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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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Chemistry Behind Sugar Substitutes
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Many people have come to recognize the detrimental effects of consuming excessive sugar. It not only leads to weight gain, which can trigger chronic diseases, but it also negatively impacts the skin.
While we understand these concerns, the temptation of sweet treats is hard to resist. This is where scientists turned to the use of sugar substitutes. As a sweetener, stevioside is widely used in beverages, bread, pastries, fried foods, as well as sausages and ham.
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According to some studies, stevioside has several effects on human health, including lowering blood pressure, blood sugar, providing antioxidant properties, and exhibiting antibacterial properties. However, the dosage and regulations of stevioside require more standardization and monitoring to avoid adverse reactions or complications.
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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Global Flu Worries Not Over
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Recently, influenza A is the leading cause of respiratory disease outbreaks globally. There has been a report of consumers blindly hoarding Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), an antiviral that stops the spread of the flu in the body. It is mostly used for influenza A and B viruses.
As early as SARS in 2003 and the global bird flu pandemic in 2005, oseltamivir caused a stampede. It is a neuraminidase inhibitor, a competitive inhibitor of influenza s neuraminidase enzyme. The enzyme cleaves the sialic acid which is found on glycoproteins on the surface of human cells that helps new virions to exit the cell. Thus it prevents new viral particles from being released.
As shikimic acid contained in the herb star anise is a key ingredient for the formulation of Tamiflu, there was a rumor that star anise can cure bird flu, causing consumers to buy star anise.
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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A bigger problem than cocaine?
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"Laughing gas" (Nitrous oxide) was first used as an anesthetic and was widely used in dental and surgical operations from 1844. Later, it was gradually replaced by a better anesthetic. Nitrous oxide is also a recreational drug that has been abused due to its euphoric effects and ability to cause laughter when inhaled. But the vast majority of people who take it don't know how dangerous it is. When inhaling laughing gas, may cause sudden asphyxia due to too little oxygen.
It can also cause nerve damage, resulting in reduced intelligence, audiovisual ability, and hand flexibility in a short time. Long-term consumption may lead to symptoms such as vitamin B deficiency, muscle paralysis, and even paralysis.
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Source: BBC News
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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Why Is Lemon Water Bitter?
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It's not just lemons that taste bitter when soaked in water. We can recall and ask ourselves if freshly squeezed orange juice also tastes bitter? If the peel and pit of the orange also have a bitter taste?
In fact, these bitter flavors are derived from limonoid, which is common in citrus fruits. At present, about 50 kinds of limonoids have been isolated and identified, among which limonin is a common one. When we use lemons and other citrus fruits to make water and juice, these peels and cores that are rich with lemon bitter compounds will be mixed into the juice, so drinking it will have a bitter taste.
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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Pray For Ohio ...
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Ohio train derailment: 15k pounds of contaminated soil, 1.1M gallons of contaminated water excavated from the site.
A train derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, with about 50 cars running off the tracks on February 3. Hazardous chemicals included Vinyl chloride (75-01-4), Butyl acrylate (141-32-2), 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate (103-11-7), 2-Butoxyethanol (111-76-2), Isobutene (115-11-7), etc. To prevent an explosion, emergency teams conducted a controlled release and burning of five canisters of vinyl chloride, causing a huge black cloud to form over the area. The derailment has also raised concerns among local residents about air, soil, and water pollution.
BREAKING NEWS: 70 miles from East Palestine, a Bedford, Ohio Metal Processing Plant has exploded. "Mass casualties" The area is covered in debris, and thick smoke can be seen from miles away.
Undoubtedly, it is a nationwide campaign of sabotage going on in the USA.
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BREAKING NEWS: 70 miles from East Palestine, a Bedford, Ohio Metal Processing Plant has exploded. "Mass casualties" The area is covered in debris, and thick smoke can be seen from miles away.
Undoubtedly, it is a nationwide campaign of sabotage going on in the USA.
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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The principal Flavor Compound of Hazelnuts
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Filbertone is the principal flavor compound of hazelnuts. It is used in perfumery and is designated as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in foods. Because filbertone is found in hazelnut oil, its presence can be used to detect the adulteration of olive oil with less expensive hazelnut oil.
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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What gives your skin firmness, elasticity, and strength?
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Many skincare products claimed that collagen can help restore skin bounce. Is this true? Actually, it is a long-standing misunderstanding! Collagen mainly provides firmness and strength whereas elastin allows the skin to be flexible and elastic. Collagen and elastin are located in the skin’s dermal layer in the form of collagen fibers and elastic fibers, respectively.
Elastin is a very important fibrous protein with a vital role as a rubber band in the skin, and it is essential for blood vessels, lungs, ligaments, and bladders. The abundant fibrous proteins in the aorta act as a mediator for pressure waves and help blood flow.
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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Mushroom alcohol attracts mosquitoes?
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1-Octen-3-ol, octenol for short and also known as mushroom alcohol, is a chemical that attracts biting insects such as mosquitoes. It is contained in human breath and sweat, and it is believed that insect-repellent DEET works by blocking the insects' octanol odorant receptors.
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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Let's March Begin!
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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After Train Derailment...
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Source: USATODAY
To prevent derailed trains from exploding, the emergency response team has released five cans of Vinyl chloride. The combustion of vinyl chloride will release hydrogen chloride (irritating, corrosive, easily soluble in water), phosgene (used as a chemical weapon, can cause emphysema), TCDD (with strong biological toxicity, difficult to eliminate natural degradation), and other harmful substances.
 In the weeks that followed, local residents took to social media to share stories of contaminated waterways and dead animals. More than 43,000 animals have died within 8 km of the Ohio waterway, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources estimates. 
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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Sweet and Fruity, Strong and Intoxicating
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image from the internet
Combretum indicum, also known as the Rangoon creeper, is a vine with red flower clusters which is generally found in tropical Asia. Sweet and fruity, strong and intoxicating, reminiscent of white flowers and honeysuckle. The seeds are similar to pumpkin seeds, in which quisqualic acid has been used for treating roundworm and pinworm. It is toxic to the parasite and kills it in the digestive tract.
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kingdrawcse · 2 years
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What ! ? "Halloween Reaction"?
Happy Halloween all KingDraw lovers!!!
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Let’s enjoy a Halloween-inspired chemical experiment:)
The Halloween reaction or Old Nassau reaction is known as a “Clock” reaction in which a clear solution turns orange and then black. This reaction was discovered by two undergraduate students at Princeton University researching the inhibition of the iodine clock reaction (or Landolt reaction) by Hg2+, resulting in the formation of orange HgI2. Orange and black are the school colors of Princeton University, and "Old Nassau" is a nickname for Princeton, named for its historic administration building, Nassau Hall.
Here I found a video from YouTube. Let's have a look!
youtube
The real ‘Halloween Reaction’
The Halloween clock reaction is a modification of the classic Landolt clock reaction. Three clear solutions of sodium bisulfate, mercury (ll) chloride, and potassium iodate are combined. The first two are mixed, then added simultaneously to the potassium iodate. Then, the orange-red comes out. A few seconds later, the mixture rapidly turns to black color, where a starch-iodine complex is formed.
The reactions involved are as follows:
Na2S2O5 + H2O → 2 NaHSO3
IO3− + 3 HSO3− → I− + 3 SO42− + 3 H+ This reaction reduces iodate ions to iodide ions.
Hg2+ + 2 I− → HgI2 Orange mercury iodide solid is precipitated until the mercury is used up.
IO3− + 5 I− + 6 H+ → 3 I2 + 3 H2O The excess I− and IO3− undergo the iodide-iodate reaction
I2 + starch → a blue/black complex A blue/black starch-iodine complex is formed.
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Hazard index: High!!!
Do not try this experiment at home! Take care to operate since there’s soluble mercury (ll) chloride in high toxicity. If you don't go for full reduction, you can select food coloring as a replacement for mercury (ll) chloride, which can greatly improve the safety of the experiment. However, there’s no stage in the reaction where the color turns from colorless to orange.
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kingdrawcse · 2 years
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Can Dogs Eat Chocolate???
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Is chocolate toxic to doggies?The answer is "YES"!!!
Theobromine, the main alkaloid in cocoa beans, is also responsible for chocolate's bitterness. Due to a slower metabolic rate than humans, theobromine has adverse effects on the nervous system of a variety of animals, and its toxicity caused by ingestion of chocolate is common in pets. The oral LD50 (median lethal dose) of theobromine for dogs is 300mg/kg, and the LD50 for cats is 200mg/kg. Although the toxic dose for cats is lower, cats do not have taste buds for sweets, so dogs are the most common "victims".
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image by KingDraw
Therefore~
Take care if you have doggies at home~Dogs do not metabolize theobromine and can cause severe illness and even death. Dogs should never be fed chocolate of any kind or in any amount.
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kingdrawcse · 8 months
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Draw chemical structures and reactions on a pad?
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Try KingDraw HD
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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Whisky Lactone
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Whisky is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash. Various grains are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Scotland is the birthplace of the famous Scotch whisky, which is given a beautiful name “Uisce beatha” , literally “water of life”. According to the origin, whisky can be divided into four categories: Scottish whiskey, Irish whiskey, American whiskey (bourbon whiskey, rye whiskey, etc.), and Canadian whiskey.
As an important ingredient in the aroma of whiskey, whisky lactone, a chemical compound, was found in the oak barrels and added to the liquor as a flavoring agent. Trans isomer has a coconut wood aroma and cis isomer has an intensive coconut aroma.
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kingdrawcse · 1 year
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A bit of biochemistry for you on Valentine's day...
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"For dopamine, serotonin, adrenaline, and oxytocin! And let their flow never end between you two!"
Here's a bit of biochemistry for you on Valentine's day
Dopamine
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In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior. The anticipation of most types of rewards increases the level of dopamine in the brain.
Adrenaline
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Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication. Adrenaline is normally produced both by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata, where it acts as a neurotransmitter involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration).
Serotonin
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Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter. It is the key hormone that stabilizes our mood, feelings of well-being, and happiness. This hormone impacts your entire body. It enables brain cells and other nervous system cells to communicate with each other. Serotonin also helps with sleeping, eating, and digestion.
Oxytocin
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Oxytocin is a hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, a pea-sized structure at the base of the brain. It is sometimes known as the "cuddle hormone" or the "love hormone," because it is released when people snuggle up or bond socially.
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