#genetic code
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Epigenetics: A Journey Through Inheritance Beyond Genes
For centuries, scientists have been fascinated by the mysteries of heredity and how traits are passed down from generation to generation. DNA, the molecule that stores our genetic code, was once thought to be the sole determinant of our characteristics. However, a new frontier in biology, revealing a captivating layer of complexity beyond the DNA sequence itself: Epigenetics.
What is Epigenetics?
The term "epigenetics" was first coined in the 1940s by British biologist Conrad Waddington, but it wasn't until the late 20th century that its significance truly blossomed. Epigenetics, literally meaning "above genetics," refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations to the DNA sequence itself. Imagine DNA as the musical score, but epigenetics are the conductor and musicians who determine how the music is played. Through chemical modifications and adjustments to the proteins around DNA, epigenetics dictates which genes are turned on or off, influencing how cells function and ultimately shaping our health, development, and even behavior. Think of your DNA as the hardware: it contains the basic instructions for building and running your body. But epigenetics acts like the software, fine-tuning those instructions and determining which genes get turned on or off at specific times and in specific cells. These modifications, like chemical tags or changes in the packaging of DNA, don't alter the underlying code itself, but they can have a profound impact on how it's read and interpreted.
The Key Players:
DNA methylation: This process involves adding a methyl group to DNA, essentially silencing the gene it's attached to. Imagine it like putting a dimmer switch on a light bulb.
Histone modifications: Histones are proteins that package DNA, and changes in their structure can make genes more or less accessible to the cellular machinery needed for expression. Think of it like adjusting the curtains around a window - open wide for full light, slightly closed for filtered light.
Non-coding RNAs: These are molecules that don't code for proteins but can regulate gene expression in various ways. They're like the backstage crew in a play, ensuring everything runs smoothly.
The Power of Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including:
Development: During embryonic development, different cell types emerge from the same DNA blueprint by activating or silencing specific gene sets through epigenetic modifications.
Cellular differentiation: Specialized cells like muscle or nerve cells have unique functions due to differences in their active genes, controlled by epigenetic mechanisms.
Learning and memory: Epigenetic changes in brain cells are thought to be essential for learning and forming memories.
Aging: As we age, our epigenome accumulates changes that can contribute to age-related decline and disease.
Environmental influences: Diet, exercise, stress, and exposure to toxins can leave epigenetic marks on our genes, potentially impacting our health and even the health of future generations.
Epigenetics reminds us that we are not simply products of our genes. Our environment, choices, and experiences leave their mark, shaping who we are and potentially influencing our children's health. This deeper understanding of ourselves opens doors for self-awareness, empowerment, and potentially reshaping our narratives – not just as individuals, but as a species with the potential to leave a healthier legacy for generations to come.
#life science#biology#science sculpt#molecular biology#biotechnology#epigenetics#daily dose of science#dna#genetic inheritance#genetics#decoding dna#genetic code#science#double helix
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Marshall Nirenberg – Scientist of the Day
Marshall Warrenn Nirenberg, an American biochemist, was born Apr. 10, 1927, in New York City.
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#Marshall Nirenberg#biochemistry#genetic code#histsci#histSTM#20th century#history of science#Ashworth#Scientist of the Day
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Phenotype vs Genotype
Phenotype
-- the trait produced by the genotype
-- depends on both genotype and environmental factors
-- not inherited by offspring
-- consists of expressed genes
-- dominant alleles can mask recessive alleles
-- genotype AA causes phenotype A
-- genotype Aa causes phenptype A
-- genotype aa causes phenotype a
Genotype
-- the actual genetic code of an organism
-- codes for the phenotype
-- consists of both dominant and recessive alleles
-- inherited by offspring
-- usually refers to one specific gene causing a trait
-- written as a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters
-> AA
-> Bb
-> ee
-- dominant = uppercase letters
-- recessive = lowercase letters
-- both uppercase = homozygous dominant
-- one uppercase and one lowercase = heterozygous
-- both lowercase = homozygous recessive
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#studyblr#notes#biology#bio#biology notes#bio notes#life science#science#health science#genetics#genetics notes#genotype#phenotype#homozygosity#heterozygosity#genetic code#biological science#study guide#genetics study guide
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E | Moira/Sombra/Widowmaker | ~95,000 words | Complete
Sombra gets into bed with Talon and realizes that she doesn't want to get out. Moira stands atop the world and waits to fall. The Widowmaker does as she is ordered, until she doesn't.
Preview under cut.
There was a warm mouth kissing the shell of her ear and then a soft whiskey-tinted breath caressing her eardrum.
“What is it you want, Lacroix?”
Like the roll of the timpani or the growing rumble of the brass she felt something inadvisable welling within her. The word grated against her like it always did and always would, the smug way Moira reminded herself and the Widowmaker and the world of the trophy she had won. The name that wasn’t really even Amélie’s at all, just the signifier of a husband who didn’t love her enough to come home and visit.
I AM NOT LACROIX.
Instead her hand gripped onto Moira’s as hard as it could, her fingers digging into the spaces between Moira’s, the veins and tendons bulging as she urged that hand to dig deeper and harder to scratch like it would pierce skin and muscle and bone.
.
Moira pressed more of herself against the wall to roll one stiff calf and stretch it out. One hand she stroked through Amélie’s hair, thin and silky. The other arm, the one holding Amélie, rested on her hip. She couldn’t hear or feel Amélie’s inhales and exhales. She could only trust she was still breathing.
She did not want the morning to come, did not want to let Amélie back out into the world, but she would. She would let her go as she’d let the cat of her childhood out time and again until it simply didn’t return. In the long nights when she missed its presence at the foot of her bed she told herself it was having an adventure, had found something important, was hunting and fat and happy.
It had probably been hit by a car or savaged by a dog. It had probably died slow and painful by the side of the road.
She would never know.
Her hands tightened. The melancholy crept in, a leaden blanket that offered no relief from the cold. Amélie’s body leached all the warmth she could offer. There was nothing comfortable about it, just the awkward confines of the bed and the stiffness of their bodies. She supposed it was not meant to be comfortable.
.
She was jittery. The music wasn’t enough, had never been enough. Sombra reached for the half-empty bottle of gin and wished she’d picked up weed instead, or something stronger. A bitter tablet under the tongue.
Her hardware was defective at its core, and none of the upgrades she’d made could ever really fix that. She wished the old wish that she was an omnic or one of the simpler machines that she commanded so effortlessly. How pleasant to bring sleep about like the flicking of a switch.
She was better as a human, she always told herself, but damn was it hard to believe that when she was sweating and feeling her hands tremble and wanting to just be asleep.
It should have felt better to get her strings wrapped around her latest friend, but it was hard to feel halfway decent when the videos were still playing themselves in her head.
Dogfighting. Who the hell was still dogfighting? She’d thought omnic-baiting had replaced it, but apparently not. Apparently people still liked to watch and listen as the animals they’d raised to die bit and clawed at each other and barked and growled and screamed and bled out.
She didn’t know dog screams could sound so human. She hadn’t wanted to know that.
#overwatch#widowmoira#spiderbyte#genetic code#mercy voice: sometimes i'm not sure why i even bother#the end. please read. thank you. goodbye
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What is Chromosome remodeling? Explained
Imagine a library with millions of books tightly bound together – that's kind of like DNA in chromosomes without remodeling. Remodeling acts like librarians carefully unstacking and organizing books to make them accessible to readers. Read more...
CHROMOSOME REMODELING
Chromosome remodeling is a vital process within cells that ensures the DNA instructions encoded in chromosomes can be accessed and used when needed. Imagine a library with millions of books tightly bound together – that’s kind of like DNA in chromosomes without remodeling. Remodeling acts like librarians carefully unstacking and organizing books to make them accessible to…
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Torn Roots.
She wanted to unleash those emotions that were roaring inside of her, caged and pacing about.
There was anger. There was defiance. There was a sense of knowing things…but she wasn’t sure what exactly had triggered these emotions.
But there was also this peaceful yet nagging notion that would trickle down her thoughts…that would meander and wind its way through her mind.
This notion was…
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#ancestors#ancestral knowledge#art#culture#digital art#emotions#family tree#genetic code#heritage#history#mind#painting#roots#society#thoughts#vision
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Torn Roots.
She wanted to unleash those emotions that were roaring inside of her, caged and pacing about.
There was anger. There was defiance. There was a sense of knowing things…but she wasn’t sure what exactly had triggered these emotions.
But there was also this peaceful yet nagging notion that would trickle down her thoughts…that would meander and wind its way through her mind.
This notion was…
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#ancestors#ancestral knowledge#art#culture#digital art#emotions#family tree#genetic code#heritage#history#mind#painting#roots#society#thoughts#vision
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This twisted ladder holds more secrets than a locked vault. From eye color to fingerprints, DNA whispers the story of who you are, where you came from, and even hints at your future. It's the ultimate blueprint, the instruction manual for building you, and it's hidden within every cell of your being. So next time you take a selfie, remember, you're not just capturing a face, you're snapping a shot of your own personal history book, written in the language of life itself.
What hidden talents or traits lie coiled within your DNA? Share it in the comments!
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This makes sense I swear
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Somebody mentioned in a tag on one of my posts the scene where Marco Animorphs is showering after antmageddon and he finds an ant stuck to his hip by the pincers where it presumably was trying to bite him in half when he was an ant and then it died from him becoming very big very fast and I feel like that scene, and the scene where Cassie finds a sliver of a sentient person’s flesh between her teeth while she’s flossing and then flosses until her gums bleed, really deserve recognition in the literary canon. Applegate deserves an award. There should be a TV Trope named after whatever the fuck that is. Like fridge horror but diegetic. Bathroom horror. Your bedtime bathroom routine as an opportunity for personal confrontation with the violent detritus of the dead which lingers in and on your body even after you have ostensibly stripped yourself of weapons and healed over all your wounds.
#animorphs#applegate said what if you could transform your body entirely and literally rewrite your genetic code#but it was not enough to get away from the evidence of the terrible things you have asked your body to do#what then. wouldn't that be fucked up.#and the answer AS ALWAYS is yes katherine it would thank you for asking#if you screenshot my tags transcribe them so help me god
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A friend in my biology class is blind, and I’ve found that he can’t use the genetic code chart.
Does anyone know how I can find a version of this that can be used by my friend? I want to help him out :)
#help#biology#blind#genetic code chart#genes#genetic code#help wanted#science#biotechnology#biotech#biotech biology
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scientists: exciting news! we found the gene which could make us immortal
also scientists: it's a mistake to think we will have immortality like this jellyfish, because we are not jellyfish
#i wish i could be a jellyfish tho#immortality#immortal jellyfish#biotechnology#T.dohrnii#telomers#the gene basically prevents telomers from getting shorter#also this is literal quote from the article#science#science news#genes#genetic code#gene for immortality
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grief will make you do crazy things. it will electrify the elegant, flower-stem neurons in the amygdala of your brain, will pluck them like an instrument. in ancient rome, grief made men twirl in their thin, leather sandals and pirouette until their feet bled; in india, it walked widows onto pyres waiting for fire. the persians gave the bodies of their deceased beloveds to dogs; the egyptians buried them with their servants. grief will make you laugh at the funeral, weep over the cereal bowl; it will buzz your feet until they start dancing in the middle of the night. it’s grief that inspires the unlikeliest of bedfellows. it will convince you, tugging at the hem of your ragged cotton robe — the one you’ve had since your father bought it for you in latakia when you were fifteen, the one that will always smell hazily of summer — that the building is on fire, the world is on fire, and you’ll only find water in one place: a city as far away from here as you can imagine. grief will pack your bag, quit your job, buy a white dress. it will make you say yes.
the arsonists’ city, hala alyan
#hala alyan#the arsonists city#quotes#words under the words#no but i just read this and this book is rewriting my genetic code im going bananas
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The two people were first discovered in 1933, in what Pompeii archaeologists have called Casa del Fabbro, or The Craftsman's House.
They were slumped in the corner of the dining room, almost as though they were having lunch when the eruption occurred - on 24 August 79AD. One recent study suggested that the huge cloud of ash from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius could have become lethal for the city's residents in less than 20 minutes.
#Vesuvius#Pompeii#Italy#bones#bone fragments#bone powder#biofacts#bio#genetic code#Mediterranean#DNA#Salento#Sardinia#Copenhagen#TB#italian peninsula
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