Most stars in the Milky Way just hang around doing pretty normal star things, but one particular star just will not.
It's a binary system called FU Orionis, and it's been erupting violently since 1936, when it suddenly, without warning, flared to 1,000 times its usual brightness. This had never been seen before in a young star, and astronomers have been baffled by it for decades.
Now, 88 years later, they finally have answers. FU Orionis is actively feeding on a stream of material – and, using observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, a team of astronomers led by Antonio Hales of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory has directly imaged that stream of material.
Star Cluster in the Rosette Nebula - May 22nd, 1996.
"Embedded in the center of the colourful and photogenic Rosette Nebula is a bright, young open cluster. The bright blue stars in this cluster, labelled NGC 2244, emit ultraviolet light that knocks electrons away from hydrogen atoms. When the electrons fall back, they emit the red light which distinctively defines the glow of all emission nebulae. The Rosette Nebula is thousands of light years distant, but light would take only about 100 years to cross it. The Rosette Nebula is not difficult to observe and, although faint, actually appears larger than the full Moon."
Extraordinary footage of a comet colliding with a planet for the first time. In 1994, pieces of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 crashed into Jupiter, creating massive dark scars and superheated plumes. Had it hit Earth, it could have caused a global disaster like the one that wiped out the dinosaurs.
UC Riverside astrophysicist Stephen Kane had to double-check his calculations. He wasn't sure the planet he was studying could be as extreme as it seemed.
Kane had never expected to learn that a planet in this faraway star system is covered with so many active volcanoes that seen from a distance, it would take on a fiery, glowing-red hue.
"It was one of those discovery moments that you think, 'wow, it's amazing this can actually exist," Kane said. A paper detailing the discovery has been published in The Astronomical Journal.
Launched in 2018, NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, or TESS, searches for exoplanets—planets outside our solar system—that orbit the brightest stars in the sky, including those that could support life.
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"Above is an image of the relatively quiet Sun made on May 18th, 1996, in light emitted by ionised helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Lockyer. Lockyer relied on a developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later, helium was finally discovered on Earth when the spectrum of a helium bearing mineral of uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after hydrogen) in the Universe."