A.D. a terrible explosion will occur for the first time in the world and in a flash, millions of people will die. Only then will some sort of peace manifest in the global world.”

A years that are few this prediction in September 1939 A.D., Germany attacked Poland. After this battle its flames were re-lit and one more world war set in. On 6th Hiroshima and Nagasaki (2 cities of Japan) were attacked with an atom bomb august. As a total result an incredible number of people passed away.

Anandacharya’s predictions Mussolini&rsquo that is regarding;s, and Eisenhower and Krushchev’s leadership also came true. His prediction about the state of the world after the 2nd world war too came true. After this came the Ashtagrahi Yoga (astrological confluence of 8 planets). Every one of Aandacharya’s predictions regarding this Yoga have been given in the last pages of the book. Yet the most important part is regarding exactly what he said in New York. All his quotes were published in brand new York, Paris, Belgium, England, and Norway etc.

He said – “On usually the one hand researchers of the global world will progress so much in Material Sciences that they will land on Moon and mars. Political efforts will be made to obstruct research that is nuclear yet smaller nations too will attempt and produce nuclear weapons. In a short time span even far off lands will produce destructive devices and bombs. Hindus living in other nations will face danger. Many nations will insult Hindus and throw them out of their country. In Sri Lanka and India, women will lead in politics. Fast changes will take place in England’s politics.” His predictions about Kennedy and Martin Luther King’s death too proved to be real.

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goodoldianto-blog · 6 years

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Relationship recommendations:

How Males Can Construct Rapport With Females

The next piece of writing by Torkom Saraydarian gives invaluable relation strategies on how guys can develop greater rapport with women. Right here too, laughter is an important component in the alternative. In Torkom’s phrases “If the couple participates in fun routines and plays a variety of video games collectively, they fuse their hearts, and their conditions are less complicated to resolve.” Nearly all of our social challenges, upheavals and troubles originate from unhappy relationships concerning women and men.

The ancient mystery schools stipulated that a guy couldn't be a teacher till he held the keys to each of the doors on the female psyche. This was a sign of improved sensitivity and mastery of himself. In studying to understand lady, man gets to be comprehensive. Lady, by contrast, is generally total if she hasn't abused herself by endeavoring to be like a guy.

Guys must find out about the nature on the “locks” within a lady and concerning the good crucial to utilize for each. Whenever a man makes use of the incorrect vital not just does he harm the lock inside the female, but he also brings upon himself added trouble given that later on he will must commit more labor and energy to open that broken lock. However, if a man can utilize the appropriate keys to a woman’s locks, he releases a great stream of healing energies from her. It's a released female who brings the highest-level little ones for the planet, being a response to your a single who understood her.

Countless males grew to become great for the reason that they were married to gals who assisted them reach that greatness. Their wives stood behind them, encouraged them, sacrificed and labored to deliver out the very best in them. They grew to become serious males. This kind of men have said, “Without my wife, I couldn't have completed what I did.” Conversely, if a man loses the respect of his wife due to his very own lack of virtue and striving, he also loses strength physically, emotionally, and mentally. Whenever a man is deprived like this, his enterprise gets worse, his social relationships suffer, and he acts like a kid with his temper, tirades, and nasty deeds. Then his wife rejects him a lot more for the reason that she will not will need a further child to care for.

Most guys like a lady who is both much like their mom or simply the opposite of their mom. That is an automatic or mechanical response. Both they desire a woman who loves and kisses them and reminds them within the finish, unconditional take pleasure in their mothers gave them, or, when they hated their mother, they want anyone who's just the opposite of her, who in no way resembles something about her.

If a guy marries a lady that is similar to his mom, he falls into the danger of enjoying the child’s function. She gets to be his mom, and he obeys her for the final degree. This kind of a guy feels unfulfilled if his wife does not act like his mother. This can be destructive on the marriage given that the wife, seeing that her husband is not really growing, may perhaps create resistance and resentment toward raising a youngster when she had considered she married a man. That wife will get started undertaking quite a few points to create her husband stand on his own feet. She will generate countless difficulties and troubles for her husband until finally he stands up and acts like a man.

A lady is usually a man’s best asset within this world should the relationship is correct. A woman will motivate her husband, she will sacrifice herself for him, and in the most important instances in the man’s lifestyle, she can be the a single to achieve out, grasp his hand and pull him up. She will give him spiritual energy and everything that he desires. For these motives a man need to learn to comprehend gals and how to relate to them beautifully.

Girl has the capability to carry out the top that may be in guy. She evokes from man the best that he is. Men ought to be grateful to ladies who do this.

Female is often a challenger. Commonly if a guy helps make a decision to undertake something and after that will not do it, she shows him in some way that she thinks he's weak. She may possibly even depart him. Then the man may well make use of the psychology of blaming her and say, “She needed me to undertake it, and when I didn't, she left.” He forgets that he manufactured a decision, a promise. When he didn't adhere to his choice or retain his guarantee, she saw in him an inferior guy, and she didn't require an inferior guy. If a guy tends to make a guarantee he have to continue to keep it; otherwise, he should not promise. A lady desires a man who keeps his word. … A guy will need to worth his wife because the highest factor in his lifestyle - larger than his business or other interests. A man’s wife is his honor and the source of his joy, inspiration, power, foods, and well being. She is the mother of his little ones. A man have got to sacrifice for her. Anytime he is with her, he have to neglect all his outside interests and give her his full awareness.

A woman needs her husband to get kingly; she needs to view him as noble, great, and victorious. If a guy has dignity and inner worth, a woman will respect him. A woman would like her husband to be best in all his thoughts, choices, and actions considering that he is her pride. If she sees he is definitely valueless, it turns into virtually like suicide for her simply because her dream and pride are gone. … A real guy can be a man who offers security for his wife on all amounts: bodily, emotional, psychological, moral, and spiritual. To supply moral security means that the man ought to not act within a way that produces even suspicion within the mind of his wife. Suspicious phone calls, suspicious letters, appointments, and interviews all throw a woman off balance. She feels that she is shedding her protection. It really is vital for a girl to possess security on all amounts.

A lady has spiritual safety when she feels that her husband or her fiance has a fantastic vision toward which he is striving. A man striving to attain a great aim is actually a huge supply of protection to get a lady. She can't be her finest self with no that vision. When she sees that her highest vision is manifested in her guy by his striving, then she feels secure.

Lady has security when her room is simply not restricted.

Vision in her guy expands her space; lack of vision in her man limits her room. Woman requires the sense of space she gets from guy: bodily space inside the form of prosperity, cash, furnishings, and home; emotional and mental area from a husband who actually understands and understands items; spiritual space lets a lady to produce her likely as far as achievable. As a lot room as a man provides to his wife, a lot does she develop and grow in attractiveness, goodness, and wisdom.

A serious guy evokes a spirit of striving from his wife or girlfriend. For instance, if she will college, he'll challenge her to continue her education and earn a doctorate. If she is painting, he will challenge her to produce alot more and do far better. Anything that she already has should be created further like a consequence on the encouragement and inspiration within the guy. Women have to continually create and broaden their skills, or else they end up damaging. If a guy doesn't wish to be married to a nagging, vicious girl, then he need to continually inspire and inspire her to develop her skills and talents. As well as the lady are going to be delighted that her husband or boyfriend is a supply of courage and inspiration.

Whenever a man presents a vision or a purpose to his wife or girlfriend, it must not be provided as an buy. It's a purpose. The man ought to know what the lady already wants to do the job towards ahead of he presents his vision. Then before he states any goal, he have got to be 100 % confident the Girl will such as the intention. He will need to understand what her thoughts and her dreams are, put them right into a sensible format of targets to attain, and after that verbalize the aims as something the two of them can attain together.

When a vision is presented by a guy on this manner, the woman will put all her efforts into attaining it. Remaining presented with goals that she loves, the woman shall be polarized towards these goals and will orient her entire sense of economy toward fulfilling them. She won't waste capital. She won't waste time. She will grow to be even more organized and efficient. She will probably be up-to-date because of the vision.

Through the vision and goal, the guy brings the woman’s inner urges, drives, and dreams into goal verbalization. This really is how males turn out to be close to their gals. … If a guy helps make a right selection, his wife will carry it out immediately. A serious guy makes appropriate decisions, and his wife loves it. Ladies detest incorrect selections and staying forced to stick to falseness. When a man says to his wife, “The political circumstance is going to go like this, I tell you,” after which he is proved incorrect, his wife feels he won't have his material straight and so will not have the right to create political selections. Women don't like men who just speak from their egos to appear significant.

If a woman feels that a guy is using his hard earned cash, his position, his task, or his practical knowledge to suppress or humiliate her, she will hate all that he has and it is. Exactly the same matter is accurate for a guy if a lady tries to impress her superiority on him. If, one example is, a woman says to a guy, “You are only making $10,000 a 12 months, but I'm producing $80,000,” that guy will come to feel humiliated and angry.

A woman adores a guy who has a sense of responsibility, who takes care of her as well as the children and issues himself with their health and fitness and welfare. By way of example, if one of the small children wants his teeth worked on and also the husband says to his wife, “You take care of it; I'm hectic,” he is not showing responsibility. If his wife is worrying or if she is sick, the guy have got to not ignore it. He ought to consider care of it. Once the female is aware of that her husband is taking care of her with genuine concern, she will stress significantly less and be more healthy.

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