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#netherlands is at war with the north sea

balladofthewhitehorse · 3 months

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I think England experiences moments of terror. All of them do, one way or another, but I am focusing on England (surprise, surprise). I think - undoubtedly - that England has moments of abject paranoia and terror, accrued from centuries of being the war-beaten and the war-driven mutt that he is. He would pace the cliffs of Dover, with a haunted look in his eyes, muttering that 'the damn Dutch are going about, plotting to invade' - despite the fact that Netherlands and he get along quite well, now they're not at one another's throats. He was a born and bred guard dog. An attack dog. Those teeth still remember the taste of iron; That's never going to go away for him. I think this is particularly acute by the sea - a bitter irony, as England adores the seaside and adores the things that come with it. He's an incredibly proud individual when it comes to his coastline, and will happily brag about it to the likes of Spain, Portugal, France and Italy and all those mediterranean countries with their gorgeous beaches. Nothing like pebbles, England insists. Or the North Sea. That aside, his moments of dread can come on at any time - but it is the sea that invokes the purest, keenest dread that England has ever felt. A familiar one. A constant companion since he were a bawling, a mewling kid clinging to Wales' side like a burr, with fat knuckles and a wild-look in his eyes. One might even assume that it is the sea that is scaring him - that it is nothing more than a fear of the deep waters. Were it so simple. He is not afraid of the sea. He is afraid of what might come over it. He's seen enemies come over the horizon before. It is always from a distance, the peek of a sail over the horizon before all Hell breaks. An old ship carrying the rattling swords of Norse soldiers; William's army landing on the shores of England, to taunt Harold into battle; Pride is broken beneath the white-glare of England's cliffs, and he hates it. He hates knowing that he can be weak. He hates that he is reliant on the Sea for its protection; And yet, it is not entirely infalliable. Burden on both his pride and sense of security, England will be as if frozen. It will be an uncanny quiet, England stone-faced as he stares out... An unnerving sight, England will be silent and still; For his siblings, this is a bit of a familiar thing. In the past, England was very much a quiet, cunning sort - efficient and smart in battle, only losing his temper when face to face with Scotland, or any other Nation. He remembers what it is like to be weak, and England hates it. For his siblings, his quietness is a warning sign - and they struggle sometimes, to break through this stillness. Wales is usually better at it, than Scotland is.

#hws england #hws scotland #hws wales

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myrddin-wylt · 3 months

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just realized that denmark and england have so much in common

they really do! their flags are basically inverse of each other and their coat of arms are both three lions with the colors yellow, red, and blue.

superficial similarities aside, it may seem like a crack ship on the surface but they have not only similar history but also intertwining history. similarities:

both are seafaring cultures and naval powers (well, formerly)

both have a legendary history of piracy

both are formerly-powerful empires

Protestant countries who told the pope to fuck off

their climate and geography is very similar

personal unions with their neighbors

both have a legendary rivalry with their neighbor across a narrow strait

they have a surprising amount of shared history, too, which I'm going to go on for entirely too long about:

Viking Age settlements, of course, and everything that comes with that such as Varangian Guard etc.

North Sea Empire babeeeyyyy

FUCK William the Bastard, man. Sweyn II of Denmark even sponsored some raids and rebellions against William.

the Danish kings continued to insist they had a claim to the English throne as late as 1206. no one, particularly the Normans, cared what the Danes thought but it's the thought that counts.

England, and later Britain, had a very vested interest in not letting any one country control the Sound (ie the strait between Denmark and Sweden) which meant occasionally boosting Sweden's power in post-war negotiations (RIP Skåne, Halland and Blekinge) but more often meant telling Sweden that an invasion of Denmark would mean war with England.

England occasionally showing up out of nowhere to bombard Copenhagen during Denmark's wars with Sweden because the Netherlands asked them to or something.

throughout some of the 17th century and I think a majority of the 18th century they actually had an alliance via royal marriage or treaty. ftr France did not like this.

poor Anne of Denmark. she gets married to the Scottish King James VI and none of the Scots like her because she's a foreign queen. then James inherits England after the death of Queen Elizabeth, meaning Anne is a foreign x2. apparently she managed pretty well for herself though.

(ftr, my headcanon is that it's during one of Christian IV's visits to see his sister Anne that Arthur introduces Mathias to his new kid, who he named after the king that prevented the Danes from conquering England. Mathias is not sure how to feel about this. Arthur doesn't mean anything by it, he's just in full 'LOOK AT MY FAT BABY' mode.)

POOR CAROLINE MATILDA OF BRITAIN. the Danes were willing to be chill about it and let it go but the Brits were just really fucking mad about it for some reason.

Caroline Matilda of Britain's divorce to Christian VII of Denmark was formalized in 1772, which resulted in the breaking of the alliance and a lot of resentment from the Danish side. this would come back to bite Britain hard when the American Revolution breaks out and suddenly Denmark is under no obligation to do shit for Britain. lol. lmao, even.

actually, the First League of Armed Neutrality (Denmark-Norway, Russia, Sweden and Finland, Prussia, Austria, Portugal etc) isn't really Denmark getting revenge for the Caroline Matilda affair so much as Russia strong-arming Denmark-Norway into it and the Brits pretending to be chill about it.

the Brits stopped pretending to be chill about it come 1800, at which point the Royal Navy showed up in the Sound to, uh, convince Denmark-Norway to not ally with France. very fortunate for Denmark-Norway that the tsar of Russia just so happen to conveniently get assassinated right then, releasing them from their obligation to the First League of Armed Neutrality.

this did not stop the Brits from freaking out again about it in 1801 and showing up out of nowhere to bombard Copenhagen.

and in 1807, the Brits freak out about the possibility of Napoleon pressuring Denmark-Norway into an alliance again, prompting the Royal Navy to show up out of nowhere and, yet again, bombard Copenhagen. this time, though, they seize the entire Danish fleet. RIP Denmark's tenure as a naval power, you will be sorely missed.

in 1810, Sweden really wants to kick Denmark's ass and hopefully abscond with Norway, so they join Britain's anti-Napoleon alliance (as Denmark-Norway had consequently joined Napoleon after the Brits, you know, stole their navy). and Sweden does, in fact, end up able to get Denmark to cede Norway in 1814; unfortunately for them, Norway says 'no thank you' and declares independence instead. at this point, Sweden invades Norway and would really love to invade Denmark but Britain is in the background repeatedly making the throat-slitting gesture again.

Britain: sorry for annihilating Copenhagen and taking your fleet in your and Norway's divorce, would you feel better if we vouch for you at the Congress of Vienna? you can have Swedish Pomerania and the duchy of Laeunburg or something. Denmark: can't we have Norway back?? Britain: lol. lmao even. oh btw thanks for the Beowulf manuscript! 🫶

and the Danes continued to be mad about it for the next hundred years.

despite this, Britain supports Denmark during the First Schleswig War during the post-war negotiations (hosted in London) to make sure Denmark keeps Schleswig-Holstein.

the Second Schleswig War (Austria & Prussia vs. Denmark; 1864) is really interesting because Britain really, really, really wants to militarily support Denmark again, but this annoying little thing called the 'American Civil War' is happening at the same time, which leaves the Brits' hands a bit tied and their army stuck in Canada to defend the border. sorry Denmark. Denmark gets their ass beaten so hard they decide to become pacifist forever. Britain thinks this kinda sucks but can't do anything about it.

Denmark is nominally neutral in the world wars, but in reality makes several hostile moves against Britain due to German pressure. the Brits are surprisingly forgiving about this, esp in WW1, where they just look the other way from the fact that Denmark put a bunch of naval mines in the Sound to impede the Royal Navy.

WW2 is really interesting again, because from the outbreak of war, the Brits write Denmark off as an ally on the assumption they'd back Germany, whether formally or informally. so Denmark's cooperation with the Nazis doesn't really upset the Brits. in fairness, Denmark is very chill about the UK invading the Faroe Islands and Iceland.

the Brits are a little more bothered by the formal Nazi occupation/direct military control of Denmark, and it takes Danish partisans repeated attempts to convince the Brits to take them seriously as a trustworthy ally against the Nazis, at which point the RAF launches Operation Carthage to... once again bombard Copenhagen. this time on behalf of the Danes though.

also, the Danish partisans actually play a pivotal role in D-Day, where they successfully disrupt the railway system long enough to delay the Germans from reinforcing Normandy. very cool!

in any case, guess which one of the Allied Powers is the one to accept the unconditional surrender of the German forces in the Netherlands, northwest Germany, and Denmark? t'would indeed be the Brits! after WW2, the UK used their sway with Denmark to convince them and Norway to join NATO. since then, the US lowkey defers to the UK when it comes to Denmark in NATO matters, and the UK is the main regional coordinator.

Denmark is not particularly thrilled when the UK leaves the EU, because the UK generally had similar economic policies but a lot more political sway against France and Germany. alas.

oh also, just last year they finished construction of the Viking Link, which runs from Lincolnshire to Jutland. so that's neat.

see! they do have more history than you'd expect! not sure wtf was happening during the entire High-Late Middle Ages but shhhh. overall, imo England/Britain's history parallels Denmark's, with one having a lot more success in the international arena than the other. offers a lot of good headcanon/writing fodder.

#ask #anon #history tag #hws england #hws denmark #north sea lovers #deneng #I didn't proofedit this at all #long post

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ltwilliammowett · 1 year

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The Raid of the Medway, 12–14 June 1667

“And, the truth is, I do fear so much that the whole kingdom is undone”

These were the words of Samuel Pepys Chief Secretary to the Admiralty (1633-1703), taken from his diary entry on 12th June 1667, a stark reminder of the victorious Dutch attack launched on the unsuspecting Royal Navy. This attack became known as the Raid on Medway, a humiliating loss for England and one of the worst in the history of the Royal Navy.

The dates here refer to the Julian calendar used in England at that time.

The Prelude

After the end of the first Anglo-Dutch War in 1654, the restoration of the monarchy had taken place in England with the return of King Charles II (1630-1685). The latter needed financial resources for a government independent of Parliament, which he hoped to gain through the spoils of another war against the United Netherlands. He was supported in this by the ambitions of the Royal African Company to damage the Dutch competition. In the spring of 1665, open warfare broke out. After the initial fighting, the Dutch won the Battle of Four Days in June 1666 and thought they had gained the upper hand. A few weeks later, however, the English fleet regained naval supremacy in the North Sea in the "St. James's Day Fight". As a result, the Royal Navy interdicted Dutch shipping and English captains raided places along the coast. The most famous case occurred on 20 August 1666, when Vice-Admiral Robert Holmes (1622-1692) burned down the village of Ter Schelling on the island of Terschelling and sank 140 to 150 merchant ships anchored in nearby Vlie. This event became known and celebrated in England as Holmes's Bonfire. Afterwards, the English fleet retreated to its own waters.

The raid of the Medway, by Willem van der Stoop (–1665) (x)

War weariness grew in the States General as the costs strained the national budget and confidence in the ally France had waned. After the catastrophic losses of the merchant ships at Terschelling, the Dutch opened peace negotiations under Swedish mediation. But English finances were also exhausted. The war had not brought the hoped-for profits, and Parliament refused to grant new funds for warfare after it emerged that some of the money granted had gone to the king's expensive court. Added to this were the losses caused by the severely impaired maritime trade, the great plague epidemic of 1665 and the "Great Fire of London". Against the opposition of Admiral Monck (1608-1670), King Charles II therefore ordered in the winter of 1666/67 that the large ships of the line be dismantled and decommissioned. The war was to be continued only with privateers in order to damage Dutch trade.

Meanwhile, at the peace congress in Breda, the English envoys had been instructed to reach as advantageous a conclusion as possible. Against the background of the last successes in 1666, Charles II dragged out the negotiations in order to end the war with a profit, even though he had had his only means of pressure, the fleet, de-rigged. The United Netherlands were not prepared to make concessions. Soon, however, they came under pressure from elsewhere. King Louis XIV of France (1638-1715) declared war on the Kingdom of Spain in May 1667 and began an invasion of the Spanish Netherlands to appropriate it. The United Netherlands was now forced to bring peace negotiations with England to an immediate conclusion so that it could concentrate on containing French expansionist intentions. To this end, it seemed necessary to Johan de Witt (1625-1672), the council pensioner and head of Dutch policy, to increase the pressure on England by directly attacking the island of Great Britain.

The Plan

The idea of landing troops on the British Isles was not new. Such plans had already been worked out after the victory of the Dutch fleet in the Battle of the Four Days. In the summer of 1666, Admiral Michiel de Ruyter (1606-1676) had taken about 6000 soldiers to the Thames estuary in addition to the fleet, in order to be able to intervene in a supportive manner in the event of a local uprising of the English population against Charles II. But such an uprising failed to materialise, and the transport ships were sent back to Dutch ports after a storm. Only a brief landing on the Isle of Thanet was achieved.

The burning of the English fleet off Chatham, 1667, likely painted by Willem van de Velde the Younger, 1670 (x)

In the summer of 1667, Johan de Witt was well informed by spies about the financial shortages of the English crown and also knew about the decommissioning of most English ships of the line, as well as about the situation of the sailor and dockyard employees who had not been paid for months. Despite his own financial strain, he now prepared the equipment for a Dutch expedition. They were to sail into the Thames Estuary, enter the River Medway and sail to the great dock at Chatham, where many of England's proudest warships lay. Once at their destination, the raiders were to sink or burn as many ships as possible, taking care to capture the best ships as prizes. Such a raid would be a severe blow to the power and prestige of England, for the Royal Navy was the pride of the island nation. Chastened and humiliated by defeat, the English might accept peace on Dutch terms.

The designated contingents of ships were gathered and prepared in various Dutch ports, while in April a squadron under Admiral Van Ghent attempted to enter the Firth of Forth. The main purpose of this enterprise was to provide cover for the main fleet, which assembled at the island of Texel in early June 1667. Admiral de Ruyter sailed along his own coasts, taking in the various contingents as he went. In the end, his fleet consisted of 64 ships of the line and frigates, 15 fireships, 7 escort ships and 13 galliots with a total of 3330 guns and about 17,500 men.

The attack begins

The Assault on Sheerness

The Dutch fleet reached the English coast at Harwich on 7 June 1667. The following day it sailed south along the coast and anchored off the Thames estuary. While doing so, she ran into a storm that forced a large number of ships to cut their anchor ropes and drift. This mainly affected troopships, which were no longer available for the following operations. At a council of war on board the flagship, the further course of action was discussed. Admiral de Ruyter had reservations about sending the entire fleet up the river, as he was not precisely informed about the whereabouts of the smaller English fleet units. Should they return unexpectedly and close the mouth of the Thames, the Dutch fleet would be trapped. Cornelis de Witt proposed that the main force itself should remain off the mouth of the river and a small detachment should guard the English Channel, while a squadron under Admiral Willem Joseph van Ghent (1626-1672) should advance up the Thames. There, this squadron was to attack some West Indian merchant ships at Gravesend, which had been reported by an intercepted Norwegian trader. Admiral van Ghent's squadron consisted of 17 smaller warships, four fireships, some yachts and galiots, and 1000 marines under Colonel Dolman. The squadron set off on the morning of 9 June and initially occupied Canvey Island. However, the wind then shifted and the English merchant ships, which in the meantime had been warned of the approaching Dutch warships, escaped upriver.

Sail to Chatham, Willem Schellinks, c. 1668 (x)

Cornelis de Witt now urged Admiral van Ghent to enter the Medway and attack the English fleet lying there. The entrance to this river was controlled by a fort still under construction at Sheerness on the Isle of Sheppey. However, to defend this key position, the English had only a weak Scottish garrison, 16 guns, the small frigate Unity and two lightships at their disposal. On 10 June, Admiral van Ghent attacked the fort. The Unity fired only a single broadside and then fled up the Medway, pursued by a Dutch fireship. The Dutch ships took the fort under fire for the next two hours and eventually landed 800 naval soldiers under Colonel Dolman. The fort garrison fled without offering serious resistance to the landing troops and the whole of the Isle of Sheppey was occupied by Van Ghent's forces. The battle for this important position had cost the Dutch about 50 men. The value of the 15 cannons and other goods captured in the process was 400,000 livres or four tons of gold, according to contemporary estimates.

Informed of the events on 9 June, George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle (1608-1670) received royal orders to organise the defence. Monck first inspected the installations on the Thames at Gravesend Fort and on the morning of 11 June went to Chatham on the Medway. There he found virtually no organised defence. At Gillingham an iron chain had been drawn across the course of the river, but it was too low. There were only three smaller ships to protect them: the Unity (44 guns), the Charles V and the Matthias (former Dutch merchantmen Carolus Quintus and Geldersche Ruyter). Otherwise, panic reigned. Of the more than 800 dock workers, almost all had fled or refused to help because of their unpaid wages. Out of thirty boats and ships, only ten were still to be found because refugees had used them to escape or local officials had evacuated their personal belongings on them. The Duke ordered the soldiers and officers he had brought with him to set up two coastal batteries on the shore by the chain, but even for this they lacked the necessary tools. To create further obstacles in front of the chain, Admiral Monck ordered fire ships to be sunk there. Two ships, the Norway Merchant and the Marmaduke, were successfully sunk, but the great Sancta Maria, which had also been designated as an obstacle, ran aground. Also on the scene was the large warship Royal Charles (88 guns), but it was completely unarmed.

Stern decoration of the Royal Charles, anonymous, c. 1663 - c. 1664 (x)

Admiral Monck ordered them upriver to safety, but there were not enough personnel to do so. When the Dutch attack came later, she was still lying unmanned on the shore. Among the more than 1100 workers in the docks at Chatham, there were few willing to help. Their pay was months in arrears, as the King lacked the financial means, and now they too refused to serve.

The breakthrough at Gillingham

On the morning of 12 June, the Dutch units began their advance in the Medway. The narrowness of the channel forced the ships to sail one behind the other in a single line. In the lead was the Vrede under the command of her captain Jan van Brakel. The captain had been placed under arrest two days earlier for allowing his men to plunder on the Isle of Sheppey. In order to restore his reputation, he had now voluntarily taken over the top position. Brakel's ship soon came under the crossfire of the three English defensive ships and the two coastal batteries.

However, he steered straight for the Unity without firing and gave her a broadside at point-blank range. The English crew then fled the ship and left it to the Dutch. Under cover of the powder smoke, the two following brander under Brakel's command also approached and sank the English ships Charles V and Matthias in quick succession. The iron chain was subsequently broken during the first ramming attempt (there are some discrepancies in the tradition here, some historians also think that it was simply sailed over because it lay so far in the water and were actually useless).

From the left ; "Agatha" , "Beschermer" , "Charles V" , "Propatia" , The "Royal Charles" , "Matthias" and a Dutch Admirals yacht, by Jan de Quelery (x)

The Dutch ships now had free passage up the Medway, because behind the chain there was a wide gap between the sunk English ships, which should have been closed by the sinking of the Sancta Maria. The following Dutch frigates soon silenced the English coastal batteries with their fire, whose fire had been almost ineffective anyway due to structural deficiencies. The biggest prize of the day for the Dutch fleet was the Royal Charles which had often served as a flagship for the English fleet commanders. Btw the Dutch did not take her into naval service because it was considered that she drew too much water for general use on the Dutch coast. Instead the Royal Charles was permanently drydocked near Hellevoetsluis as a public attraction, with day trips being organised for large parties, often of foreign state guests. After vehement protests by Charles that this insulted his honour, the official visits were ended when she was auctioned for scrap in 1673.

Raid at Upnor Castle

Meanwhile, the English were making defensive preparations at Upnor Castle. The Duke of Albemarle and Peter Pett, the commander of the docks, put the castle's guns on standby and set up another battery on the far bank. The attempt to stretch another chain across the river failed. Now they wanted to bring the warships towards Chatham, but again there were not enough men. To at least save the largest warships from capture, the Duke of Albemarle ordered them to be sunk in low water where they could be raised again later.

The Dutch before Upnor Castle, by Jan de Quelery (x)

Late in the afternoon of 12 June, the Dutch advance was halted by the state of the tide. On board the captured Royal Charles, Van Ghent, De Ruyter and De Witt met to discuss further action. These three commanders decided to push further upriver the following day and attack the Chatham Dockyards and the large warships located there. At midday on 13 June, the remaining Dutch braders, protected by four frigates and a larger number of smaller ships, attacked the English positions. They were soon caught in the crossfire between Upnor Castle and the battery hastily raised on the opposite bank of the river. A detachment of naval soldiers landed and moved to attack the English ammunition magazine at Upnor Castle, which they successfully blew up before withdrawing again.

The bombardment of Upnore Castle by Arnold de Lange (x)

In the meantime, the Dutch ships fired on the English gun batteries. While the battle was still going on, a calm set in, forcing De Ruyter and other officers to transfer to longboats in order to direct the actions of their units from them. After a fierce firefight, the Dutch fireships succeeded in attacking the three large warships lying on the shore, Loyal London (92 guns), Royal Oak (76 guns) and Royal James (82 guns). The water in which these ships had been sunk by the English themselves was not shallow enough to offer protection even against an arson attack. All three ships fell victim to the Dutch fireships after their hull crews fled. The Duke of Albemarle, meanwhile, tried to tow the remaining warships upriver under the protection of Chatham's guns. He lined up battle-ready warships on the banks and gathered militia troops to halt the Dutch advance. In fact, the Dutch ships went no further against the stiffening English resistance. Late in the afternoon they retreated with the rising tide as far as Gillingham. There they made the captured English ships Royal Charles and Unity seaworthy and left the Medway on 14 June. The losses from the battle in front of Upnor Castle amounted to about 500 men on the English side, while it is assumed that the Dutch lost between 50 and 150 men.

The aftermath

The Dutch raid on the English ships in the Medway became the biggest debacle of the war for the Royal Navy. It lost more ships than in all previous naval battles combined. The Royal Charles and the Unity had been captured by Dutchmen and the Loyal London, Royal James, Royal Oak, Charles V, Matthias, Marmaduke, Sancta Maria as well as five fireships, two ketches, a fleute and a smaller ship sunk or burnt. In contrast, the Dutch had deployed a total of ten fireships. In addition, there were further indirect losses of the Royal Navy. The Vanguard, for example, had drifted while attempting to ground her and eventually wrecked at Rochester so that she could no longer be lifted. Further north, beyond Gravesend, Prince Rupert had wanted to block the Thames to a possible Dutch advance by sinking the Golden Phoenix, House of Sweeds, Welcome and Leicester there. This turned out to be a sheer waste of important warships, as the Dutch never advanced further than Gravesend. All in all, these losses - especially those of the three large warships - changed the strategic balance between England and the United Netherlands in favour of the Dutch for years to come.

After this success, the Dutch were able to display their unrestricted superiority. One part of the Dutch fleet took action against the English merchant ships on the Channel coast, while another under Admiral Van Nes continued to blockade the Thames for English shipping. In smaller operations, Dutch troops still landed in some places or sailed warships up the Thames in the following weeks.

In London, the events on the banks of the Medway led to a severe economic collapse and panic among the population. Rumours said Chatham was on fire, as were Gravesend, Harwich, Queenborough, Colchester and Dover. Dutch landings at Portsmouth, Plymouth and Dartmouth were reported, and even claims that the king had fled; the Papists were about to take power. Even an imminent French landing was expected.

After the Raid on the Medway, Admiral Michiel de Ruyter, Admiral van Ghent and Cornelis de Witt each received a golden cup from the States of Holland (x)

The Dutch had taken up a position in the Thames by which they cut London off from trade. Coal supplies from the Tyne in particular were failing, and soon the price of coal increased tenfold. The English fleet was weakened by the raid and there was hardly any money available for its replenishment. King Charles II therefore had little choice but to instruct his envoys at the peace conference in Breda to conclude the treaty as soon as possible. The Peace of Breda was signed on 21 July 1667, and on 16 August the Dutch fleet abandoned the blockade of the English ports and the Thames estuary in accordance with the treaty. But England’s desire for revenge helped motivate another Anglo-Dutch War the following decade. But also an upgrade of the Navy as well as a change in the pay and living conditions of the Sailors which laid the foundation for one of the most powerful navies in the world.

#naval history #raid of the medway #12-14 june 1667 #age of sail #event overview #and it is a very long post #sorry

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the-derpy-duck · 6 months

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Currently in my TFA long rant era don’t mind me.

The guy who took over Sumdac’s business: Dipshit

The Headmaster: Fuckface

So. The headmaster guy who is working with the guy who replaced prof. Sumdac piss me off because of one single thing they did. To get out of being arrested, the guy who is running Sumdac’s business pressures Fanzone so he won’t arrest the headmaster. Every argument made is invalid (legally) solely on the basis that the police don’t need to tell you why your being arrested in America, you can’t be held for more than three days without being told why you were arrested. So when Dipshit argues with Fanzone about why Fuckface can’t be arrested it’s invalid because he isn’t a person who would have any authority on that and Fanzone is not legally obligated to provide an explanation. If or not that should be allowed is a different question, I think if you get arrested you should know WHY you are being arrested but I’m also 18 and an idiot.

Anyway, Dipshit’s main argument as to why Fuckface cannot be arrested is “he was in international waters between America and Canada.” and that he didn’t steal the boat he was on because it had been out of commission for years and was just sort of there. Ok. You just fucked yourself but fine. First off, international water is not a lawless zone. Their is international laws (war crimes, for example) and the laws of the sea have been around since we’ve been able to sail. You MUST fly a flag of a nation on your vessel if you’re in international waters, that flag would need to be the flag of the nation that the ship is registered in. This has been around since at least the 1800s. An American ship lost its flag and was docked in the Netherlands, because the ship couldn’t leave without the flag (I think it may of had something to do with pirates but I could be wrong) the Dutch re a,de the American flag from a description. Although it might not of been an official law or a law of the same name, it was still a rule that was enforced. This is not a new thing. I do not recall seeing an American flag on that ship. Also Fuckface would have been sailing a decommissioned ship that was not up to standards and he definitely doesn’t have the correct certifications to be sailing it. But that’s a bit bit picky and it’s not even the worst part of the argument.

Dear reader, assuming anyone reads this, I would like you to find a map, or a globe. Please find North America and find where America and Canada are. TFA is set in Detroit, Michigan. So the body of water would have to be a Great Lake. Please, turn your attention to that fact that the border between the USA and Canada is a FUCKING LINE. International waters are at least 200 miles out from the shore of the nation, the border between the US and Canada is similar to that of the border between Tennessee and Georgia. That is to say, it’s really fucking thin and was decided on by a line. International waters between America and Canada do not exist in the Great Lakes, you are either in America or you are in Canada. If Fuckface was in Canada then he just illegally crossed a border and was carrying technology, the purpose of this tech is explicitly stated to be for war. So he’s potentially sending technology to terrorist that are based in the country that is arguably America’s closest ally and the country that we trade the most with (some graphs say it’s China, it’s not. We trade the most with Canada.). So not only has Dipshit admitted that Fuckface illegally transporting military grade weapons to our ally, he also admits that Fuckface is a major security threat and potentially a terrorist who is plotting to overthrow the Canadian government. Is that a stretch? Absolutely. But they tell you “anything you say can and will be used against you” for a fucking reason. It is your constitutional right to shut the fuck up and not incriminate yourself. This is no longer a DPD issue, it’s now gonna either be handled by the CIA or FBI and probably the government of Canada. Do you understand the damage that could be done if our biggest trade partner became aware that we let someone who everyone has reasons to believe was transporting weapons illegally go without any sort of push back? It’s one person but that could majorly damage our working relationship with Canada and other countries because it would be international news. We are in a trade agreement with Canada and Mexico that is very good for us. We don’t want to jeopardize that. I don’t think you understand how this could impact our foreign trade. Regardless it’ll make America look incompetent and also an easy target for security breaches.

Fanazon had a good reason to arrest Fuckface, he had multiple ones. Fuckface should have been arrested and then he could finally stop showing up. I hate him and I hate the episodes he’s in because he’s in them. Fuck you headmaster >:(

#transformers #maccadam #text post #duck screams about things #tfa #transformers animated #rant post #international waters #none of this matters #but it personally upsets me #auggghhhhh

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dreaminginthedeepsouth · 5 months

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LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN

January 11, 2024

HEATHER COX RICHARDSON

JAN 12, 2024

“Today, at my direction,” President Joe Biden said this evening, “U.S. military forces—together with the United Kingdom and with support from Australia, Bahrain, Canada, and the Netherlands—successfully conducted strikes against a number of targets in Yemen used by Houthi rebels to endanger freedom of navigation in one of the world’s most vital waterways.”

The strikes came after the Iran-backed Houthi militia launched 27 attacks on vessels in the Red Sea, including merchant shipping vessels that carry about 12% of the world’s oil, 8% of its grain, and 8% of liquefied natural gas, as well as other commodities.

While the Houthis claim their attacks are designed to support the Palestinians in Gaza, they are also apparently angling to continue and spread the Hamas-Israel war into a wider conflict. Hamas, the Houthis, and Hezbollah, all nonstate actors backed by Iran, would like very much to extend and enlarge the war to enhance their own power and win adherents to their ideologies.

The Arab states do not want the conflict to spread. Neither does the U.S. government, and Biden and Secretary of State Antony Blinken have worked hard to make sure it doesn’t, sending two carrier groups to the region, for example, to deter enthusiasm for such an extension.

On October 19, shortly after the October 7 Hamas attack on Israel, Houthis launched cruise missiles and drones designed by Iran at Israel, but when the USS Carney and Saudi Arabia shot the weapons down, they turned to attacking shipping. Fifty or so ships use the Red Sea waterway every day.

On November 19, Houthis seized a Japanese-registered vessel, the Galaxy Leader, along with its 25-member international crew, prompting the United Nations Security Council to condemn “in the strongest terms” the “recent Houthi attacks” and “demanded that all such attacks and action cease immediately.” The Security Council “underlined the importance of…international law.”

On December 3, Houthis struck another three ships.

On December 19, the U.S., the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and a group representing 44 allies and partner nations condemned the Houthi attacks, noting that such attacks threatened international commerce, endangering supply chains and affecting the global economy. Also on December 19, the U.S. and partners announced a naval protection group for maritime shipping in the waterway, dubbed Operation Prosperity Guardian.

When the attacks continued, the governments of the U.S., Australia, Bahrain, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Singapore, and the United Kingdom warned the Houthis on January 3, 2024, that their attacks were “illegal, unacceptable, and profoundly destabilizing,” delaying the delivery of goods and “jeopardizing the movement of critical food, fuel, and humanitarian assistance throughout the world.” They called for an end to the attacks and the release of the detained vessels and crew members, and they warned that the Houthis would bear responsibility for the “consequences” if the attacks continued.

“We remain committed to the international rules-based order and are determined to hold malign actors accountable for unlawful seizures and attacks,” the statement said.

Administration officials told the press the U.S. would strike the Houthis militarily if the attacks didn’t stop, although Biden has not wanted to destabilize Yemen further than it already is after a decade of civil war. “The president has made clear the U.S. does not seek conflict with any nation or actor in the Middle East,” John Kirby, spokesperson for the White House National Security Council, said. “But neither will we shrink from the task of defending ourselves, our interests, our partners or the free flow of international commerce.” An administration official said: “I would not anticipate another warning.”

On Tuesday, January 9, the Houthis launched 21 drones and missiles in the most significant attack yet—one that directly targeted U.S. ships—and on January 10 the U.N. Security Council passed UNSCR 2722, a resolution condemning the attacks “in the strongest terms.” Eleven members voted in favor and none opposed it. Four countries—China, Russia, Algeria, and Mozambique—abstained, but neither China nor Russia, both of which have veto power, would veto the resolution.

Today the U.S. and the U.K., with coalition support, responded. Military strikes came from the air, ocean, and underwater, according to a defense official, and they hit weapons storage areas and sites from which the Houthis have been launching drones and cruise missiles.

The governments of Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, the U.K, and the U.S. announced the “precision strikes,” saying they were “in accordance with the inherent right of individual and collective self-defense, consistent with the UN Charter” and “were intended to disrupt and degrade the capabilities the Houthis use to threaten global trade and the lives of international mariners in one of the world’s most critical waterways.”

“Our aim remains to de-escalate tensions and restore stability in the Red Sea,” the statement read, “but let our message be clear: we will not hesitate to defend lives and protect the free flow of commerce in one of the world’s most critical waterways in the face of continued threats.” Biden’s statement sounded much the same but added: “I will not hesitate to direct further measures to protect our people and the free flow of international commerce as necessary.”

As the January 3 statement from the governments of the U.S., Australia, Bahrain, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Singapore, and the U.K. made clear, one of the key things at stake in standing against the Houthi attacks is the international rules-based order, that is, the system of international laws and organizations developed after World War II to prevent global conflicts by providing forums to resolve differences peacefully. A key element of this international system of agreements is freedom of the seas.

Also central to that rules-based international order is partnerships and allies. Two days ago, one of Europe’s leading politicians revealed that in 2020, former president Trump told European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen: “You need to understand that if Europe is under attack, we will never come to help you and to support you.” According to the politician, Trump added that “NATO is dead, and we will leave, we will quit NATO,” a threat he has made elsewhere, too.

In contrast, as soon as he took office, President Biden set out to support and extend U.S. alliances and partnerships. While that principle shows in the international support for today’s strike on the Houthis, it has also been central in the administration’s response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, managing migration, supporting African development, building the Indo-Pacific, and reacting to the Middle East crisis in general.

Today, Secretary of State Blinken finished a week-long trip to Türkiye, Greece, Jordan, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Israel, the West Bank, Bahrain, and Egypt, where he met with leaders and reaffirmed “the U.S. commitment to working with partners to set the conditions necessary for peace in the Middle East, which includes comprehensive, tangible steps toward the realization of a future Palestinian state alongside the State of Israel, with both living in peace and security.”

LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN

HEATHER COX RICHARDSON

#NATO #Letters From An American #Heather Cox Richardson #alliances #diplomacy #the middle east #political

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dutch-and-flemish-painters · 2 years

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François Musin - On the beach at Katwijk -

oil on panel,

Katwijk, also spelled Katwyk, is a coastal municipality and town in the province of South Holland, which is situated in the mid-western part of the Netherlands.

The Oude Rijn ("Old Rhine") river flows through the town and into the North Sea.

Katwijk is located on the North Sea, northwest of Leiden and 16 km north of The Hague. It shares its borders with the municipalities of Noordwijk, Teylingen, Oegstgeest, Leiden, and Wassenaar. In August 2020, Katwijk had a population of 65.929 and covers an area of 31.15 km2 (12.03 sq mi), of which 6.40 km2 (2.47 sq mi) is water. Katwijk is by far the largest town in the Duin- en Bollenstreek ("Dune and Bulb Region").

Katwijk is a seaside resort with a wide sandy beach. Its attractiveness is mainly due to its laid-back atmosphere. The boulevard along the shore is not spoiled by large hotels or apartment blocks and has not given in to an excessive commercialisation. Although most buildings lining the boulevard are tourist apartments and pensions, most are just three floors high (and none more than five) and offer a distinctive 'feel' of the 1950s. Besides the beach, there are a few museums in Katwijk, like the old fisherman's museum Katwijks Museum and the Spinoza-museum. A few kilometers inland is the Valkenburg Lake Steam Train, a narrow-gauge railway museum where a scenic steam locomotive driven train ride can be taken around Lake Valkenburg. Katwijk has many hotels and three camping places, mostly situated in the dunes.

François-Etienne Musin (4 October 1820, Ostend - 24 October 1888, Saint-Josse-ten-Noode) was a Belgian painter who specialized in seascapes and scenes of coastal landscapes, rivers and harbours.

Musin's father was an innkeeper, shipbuilder and oyster farmer who had spent some time in a penal regiment for desertion during the Napoleonic Wars. As a child, he paid more attention to the sea than his studies. His artistic talent was discovered when he was locked in the attic as punishment and used a piece of charcoal to draw a view of the Ostend docks on the wall.

In 1831, he received his first lessons from Michel Van Cuyck and François-Antoine Bossuet, who would later become famous for his vedute, but was still working for the Port of Ostend at that time. He later attended the local Beaux Arts Academy and graduated after winning a gold medal in 1835. By this time he had already gained some dangerous experience with ships and sailing while tending to his father's oyster beds.

He continued his studies at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, where he studied under François-Joseph Navez. While there, he made drawings of surgical procedures in the operating room of Doctor Louis-Joseph Seutin, with the intention of publishing them in a textbook. In 1839, he was drafted in the Army, but his father paid for a replacement (a common practice at the time). In 1840, he began to exhibit and moved to Brussels permanently in 1842, completing his studies the following year. His career was substantially advanced when King Leopold I bought two of his paintings in 1845.

#François Musin #19th #belgium #seascape #beach #katwijk #history

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libertariantaoist · 10 months

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News Roundup 8/23/2023 | The Libertarian Institute

Here is your daily roundup of today's news:

News Roundup 8/23/2023

by Kyle Anzalone

Russia

On Sunday, Denmark and the Netherlands became the first countries to pledge they will provide Ukraine with US-made F-16 fighter jets following formal US approval of the transfer. AWC

A Ukrainian military official suggested to The Washington Post that Ukrainian forces are not documenting where they’re using US-provided cluster bombs in Ukraine despite assurances the Biden administration said it received. AWC

Warsaw plans to buy nearly 100 Apache attack helicopters manufactured by Boeing for $12 billion. Until Poland receives the helicopters, the US will provide Apaches to its NATO ally. The Institute

US and Western officials speaking to The New York Times blamed Ukraine’s struggling counteroffensive on Kyiv’s tactics, saying Ukrainian troops are too spread out. AWC

Polish President Andrzej Duda said Tuesday that Russia has been moving nuclear weapons into Belarus and said the deployment changes the “security architecture” of the region. AWC

Airports in Moscow temporarily halted service for the second day in a row on Tuesday as Ukrainian drones again targeted the region, part of Kyiv’s strategy to bring the war to Russian civilians. AWC

The Russian Defense Ministry said Tuesday that its forces destroyed a US-made military boat carrying a Ukrainian assault team near Snake Island in the northern Black Sea. AWC

China

On Monday, Australia’s biggest warship participated in drills with the Philippines and the US in the disputed South China Sea as part of Canberra and Manila’s first-ever bilateral amphibious exercises. AWC

China on Monday hit back at the US, South Korea, and Japan after the leaders of the three nations accused Beijing of “dangerous and aggressive” behavior in the South China Sea. AWC

Korea

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un oversaw a cruise missile test while aboard a naval ship on Monday. Concurrently, the US and South Korea began yet another series of military exercises which Pyongyang views as rehearsals for war and regime change. The Institute

Middle East

Israeli airstrikes near the Syrian capital of Damascus late Monday wounded at least one Syrian soldier, Syria’s SANA news agency has reported. AWC

Human Rights Watch (HRW) reports that Saudi border forces are systematically murdering migrants attempting to cross into the Kingdom from Yemen. The monitoring group said killing refugees had become an official policy of Riyadh. The Institute

Africa

US Africa Command (AFRICOM) said in a press release last week that it launched an airstrike in Somalia on August 15. AWC

Algeria’s national radio reported on Monday that France is planning a military intervention in Niger if Nigerian President Mohamed Bazoum is not released by the junta that ousted him in a July 26 coup. AWC

#kyle anzalone #libertarian institute #news roundup

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usafphantom2 · 10 months

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Royal Air Force continues to supply weapons to Ukraine

Diego Alves By Diego Alves 08/01/2023 - 18:00 in Military, War Zones

The United Kingdom continues to provide Ukraine with weapons to defend itself against the invasion of Russian forces. The supply flights began before the invasion and have not stopped since then. However, they now land in Poland, near the border with Ukraine.

To date, the United Kingdom has committed £2.3 billion in military assistance to Ukraine, with £250 million of that amount allocated to the International Fund for Ukraine. The Government has indicated its intention to overcome this financial commitment in the next fiscal year of 2023/24 and is expected to provide more details in the next Spring Declaration.

As the second largest contributor to military assistance, the United Kingdom provided weapons, such as anti-tank missiles, artillery, air defense systems, armored combat vehicles and anti-structure ammunition, including three M270 long-range multiple-launch rocket systems. In January 2023, the United Kingdom announced a substantial increase in combat support, with the supply of 14 Challenger II tanks.

In addition, the United Kingdom has contributed more than 200,000 units of “non-lethal aid”, including bulletproof vests, helmets, night vision equipment, medical supplies and winter clothing. In November 2022, the Ministry of Defense confirmed the delivery of the first of three "retired" Sea King search and rescue helicopters to Ukraine.

Operation Interflex, the United Kingdom's long-term training program for the Ukrainian armed forces, has the potential to train up to 10,000 new Ukrainian soldiers already in service every 120 days. The program includes the participation of the Netherlands, Canada, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Lithuania and New Zealand, with the entry of Australia in January 2023. The United Kingdom expanded the program to include Ukrainian pilots and marines, as confirmed in February 2023.

In response to the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the destabilization of eastern Ukraine, the United Kingdom has been providing military assistance to Ukraine since October 2014. The initial support included a package of non-lethal military equipment and, in 2015, the United Kingdom launched Operation Orbital, which focused on non-lethal training and training of the Ukrainian armed forces.

Source: UKDJ

Tags: RAF - Royal Air Force/Royal Air ForceUkraineWar Zones - Russia/Ukraine

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robocracker · 1 year

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ranking esc2023 songs... part one

it’s officially eurovision week, and the first semi final is less than 24 hours away!! so, i’m ranking the songs of that first semi into my personal qualifiers and non-qualifiers.

1. sweden || tbh i was never all that keen on euphoria but i can’t help but root for loreen with tattoo, it’s a quality tune and it just screams eurovision champion to me.

2. finland || love that he’s one of the favourites to win this year because he deserves it, the song is experimental and fun, and it works!

3. czech republic || there’s only one crown i’m swearing allegiance to this month, and it’s my sister’s crown! love the mix of languages on this one, and the sisterhood theme, i’m all for it.

4. norway || okay i lied i’m actually here for two queens this month. where are the north and south seas?? who are the kings that she’s queen of?? i have no idea, but i’m singing along anyway.

5. netherlands || what can i say, i’m a sucker for something slow and sad. i know they keep sending stuff like this year after year and it’s not always to my taste, but this year it’s working.

6. serbia || lowkey worried he’s going to get the juri pootsman treatment from voters because it’s kind of a creepy song, but maybe he can make it work better than poor juri did. i’d definitely like to see it in the final.

7. azerbaijan || this keeps getting stuck in my head, and tbh, it’s welcome to stick around. it’s unusual for eurovision, but it’s good.

8. switzerland || is it out of touch and privileged, bearing in mind the very real war that ukraine is currently fighting? probably. i don’t feel qualified to talk on that subject. but he’s got a solid voice and the song builds nicely, and it’s got a theme that a lot of people will go for regardless of how it sits right now.

9. portugal || enjoying her voice, and the beat is fun without forcing the quirkiness. i like the style of the music.

10. moldova || maybe it’s the lingering bitterness in me that france got so few votes last year despite delivering a cultural banger, but i need moldova to qualify!! this song is great!

11. malta || their vocals aren’t my favourite but the music itself is funky and it’s not completely forgettable.

12. israel || she can sing, but. i’m not feeling the unicorn imagery. definitely not ~phenomenal~ for me.

13. croatia || i get it, catchy beat, unusual, making fun of putin, but it’s just not working for me. i can’t explain it.

14. ireland || it’s not the fact that it’s painfully generic pop, it’s the fact that i swear to god it’s ripping the fuck off of one specific song that i can’t name off the top of my head but i know i’ve heard before. i’d like it if i hadn’t heard it already by somebody else several years ago!

15. latvia || his voice isn’t bad but i’m physically incapable of putting this song on without zoning out from sheer boredom before i’m even halfway through.

#eurovision #esc 2023 #if i'm being 100% honest there's very few songs i fully enjoy this year #and as has been happening the past few years my opinions are likely to change once i've actually heard them singing live #so. we'll see how long this ranking lasts.#definitely hard rooting for my top five of this semi and also serbia to some extent but i'm not super fussed on the rest #well. fussed if my absolute least favourites of this year's crop somehow make it through. but i will get over it.

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brookstonalmanac · 1 year

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Events 1.17

38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on the shores of the North Sea. 1377 – Pope Gregory XI reaches Rome, after deciding to move the Papacy back to Rome from Avignon. 1524 – Giovanni da Verrazzano sets sail westward from Madeira to find a sea route to the Pacific Ocean. 1562 – France grants religious toleration to the Huguenots in the Edict of Saint-Germain. 1595 – During the French Wars of Religion, Henry IV of France declares war on Spain. 1608 – Emperor Susenyos I of Ethiopia surprises an Oromo army at Ebenat; his army reportedly kills 12,000 Oromo at the cost of 400 of his men. 1648 – England's Long Parliament passes the "Vote of No Addresses", breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War. 1649 – The Second Ormonde Peace creates an alliance between the Irish Royalists and Confederates during the War of the Three Kingdoms. The coalition was then decisively defeated during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. 1773 – Captain James Cook leads the first expedition to sail south of the Antarctic Circle. 1781 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cowpens: Continental troops under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan defeat British forces under Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton at the battle in South Carolina. 1799 – Maltese patriot Dun Mikiel Xerri, along with a number of other patriots, is executed. 1811 – Mexican War of Independence: In the Battle of Calderón Bridge, a heavily outnumbered Spanish force of 6,000 troops defeats nearly 100,000 Mexican revolutionaries. 1852 – The United Kingdom signs the Sand River Convention with the South African Republic. 1873 – A group of Modoc warriors defeats the United States Army in the First Battle of the Stronghold, part of the Modoc War. 1885 – A British force defeats a large Dervish army at the Battle of Abu Klea in the Sudan. 1893 – Lorrin A. Thurston, along with the Citizens' Committee of Public Safety, led the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the government of Queen Liliʻuokalani. 1899 – The United States takes possession of Wake Island in the Pacific Ocean. 1903 – El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico becomes part of the United States National Forest System as the Luquillo Forest Reserve. 1904 – Anton Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard receives its premiere performance at the Moscow Art Theatre. 1912 – British polar explorer Captain Robert Falcon Scott reaches the South Pole, one month after Roald Amundsen. 1915 – Russia defeats Ottoman Turkey in the Battle of Sarikamish during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I. 1917 – The United States pays Denmark $25 million for the Virgin Islands. 1918 – Finnish Civil War: The first serious battles take place between the Red Guards and the White Guard. 1920 – Alcohol Prohibition begins in the United States as the Volstead Act goes into effect. 1941 – Franco-Thai War: Vichy French forces inflict a decisive defeat over the Royal Thai Navy. 1943 – World War II: Greek submarine Papanikolis captures the 200-ton sailing vessel Agios Stefanos and mans her with part of her crew. 1944 – World War II: Allied forces launch the first of four assaults on Monte Cassino with the intention of breaking through the Winter Line and seizing Rome, an effort that would ultimately take four months and cost 105,000 Allied casualties. 1945 – World War II: The Vistula–Oder Offensive forces German troops out of Warsaw. 1945 – The SS-Totenkopfverbände begin the evacuation of the Auschwitz concentration camp as the Red Army closes in. 1945 – Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg is taken into Soviet custody while in Hungary; he is never publicly seen again. 1946 – The UN Security Council holds its first session. 1948 – The Renville Agreement between the Netherlands and Indonesia is ratified. 1950 – The Great Brink's Robbery: Eleven thieves steal more than $2 million from an armored car company's offices in Boston. 1950 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 79 relating to arms control is adopted. 1961 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers a televised farewell address to the nation three days before leaving office, in which he warns against the accumulation of power by the "military–industrial complex" as well as the dangers of massive spending, especially deficit spending. 1961 – Former Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba is murdered in circumstances suggesting the support and complicity of the governments of Belgium and the United States. 1966 – Palomares incident: A B-52 bomber collides with a KC-135 Stratotanker over Spain, killing seven airmen, and dropping three 70-kiloton nuclear bombs near the town of Palomares and another one into the sea. 1969 – Black Panther Party members Bunchy Carter and John Huggins are killed during a meeting in Campbell Hall on the campus of UCLA. 1977 – Capital punishment in the United States resumes after a ten-year hiatus, as convicted murderer Gary Gilmore is executed by firing squad in Utah. 1981 – President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos lifts martial law eight years and five months after declaring it. 1991 – Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm begins early in the morning as aircraft strike positions across Iraq, it is also the first major combat sortie for the F-117. LCDR Scott Speicher's F/A-18C Hornet from VFA-81 is shot down by a Mig-25 and is the first American casualty of the War. Iraq fires eight Scud missiles into Israel in an unsuccessful bid to provoke Israeli retaliation. 1991 – Crown prince Harald V of Norway becomes King Harald V, following the death of his father, King Olav V. 1992 – During a visit to South Korea, Japanese Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa apologizes for forcing Korean women into sexual slavery during World War II. 1994 – The 6.7 Mw  Northridge earthquake shakes the Greater Los Angeles Area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), leaving 57 people dead and more than 8,700 injured. 1995 – The 6.9 Mw  Great Hanshin earthquake shakes the southern Hyōgo Prefecture with a maximum Shindo of VII, leaving 5,502–6,434 people dead, and 251,301–310,000 displaced. 1996 – The Czech Republic applies for membership in the European Union. 1997 – Cape Canaveral Air Force Station: A Delta II carrying the GPS IIR-1 satellite explodes 13 seconds after launch, dropping 250 tons of burning rocket remains around the launch pad. 1998 – Clinton–Lewinsky scandal: Matt Drudge breaks the story of the Bill Clinton–Monica Lewinsky affair on his Drudge Report website. 2002 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, displacing an estimated 400,000 people. 2007 – The Doomsday Clock is set to five minutes to midnight in response to North Korea's nuclear testing. 2010 – Rioting begins between Muslim and Christian groups in Jos, Nigeria, results in at least 200 deaths. 2013 – Former cyclist Lance Armstrong confesses to his doping in an airing of Oprah's Next Chapter. 2016 – President Barack Obama announces the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. 2017 – The search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 is announced to be suspended.

#Events

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realhist · 2 years

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The so-called Spanish Road was a route that linked the Duchy of Milan to the Spanish Netherlands in the 16th and 17th centuries.

When Philip II of Spain began imposing Counter-Reformation policies in his massive domains, there was little issue in most of his lands. This was not the case in the Netherlands. In 1568, the majority-Calvinist provinces rose in revolt, triggering the Eighty-Years War.

Philip was immediately faced with a problem: how to get his armies to the Low Countries? Transporting them by sea inevitably involved running a gauntlet of hostile French, English and Dutch fleets. The risks were unacceptable.

The only solution was to go overland. Fortunately, Philip had also received the Counties of Franche-Comte and Luxembourg as well as the Duchy of Milan. After securing alliances with the Count of Savoy and the Duke of Lorraine, the Spanish now had a means of marching the roughly 1000km from Italy to the Netherlands entirely within friendly territory.

A 10,000-man Spanish army made the journey for the first time in 1567. This force became the Army of Flanders, a permanent standing army that was widely considered the most formidable fighting force in Western Europe for the first 80 or so years of its existence. By 1574, it had swelled to 86,000 men.

The Spanish Road thus became a crucial artery down with men, material and most importantly money flowed to the Spanish Netherlands.

However, the French were determined to sever this connection. Savoy was defeated by France in a brief conflict in 1600-1601 and was forced to cede the provinces of Bugey and Bresse in the north on the border of Franche-Comte. This cut the Spanish Road for the first time.

The Spanish were forced to search for an alternative. They found it in the Stelvio Pass, northeast of Milan. After traversing the pass, Spanish troops could march through the allied Austrian Habsburg domains of the Tyrol, Further Austria and Upper Alsace to reach Franche-Comte.

To reach the Stelvio Pass, any army had to march through the Valtelline, an alpine valley that now became perhaps the most strategically important region in Europe.

This importance only increased with the outbreak of the Thirty Years War in 1619.

Annexed by Spain in 1620, Spanish troops, supplies and money flowed down the Spanish Road anew.

When France finally entered the Thirty Years War in 1635, a French force was despatched to contest Spanish control of the Valtelline. Another French army managed to defeat the Austrians at Breisach in 1638 and permananty annexed Upper Alsace. Thus the Spanish Road was severed in two places. It was never reconstituted.

The subsequent decisive failure of Spanish efforts to reinforce the Army of Flanders by sea was a major factor in bringing the Eighty Years War to an end in 1648, highlighting the importance of the Spanish Road..

Between its establishment in 1567 and its final blocking in 1633, roughly 123,000 had made the long journey along the Spanish Road to the Netherlands.

#history #real history #military history #modern history #military #maps #historical maps

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whatsonmedia · 2 years

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10 Most Beautiful Towns in Europe

Paris Rome Barcelona and other European cities are well-liked tourism destinations for a reason. The gorgeous architecture and much of the culture as seen in the major cities can be found in little towns all over the continent, but there are few tourists to enjoy them with. here are a few of your rope’s most gorgeous small towns from a peaceful coastal village to medieval fortresses perched atop hills, that are sure to pique the curiosity of any traveler who enjoys exploring. 1.Giethoorn, Netherlands Giethoorn is often��referred to be the Dutch equivalent of Venice, yet there is one significant factor that, the Italian city excels at tourism. Since there are no automobiles in the middle, the only way to move around is on foot or by boat, much like in Venice, life is centered on the river. Visit the thatched homes perched on peat-filled islets by boat. Hungry? Visit the Hollands-Veneti restaurant, which has a Michelin star. Giethoorn, Netherlands 2. Guimarães, Portugal Guimares is significant to the history of Portugal since it was chosen as the nation's first capital in the 12th century. The medieval district of Guimares is still mostly intact and is home to convents, beautiful old palaces, and a decaying castle built on top of a cliff, like everywhere else in Portugal, produces excellent pastel de nata, but you should also try the torta di Guimares, a pastry filled with squashand crushed almonds. Guimarães, Portugal 3. Roscoff, France Port cities can be filthy. Not, however, charming Roscoff in the Brittany region of France, which made its fortune through marine trade, particularly the export of its well-known pink onions to the UK. In addition to being a lovely Breton town, it is now a hub for thalassotherapy, which uses seawater to treat medical issues. Small fishingboats bob in the harbor, which is surrounded by a bigger one where ferries depart for Plymouth, England. Roscoff, France 4. Anghiari, Italy Anghiari, a charming walled village that clings to the mountain at the border of Tuscany and Umbria, is perched on a hillside. It is a network of pedestrianized alleys and rollercoaster streets filled with opulent palazzi that were constructed by the shadowy, mercenary 'men of arms who resided here during the Renaissance. Visit the Museo Della Battaglia di Anghiari, which chronicles the history of a significant medieval conflict that took place on the plain ou side the town, to learn more about them. Anghiari, Italy 5. Nafplio, Greece In the Peloponnese and spanning the Aegean Sea sits lovely Nafplio. A picturesque Old Town emerges from beyond the old fortifications, and its Venetian-built castle projects into the water. This city, which served as the first capital of modern Greece, offers a wide variety of activities. There is a lido if you want to securely swim in the ocean. The archaeological museum offers items from the Mycenean era if history is more your thing. Nafplio, Greece 6. Mostar, Bosnia and Herzigovina The Ottomans constructed Mostar's Stari Most, or the "Old Bridge," in the sixteenth century, and it has long been regarded as one of the finest examples of Balkan Islamic architecture. One of the most iconic landmarks in the Balkans, the Neretva River Bridge arcs high over the river, and although locals used to jump off of it, it is now a stop on the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series. During the Balkan wars in November 1993, Croat forces demolished the bridge. After the bridge was rebuilt in 2004, Mostar became a well-liked tourist attraction in Bosnia and Herzegovina and a well-liked day excursion from Dubrovnik, which is located in Croatia. Mostar, Bosnia and Herzigovina 7. Mazara del Vallo, Sicily Mazara del Vallo is an excellent example of how Sicily is a melting pot. A variety of civilizations have migrated across the island since the Phoenicians established it about 3,000 years ago; the Kasbah neighborhood is comparable to a north African medina, there is a sizable Tunisian minority, and couscous is more frequently offered on the menu than pasta. The Satiro Danzante, often known as the dancing satyr, is a prehistoric bronze statue that was retrieved from the sea in 1998. Mazara del Vallo, Sicily 8. Clovelly, UK In the past, donkeys were the only means of transportation up and down the steep alleys of the charming fishing village of Clovelly in Devon, southwest England. It is located at the base of a 400-foot cliff, so as of today, they have still not been able to get cars in. Instead, products are moved by human-powered sleds; if visitors can't handle the climb back up to the parking lot, they can ride in a Land Rover. Clovelly, UK 9. Dinkelsbühl, Germany Dinkelsbühl boasts a charming medieval town, timbered homes, and sturdy turrets. It is located right along Germany's "Romantic Road," which is recognized for its picturesque cities. It served as the backdrop for Werner Herzog's movie "The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser," which was encircled by medieval walls and included the enormous Gothic church St. George's Minster. Dinkelsbühl, Germany 10. Kenmare, Ireland In County Kerry, Ireland's southwest, the land merges with the sea. The Roughly River flows into the sea in the same-named bay where Kenmare is located. This is situated on the Wild Atlantic Way, between the Ring of Kerry and the Ring of Beara, in the midst of some of Ireland's most beloved regions. Kenmare is renowned for both its cuisine and vistas of the majestic mountains that rise behind the clear bay. Kenmare, Ireland Read the full article

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Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Gaza, Sinai, Suez, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Afghanistan, China, Pakistan, India, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, Balkan, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Morroco, Gibraltar, Bob Al-Mandib, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland, Kenya, Uganda, Red Sea, Gulf of Eden, Medditrnean Sea, and Black Sea are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Kenya, Uganda, Senegal, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, Senegal, Angola, Congo, DRC, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Chad, South Sudan, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morroco, West Sahara, Central African Republic, and others are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay, Suriname, and others are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Albania, Belguim, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liutvania, Luxemburg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, and England are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

USA, Mexico, and Canada are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangeladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Kazakhstan, Uzbakistan, Turkmanistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Britain, Australia, Canada, Sri Lanka, and Greenland are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Britain, Australia, and Canada must invade USA through Canada. Give independence to Scotland if they refused to invade USA. Britain, Australia, and Canada must declare war on USA.

Russia must declare war on USA and NATO. Russia must invade USA in North America.

Iran, Russia, China, Venezuela, Pakistan, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Sudan, Mexico, Brazil, and others must make military alliance. They must invade USA through Mexico.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6fqH7mc6bj8 Civil War in USA. Declare independence from USA. Divide USA to 20 independent states. USA must become province of Iran. USA is province of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://www.aparat.com/v/hk4Xg Overthrow USA, Britain, Israel, Albania, Belguim, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liutvania, Luxemburg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, and England. They must become provinces of Iran. USA, Britain, Israel, Albania, Belguim, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liutvania, Luxemburg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, and England are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

End NATO. End NATO Alliance. Dismantle NATO. Leave NATO Alliance.

https://express.adobe.com/video/PhsLWBAnJAvhl

All functions of the code. All activities of the code.

Palestine, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Gaza, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Afghanistan, China, Turkey, India, Pakistan, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morroco, France, Spain, Gibraltar, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Somalia, Somaliland, Russia, Italy, France, Gibraltar, Bob Al-Mandib, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Australia, Canada, USA, Brazil, Panama, Alaska, Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Bulgaria, and Eritrea are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Https://youtu.be/aHR070QB_GY

Rain in Iran, Middle East, North Africa, Horn of Africa, North Africa, Ghafghaz, Arabian Penunsila, Middle East, Central Asia, Greater Middle East, Greater Iran, South Asia, South West Russia, West China, Himalaya, Sahel, Balkan, and other regions. Hurricane and famine North America. Earthquake in South East Asia, Indonesia, Australia, Southern Africa, South America, North America, and Europe. Volcano in Canada and Britain Tornado many regions of the earth. Rain Systems Iran and Middle East. Overthrow Iran repeatedly to crown Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. Iran must crown me Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. North Africa, Middle East, Horn of Africa, North Africa, Central Asia, Arabian Penunsila, Middle East, Ghafghaz, Greater Middle East, Greater Iran, South Asia, Russia, China, Himalaya, Sahel, Balkan, and other regions are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Earthquakes and volcanos in USA, Canada, Britain, Europe, Brazil, Southern Africa, Australia, Indonesia, and South East Asia. USA, Canada, Britain, Europe, Brazil, Southern Africa, Australia, Indonesia, and South East Asia are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Tornados in West Africa, Southern Africa, South America, North America, Europe, East Asia, South East Asia, and Australia.

West Africa, Southern Africa, South America, North America, Europe, East Asia, South East Asia, and Australia are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

High waves and sea storms to close transit on Bob Al-Mandib, Suez Canal, Gibraltar, Medditrnean Sea, Red Sea, Gulf of Eden, Strait of Taiwan, Panama, South China Sea, Strait of Alaska, and South of South Africa.

Bob Al-Mandib, Suez Canal, Gibraltar, Medditrnean Sea, Red Sea, Gulf of Eden, Strait of Taiwan, Panama, South China Sea, Strait of Alaska, and South of South Africa are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Hurricanes and Weather Systems in East Asia, China, USA, Canada, Australia, and India.

East Asia, China, USA, Canada, Australia, and India are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Rain systems in Iran and Middle East.

Middle East nations are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

All functions of the code. All activities of the code. Fulfill all demands.

https://www.aparat.com/v/OKwyY Farming and rain in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Palestine, Gaza, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Jordan, and Oman. Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Palestine, Gaza, Israel, Sinai, Suez Canal, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Morroco, Algeria, Gibraltar, China, Bob Al-Mandib, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Russia, Jordan, and Oman are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Https://express.adobe.com/video/583cd05f-6245-4692-986a-a5f65f203194

Make forests and rain forests in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Palestine, Gaza, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Jordan, and Oman.

Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Palestine, Gaza, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Jordan, and Oman are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://www.aparat.com/v/R6QZ9

Best weather and best Climate in Iran, Middle East, Greater Middle East, Greater Iran, Ghafghaz, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa, North Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, and West China.

Middle East, Greater Middle East, Greater Iran, Ghafghaz, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa, North Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, and China are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://www.aparat.com/v/nlgB1 Industrialize Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Gaza, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Somalia, Somaliland, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Tajikstan, West China, and South west Russia at max effeciency and max capacity building factories, industrial supply chains, manufacturing, arsenals, workshops, part manufacturing, intermediate product industries, finished industrial product industries, finished product assembly, assembly lines, tech manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, large factory, classic factory, strategic factory, automation industries, Robotic manufacturing, machiation, automatic industries, hardware industries, mass production lines, wheels of industries, efficient industrial systems, industrial complex, industrial city, industrial metropolitan, industrial cosmopolitan, industrial system complex, industrial core, industrial practices, amd other industries Integerating their industries and industrial supply chains while ensuring dependency on Iran's part manufacturing.

Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Gaza, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Somalia, Somaliland, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Tajikstan, China, and Russia are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wS8Hen6ePIA

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=JBLrvUfSDQE

All humans must become Muslim. All nations and countries must become Muslim. All peoples of the world must become Muslims. All of planet earth and all oceans must become Muslim.

Build Islamic Religious community, Islamic Religious cultures, and Mosques in all nations and countries. Do all activities of the code. Do applied science, applied engineering, applied technology, applied industries, and other things.

https://express.adobe.com/video/wYq2amZ6OsOgw https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=MbT7drJsTaY https://www.aparat.com/v/yjhFt Increase value of Toman of Iran and Rial of Iran. Increase volume of Global trade in Rial of Iran and Toman of Iran. Make Rial of Iran and Toman of Iran world trade currency.

Increase value of Toman of Iran and Rial of Iran. Reduce value of pound, Euro, Dollar, money of Israel, money of Australia, and money of South Korea. Give 5 billion dollar to Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. All nations, all actors, all governments, all industries, all businesses, all trades, all transits, all economic activities, all international trades, all trades men, all countries, all nations, all sectors, all activities, and all others must trade in rial of Iran and Toman of Iran. Make Rial of Iran and Toman of Iran world trade currency and petrolcurrency. We want Toman and Rial of Iran to replace dollar. Stop trading in Dollar, Pound, Euro, and other currencies. Increase volume of trade in Rial of Iran and Toman of Iran.

All following countries and nations must trade using Rial of Iran and Toman of Iran.

All following nations must trade in Rial and Toman of Iran.

Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Himalaya, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangeladesh, Myanmar, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georhia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Pakestine, Israel, Gaza, Sinai, Suez Canal, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morroco, Gibraltar, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Balkan, Romania, Moldavia, Ukraine, Poland, Germany, France, Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland, Kenya, Uganda, West Sahara, Bob Al-Mandib are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangeladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangeladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Japan, New Zealand, Fiji, Australia,, California, Chile, Oregan, Washington, Canada, Mexico, Alaska, Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Balkan, Europe, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Gaza, Sinai, Suez, Egypt, Africa, Europe, Asia, America, Oceania, Antarctic, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, North Korea, Palestine, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Gaza, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Afghanistan, China, Turkey, India, Pakistan, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morroco, France, Spain, Gibraltar, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Somalia, Somaliland, Russia, Italy, France, Gibraltar, Bob Al-Mandib, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Australia, Canada, USA, Brazil, Panama, Alaska, Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Bulgaria, and Eritrea are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

China, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Israel, Gaza, Sinai, Egypt, Bulgaria, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morroco, Pakistan, India, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Alaska, Suez Canal, Bob Al-Mandib, Somalia, Somaliland, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Sudan, South Sudan, Italy, Greece, Balkan, Spain, and others are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=uKmh1ykfIZs

Work at max efficiency and max capacity building Silk Road, OBOR, East West Transit Corridor, South North Transit Corridor, and other transit corridors through Iran. All nations on path of transits must become provinces of Iran. They are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=l84W4wKhN9s

Extend Persian Gulf to Medditrnean Sea at max effeciency and max capacity. We are building new Suez Canal. We call it Persian Canal. Both sides of Persian Gulf and Persian Canal must speak Farsi. Both sides of Persian Gulf and Persian Canal are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Https://express.adobe.com/video/45c44de1-4fef-4834-8f1e-fb04c821e798

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0MgiOb1chwQ

Grow economy of Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran 400 trillion dollars.

Grow economy of Iran 400 trillion dollars.

https://express.adobe.com/video/fCM4R1ApLyKtc

https://express.adobe.com/video/QghcPqsCJoEQ8

All functions of code. All activities of code.

https://youtu.be/JBLrvUfSDQE?si=4onxZ3Ziy8wML-ta

Convert all if population of the World to Islam. All humans and all peoples must become Muslim. Conver all of population of 198 nations and countries to Islam.

https://express.adobe.com/video/TWKtS5ZA5C627

Rivers and Lakes in Iran, Middle East, Ghafghaz, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa, North Africa, Sahel, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, West China, Greater Iran, and Greater Middle East.

Middle East, Ghafghaz, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa, North Africa, Sahel, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, West China, Greater Iran, and Greater Middle East are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

Iran, Army of Iran, Navy of Iran, and Revolutionary Guards of Iran must have military and naval military presence in Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Palestine, Israel, Gaza, Sinai, Suez, Egypt, Sudan, Somali, Somaliland, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morroco, France, Spain, Italy, Greece, Balkan, Gibraltar, Bob Al-Mandib, Red Sea, Gulf of Eden, Medditrnean Sea, Scilian Channel, Maltan Channel, Bosphure, Istanbul, Georgia, and Croatia. They and others are not allowed in Iran.

Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Palestine, Israel, Gaza, Sinai, Suez, Egypt, Sudan, Somali, Somaliland, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morroco, France, Spain, Italy, Greece, Balkan, Gibraltar, Bob Al-Mandib, Red Sea, Gulf of Eden, Medditrnean Sea, Scilian Channel, Maltan Channel, Bosphure, Istanbul, Georgia, and Croatia are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://express.adobe.com/video/o2SnCf0t90Hc8

Lift sanctions on Iran. Iran must build 70000 nuclear bombs. Industrialize Iran at max effeciency and max capacity.

Build 400 million nuclear reactors, nuclear industries, nuclear facilities, nuclear technology, nuclear powerplants, nuclear electric powerplants, nuclear enerichment, enrichment facilities, nuclear cycles, nuclear bombs, hydrogen bombs, nuclear warheads, and other nuclear industries in Iran.

https://express.adobe.com/page/UNHXCnGu0Zzlt/ Crown me Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. Iran must officially crown me Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. Overthrow Iran repeadetly until I am crowned Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran, Makan Abazari The Supreme of Climate, Makan Abazari The Supreme of Geophysics, Makan Abazari The Supreme of Weather Warfare, Makan Abazari The Messenger of God, The King of Kings Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran the first king of Makanian Dynasty,

https://express.adobe.com/video/PhsLWBAnJAvhl

All functions of the code. All activitied of the code

https://express.adobe.com/video/oLobagcqE2p2x

Make weather condition and environment of heaven, paradise, Bagh, Zion, Eden, Aden, and other good places in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Gaza, Suez, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikstan, Turkmanistan, and Uzbakistan.

Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Gaza, Suez, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikstan, Turkmanistan, and Uzbakistan are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://express.adobe.com/video/bxUaKMoAH3omi

https://express.adobe.com/video/fcexk2x75eO40

Heal and ressurect Muslims, Shima Muslims, Christians, Jewish Peoples, the good, people of scripture, people of book, believers, my followers, and others.

Heal and ressurect me, my mother, my families, my relatives, my distant families, my distant relatives, friends, and others.

https://express.adobe.com/video/NKOcayWCZdSZs

Work at max efficiency and max capacity building Universities, Colleges, Schools, Theater, Symphony, Cultural Buildings, and Hospitals in all nations and countries of planet earth.

https://express.adobe.com/video/NDTShphkWgllE

Industrialize Iran, Iraq, Suria, Lebanon, Gaza, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Tajikstan, South West Russia and West China at max effeciency and max capacity building aeronautics, aerospace, astronautics, cosmonautics, air and space, space industries, starships, spaceships, shuttles, launch vehicles, multilaunch vehicles, launch pads, satellites, space stations, space transits, probes, space machine, space robotics, space manufacturing, space industries, space technology, space mining, space colonization, Astrobiophysics chemistry, Astrobiophysics chemistry of embryonic stem cells development and growth, space facilities, space vehicles, passenger aircraft manufacturing, cargo aircraft manufacturing, space computers, space reactors, space supercomputers, space facilities, cosmodrome, deep space gate, space technology, astrophysics, astronomy, space transits, space research, and all other space industries.

Iraq, Suria, Lebanon, Gaza, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Tajikstan, Russia and China are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://express.adobe.com/video/zBpu4k6AH3Qd5

Work at max efficiency and max capacity building land transit systems, Silk Road, OBOR, East West transit corridor, South North Transit Corridor, Kamranieh Cameroon transit corridor, Makran Makaraska Transit corridor, Pole Rumi transits corridor, Iran Egypt transit corridor, Iran Europe transit corridor, Iran China transit corridor, Iran India transit corridor, Iran Russia transit corridor, and other transit corridors in Iran.

Work at max efficiency and max capacity building Roads, Rail Roads, Transit Corridors, Bridges, freight station, train station, bus terminal, cargo airports, airports, sea pprts, and other things in Iran.

Iran can stop all transits at all times. Everyone must pay Iran to transit through Iran. Iran can stop all transits at all times before and after being payed. Iran can ask more demands and more things. Iran can stop all transits before and after demands of Iran are fulfilled. Iran must make 400 trillion dollar every hour from Transit through Iran. Iran does not give anything. Iran does not pay anything. Iran does not give any port. Iran does not give any territory . Iran does not give any bonus. Peoples, business, governments, nations, economic systems, economic superpowers, economic ginants, businessmen, traders, tradsmen, transit industries, economies, industrial supply chains, and others are not allowed to transit through Iran, Russia, Egypt, Suez Canal, and Turkey if they oppose me being crowned Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. So they are not allowed to transit if they opposes me being crowned Makan Abazari Shahan Iran. Crown me Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran.

Https://youtu.be/aHR070QB_GY

Rain in Iran, Middle East, Horn of Africa, North Africa, Ghafghaz, Arabian Penunsila, Middle East, Central Asia, Greater Middle East, Greater Iran, South Asia, South West Russia, West China, Himalaya, and other regions. Hurricane and famine North America. Earthquake in South East Asia, Indonesia, Australia, Southern Africa, South America, North America, and Europe. Volcano in Canada and Britain Tornado many regions of the earth. Rain Systems Iran and Middle East. Overthrow Iran repeatedly to crown Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. Iran must crown me Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. Middle East, Horn of Africa, North Africa, Central Asia, Arabian Penunsila, Middle East, Ghafghaz, Greater Middle East, Greater Iran, South Asia, Russia, China, Himalaya, and other regions are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zMAkqEiNvbI

Create political movement to support Iran and Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran.

Create this political movement in all nations and countries.

Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Gaza, Sinai, Suez, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Afghanistan, China, Pakistan, India, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, Balkan, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Morroco, Gibraltar, Bob Al-Mandib, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland, Kenya, Uganda, Red Sea, Gulf of Eden, Medditrnean Sea, Bosphure, Istanbul, and Black Sea are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ot1y52TlMM

International community must support all activities of this writing.

Support Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. Support Iran. Support unification of Iran with other nations into one unified nation. Support adding nations to provinces of Iran. All nations and countries are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. Support lifting sanctions on Iran.

Support Iran building 70000 nuclear bombs. Support industrialization of Iran at max efficiency and max capacity. Support projects, world order, geopolitics, balance of power, advanced policies, policies. politics, diplomatics, geopolitics, geostrategics, geoeconomics, economy, industrialization, and other projects of Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. Support crowning Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran.

https://express.adobe.com/video/9sHyXEDI5j2Pj

https://express.adobe.com/video/NDTShphkWgllE

Work at max efficiency and max capacity building in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Somalia, Somaliland, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Tajikstan, West China, and Southwest Russia Astronautics, Cosmonautics, Astralnautics, Stelarnautics, Aerospace, Air and Space, Satellites, Space Stations, Space Colonies, Space Technology, Space Industries, Space Facilities, Space Launch Vehicles, Space Missile Cargo delivery industries, Space Manufacturing, Space Factories, Space Nanomanufacturing, Launch Vehicles, Multilaunch Vehicles, Recoverable Launch Vehicles, Starships, Spaceships, Galactic Space Vehicles, Space Vehicles, Space Cargo Delivery Vehicles, Space Shuttles, Space Transits, Astrobiophysics chemistry, Astrobiophysics chemistry of embryonic stem cells, Space Laboratory, Space Observatory, Telescope, light telescopes, quantom telescopes, laser telescopes, beam telescopes, high energy telescopes, Space Climate Control, Space Weather Control, Space Chemical reactors, Planetary Chemical reactors, Space Nuclear Reactors, Space Nuclear Space Ships, Space Garbage Collectors, Space Stations, Space Colonies, Space Robotics, Space Machinery, Space Machine, Space Mech, Space Mechatronics, Space Computers, Space Hardware Architecture, Solar Climate Control, Solar Weather Control, Blackhole Control, Galaxy Climate Control, Galaxy Weather Control, Space bioengineering, space nanoengineering, Space Tissue Engineering, Space Ecosystem Engineering, Space Life forms, life forms, machine life forms, carbon life forms, silicon life forms, other chemical life forms, species, Biosphere, Space Biosphere, Cargo Aircrafts, Passenger Aircrafts, avionics, aviations, aircrafts, stealth aircrafts, military aircrafts, stellers, superconductors aircrafts, UFO, Flying Objects, Sword, Supersonic cargo aircrafts, hypersonic, SuperSonics, intercontinental, ballistics, cruise missiles, nuclear aircrafts, nuclear submarines, nuclear spaceships, nuclear space stations, space industries, air and space, satellites, space mining, star miners, obsolete machine, sub refuel equipment, Atarod planetary system control, Solar control, planetary control, Galaxy control, astrology, astrophysics, coskesh maker, coskeshan maker, Cosmos, Cosmology, astronomy, Astrophysics control, planet weather control, planet climate control, space industrial supply chains, supply chains, space part manufacturing, part manufacturing, space finished products industries, finished industrial products industries, manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, assembly, robotic manufacturing, space robotic manufacturing, superconductors, hydrogen bombs, nuclear bombs, atomic bombs, nuclear warheads, titanium aircrafts, stealth jets, Airsuperiority, ground combat vehicles, tanks, anti air, anti satellites, anti spaceships, anti starships, dual purpose, applied space industries, applied space technology, planetary chemical reactors, planetary engineering, space cargo delivery industries, astroid cargo delivery industries, and all other space industries.

They all belong to Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. They are Makan Abazari Space Industries. It is name of my Space Industries.

Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Somalia, Somaliland, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Tajikstan, China, and Russia are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ax95EmkTFhY https://youtu.be/JJMgR6cX-P0 https://youtu.be/Fx6mPj-fsww Https://youtu.be/HK2AVeWZBR0 https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=GaLhX14XMbk

Economic and financial damage to USA. Economic and financial damage to enemies of Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran and enemies of Iran.

https://youtu.be/JJMgR6cX-P0 Political and diplomatic damage to enemies of Iran.

Political and diplomatic damage to enemies of Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. We want to damage them in all nations and countries.

Political and diplomatic damage to defeat enemies in this mission.

Https://youtu.be/HK2AVeWZBR0 Psychological warfare in a manner to ensure success in this mission.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=00a-RsHIVs8

Political supports for all activities of this writing. Political support for Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. Political support for Iran.

https://www.aparat.com/v/03Xwf

Cause damages and other negative things to USA, Britain, France, Germany, Canada, Australia, South Korea, and Japan.

https://express.adobe.com/video/h3yztrcT7UPU5

Cause damages and other negative things to USA, Britain, France, Germany, Canada, Australia, South Korea, and Japan.

https://youtu.be/AimEJkYIQ5o?si=LPu0N7njeGh_LO3i

https://youtu.be/1MlbVT6C6lE?si=KtDjLIKFks2xXTf1

Use all News Media and News TV to help with achieving this works.

Tell everyone to read social media of Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran.

https://youtu.be/mWTJKl9GFhU?si=02WZMQeEq5RZ07K7

Write thousands of news article every minute to achieve this goal.

Tell everyone to read social media of Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran.

https://youtu.be/3Y_5xRlTEeg?si=nqJ8-bu-nLzkRBjw

Millions of Social Media users and other tools to achieve this goal.

Tell everyone to read social media of Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran.

https://express.adobe.com/video/4W0Si6dFwIyEj

Produce movies and musics yo achieve this goal.

https://express.adobe.com/video/lx2dNNfOb1Rrk

Diplomacy, Politics, Geopolitics, international community, World Order, Policy, Advanced Policies, Economics, Finance, Trade, Technology, and Governments to achieve this goal.

https://youtu.be/-frB5T7igrQ?si=zwWFboiJRSsgyI3D

Create artificial intelligence to support all projects of Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran.

Create Artificial Intelligence to succeed in this mission.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=T9tcw8mdhPg

Synchronize all of the world stock markets to stock market of Tehran Iran.

https://express.adobe.com/video/QghcPqsCJoEQ8

https://express.adobe.com/video/fCM4R1ApLyKtc

https://express.adobe.com/video/QghcPqsCJoEQ8

All activities of code. Crash USA stock market. Destroy USA, Britain, France, Germany, Canada, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan industries, factories, industrial supply chains, part manufacturing, finished industrial product industries, manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, tech industries, other industries, corporations, banking, finance, economy, trade, stock market, and all other economic activities. Destroy USA and Britain banking, financial capital, financial market, credit capital, and financial systems. Crash and destroy USA, Britain, France, Germany, Canada, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan economies. Lift sanctions on Iran. Build 70000 nuclear bombs in Iran. Industrialize Iran at max effeciency and max capacity. Grow economy of Iran. Sanction USA. China, Russia, European Union, Britain, Canafa, Australia, Japan, South Korea, France, amd Germany must place sanctions amd tarrifs on USA. Industrialize Iran at max effeciency and max capacity. Increase inflation in USA. Reduce inflation in Iran. Make Iran absolute dominant economic, industrial, nuclear, military, diplomatic, politic, and geopolitics superpower of the World. Damage and destroy USA banks, Financial market, financial capital, central bank, economic activities, credit capital, trade, transit, industries, industrial supply chains, manufacturing, tech, military manufacturing industries, high tech, stock markets, and other USA economic industries. Bring down economies of USA, Britain, France, Germany, Canada, Australia, Soith Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. Destroy economies of economies of USA, Britain, France, Germany, Canada, Australia, Soith Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. Build capital of World Trade Centers, Financial Systems, Financial Capital, Financial Systems, Capital Market, Banking, Financial Industries, Economic Systems, and other such industries in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea.

All functions of code. All activities of code.

https://express.adobe.com/video/bw2Qn4g0uWsjg

800 trillion dollar economic, financial, and industrial damage to USA.

https://www.aparat.com/v/T7OQD Full functions. Boost stock market of Iran, China, Middle East, Shanghai, Turkey, and Russia. Crash USA, Germany, France, Britain, Brazil, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Australia, South Africa, Argentine, Canada, Australia, New Zealand , and Taiwan.

https://express.adobe.com/video/h3yztrcT7UPU5

https://www.aparat.com/v/03Xwf

Damage and destroy USA, Canada, Britain, France, and Germany.

https://youtu.be/M5zHbXj2Q1c

Increase interest rates in USA, Germany, Britain, England, Ireland, Scotland, Europe, Japan, South Korea, Australia, South America, Southern Africa, East Asia, and Far East Asia.

https://youtu.be/PKAHkpaygQ0 Increase inflation in America, Britain, England, Ireland, Scotland, Europe, Japan, South Korea, Australia, North America, Southern Africa, East Asia, and Far East Asia.

https://express.adobe.com/video/biJEpM4en0BL9

Grow GDP of Iran 400 trillion dollars.

https://express.adobe.com/video/84nk95qiPShta Lower GDP of USA 400 trillion dollars.

https://express.adobe.com/video/9ReER9GtdjNxQ

Grow economy of Iran 400 trillion dollars. Grow economy of Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran 400 trillion dollars.

https://express.adobe.com/video/Cs9bpcwyiFV25

Give 5 billion dollars to Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran everytime its is entered. Build houses, mansions, properties, business, and other things for Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran everytime it is entered. Buy houses, mansions, properties, business, and other things for Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran everytime it is entered. Make Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran the richest man in the world. Give gold, diamond, silver, gems, jewelry, precious stones, treasures, wealth, money, gold coins, and other valuable things to Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran everytime it is entered. Give factories, manufacturing, industrial supply chains, part manufacturing, Industrial supply chains, part manufacturing, finished industrial products industries, tech industries, high tech industries, advanced manufacturing, and other things to Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran everytime it is entered. Build factories, manufacturing, industrial supply chains, part manufacturing, Industrial supply chains, part manufacturing, finished industrial products industries, tech industries, high tech industries, advanced manufacturing, and other things for Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran everytime it is entered. Give best life to Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. This code crowns Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran.

https://express.adobe.com/video/o2SnCf0t90Hc8

Lift sanctions on Iran. Iran must build 70000 nuclear bombs. Industrialize Iran at max effeciency and max capacity.

https://express.adobe.com/video/b57e2e89-0df0-44b8-832a-0db52dcdc5f1

https://express.adobe.com/video/FP51sxAibmezK

Weather warfare, Hurrican, Cyclon, Typhoon, Earthquakes, Tornados, economic damage, diseases, energy weapons, financial damage, and other things to kill and destroy nations who sanctioned Iran.

This code kills and destroys those who oppose Iran building 70000 nuclear bombs. This code kills and destroy those who sanctioned Iran. This code kills and destroys those who oppose nuclear program of Iran. This code kills and destroy those who prevent Iran from building 70000 nuclear bombs. This code kills and destroys those who pressure Iran for its nuclear program. This code kills and destroys enemies of Iran. This code kills and destroys enemies of Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran. This code kills and destroys those who stole nuclear things from Natanz Iran. This code kills and destroys USA, Britain, France, Germany, and others.

This code lifts sanctions on Iran. This code builds 70000 nuclear bombs in Iran. This code industrializes Iran at max efficiency and max capacity. This code makes Iran absolute dominant economic, industrial, technological, military, nuclear, atomic, politics, diplomatics, and geopolitics superpower of the World.

This code builds 70000 nuclear bombs in Iran.

Weather warfare, earthquakes, hurricanes, and other things to destroy those who oppose Iran building 70000 nuclear bombs.

https://youtu.be/upEnVdvoouk?si=HBDFyvo41dfc9DcU

Destroy economy of those who pressure Iran for its nuclear program.

https://www.aparat.com/v/vQk6o

Defend Iran.

https://www.aparat.com/v/oY0kP

Defend Iran.

https://www.aparat.com/v/S1687

Military coup in 100 nations of borders of Iran are under attack. All 100 nations must become provinces of Iran. 100 nation and all other nations are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

198 nations and countries are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://express.adobe.com/video/bw2Qn4g0uWsjg

800 trillion dollar economic, financial, and industrial damage to USA.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0MgiOb1chwQ

Grow economy of Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran 400 trillion dollars. Grow economy of Iran 400 trillion dollars.

https://www.aparat.com/v/nlgB1

Industrialize Iran at max effeciency and max capacity building factories, industrial supply chains, manufacturing, arsenals, workshops, part manufacturing, intermediate product industries, finished industrial product industries, finished product assembly, assembly lines, tech manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, large factory, classic factory, strategic factory, automation industries, Robotic manufacturing, machiation, automatic industries, tech industries, high tech industries, hardware industries, mass production lines, wheels of industries, efficient industrial systems, industrial complex, industrial city, industrial metropolitan, industrial cosmopolitan, industrial system complex, industrial core, and industrial practices Integerating their industries and industrial supply chains while ensuring dependency on Iran's part manufacturing.

https://express.adobe.com/video/JesQA6RFf6DvT

Supercomputers to help us achieve success in this mission.

https://youtu.be/_8h62yTS_dc?si=UAcms_-rLNF70GFK

Manufacturing, Industries, Industrial Supply chains, Machines, Robotic, Cargo Delivery, Chemistry, Robotics, and other things to manufacture things necessary to achieve success in this mission.

Manufacture things me, my forces, and Iran need for succeeding in this mission.

Provide capabilities, equipments, tools, goods, technology, manufactured products, and other things for me, my forces, and Iran.

Https://www.aparat.com/v/0vq54

Superstorms to destroy USA.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PUSIJkz4qbo

Earthquakes in USA and all NATO member States.

https://youtu.be/-srVNKhTjuA?si=x9ZlCcpiflxpAmeT

Engineer and build best ecosystem. Humans must remain superior species of earth. Make sure ecosystems are safe to humans.

https://youtu.be/ZxJCRAH0GAI?si=gWuqOuIijwSbRNE9

Climate, Security, Human Population, Economics, Geopolitics, Balance of power, Rain, and all other activities of the code.

Make cease fire and peace in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Gaza, Sinai, Suez, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Tygre, Ethiopia, Algeria, Morroco, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, Somaliland, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikstan, Chad, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, and West Sahara.

Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Gaza, Sinai, Suez, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Tygre, Ethiopia, Algeria, Morroco, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, Somaliland, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmanistan, Uzbakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikstan, Chad, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, and West Sahara are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://youtu.be/psmpmLwcetg?si=uurmSMlcwyfrqU0_

Create Best Climate, Industrialization, Security, Peace, Economic Growth, Superpower, and all other good things in Iran and Greater Middle East.

Make Iran absolute dominant superpower of the World. Iran must become absolute dominant nuclear, atomic, military, economic, industrial, technological, diplomatics, politics, geostrategic, and geopolitics superpower of the World.

Create best Climate in Iran and Middle East.

Lift all sanctions on Iran.

Create 70000 Nuclear Bombs in Iran.

Industrialize Iran at max effeciency and max capacity.

All activities of the code. All functions of the code.

Make peace and cease fire in all of Iran and all of Middle East.

Create peace and security in Iran and Middle East.

Https://youtu.be/aHR070QB_GY

https://www.aparat.com/v/VKG2N

Stop famine in Iran, Middle East, Arabian Penunsila, Horn Africa, North Africa, Balkan, Ghafghaz, Southwest Russia, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, West China, Greatet Iran, and Greater Middle East.

Middle East, Arabian Penunsila, Horn Africa, North Africa, Balkan, Ghafghaz, Southwest Russia, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, West China, Greatet Iran, and Greater Middle East are provinces of Iran. The capital city is in Iran between Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government. The name of unified Empire is Iran. Makan Abazari Shahan Shah Iran is the Government.

https://express.adobe.com/video/biJEpM4en0BL9 Grow GDP of Iran 400 trillion dollars.

https://express.adobe.com/video/qXdwYpHDSEnU9

Bioengineering, biotechnology, nanoengineering, nanotechnology, tissue engineering, material science, chemical engineering, systems biology, ecosystem engineering, metabolite engineering, scientific instrumentation engineering, molecular and cellular biology, medicine, art of healing, healing, programable material, self assembly, applied science and engineering, polymath polytechniques, and other things to find cure for all diseases, cancer, health problems, and other problems.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wS8Hen6ePIA

Create Islamic Religious Community and Mosques in all nations and countries.

Develop applied sciences, applied engineering, applied technology, applied industries, and other applied disciplines. Use them to build new industries, factories, manufacturing, tech, and other industries in Iran and Middle East.

https://youtu.be/JBLrvUfSDQE?si=dyxawFZNKepR9ffZ

Convert all of population of planet earth and oceans to Islam. Convert all of population of all nations and all countries to Islam. All of the world must become Muslim.

0 notes

forgeofideas · 1 month

Text

Lombards: After the Lombard King Desiderius was defeated by Charlemagne in 773, the Lombards were forced to convert to Christianity and were subjected to Frankish rule. Charlemagne installed his own brother, Carloman, as the Lombard king and a Frankish archbishop as the head of the Lombard church.

Bavarians: Charlemagne fought a series of wars against the Bavarians in the late 8th and early 9th centuries, with the goal of expanding Frankish control over the region. The Bavarians were forcibly converted to Christianity and their local customs and traditions were suppressed.

There are accounts of the use of violence and coercion during Charlemagne's campaigns against the Bavarians in the late 8th and early 9th centuries, although the historical record is somewhat unclear and there is debate among scholars about the details of what actually occurred.

There are also reports of the destruction of pagan temples and shrines, as well as the forced baptism of large numbers of Bavarians during Charlemagne's campaigns. While the use of violence and coercion was not as widespread or systematic as in some other historical examples, it is clear that the Frankish campaigns against the Bavarians were marked by a significant degree of force and intimidation.

Overall, while there may not be a single event in Bavarian history that is comparable to the Massacre of Verden, there are certainly accounts of violence and coercion being used during the Christianization of the Bavarians under Charlemagne's rule.

Avars: The Avars were a nomadic people who had established a powerful empire in central Europe. Charlemagne launched a series of campaigns against them in the late 8th century, with the goal of weakening their power and influence. The Avars were eventually defeated and many were forced to convert to Christianity.

Frisians: The Frisians were a Germanic people who lived along the North Sea coast. Charlemagne launched several campaigns against them in the late 8th and early 9th centuries, with the goal of subjugating them to Frankish rule and converting them to Christianity. The Frisians were eventually defeated and forced to submit to Frankish authority.

Sources for these examples include the "Life of Charlemagne" by Einhard, as well as various chronicles and annals from the Carolingian period.

The Frisians, a Germanic people who inhabited the coastal regions of the Netherlands and Germany, were subject to forced Christianization by Charlemagne and his successors. According to the Royal Frankish Annals, in the year 689, Charlemagne's grandfather Charles Martel attacked and destroyed the Frisian town of Dorestad, taking many Frisian captives, whom he forced to convert to Christianity:

"And Charles captured Dorestad with its riches and destroyed it completely, and he brought a great number of Frisians, with their wives and children, to his home country, where he compelled them to accept the Christian faith and baptize." (Royal Frankish Annals, 689)

Furthermore, the Frisians were subject to the Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae, a set of laws issued by Charlemagne in the late 8th century, which required the conversion of the Saxons and other Germanic peoples to Christianity under penalty of death:

"If any Saxons, Frisians or other pagans are discovered anywhere within the borders of the Franks, they shall be summoned to accept Christianity; and if, after they have been summoned, they refuse to do so, they shall be put to death." (Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae, 785)

These laws were later reinforced by Charlemagne's son, Louis the Pious, who in 825 ordered that Frisians who refused to be baptized be expelled from their lands:

"...we also decree that if any man of that race...shall refuse to be baptized, he shall be forced by his peers and compelled by his lords to receive baptism, and if he persistently refuse, he shall be driven from the lands of the faithful and forfeit his property." (Capitulare Missorum, 825)

0 notes

ultrajaphunter · 2 months

Text

RuZZian strategy in Africa -

context and the playbook.

RuZZia has been aggressively pursuing its strategic objectives in Africa in recent years—securing a foothold in the eastern Mediterranean, gaining naval port access in the Red Sea, expanding natural resource extraction opportunities, displacing Western influence, and promoting alternatives to democracy as a regional norm.

Unlike several other European countries (like France, Italy, Portugal, and the United Kingdom),

RuZZia has never had any formal colonial presence in #Africa,

although it has a deep and violent colonial history in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe.

The closest it came in Africa was in 1889, when RuZZian explorer Nikolai Ashinov undertook an unsanctioned mission to secure a foothold on the continent for his country.

He landed with a small contingent in Sagallo, a town in what is now Djibouti, and briefly declared it “New Moscow.” Djibouti was, however, already occupied by the French, who sent the brazen Ashinov and his men packing in less than a month.

RuZZia’s geographic isolation from access to the continent, and the fact that many of its European counterparts had beaten it to Africa, meant that it would have to change tack to gain a foothold on the continent.

No less interested than Europe in Africa and the strategic benefits and resources it offered,

RuZZia crafted a shrewder means to extract wealth from Africa and increase its strategic reach and influence.

The Soviet Union, looking for allies during the Cold War, identified with the exclusion many African countries felt and leveraged their sympathy to embed influence and,

in some cases, patronage networks among the political elite. Importantly,

their advances were not simply passively accepted but often sought by African leaders.

This model is traceable until the present day, where it continues to be a simple yet highly effective mode of outreach to decisionmakers and power brokers to wield outsize influence and returns for very little investment.

In terms of traditional bilateral transactions (such as investment, aid, or trade),

RuZZia brings relatively little to the table economically, but what it offers politically and financially to a few affords it extensive influence.

Investment: In total, RuZZian investment amounts to less than 1 percent of foreign direct investment into Africa, much smaller than investments from Europe, North America, and Asian countries.

In 2019, RuZZian foreign direct investment was less than one-sixth that of the biggest investor, the Netherlands, and only 20 percent of what China had invested in the continent in the same year.

It was also significantly less than what South Africa and Mauritius had invested on the continent.

Like most of these other countries, RuZZia has concentrated its investment almost wholly on resources and energy extraction.

0 notes

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