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Happy birthday Marshal Lannes! April 10, 1769
I got a few selections about Jean Lannes from "Napoleon's Military Career" by Montgomery B. Gibbs
The first three, from the Italian campaign 1796/1797
At Dego:
Here also, Lannes, who lives to be a marshal of the empire, first attracted the notice if Napoleon, and was promoted from lieutenant-colonel to colonel.
At Lodi:
Lannes, Napoleon, Berthier, and L'Allemand now hurried to the front, rallied and cheered the men, and as the column dashed across and over the dead bodies of the slain which covered the passageway, and in the face of a tempest of fire that thinned their ranks at every step, the leaders shouted: "Follow your generals, my brave fellows!"
At Bassano:
Lannes seized one of the standards with his own hands, and, in consequence, Bonaparte demanded for him the rank of general of brigade. "He was," he said, "the first who put the enemy to route at Dego, who the Po at Plaisance, the Adda at Lodi, and the first to enter Bassano."
At Marengo:
"The shower of balls from the Austrian musketry was at one time so intense that Lannes, speaking of it afterwards, described it's effect with a horrible, graphic homeliness. "Bones were cracking in my division," he said, "like a shower of hail upon a skylight." Lannes was subsequently created Duke of Montebello.
At Ratisbon:
Napoleon now sent an aid-de-camp to Lannes urging him to expedite the taking of Ratisbon. This intrepid marshal has directed all his artillery against a projecting house, which rose above the wall surrounding the town. The house was knocked down and the ruins fell into the ditch. Still there were two fortified positions to take. Ladders were procured and placed at the critical points by the grenadiers, but every time one of them appeared he was instantly brought down by the well-aimed balls of Austrian sharpshooters. After some men had been thus struck, the rest appeared to hang back. Thereupon Lannes advanced, covered with decorations, seized one of the ladders and cried out: "You shall see that your marshal, for all he is a marshal, has not ceased to be a grenadier!"
At Aspern-Essling:
Just as Napoleon was about to retire for a few hours' rest he was interrupted by a violent altercation between two of the chief lieutenants, Bessieres and Lannes, the former of whom complained of the language used by the latter, his inferior in rank, in giving a necessary order for a charge of cuirassiers and Chasseurs, then under the orders of Marshal Bessieres himself. Massena, who was on the spot, was obligated to interfere between these gallant men, who, after having braces for a whole day the crossfire of three hundred pieces of cannon, were ready to draw their swords for the sake of their offended pride. Napoleon allayed their quarrel, which was to be terminated the best day by the enemy in the saddest way for themselves and for the army.
#napoleon#napoleon bonaparte#lannes#marshal lannes#jean lannes#napoleonic marshals#birthday#dego#lodi#bassano#marengo#ratisbon#Aspern-Essling#Napoleon's Military Career#Montgomery B. Gibbs
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Two wallpapers from the cathedral St. Peter in Regensburg.
Pics were taken with the camera from my Huawei P30 Pro and edited in the Huawei pic editor.
Enjoy and feel free to download!
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Dampfnudel-Uli, Regensburg, Germany late 1970s or early 1980s.
Dampfnudel-Uli was an iconic restaurant in Regensburg, but it closed down some years ago. It looked exactly the same from the outside when I last saw it in the mid 2010s.
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Super Arbeit bei der MPK Krakau!! @krakow_mpk @krakowcityguide #altstadtregensburg #ssvjahnregensburg #regensburg #regensburgcity #regensburger #ratisbona #rgbg #ratisbon #0941 #imogmeirengschburgertram #stadtbahnregensburg #rvb #rvv #regensburgerverkehrsbetriebe #regensburgerverkehrsverbund #regensburgerbusse #altstadtregensburg #mpkkrakow #mpk_krakow https://www.instagram.com/p/CeyfQYPq6Wf/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
#altstadtregensburg#ssvjahnregensburg#regensburg#regensburgcity#regensburger#ratisbona#rgbg#ratisbon#0941#imogmeirengschburgertram#stadtbahnregensburg#rvb#rvv#regensburgerverkehrsbetriebe#regensburgerverkehrsverbund#regensburgerbusse#mpkkrakow#mpk_krakow
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Napoleon dismounting with an injured foot at Regensburg, aided by the Surgeon, Yvan, 23 April, 1809
by Claude Gautherot
#napoléon#napoleon#bonaparte#napoleon bonaparte#napoléon bonaparte#art#battle of ratisbon#battle of regensburg#napoleonic wars#roustam raza#claude gautherot#pierre gautherot#pierre claude gautherot#dezydery chłapowski#alexandre urbain yvan#france#germany#history#french empire#austrian empire#holy roman empire#europe#european#french#regensburg#napoleonic#napoleon i#emperor#empire#bavaria
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SAINT OF THE DAY (October 31)
October 31, though best known as the Vigil of the Solemnity of All Saints (All Hallows’ Eve) in the Western church, is also the liturgical feast day of St. Wolfgang of Ratisbon, who was regarded as one of the greatest German saints of his time.
The Benedictine monk and bishop, who served as a missionary to pagans and a reformer of the Church in southeastern Germany, was born around 934 in the historic southwestern German region of Swabia.
Wolfgang came from a family of nobility and was privately tutored as a child. Later on, the future monk was educated at the renowned Monastery of Reichenau and at Wurtzburg.
Wolfgang showed intellectual prowess and found companionship during his years of study, but was also dismayed by the petty jealousies and moral lapses he observed in Wurtzburg’s academic environment.
In 956, his school companion Henry was chosen to lead the Archdiocese of Trier.
Though Wolfgang had become interested in monastic life, he chose to go with Henry to Trier, where his service to the Church included a teaching position in the cathedral school.
After Archbishop Henry’s death in 964, Wolfgang left Trier, became a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict, and settled at a monastery in the diocese of Augsburg.
Its school prospered under his direction, and the local bishop – the future St. Ulrich – ordained him to the priesthood in 968.
In his youth, Wolfgang had envisioned a secluded life of contemplation. However, things turned out differently, as he was sent east to evangelize the Magyars in 972.
By Christmas of that year, Wolfgang had been chosen as the new Bishop of Ratisbon (present-day Regensburg in Bavaria).
But he continued to live out his monastic vocation, retaining his distinctive Benedictine habit, and dedicating himself to the same ascetic lifestyle.
Amid the work of preaching and reform, Wolfgang remained a man of prayer, silence, and contemplative solitude.
Not surprisingly, the Bishop of Ratisbon made monasticism a focus of his church reforms, reviving religious life in places where it had fallen into disorder.
Wolfgang also showed extraordinary care for the poor in his diocese, to such an extent that he was called “the Great Almoner.”
On the other hand, he was also involved in affairs of state at a high level and tutored the children of the Duke of Bavaria, including the future Holy Roman Emperor St. Henry II.
Wolfgang, despite being one of the great bishops and saints of his time, still encountered serious difficulties in his leadership of the Diocese of Ratisbon.
On one occasion, a political conflict caused him to withdraw from his diocese to a hermitage for a period of time.
Wolfgang is also said to have struggled with the great geographical extent of the diocese, parts of which were eventually entrusted to the Bishop of Prague.
In 994, while traveling in Austria, Wolfgang became sick and died in the village of Pupping.
Miracles associated with his tomb, including many healings, led to his canonization of 1052.
Several of St. Wolfgang’s devotees experienced relief from stomach ailments, and he remains a patron saint of such troubles today.
His intercession is also sought by carpenters and by victims of strokes and paralysis.
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24th April
Incident of the French Camp by Robert Browning
The Battle of Ratisbon took place on this day in 1809, between the French forces of the Emperor Napoleon, and those of imperial Austria; the French won. In this poem Browning imagines an exchange between the Emperor and a dauntless young French soldier bearing a message from the front. Three of the six stanzas follow below.
The Battle of Ratisbon by Charles Thevenin. Source: Route You website
Incident of the French Camp
You know, we French storm’d Ratisbon:
A mile or so away,
On a little mound, Napoleon
Stood on our storming-day;
With neck out-thrust, you fancy how,
Legs wide, arms lock’d behind,
As if to balance the prone brow
Oppressive with its mind.
…
Then off there flung in smiling joy,
And held himself erect
By just his horse’s mane, a boy:
You hardly could suspect -
(So tight he kept his lips compressed,
Scarce any blood came through)
You look’d twice ere you saw his breast
Was all but shot in two.
…
The chief’s eye flashed; but presently
Softened itself, as sheathes
A film the mother-eagle’s eye
When her bruised eaglet breathes.
‘You’re wounded!’ ‘Nay,’ the soldier’s pride
Touch’d to the quick, he said:
‘I’m kill’d, Sire!’ And his chief beside
Smiling the boy fell dead.
The taking of Ratisbon resulted in an orderly Austrian retreat from Bavaria before Archduke Charles’ army was destroyed at Wagram and Napoleon entered Vienna. The battle is notable for one of the extremely rare occasions that the Emperor himself received a slight wound.
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Analysing the Quality of Napoleon's Marshals With Silly Data Science
Let's talk numbers and laugh at funny graphs with missing data!
Other people in this fandom do really lovely detailed information posts, I do weird fanfic, dragon shitposting, body pillow design shitposting and run a stupid Lannes ask rp blog. But! I'm also a programmer with an interest in Numbers, and today we're going to Analyse These Dead Frenchmen with a bunch of screenshots of graphs.
Ethan Arsht published a really interesting article called Napoleon was the Best General Ever, and the Math Proves it., where using data scraped off Wikipedia articles, he creates a statistical model drawing from multiple variables per battle to calculate How Good A General Is At Winning.
Give the article a read, it's great stuff, but if you don't feel like it, he basically applies WAR - "Wins Above Replacement" - which is a value from baseball that measures how many wins a player is worth when compared to a replacement.
So the general's WAR would be how well they compare to a completely average general who replaced them. Yes, as Arsht says, "in other words, I would find the generals’ WAR, in war."
But as he says, this is not a stringent historical analysis and is more of a fun thought experiment. Wikipedia is probably the most comprehensive dataset on this topic that he had access to, but it is Wikipedia the crowdsourced online encyclopedia, so it is going to have holes and inaccuracies. And this was written seven years ago, and the data was collected then, so any updates to these articles since then wouldn't be reflected.
And it's not a perfect model that takes into account everything - it's an approximation, a whole bunch of number crunching. I haven't looked too deeply into how the numbers work exactly, even though I could.
I think that 0 would be "completely and utterly average"? A positive WAR is good, a negative WAR is not. Napoleon is the best general ever at 16.679 WAR, the next highest is Caesar at 7.445 WAR.
(Link, you can hover over each battle and look at each datapoint!)
But I'm interested in Napoleon's marshals. The 26 men he raised up to military nobility! The dramatic assholes who kept arguing with each other. I'll post links for all of them at the end of this, but I won't be screenshotting each of their WAR graphs, just a few.
I'm not entirely sure how the scraper collected the information about what battles a commander is considered in "charge" of - I tried looking at the provided code repository but I am reminded that data science people bless them are not really good at structuring or publishing code and why are all the html pages just straight up saved in the root folder why are the jupyter notebook outputs just uncleared aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Oh yeah this was scraped from seven years ago so current wikipedia pages won't be reflective of what's on the graphs - so we can assume that this is just grabbing stuff from the "Commanders and leaders" part from each individual battle page and collating them into numbers
Anyway let's look at the iron man himself, Davout, considered to be the best of Napoleon's marshals.
(Link)
Heh, here we see the first hole in the dataset - Jena-Auerstedt is considered to be one battle, and Napoleon would like you to think that's the case.
Anyway, pretty good! Let's look at Jean Lannes, the lively Gascon
(Link)
Oooooh, even better than Davout! Helps he didn't go to Russia. Wait, why is Aspern-Essling dated to before Ratisbon, especially when Lannes died in the former?
Let's look at André Masséna, also known as being pretty cool:
(Link)
Damn, neat, though I think there's a lot of omissions here.
Here's Murat:
(Link)
Lol Tolentino, I do like how Murat Peaked there a little bit
But we're forgetting a certain redhead, aren't we?
(Link)
Ouch. But also Waterloo not appearing there, hmmm.
Anyway let's finish off the screenshots with Napoleon's greatest strategist, Jean-de-Dieu Soult, the man that Wellington called a master of the defensive!
(Link)
honestly this is the entire reason why i wanted to write this post
in soult's defense - as a soult defender - he had a pretty shitty army full of conscripts, was isolated, was occasionally pretty bad at adapting tactically to new surprises and had to deal with the english being stubborn fuckers, but he was brilliant in setting things up strategically and forcing the english to catch up through a fighting retreat with a demoralised army, stopping them from closing in on france too
but also the way this graph bullies soult so hard makes me laugh a lot
Anyway, yeah, these graphs are definitely inaccurate and I'm also posting these to see the Napoleonic community on tumblr's reaction to them, but they are a fun way to engage with history!
Just don't take them seriously, and feel free to argue in the tags/comments/reblogs
I could theoretically use this guy's code to rerun this just for the Marshals now - I know my way around some data science code - but I do have a lot on my plate, but it would be a fun experiment!
Marshal WAR Graph Links
Note: So these are under the Wikipedia article names at the time that the web scraper was run seven years ago so some of these names turned out to be different from what they are now and I had to do a bit of digging to fix some
you can definitely tell that the information is incomplete on a lot of these, again i repeat the information was scraped off wikipedia seven years ago
Louis-Nicolas Davout
Jean Lannes
Joachim Murat
Michel Ney
André Masséna
Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey (one battle lol)
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
Charles-Pierre Augereau
Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte aka Charles XIV John of Sweden (Two battles and only Swedish ones I think)
Guillaume Brune
Édouard Mortier (two battles)
Jean-Baptiste Bessières (two battles)
François Christophe de Kellermann (one battle, Valmy)
François Joseph Lefebvre (two battles)
Charles-Victor Perrin (ouch)
Étienne Macdonald
Nicolas Oudinot (lol)
Auguste de Marmont (loll)
Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
Józef Poniatowski (three battles but hmm. pretty bad but feel like there's too much missing info here)
Emmanuel de Grouchy (two battles, can't make a Where's Grouchy joke)
Marshals Without Graphs
Not because they didn't command anything but I couldn't find their graphs on the website or in the code repo
Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
Louis-Gabriel Suchet (wtf? maybe seven years ago the documentation on him was sad)
EDIT: wait i was looking at the notebook (the uh place where the code was being run, to see if i could run the code myself)
soult is one of the lowest ranked generals overall on this initial list pfftHAHAHhahahahahahahaha
#napoleon's marshals#napoleonic era#napoleonic wars#napoleonic shitpost#cadmus rambles#cad rambles about dead frenchmen on main#jean lannes#louis-nicolas davout#joachim murat#michel ney#andre massena#im not tagging all of them#jean-de-dieu soult
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On March 10th 1615 we saw the judicial murder in Glasgow of John Ogilvie, for saying Catholic Mass and for treason.
Few figures in Scottish history have had such a varied life as John Ogilvie. Born into a respected Calvinist family in Keith, Banffshire, he died a Jesuit priest at Glasgow Cross and is today Scotland’s only acknowledged post-reformation Catholic saint.
Ogilvie was educated in mainland Europe. Exposed to the religious controversies of his day and impressed with the faith of the martyrs, he decided to become a Catholic. In 1596, aged seventeen, he was received into the Church at Louvain, Belgium.
He attended a variety of Catholic educational institutions, including the Benedictine College at Ratisbon (Regensburg) in Germany, and Jesuit houses at Olmutz (Olomouc) and Brunn (Brno) in what is now the Czech Republic. He was ordained a Jesuit priest at Paris in 1610 and repeatedly asked to be sent to Scotland. He eventually arrived in November 1613 and ministered clandestinely in the central belt to the few remaining Catholics. His missionary career however lasted less than a year when someone posing as a Catholic betrayed him.
After his arrest he was tortured in prison in an effort to get him to reveal the names of other Catholics, but he refused. Eventually, Father John Ogilvie was convicted of high treason for denying the king’s spiritual jurisdiction by upholding the Pope’s spiritual primacy. he was hanged and drawn at Glasgow Cross on 10 March 1615 aged thirty-six.
He was canonised in 1976 by Pope Paul VI following the inexplicable – later declared miraculous - cure of John Fagan, a working man from Easterhouse in Glasgow devoted to the then-Blessed John Ogilvie whose advanced cancer vanished after prayer to him. Fagan eventually died after suffering a stroke in 1993 aged 79.
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Locks of hair from Goebbels children
Bronze case that belonged to one of Goebbels children's nannies. According to the auction house, this case was a personal gift from Joseph Goebbels to one of their children's nannies. On the top of the case, there is a button bearing a sun wheel swastika. Size of the case: 18x14 cm.
Inside the case there are six locks of hair from Joseph Goebbels children. Sadly, no more information is given.
source: Ratisbons Auction House. Sadly, there isn't any official document that proves that these six locks of hair truly belonged to the Goebbels children, only the consignor's word.
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First Friday of the Month, December Devotion, Our Lady of Ratisbon, Bavaria (1842) and Memorials of the Saints - 1 December
DECEMBER:Month of Devotion to The DIVINE INFANCYand The IMMACULATE CONCEPTION of the BLESSED VIRGIN MARY
First Friday of the Month:“I promise you, in the excessive mercy of my Heart that my all powerful love, will grant to all those who receive Holy Communion on the First Friday, for Nine Consecutive Months, the grace of final repentance; they shall not die in my disgrace, nor without receiving…
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#bljohnbeche#ourladyofratisbon#saints1december#stedmundcampion#steligius#stevasiusofasti#the12promisesofthesacredheartofjesus
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THE DANUBE
AuthorJerrold, Walter, 1865-1929IllustratorWeirter, Louis, 1873-1932LoC No.12007600 TitleThe DanubeOriginal PublicationUnited Kingdom: Methuen and Co., 1911.CreditsCharlene Taylor, Amber Black and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net(This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)LanguageEnglishLoC ClassDB: History: General and Eastern Hemisphere: Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, SlovakiaSubjectDanube River -- Description and travelCategoryTextEBook-No.70968Release DateJun 14, 2023Copyright StatusPublic do
From the time of the Romans onwards, from the time when our authentic chronicles begin, this mighty river has along its many hundreds of miles been the scene of so much history-making that to present the full story of the Danube would be to re-tell a large part of the history of the Continent during two thousand years. Such, it need scarcely be said, is not my aim or intention. To bring within the compass of a single volume some indication of the manifold beauties of the river, some hint of the romance that attaches to its castled crags, its villages, towns and cities, some suggestion of the great happenings of the past, some hint of the fascination of the present, is all that I can hope to do. And even so I am primarily concerned with presenting something of the story of the “scenic” Danube—that great stretch of the river which runs[Pg vii] from near Ratisbon in Bavaria to the Iron Gate between Rumania and Servia, the stretch of which, from voyaging in steamers, from tramping along the river-side roads, and from journeying along it by railway, I have a personal knowledge. In applying the word “scenic” to this greater part of the great river, it is not intended to suggest that the upper waters above Kelheim and the lower waters below the Iron Gate have not also much to offer the traveller, but the portion indicated is that which comprises the most famously picturesque parts of the Danube. It includes the beautiful mountainous stretches above and below Passau in Bavaria and Austria, where the river runs at the foot of the southern slopes of the Böhmer Wald; it includes the wonderful Wachau of Lower Austria, and the finely varied extent of the Hungarian Danube, with the grand Kazan defile, where the river forms a natural barrier between Hungary and Servia. Along the greater part of the great extent which lies between the limits named, comfortable passenger steamers run all through the summer season, and in these steamers the traveller may continue through Rumania and Bulgaria down to the Black Sea, and all the colour and glamour of the Orient. In the upper parts of the river, before we can get afloat on it, the Danube is as it were but an incident in the scenery, but, when once we reach the parts navigable by passenger steamers, the scenery becomes the setting or framework for the mighty stream.
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The Marshalate (Part 2)
Continuing with David G. Chandler’s writings about the marshalate, from my copy of his The Illustrated Napoleon:
But the price he demanded in return for these honors was high. The marshals were required to go on active service in command of the corps d’armee or in senior staff appointments year after year. They were not protected against shot and shell: fully half were wounded one or more times as marshals (Oudinot on no less [sic] than eight occasions), and three - Lannes, Bessieres and Poniatowski - were killed in action or died of wounds sustained in battle. High rank was not a guarantee of personal survival in the early nineteenth century, as military leadership was carried on very much from the forward edge of the battle area (Napoleon himself, of course, being twice wounded - at Toulon [1793] and Ratisbon [1809] - and narrowly avoiding death at Arcola [1796], in front of Acre [1799] and at Arcis-sur-Aube [1814], besides surviving several assassination attempts). Four more met violent deaths outside the field of battle: Murat and Ney in front of firing squads, and Brune at the hands of a royalist mob (all in 1815), while in 1835, Mortier, at the age of sixty-seven, became the victim of an “infernal machine” intended for Louis-Philippe. Berthier’s demise in 1815 remains a mystery; he may have been a fifth.
Apologies for being so detail-obsessed, but it should be “Oudinot on no fewer than eight occasions”. As in “I use less [uncountable quantity] salt in my cooking than before, so I have modified no fewer [it’s possible to count how many] than thirty of my favourite recipes.” It’s possible to count Oudinot’s injuries as a marshal, eight times, so it’s no fewer, not no less. Although some might argue with little exaggeration that Oudinot’s wounds were without number.
There. I got that off my chest, this grammatical mistake that rattles my teeth every time. Now onto something else that bothers me in this paragraph: Chandler alludes to the possibility that Berthier was murdered. While Berthier’s death was certainly violent, I think the likelihood that a team of assassins was sent to throw him from a high window is vanishingly small. I wrote about this at some length in a September 2021 post entitled How Berthier died: An opinion piece.
Back to Chandler:
Even when not on campaign, Napoleon kept his marshals busy with diplomatic, administrative and court duties, which left them little time to enjoy their privileges. He also fanned their rivalries and dislikes - even hatreds - believing in the benefits of “divide and rule”. He intended them to be instruments of his imperial will both on campaign and in battle, and did little to encourage the development of individual talents or independent command skills by way of formal training. Three - Massena, Davout and Suchet - were truly notable commanders in their own right, and would have made names for themselves regardless of any connection with Napoleon; but many of the remainder were far from outstanding commanders at the strategic or operational level, though all were good tacticians and brave individuals able to inspire their troops.
All was well, therefore, while they remained beneath their master’s eye. But when the exigencies of service separated them from the emperor (as in 1812, when Napoleon was fighting in Russia and other French troops were fighting in Spain), problems would often arise. Untrained in independent campaigning, incapable of fighting in a properly integrated command team (as no marshal would acknowledge any other as his superior), the marshals in Spain and elsewhere often allowed their personal feuds to overcome their sense of duty when Napoleon was not present to keep them in line and up to the mark; the results were defeats, disappointments and failures. War-weariness became increasingly noticeable after the disasters of 1812 and had not been unknown among the marshals in earlier years. Only those who were incapacitatingly wounded or had the fortune to incur Napoleon’s wrath and were in consequence left unemployed were able to secure any real rest or time to live with their families and enjoy their privileges. In the end, the system let the emperor down badly. At Fontainebleau in April 1814, a group of marshals, led by Ney, mutinied and enforced Napoleon’s first abdication. During the Bourbon restoration, most of the marshals made their peace with the new regime and several served Louis XVIII in high positions. In 1815, when Napoleon returned from exile on Elba for the “Hundred Days”, only a handful of his former marshals rallied to the tricolor; others continued to be loyal to the Bourbons or made themselves conspicuous by their absence from Paris, ignoring summonses from Davout (Napoleon’s minister of war) or finding excuses for not complying with his orders on behalf of the emperor.
David G. Chandler, The Illustrated Napoleon. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1973, 1990. pp. 90-92.
Of the marshals who were incapacitatingly wounded, I know for a certainty about Augereau, wounded at Eylau, and Marmont who almost lost an arm in Spain. Soult was severely wounded early in his career, though I don’t remember, assuming I ever knew, how long he was allowed for his recovery ( @josefavomjaaga ?)
When Chandler refers to war-weariness even before 1812, I believe he has Lannes in mind (confirmation from @maggiec70 about this?). I don’t know enough about this to figure out if Chandler also was thinking of other marshals, though I would not be surprised if Augereau had had his fill also well before 1812. As to war-weariness after 1812, nothing would be less surprising; I can’t even start to imagine the effect of the calamitous Russian campaign on the minds of the marshals, and indeed of every member of the military who had the misfortune to witness it.
About the handful of marshals who rallied to Napoleon in 1815, here is what I know: as Chandler wrote, Lannes, Bessieres and Poniatowski were dead; Bernadotte was in Sweden and part of the coalition against Napoleon; Berthier was a virtual prisoner in Bavaria, and would soon be dead; Serurier, Perignon and Kellermann had been out of active service for a dozen years at least, and my guess is that Napoleon would not have given them active commands anyway; Gouvion Saint-Cyr, I believe, and certainly Oudinot, chose to remain neutral; Macdonald, Marmont, and Victor remained at the service of Louis XVIII; Murat was otherwise occupied, though I don’t know precisely the chronology of his activities in 1815 ( @joachimnapoleon : help? pretty please?).
Of those who did join Napoleon in his final adventure, but not necessarily from its very start, there were: Brune, whose decision cost him his life at the hands of a mob; Davout, disastrously left in Paris; Grouchy; Mortier, incapacitated at the time of Waterloo; Massena, with the utmost reluctance; Ney, whose decision also cost him his life; Soult; and Suchet.
I am unsure about the stance taken by Jourdan, Lefebvre and Moncey at the time.
Coming soon, the final part of this topic.
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#mpkkrakow #mpk_krakow @krakow_mpk @krakowcityguide #regensburg #regensburgcity #regensburger #ratisbona #rgbg #ratisbon #0941 #imogmeirengschburgertram #stadtbahnregensburg #rvb #rvv #regensburgerverkehrsbetriebe #regensburgerverkehrsverbund #regensburgerbusse #altstadtregensburg #ssvjahnregensburg (at MPK Krakow) https://www.instagram.com/p/CeBQdD9KTJa/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
#mpkkrakow#mpk_krakow#regensburg#regensburgcity#regensburger#ratisbona#rgbg#ratisbon#0941#imogmeirengschburgertram#stadtbahnregensburg#rvb#rvv#regensburgerverkehrsbetriebe#regensburgerverkehrsverbund#regensburgerbusse#altstadtregensburg#ssvjahnregensburg
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The defenses of the bohemian town of Ratisbon looked formidable indeed, Nopoleon silently conceded as he swept his telescope along the aged walls and ditches confronting him. Then the dragons arrived.
🤣 why were we never taught in school that dragons existed during the nepoleonic era!? Wish I had the skills to draw this.
#funny memes#writing#books#bookaddict#booklover#booknerd#dragon oc#dragon#dragons#tumblr#lets try this out#lets try this#bookworm#crossover#reading#napoleon#napoleonic era#just for fun#i cant draw#fic prompt#napoleón bonaparte#readers of tumblr#book genres#book group#funny#rewrite#rewrite history#fantasy#fiction#non fiction
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Saturday 7 May 1836
8 ¼
12
no kiss ready in an hour very fine morning - breakfast at 9 ½ to 10 ½ - from then to 1 20 (had Mr. Newnham from 11 ¼ to near 1, and I sat by them) finished skimming over and making short notes from ‘Austria as it is: or sketches of continental courts . By an Eye witness and yet ‘tis surely neither shame nor sin To learn the world, and those that dwell there in. Goethe London Hurst, chance, and co. St. Paul’s churchyard 1828’. London printed by S. and R. Bentley, Dorset Street’ 1 vol. 8vo pp. 228.
have made several short notes from the above - perhaps worth buying or, at least, reading again after having been at Vienna - then skimmed over (dryly historic) the ‘Descent of the Danube from Ratisbon to Vienna during the autumn of 1827 with anecdotes and Recollections historical and legendary of the towns, castles, monasteries, etc upon the banks of the River, and their inhabitants and proprietors, ancient and modern. By J.R. Planche, author of Lays and Legends of the Rhine’ ‘Oberon’ an opera etc.
‘the glorious gothic scenes! how much the strike
all phatasies, not even expecting mine:
a grey wall a green ruin, rusty pike,
make my soul pass the equinoctial line,
Better the present and past worlds, and hover
upon their airy confine, half-seas-over - Don Juan. Canto x’
London printed for James Duncan, Paternoster Row. 1828’ 1 vol. 8vo pp. 320 London printed by William Clowes, Stamford Street’ -
sat reading an began Frankland’s Travels to Constantinople and read the 1st 92 pp. of volume 1 and wrote part of the above of today till Dr. Belcombe came about 1 ½ and staid above an hour - Lecomte better A- better but Dr. B- observing her look sinking and exhausted made her make a tablespoonful of brandy in as much water and a biscuit or 2 - he sprained his ankle in falling from his pony yesterday - lame - to give A- in travelling if necessary - 3gr. of calomel powder on bread and butter and 2 teaspoon full Epsom salts in the morning in ½ tumbler warm water with a teaspoonful of Brandy in it - might give a [courier] 5gr. calomel - talked of my ascent to the top of Mt. Perdu etc - wrote the last 20 lines till 2 ¾ - A- and I out at 3 - went to the library - 1 ¼ hour there - then walked to Clifton, and bought Daymocks’ little Latin dictionary at Todds’ - home at 5 ¼ - had Mr. Parson’s hairdresser - long but dressed us very well - dinner at 6 ¾ wrote and sent letter to Madame Lecomte 11 Bryanston street Portman square London pp mentioned her sister-in-law’s illness - vide the next page
28 Blake street York Saturday 7 May 1836. Madam - I am very sorry to inform you that your sister-in-law has not been well since her arrival here and that she has been confined to her bed the whole of yesterday and today with a sever attack of erysipelas but the physician tells me, there is not the least danger and that she is doing well; yet it will not be safe to let her attempt to travel on Tuesday - I shall therefore be under the necessity of leaving her here till she is well enough to return to London - I have not yet named this to her, thinking it might be an annoyance and do her harm - I am satisfied that Dr. Belcombe and the people of the house will see her properly taken care of, and I trust she needs not be detained more than ten days - I will pay her expense during this time, and back to London and beg you not to be uneasy - I am afraid she will not be strong enough of travelling with me on the continent - but I will see you on my arrival in London - I am, madam, etc etc A. Lister Madame Lecomte 11 Bryanston street Portman square London post paid’
at the Norcliffe’s (per fly) at 8 ¼ - tea and coffee and a Charlotte Russe by way of gateau - Tib at last talked gibberish and when I would not join her and Charlotte nor I nor times were said not better since I had given it up supposed Miss Walker kept me in order what nonsense I was tired of it but did not shew my weariness they are not society for me now their conversation is uninteresting and a bore fine day - Lecomte doing well but in bed all the day - Mary Cookson came to us this evening - from Leeds - recommended by Mr. Parson - came to help us till Tuesday and if Lecomte did not keep her place, Cookson’s character to be inquired of Mrs. Womersley and if satisfactory C- to be hired at £16
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