The Lab

ask me questions! Ask about my experiments, what I work on, I would love to share.

unfortunately all those conversations end up will yelling about morals, *tsk* it’s practically scripted every time. Oh well. Perhaps I’ll find someone, or multiple someone’s, who would like to join the cause of knowledge.

Anani walked quickly down the hall, hoping not to bump into anyone like she always did. These hallways were usually empty, but there was no way of telling. Artemia hadn’t been in her forefront office where she normally was, so she was either in one of the labs or down by her back office closer to where the subjects were so the trip from cell to cell.

Newly discovered jellyfish is a 24-eyed weirdo related to the world's most venomous marine creature

Researchers named the newfound species Tripedalia maipoensis, after Mai Po Nature Reserve in Hong Kong, where they discovered the transparent critter.

Scientists in Hong Kong have discovered tiny, cube-shaped box jellyfish in a brackish shrimp pond that are completely unknown to science.

The diminutive jellies have a completely transparent and colorless body, or bell, as well as 12 tentacles ending in small, paddle-like structures that enable the critters to speed through water faster than most other jellyfish species.

Like other box jellies — a group of Cnidarians that includes the Australian box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri), the world’s most venomous marine animal, according to the National Ocean Service— the newly described jellies have 24 eyes arranged in clusters of six around its cubic bell.

"This box jellyfish connects the base of its tentacles and its bell with a flat base that looks like a boat paddle, making it distinct from other common jellyfish," Qiu Jianwen, a professor in the Department of Biology at Hong Kong Baptist University who led the research, said in a video. "Another feature of the box jellyfish is that it has six eyes located on each side of its body."

Researchers named the newfound species Tripedalia maipoensis after Mai Po Nature Reserve in Hong Kong, where they found it. They describe its features and relationship to other box jellies in a study published March 20 in the journal Zoological Studies.

T. maipoensis is the first-ever box jelly to be found in Chinese waters. It is unclear whether the half-inch-long (1.5 centimeters) animal can sting humans, but it may be venomous enough to stun tiny shrimp called Artemia. "It seemed to paralyze Artemia offered in the lab," Qiu told Live Science in an email. "But we did not touch the animal to feel the sting."

The researchers first noticed the unusual creatures in samples collected from an intertidal shrimp pond, known as a "gei wai" locally, during the summers of 2020 to 2022. The jellyfish were "quite abundant," Qiu told Live Science, numbering "up to 400 individuals in an area of the pond." A tidal channel from the brackish pool means that the species could also be present in the adjacent waters of the Pearl River estuary, but no work has been done yet to confirm this, the researchers wrote in the study.

Box jellyfish, which are also known as sea wasps, move by allowing water to enter canals that run along a muscular membrane on the underside of their bodies and then expelling it. The researchers found that, unlike closely related species, T. maipoensis has forked canals separating into multiple branches. The newly discovered species is the third known member of a group of box jellies characterized by tentacles ending in flat, paddle-like structures, called Tripedalia.

Two weeks ago, I had the opportunity to rescue nine zebrafish (danio rerio). They were used in behaviour experiments in a biology lab, and were retired. They were put in a tank with obstacles, and researchers were studying how the obstacles impacted their behaviour as a group (zebrafish is a schooling fish). Retirement for them meaning either being adopted, or put down.

So.. I had no choice but to bring them home :D !

I did not have the time to properly cycle the tank, unfortunately (I had no idea I was going to have fish anytime soon !) but I did my best to provide them a comfortable tank.

I found a 71L tank, an air pump, soil and plants, and more recently, I added wood, a kind of aquatic moss and some aquatic grass.

I feed them fish pellets (given by the biology lab), and also live mosquito larvae. I also got frozen artemia, for when I run out of mosquito larvae.

Last Sunday, I went home at 2AM and caught them sleeping :3

They were so cute, floating gently without moving much. And then suddenly they started moving at their usual speed ! I had woken them up ':3

At first they were all stressed out, they had never seen an air pump, nor probably plants either, but in a day or two they were playing with the air bubbles : swimming into the bubble stream, letting it bring them all the way up to the surface, then swimming back down and repeat. I love them so much !

First image is the tank they were in when i got them. I moved them to the much larger tank you see in the following pictures. The last two pictures show their current tank. I can't wait for the plants to grow !! Sorry for the white reflection blocking the view on these, I had put a plate by the tank for when I was adding the plants.

I'm also using the tank to propagate a monstera stem I found in a train station a while ago ^^ It's the bunch of roots on the right of the third picture.

They change colours between pale brown (when they are stressed) and light grey with dark blueish stripes (when they are not stressed). I'm seeing one of them light brown at all times, but I don't know whether it's always the same one or not... I hope it's a different one each time 😢

They are starting to learn that big scary thing hovering above the surface means food is falling from the sky <3

I've tried to write this so many ways. How do I say this.

I want this to be special. Unique. As if people don't fall in love with people they're not supposed to fall in love with all the time. My experience is, if anything, painfully universal. What I'm feeling right now has been felt by a million different people in a million different ways before me. It will continue to be felt for as long as people live after I'm gone. Anything I say here will feel familiar, because you've read this sort of thing many times before. But I feel the need to say this myself, anyway.

I like you. I liked you from the moment you walked into our aquaculture seminar, all bright and cheerful. Everyone was so awkward and didn't know how to speak up, but you were our glue. You broke the ice, lifted everyone's spirits. You called me smart for knowing how to use a refractometer, how to culture Artemia.

I didn't see you for awhile after that. We reunited at the lab kitchen, and you yelled my name and hugged me. Who does that? We barely knew each other. But you made me feel so welcomed. Do you do this for everybody?

You draw beautifully, but not in the normal way. You draw dumb, goofy cartoons of monsters getting their cupcakes stolen by skateboarding gremlins. You draw praying mantises atop skyscrapers. You draw whatever you want, fun blocky shapes packed with primary colours. You get contracts to draw native trees, dancing on the side of churches. You inspired me to create again.

Your voice is insane. You called your parents yesterday, asked if I minded. I didn't get any work done with you talking, even in the best circumstances I can't adjust my focus easily. But I didn't care. I almost wish I could record you, play your words back whenever I'm feeling anxious. You could say anything, your words still shine with a bright earnestness when you're emphatic. Your voice makes me shiver when it creaks low. You have a power to your words. A voice that fills rooms and makes the hairs on my neck stand up.

You'd kill yourself in a zombie apocalypse. You cried when we watched Life of Pi. You hate dark media. You eat dry cereal. You surf and own a pet lizard and wear sweater vests. You don't brush your teeth every night and you don't shower every day. You leave things until the last minute. You'd do everything and anything to make somebody's birthday the best they've ever had. You feel uncomfortable if you can't help. You can't bake because the recipes are too pedantic. You call your deaf ear your "naughty ear", because it "hears things it shouldn't".

I find it very difficult not to stare at you. You say you don't have eyelids to apply shadow to, that your lips are too thin. I haven't seen anything more beautiful. You're a perfect shape. Your eyes scrunch up when you get excited, which is often. When the light hits your irises just right, they glow like Kāuri gum. When you hug me, I feel enormous.

I met your boyfriend the other week. We get along well, he's very tall and soft-spoken. He looks at you the way I wish I could, openly. I can tell he adores you. He'd follow you to the ends of the Earth if you asked and I can't blame him. You don't call him often, worry that he wants to settle down too soon.

You've made my year. It'll be hard not to overemphasise you in my thesis acknowledgements. But I know you, you're tired. Your project is ambitious and academia isn't kind to anyone. You're going to leave soon, and I don't know when I'll see you again. You might leave for a long time. When you finally return, I worry that your eyes won't know me like I know you.

You seem to think we have a genuine connection, but very much as friends. That can't be helped. I have my own tethers, too. That's why this is even harder than it should be. All that guilt.

I linger on your words, the ones you put on your bedroom wall but have since taken down. "A lot is changing, it's the same old day", you wrote when you turned 26 this year. "They know this stuff. I'm an idiot kid. They know that". Written during our course. I hope I didn't hurt you.

You're right. A lot is changing. But it's the same old day.

Come In Number 51, Your Time Is Up

tfw the liveblog you started to take your mind off Boris Johnson being prime minister has now outlasted both him and his successor

Previously: The time-displaced party reawakened the Wind Crystal.

Currently: The party returns to Florem, where the timelines are becoming harder to reconcile.

The city itself is in much the state it was before, with the Bloodrose Legion’s plan clearly in effect. Interestingly, it seems that the Sacred Flower Festival has already happened, with someone called Birgit winning rather than Victoria. Even more noteworthy is the fact that Olivia is already dead(!) and has been for six months(!!). Killed by an earthquake in the hidden village. Huh. Not really sure what to make of that. There have been other changes to this timeline, but this feels like a much bigger one. Also, the others all seemed to be in service of helping the party fit into this timeline as seamlessly as possible, whereas this change doesn’t really seem to serve any such purpose. Which means I might have been making too many assumptions about the benevolence of who or what is in control of all this.

According to the Matriarch, Olivia did leave behind a successor, but she was rejected by the Orthodoxy due to an illness. That seems like an odd decision on their part, given how desperate things have gotten for them. Indeed, given the general state of Florem, I’m kind of surprised to learn that there’s anything of the Orthodoxy’s hierarchy left here. In any event, it seems to be a moot point; as in the previous timeline, the Matriarch has found a young girl with the potential to become a new Vestal.

Once again, a lot of the work appears to have been done already, with the only exception being boss battles. Speaking of which...

Mephilia is again waiting at the end of the Florem Gardens, killing fairies. Her reaction to seeing Edea with Agnès is pretty negative, as one might expect, although it seems like she wasn’t too big a fan of Edea to begin with. In fact, from the way she talks, it seems like she’s not all that big on humanity as a concept; the filthiness of humans in general, and their dishonesty in particular, being a recurring theme. The apparent friendship between Edea & Agnès, for example, is nothing more than a façade in her eyes, but despite wondering aloud how long it can possibly last, she doesn’t seem to care much about finding out; instead preferring to try and kill them both right now.

In contrast to the last few rematches, beating Mephilia is very easy, needing only a few turns. Afterwards, as she lays dying, she asks to know where her killers came from, implying that she knows the party aren’t from this timeline. She dies before she can elaborate, leaving only confusion in her wake.

Next, Twisted Treetop. Not much to talk about here; the conversation with Artemia is almost identical to the first time around, and while the battle is a bit tougher than Mephilia, it’s still not too bad. Afterwards, the party automatically return to Florem to explain what the Petalhue Dye really is. Weird that we redid the conclusion to that story, but not the hairpin one.

Well, since we’re back here, may as well take down DeRosa. Knowing about him in advance allows us to skip Edea’s sting operation and bust into his lab directly. He’s a little surprised to have visitors and even more surprised that they know exactly what he’s doing down there. Noticing Edea, he points out that her father gave his full approval to this project, so she should have no reason to interfere. While she had presumably already guessed as much, having it confirmed is probably a little disillusioning. Not enough to stop her from trying to put a stop to the project however, and so it’s Go Time.

He’s kind of annoying; None of his attacks are that bad, but he has Revenge, which lets him build up enough BP to be able to spam them most turns and still have time to heal himself. The constant use of that fucking cologne is also a problem. Eventually, we get the best of him, leaving Edea & Ringabel to discuss what he said about Braev having given the go-ahead for his plan: Turns out it was a lie. In fact, according to DeRosa’s own notes on the subject, it was done without Braev’s knowledge, and against Heinkel’s wishes, as part of a wider scheme to eventually overthrow both of them. This naturally comes as a relief for Edea, and, for some reason, allows her to equip the bravo bikini now. I have no idea why this would unlock that, but it does.

OK then.

Punting the start of this idea out so I can get back to work on other things

The Eternian Board of Girl Power meetings were supposed to be the one good thing she had. They were her own initiative, and she could talk and have fun with Artemia Venus and Kikyo Konoe, playing that they were all friends and not simply three lonely misfits. The meetings were for eating cookies and admiring Artemia's frosti charms. They weren't for seizures. She made sure of that; she tried to schedule meetings when she felt good enough to be pleasant to the other girls and outright canceled them if she had any suspicion an attack was coming.

But her 'good' days, which had never been all that good to start with, had been less often and less reliable lately. She was afraid she'd used them all up. And now...

"Kikyo, find Victor! Victoria, stay strong!"

"No...no!" Victoria protested, but Artemia squeezed her hand reassuring as the ranger's other hand pressed down on her shoulder, holding her in place during the seizure.

"Victoria is strong! Fight! Victor will come help."

Kikyo had already disappeared from her sight, and her spasms were getting worse--the seizure was intensifying. The fear pushed a scream from her mouth. "NO! Don't get Victor! Don't you dare! Please!"

Victoria couldn't see if Artemia understood, couldn't tell the girl's expression at all behind her garish, stupid wolf mask, and she kept pushing through the pain, trying to make the girl understand. She'd been getting worse for months--she knew it, Victor knew it--Victor was desperate--he'd been experimenting--vampirism--immortality, really? An eternity of pain?--just like his father--if he was that eager to make her life hell she'd kill him first--just like his father--she'd kill Artemia if she didn't listen--if she didn't...please...

Halfway through she could tell she was babbling, didn't know when her words had lost their string, her thoughts dropping and scattering like beads off a broken charm. She kept trying, trying, but her tongue was thick in her mouth and--

She woke up still in pain, but now it was the usual throb. The seizure was over. She was on something soft and comfortable and she closed her eyes, sickened by the tears she could already feel coming up.

They must have taken her back to Eternia. Victor knew and now he would never let her out of sight, he'd rush the weird research he'd been doing with that vampire's hair and try to use the results on her. What could she hope for? She knew too well how terribly occult magic and living bodies could combine. Her highest hope was for it to be absolutely useless and her worst fear was that she'd live in pain without end for eternity because Victor just couldn't let her die.

She heard a door crack open, and her worry turned into fury. She had to strike first. He couldn't do this, he couldn't, it was bad enough that Vincent had and she would never let Victor repeat his father's mistake--

"Oh, so you do live."

A bored observation in an unmistakably female voice. Definitely not Victor. Not Kikyo or Artemia, either, as this woman had a thin, high, almost reedy voice. Victoria opened her eyes to see... Mephilia Venus?

The woman tilted her head. "Artemia says you were quite insistent about not wanting Victor, so she brought you home." Indeed, the walls of the room were not the heavy stonework of one of the healing towers or Victor's lab. Instead, they were the natural brown of a wood cabin and decorated with maps and black-and-white photographs, all dusty and aged. "But that was incredibly dangerous. You seemed all too ready to pass through death's door. So I must ask: are you ready to get treatment now? Or are you planning to die?"

She presented the options so starkly and dispassionately that Victoria snarled, but she wasn't wrong. Victor was the only one capable of keeping her alive long-term. She had been lucky to not die this time...if she could call herself lucky. She could court death, or she could risk seeing what depths the younger Court might sink to in the face of failure.

The vampire's hair...eternity... "I think I made myself quite clear to Artemia," Victoria gritted out, though she still couldn't remember how much she'd managed to tell the ranger. Enough that the girl had taken her back to her home instead of to Victor, apparently. Enough. "I don't want to see him! I'd rather die!"

Mephilia sighed, putting a hand to her chin. "Einheria is not going to like this... but I'll respect your wishes. If you change your mind at any time, please, do tell us. I'll get you water and some food. Artemia is out hunting at the moment. Best you be ready for her return; I imagine she'll be loud when she learns you're awake. She was worried about you. Konoe, too."

"Oh...okay," Victoria squeaked. She hadn't been ready for the lack of arguing from the summoner. Nor had she been expecting her other words. Artemia and Kikyo both worried about her? That...huh. She was too worn out to think on that much further, slumping against the pillows. There were bigger things to worry about anyway. Victor, and the next few days. Death, and eternity.

Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Anti-oxidant Screening of Psidium Guajava Leaves Grown in Oman-Juniper Publishers

Psidium guajava (guava) belongs to the family Myrtaceae, is a most important medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory disturbances and used as anti-inflammatory medicine. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity capacities of various crude extracts of the leaves of guava. Dried plant material macerated in ethanol gave crude extract that was Kupchan’s partitioned into hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions. The cytotoxicity activity was carried out by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and antimicrobial activity was determined by agar disc diffusion method against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aurues using four different concentrations of each extract including 250, 500, 1000, and2000μg/ml. Cytotoxicity was estimated using brine shrimp test. 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used for radical scavenging analysis. All extracts did not show any cytotoxicity or antibacterial activity at any of the tested concentration but all extracts showed potent radical scavenging activity, the highest is seen with the hydro-alcoholic and ethyl acetate extracts.Keywords: Gujava Psidium; Crude extracts; Antioxidant; Antimicrobial; Cytotoxicactivity; Oman

Abbreviations: GUAVA: Psidium Guajava; DDPH: 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl

Introduction

Guava (PsidiumguajavaL L inn.) is commonly known for its food and nutritional values throughout the world. The medicinal properties of guava fruit, leaf and other parts of the plant are also well known in traditional system of medicine since each part of guava tree possesses economic and medicinal value [1,2]. It is distributed in some Arabic countries; Saudi Arabia, Oman and Egypt [3-10]. The biochemical analyses of the crude extracts from leaves and fruits indicated the presence of different group of compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, phenols, triterpenes, saponins, carotenoids, lectins, vitamins, fiber and fatty acids [4,11]. This plant also contains sugar, resins and glycosides [12]. The literature survey reveals that no research has been done on Omani guava. Therefore the present study was to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of different leaves crude extracts of guava native to Sultanate of Oman..

Experimental

a. Materials

Hexane, ethanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate were used in this experiment obtained Sigma-Aldrich Company, UK. The other necessary chemicals such as 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, (DPPH), sodium sulfate etc. was obtained from BDH, Germany. Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas,) were from Biological Department, College of Art and Science, University of Nizwa. Filter paper discs of diameter 6 mm were obtained from Whatmann Company, catalogue number: 8174900. Nutrient ager and plastic Petri dishes were from SharlauChemie Company. Brine shrimp eggs (ARTEMIA CYSTS) were purchased from GOAQUA, Taiwan. Sea salt was obtained from Al-Qurum Muscat. All the glassware used in this present experiment was from Borosil, India.

b. Instruments

UV spectra were recorded on Thermo spectronic spectrophotometer (Great Britain, UK, Model No. Biomate) Ultra speck in methanol (λmax in nm). Rotatory evaporator was used Yamato Rotary Evaporator, Model RE 801, Japan. Incubator used in this experiment obtained from Gen Lab Model: MINO/75F, Serial number: Y5K041.

c. Plant Material

The leaves samples were collected from Alsharqia region, Sultanate of Oman in October 2012. The fresh leave samples were packed instantly after harvesting. The samples were washed with tap water to remove the dust and other foreign particles. The plant was identified and confirmed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.

d. Extraction

The samples were dried under shade at room temperature for 7 days. The dried samples (139.45g) were macerated in absolute ethanol (2L) for 7days to give crude extract. The residue was suspended in ethanol/water mixture of 1:1 ratio then extracted successively with hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. All solvents were later removed under vacuum using rotatory evaporator.

e. Anti-bacterial test

The antibacterial test was carried out by agar disc diffusion method [13]. Each extract was subjected to serial dilution technique, using dimethyl sulphoxide as a solvent to give Concentrations of 2000, 1000, 500, and 250 μg/ml. Filter paper discs (6 mm diameter) were Impregnated with each concentration and placed on the agar plates inoculated with the bacteria. Negative controls were prepared using the same solvents employed to dissolve the samples. The plates were incubated micro aerobically at 37ºC for 24 h. Anti-bacterial activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the zones of inhibition against the tested bacteria. Each assay was done in triplicate.

f. Brine shrimp test

Brine shrimp (Artemiasalina Leach) larvae were used as indicator animal for preliminary cytotoxicity assay as described by McLaughlin and his group [14]. Shrimp larvae were hatched in artificial sea water prepared by dissolving 38g of sea salt in distilled water (IL). The sea salt was placed in a small tank divided into two compartments byPerforated polythene wall. About 50mg of GOAQUA brine shrimp eggs were sprinkled at covered chamber of duo compartment plastic container. The open compartment was illuminated to attract the shrimp larvae from the dark compartment once were hatched within 24 hours.

g. Brine shrimp lethality test

Solutions corresponding to 10, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mcg/ml were prepared in six vials by serial dilution of the stock samples (10mg/ml).Each experiment was done in triplicate. A total of 10 larvae were transferred in each vial and the solutions were diluted to 5 ml by adding the artificial sea water. Mean percent mortalities of the larvae were calculated after 24 hours of exposure.

h. Radical scavenging activity using DPPH method

Free radical scavenging activity of different organic extracts was estimated as described by Blois [15] with minor modification. Four concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm equivalent to 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml, respectively) were prepared for each extract (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and hydroethanol. Four ml from each concentration were placed in a test tube to which one milliliter of 0.1 mM methanol solution of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was added and shaken vigorously. After that all the test tubes were allowed to stand at 27 ºC in dark place for 45 min. The control was prepared in the same way but without adding extract. The absorbance of the prepared samples was measured using UV spectroscopy at 517nm. Radical scavenging activity of the tested crude extracts samples was estimated as the inhibition percentage and was calculated by using the following formula,

Results and Discussion

a. Anti-microbial studies

Previous studies which were done by Gonclaves, et al. [4] showed that there was some activity against S.aureus on the hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and methanol extract, but at high concentration of the three extract showed activity against E. coli and only the methanolic extract showed activity against Salmonella spp [4]. In a study that was done in Jordan, Psudium guava acetone extract showed sensitivity to Provenciastearti, Providenciarettgeri, Strepoccus group c, Staphylococcus auress, Candidealbicans. There was no activity against Proteus vulgaris, E. coli, Salmonella ssp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptoccusfaecalis found [12].Penecilla, et al. [13] in the Philippines showed that the leaves acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts had inhibitive activity but not for the hexane extract [13]. The four extracts hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and hydro alcoholic didn’t show activity against gram +ve or gram -ve bacteria. This variation from other studies might be attributed to variation in environment, including day length, light intensity, ambient temperature, rainfall, soil or season of collection. All the crude extracts did not show any mortality at any concentration.

b. Anti-oxidant activity

The radical scavenging activity of the different crude extracts of guava leaves are presented in Figure 1. All extracts showed high radical scavenging activity at 50μg/ml concentrations, the hydro-alcoholic and the chloroform extract exhibited more scavenging effects on free radicals than did the hexane and ethyl acetate extract. On the basis of the results obtained, guava Hydro-alcoholic and chloroform extracts the leaf of Guava can be used for a variety of beneficial chemo-preventive effects. However, further studies on the antioxidative components of guava extracts are required.

For more Open Access Journals in Juniper Publishers please click on: https://juniperpublishers.comFor more articles in Global Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/gjpps/index.phpFor more Open Access Journals please click on: https://juniperpublishers.comTo know more about Juniper Publishers please click on: https://juniperpublishers.business.site/

Fwd: Postdoc: ISTAustria.EvolutionaryGenomics

Begin forwarded message: > From: [email protected] > Subject: Postdoc: ISTAustria.EvolutionaryGenomics > Date: 23 November 2019 at 06:51:50 GMT > To: [email protected] > > > > A postdoctoral position in population and evolutionary genomics is > available in the Vicoso group at the Institute of Science and Technology, > Austria. The general focus of the lab is the evolution of sex chromosomes, > which we investigate using a combination of experimental and computational > approaches. Questions that motivate our research include: why do some > Y/W chromosomes degenerate while other remain homomorphic? What forces > drive some species to acquire global dosage compensation, while others > only compensate specific genes? What are the frequency and molecular > dynamics of sex-chromosome turnover? > > The successful applicant will work on an ERC-funded project investigating > the influence of sex-specific selection on genome evolution. This will > entail a combination of comparative genomics and population genetics in > sexual and asexual species of the brine shrimp Artemia. > > Applicants should have obtained, or anticipate obtaining by the start > date, a PhD in biology, genetics, bioinformatics, or a related field. A > strong background in one or more the following areas is highly desired: > - population genetics > - comparative genomics > - molecular evolution > - bioinformatics > The initial appointment is for two years, with the possibility of > extension and a minimum salary of 49,070 Euros per year (gross). > > IST Austria (www.ist.ac.at) is a young and vibrant institute dedicated > to basic research, with a strong focus on evolutionary biology > (other EB groups include those of Nick Barton, Sylvia Cremer and > Fedya Kondrashov) and ties to several evolutionary groups in the area > (https://ift.tt/37xhcVu). We are located on the outskirts of Vienna, > and the official language of the institute is English. > > To apply, send a short summary of research interests, a CV, up to three > relevant publications/manuscripts, and the names and contact information > for three references to Beatriz Vicoso ([email protected]). The review of > applications will start on December 15st and continue until the position > is filled. The start date is flexible, but early 2020 would be preferable. > > More information on the lab is available at: > https://ift.tt/2QQ2D9w > > [email protected] > via IFTTT

These Tiny Creatures Can Swirl the Ocean

By Dr. Mercola

While most of us give it little consideration, researchers are modeling ocean circulation in labs to figure out potential ways to improve the health of the Earth’s largest bodies of water. Now, it turns out oceanographers may be able to harness the energy of zooplankton — some of the tiniest ocean creatures — to potentially influence nutrient flows, ocean chemistry and maybe even the climate.

While the work to date has been conducted in tall tanks inside research labs, it’s possible field studies may one day validate an important new role for some of the most abundant animals on the planet. As large groups of brine shrimp, for example, swim up all at once, they force ocean water down, effectively churning and mixing it. This action is important because ocean water, due to differences in salinity and temperature, stratifies into layers that don’t mix easily.

Researchers suggest if large-scale turbulence by creatures such as krill could be accomplished in the ocean, it could potentially affect the climate. If you are not yet a fan of krill, this may be just one more reason to appreciate these amazing coldwater crustaceans. The best reason to love krill, in my opinion, is because they provide one of the most beneficial forms of animal-based omega-3 fatty acids. Among other benefits, omega-3s promote heart, joint, skin and vision health.

Turbulence Caused by Shrimp and Krill May Have Beneficial Effect on Oceans

A study published in the journal Nature1 suggests turbulence generated by tiny marine life, when harnessed on a large scale, could be a significant factor in nutrient transport and ocean chemistry. Using tall tanks and LED and laser lights, scientists from Stanford University were able to create a simulated environment to study the migration patterns of brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Because they are attracted to light, scientists used the lights to draw the brine shrimp, also known as sea monkeys, up to the surface.

In the process of swimming up, researchers noticed the shrimp were able to generate swirling eddies that forced water down. Though the effects of individual brine shrimp on saltwater mixing would be negligible due to their tiny size, large groups of them could make a decidedly different impact.

This is believed to be so because the flows generated by the group of shrimp were powerful enough to mix the tank's salt gradient. "They weren't just displacing fluid that then returned to its original location," said Stanford University graduate student Isabel Houghton, coauthor of the study. "Everything mixed irreversibly."2

According to ScienceNews,3 brine shrimp moving vertically in two lab tanks created small eddies that aggregated into a large jet powerful enough to mix what would otherwise remain isolated layers of ocean water with different densities. With a fluid velocity of about 0.4 to 0.8 inches (1 to 2 centimeters) per second, the jet enabled shallow waters to mix with deeper, saltier waters.

Given the successful lab outcomes, in-ocean turbulence generated by multitudes of tiny sea creatures such as krill could potentially be powerful enough to extend hundreds of meters beneath the water’s surface.4 Said the study authors, “The results illustrate the potential for marine zooplankton to considerably alter the physical and biogeochemical structure of the water column, with potentially widespread effects owing to their high abundance in climatically important regions of the ocean.”5

Next Step Is to Try to Replicate Downward Jets in the Ocean

The current research builds on a 2014 study6 written, in part, by fluid dynamics expert John Dabiri, Ph.D., a professor of civil and environmental engineering and mechanical engineering at Stanford University, that introduced the tank and lighting setup used in the current work. “The original thinking is these animals would flap their appendages and create little eddies about the same size as their bodies,” said Dabiri.7 

Using LED and laser lights to simulate the vertical migration brine shrimp undergo daily — rising up at night to find food on the water’s surface and diving down during daytime hours to avoid potential predators — Dabiri and his colleagues noticed the tens of thousands of lab shrimp migrated in close proximity.

“As one animal swims upward, it’s kicking backward,” Dabiri noted.8 As such, each parcel of water is kicked downward by another shrimp and another and so on. The total effect is a downward rush that gets stronger as the vertical migration continues.

The water movement eventually extends nearly as deep as the entire migrating group, which when applied in the ocean could generate effects for hundreds of meters. The researchers believe if the creatures can effectively mix simulated ocean-water layers in the lab, the chances are good they can do the same in the ocean.9

The lab method helped magnify the efforts of individual shrimp and generated a swirling effect potentially useful in delivering nutrient-rich deep waters to the ocean’s surface. Once there, these deeper waters could benefit a wide variety of marine life, such as phytoplankton, which live near the surface. Now that the downward jets have been observed, Dabiri suggests the next step would be to attempt to replicate the lab results in the ocean using shipboard measurements.10

The future work would involve locating and tracking swarms of krill in locations as diverse as the California coast and the frigid waters of the Antarctic.11 In ocean conditions, the power of tiny creatures such as krill are expected to generate similar effects as those noted when using brine shrimp.

It’s possible, suggests Dabiri, the current findings might apply to not only krill, which dwell in the upper kilometer of the ocean, but also to fish, jellyfish, mammals and squid — all of which swim even deeper and have the potential to churn the entire water column.

As for the use of brine shrimp in their lab experiments, the researchers called them “a stand-in for less lab-hardy krill.”12 Recognized as one of the most common zooplankton, krill are abundant marine organisms known to make their daily migrations in giant swarms. Similar to brine shrimp, they dive hundreds of meters deep during daytime hours and return to the ocean's surface at night to feed.

Could Collective Turbulence Generated by Tiny Sea Creatures Positively Affect the Environment?

“At the heart of the investigation is the question about whether life in the ocean, as it moves about the environment, does any important ‘mixing,’” states William Dewar, Ph.D., professor of oceanography at Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida. “These results argue quite compellingly that they do, and strongly counter the concern most marine life is simply too small in size to matter.”13 

Furthermore, Dewar believes the Stanford work brings to light the importance of ocean mixing to the global climate cycle. He suggests the cumulative effect of mixing could be helpful in churning up nutrients to not only feed phytoplankton blooms, but also aid gas exchange with the atmosphere.

Writing for Phys.org, Amy Adams, director of science communications at Stanford University, says this marks the first time migrating zooplankton have been shown to effectively create turbulence on a scale large enough to mix the ocean's waters. “The work could alter the way ocean scientists think about global nutrient cycles like carbon, phosphate and oxygen or even ocean currents themselves,” says Adams.14 Dabiri added:15

"Ocean dynamics are directly connected to global climate through interactions with the atmosphere. The fact swimming animals could play a significant role in ocean mixing — an idea that has been almost heretical in oceanography — could therefore have consequences far beyond the immediate waters where the animals reside."

Furthermore, Dabiri believes the findings may help scientists understand how the ocean pulls carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, leading to updates in ocean climate models. "Right now, a lot of our ocean climate models don't include the effects of animals or if they do it's as passive participants in the process," Dabiri said.16 Adams believes “the findings could change the way ocean scientists think about the role of animals in influencing their watery environment — and potentially our climate on land.”17

Why Krill Oil Is a Better Choice Than Fish Oil

While the news scientists may be able to harness the swimming power of krill and other marine creatures for mixing ocean water is exciting, I would like to turn your attention to a more personal way krill can benefit you. For many years, I have been recommending krill oil — going so far to suggest it become your go-to source of animal-based omega-3 fats.

Particularly if you are not eating safe sources of seafood like anchovies, sardines or wild Alaskan salmon on a regular basis, you will want to take an omega-3 supplement. While krill oil is often compared to fish oil, there are actually a number of differences between the two that make krill a far superior choice.

Below are six reasons why krill oil is a better choice than fish oil for omega-3 supplementation. Besides being an excellent source of the essential long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) your body needs, krill oil is a better choice than fish oil because it is:18

Bioavailable

Whereas most of the potential benefit of fish oil can be lost due to poor absorption, krill oil is more bioavailable because its omega-3s are attached to phospholipids, which carry nutrients directly to your cell membranes where they are more readily absorbed. They can also cross your blood-brain barrier to reach important brain structures.

Furthermore, phospholipids are also one of the principal compounds in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), which your body needs in healthy amounts. In contrast, fish oil omega-3s attach to triglycerides that must be broken down in your gut, where as much as 80 to 90 percent of it is eliminated in your large intestine.

Burp-free

If you’ve ever taken fish oil, you may be aware of the unpleasant side effects — such as a fishy aftertaste, burps and indigestion — known to accompany the consumption of fish oil capsules. Given their composition and the fact they come in smaller capsules, krill is burp-free.

Contaminant-free

While fish oil may be contaminated with mercury, krill has very low levels of this and other toxins mainly because it is found at the bottom of the food chain. As such, it feeds on phytoplankton, whereas most fish feed on other fish that have been accumulating mercury and other toxic compounds. Krill comes from the Antarctic, which is considered the cleanest ocean on the planet, thereby making krill the purest source of omega-3s.

Potent

In a 2011 study published in the journal Lipids,19 researchers gave subjects up to 63 percent less krill-based EPA/DHA as the fish oil group, yet both groups showed equivalent blood levels — proving krill was more potent than fish oil, meaning you may be able to take less of it to achieve the same result.

Stable

Because krill oil contains a powerful antioxidant called astaxanthin, unlike fish oil, it will not oxidize in your cabinet, or worse, in your stomach. Its antioxidant power also protects your body from free radicals. Because fish oil oxidizes easily, it promotes free radical damage.

In laboratory tests, krill oil remained undamaged after being exposed to a steady flow of oxygen for 190 hours. Compare that to fish oil, which went rancid after just one hour. This makes krill oil nearly 200 times more resistant to oxidative damage than fish oil.

Sustainable

Krill makes up the largest biomass in the world — an estimated 500 million tons20 — and less than 1 to 2 percent of ocean krill are harvested annually. The Antarctic krill population is highly regulated and monitored by several high-profile organizations to promote sustainability, ensuring it is not overfished. Learn more about krill sustainability.

Animal-Based Omega-3s Are Beneficial to Your Heart, Eyes and More

Increasing your omega-3 intake may benefit your heart. Research published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings21 involving the review of 34 studies on EPA and DHA, confirmed those who consume fish and/or an omega-3 supplement (such as krill oil) may help reduce their risk of coronary heart disease. Higher-risk populations, such as those with elevated triglyceride or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, seemed to benefit even more from omega-3s than their healthier counterparts.

In terms of supporting healthy vision, astaxanthin — the powerful antioxidant found in krill oil — has emerged as the best carotenoid for eye health and the prevention of blindness. Astaxanthin provides protective benefits against a number of eye-related problems, including:

Age-related macular degeneration

Glaucoma

Cataracts

Inflammatory eye diseases such as iritis, keratitis, retinitis and scleritis

Cystoid macular edema

Retinal arterial occlusion

Diabetic retinopathy

Venous occlusion

Beyond your heart and vision, omega-3s also provide vital support to your body in terms of supporting your brain function, joints and skin, among other areas. For more strategies and tips about omega-3s, check out my Practical Guide to Omega-3 Benefits and Supplementation.

The Best Way to Track Your Omega-3 Level Is With the Omega-3 Index

Whether you eat fatty fish or take a daily krill supplement, the best way to determine your required dose of omega-3 is to measure your level using the omega-3 index. Since requirements for omega-3 vary depending on your diet and exercise habits, it’s best to do the omega-3 index blood test. Watch the video above to learn more about what it measures.

As part of a consumer-sponsored research project, GrassrootsHealth has created a cost-effective test kit to measure both your vitamin D and omega-3 index. By studying the levels of these two nutrients in the general population, researchers hope to better understand how vitamin D and omega-3 levels impact human health. The data gathered using this third-party test kit will enable scientists to analyze potential links between these two vital nutrients.

>>>>> Click Here <<<<<

from HealthyLife via Jake Glover on Inoreader https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2018/05/05/krill-may-play-role-mixing-ocean.aspx

*A 16 year old child is put in the lab by one of the other scientists for research purposes.*

(ooc: Sorry for the random starter I am just bored)

- @2asta2

(what kind of research purposes lol (it’s fine but I don’t know what to do with that without details lmao) (also do you have any like boundaries and stuff because if this is a detailed RP then I will warn you, Artemia’s experiments are not the best thing to happen to the world)

These Tiny Creatures Can Swirl the Ocean

By Dr. Mercola

While most of us give it little consideration, researchers are modeling ocean circulation in labs to figure out potential ways to improve the health of the Earth's largest bodies of water. Now, it turns out oceanographers may be able to harness the energy of zooplankton - some of the tiniest ocean creatures - to potentially influence nutrient flows, ocean chemistry and maybe even the climate.

While the work to date has been conducted in tall tanks inside research labs, it's possible field studies may one day validate an important new role for some of the most abundant animals on the planet. As large groups of brine shrimp, for example, swim up all at once, they force ocean water down, effectively churning and mixing it. This action is important because ocean water, due to differences in salinity and temperature, stratifies into layers that don't mix easily.

Researchers suggest if large-scale turbulence by creatures such as krill could be accomplished in the ocean, it could potentially affect the climate. If you are not yet a fan of krill, this may be just one more reason to appreciate these amazing coldwater crustaceans. The best reason to love krill, in my opinion, is because they provide one of the most beneficial forms of animal-based omega-3 fatty acids. Among other benefits, omega-3s promote heart, joint, skin and vision health.

Turbulence Caused by Shrimp and Krill May Have Beneficial Effect on Oceans

A study published in the journal Nature1 suggests turbulence generated by tiny marine life, when harnessed on a large scale, could be a significant factor in nutrient transport and ocean chemistry. Using tall tanks and LED and laser lights, scientists from Stanford University were able to create a simulated environment to study the migration patterns of brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Because they are attracted to light, scientists used the lights to draw the brine shrimp, also known as sea monkeys, up to the surface.

In the process of swimming up, researchers noticed the shrimp were able to generate swirling eddies that forced water down. Though the effects of individual brine shrimp on saltwater mixing would be negligible due to their tiny size, large groups of them could make a decidedly different impact.

This is believed to be so because the flows generated by the group of shrimp were powerful enough to mix the tank's salt gradient. "They weren't just displacing fluid that then returned to its original location," said Stanford University graduate student Isabel Houghton, coauthor of the study. "Everything mixed irreversibly."2

According to ScienceNews,3 brine shrimp moving vertically in two lab tanks created small eddies that aggregated into a large jet powerful enough to mix what would otherwise remain isolated layers of ocean water with different densities. With a fluid velocity of about 0.4 to 0.8 inches (1 to 2 centimeters) per second, the jet enabled shallow waters to mix with deeper, saltier waters.

Given the successful lab outcomes, in-ocean turbulence generated by multitudes of tiny sea creatures such as krill could potentially be powerful enough to extend hundreds of meters beneath the water's surface.4 Said the study authors, “The results illustrate the potential for marine zooplankton to considerably alter the physical and biogeochemical structure of the water column, with potentially widespread effects owing to their high abundance in climatically important regions of the ocean.”5

Next Step Is to Try to Replicate Downward Jets in the Ocean

The current research builds on a 2014 study6 written, in part, by fluid dynamics expert John Dabiri, Ph.D., a professor of civil and environmental engineering and mechanical engineering at Stanford University, that introduced the tank and lighting setup used in the current work. “The original thinking is these animals would flap their appendages and create little eddies about the same size as their bodies,” said Dabiri.7 

Using LED and laser lights to simulate the vertical migration brine shrimp undergo daily - rising up at night to find food on the water's surface and diving down during daytime hours to avoid potential predators - Dabiri and his colleagues noticed the tens of thousands of lab shrimp migrated in close proximity.

“As one animal swims upward, it's kicking backward,” Dabiri noted.8 As such, each parcel of water is kicked downward by another shrimp and another and so on. The total effect is a downward rush that gets stronger as the vertical migration continues.

The water movement eventually extends nearly as deep as the entire migrating group, which when applied in the ocean could generate effects for hundreds of meters. The researchers believe if the creatures can effectively mix simulated ocean-water layers in the lab, the chances are good they can do the same in the ocean.9

The lab method helped magnify the efforts of individual shrimp and generated a swirling effect potentially useful in delivering nutrient-rich deep waters to the ocean's surface. Once there, these deeper waters could benefit a wide variety of marine life, such as phytoplankton, which live near the surface. Now that the downward jets have been observed, Dabiri suggests the next step would be to attempt to replicate the lab results in the ocean using shipboard measurements.10

The future work would involve locating and tracking swarms of krill in locations as diverse as the California coast and the frigid waters of the Antarctic.11 In ocean conditions, the power of tiny creatures such as krill are expected to generate similar effects as those noted when using brine shrimp.

It's possible, suggests Dabiri, the current findings might apply to not only krill, which dwell in the upper kilometer of the ocean, but also to fish, jellyfish, mammals and squid - all of which swim even deeper and have the potential to churn the entire water column.

As for the use of brine shrimp in their lab experiments, the researchers called them “a stand-in for less lab-hardy krill.”12 Recognized as one of the most common zooplankton, krill are abundant marine organisms known to make their daily migrations in giant swarms. Similar to brine shrimp, they dive hundreds of meters deep during daytime hours and return to the ocean's surface at night to feed.

Could Collective Turbulence Generated by Tiny Sea Creatures Positively Affect the Environment?

“At the heart of the investigation is the question about whether life in the ocean, as it moves about the environment, does any important 'mixing,'” states William Dewar, Ph.D., professor of oceanography at Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida. “These results argue quite compellingly that they do, and strongly counter the concern most marine life is simply too small in size to matter.”13 

Furthermore, Dewar believes the Stanford work brings to light the importance of ocean mixing to the global climate cycle. He suggests the cumulative effect of mixing could be helpful in churning up nutrients to not only feed phytoplankton blooms, but also aid gas exchange with the atmosphere.

Writing for Phys.org, Amy Adams, director of science communications at Stanford University, says this marks the first time migrating zooplankton have been shown to effectively create turbulence on a scale large enough to mix the ocean's waters. “The work could alter the way ocean scientists think about global nutrient cycles like carbon, phosphate and oxygen or even ocean currents themselves,” says Adams.14 Dabiri added:15

"Ocean dynamics are directly connected to global climate through interactions with the atmosphere. The fact swimming animals could play a significant role in ocean mixing - an idea that has been almost heretical in oceanography - could therefore have consequences far beyond the immediate waters where the animals reside."

Furthermore, Dabiri believes the findings may help scientists understand how the ocean pulls carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, leading to updates in ocean climate models. "Right now, a lot of our ocean climate models don't include the effects of animals or if they do it's as passive participants in the process," Dabiri said.16 Adams believes “the findings could change the way ocean scientists think about the role of animals in influencing their watery environment - and potentially our climate on land.”17

Why Krill Oil Is a Better Choice Than Fish Oil

While the news scientists may be able to harness the swimming power of krill and other marine creatures for mixing ocean water is exciting, I would like to turn your attention to a more personal way krill can benefit you. For many years, I have been recommending krill oil - going so far to suggest it become your go-to source of animal-based omega-3 fats.

Particularly if you are not eating safe sources of seafood like anchovies, sardines or wild Alaskan salmon on a regular basis, you will want to take an omega-3 supplement. While krill oil is often compared to fish oil, there are actually a number of differences between the two that make krill a far superior choice.

Below are six reasons why krill oil is a better choice than fish oil for omega-3 supplementation. Besides being an excellent source of the essential long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) your body needs, krill oil is a better choice than fish oil because it is:18

Bioavailable

Whereas most of the potential benefit of fish oil can be lost due to poor absorption, krill oil is more bioavailable because its omega-3s are attached to phospholipids, which carry nutrients directly to your cell membranes where they are more readily absorbed. They can also cross your blood-brain barrier to reach important brain structures.

Furthermore, phospholipids are also one of the principal compounds in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), which your body needs in healthy amounts. In contrast, fish oil omega-3s attach to triglycerides that must be broken down in your gut, where as much as 80 to 90 percent of it is eliminated in your large intestine.

Burp-free

If you've ever taken fish oil, you may be aware of the unpleasant side effects - such as a fishy aftertaste, burps and indigestion - known to accompany the consumption of fish oil capsules. Given their composition and the fact they come in smaller capsules, krill is burp-free.

Contaminant-free

While fish oil may be contaminated with mercury, krill has very low levels of this and other toxins mainly because it is found at the bottom of the food chain. As such, it feeds on phytoplankton, whereas most fish feed on other fish that have been accumulating mercury and other toxic compounds. Krill comes from the Antarctic, which is considered the cleanest ocean on the planet, thereby making krill the purest source of omega-3s.

Potent

In a 2011 study published in the journal Lipids,19 researchers gave subjects up to 63 percent less krill-based EPA/DHA as the fish oil group, yet both groups showed equivalent blood levels - proving krill was more potent than fish oil, meaning you may be able to take less of it to achieve the same result.

Stable

Because krill oil contains a powerful antioxidant called astaxanthin, unlike fish oil, it will not oxidize in your cabinet, or worse, in your stomach. Its antioxidant power also protects your body from free radicals. Because fish oil oxidizes easily, it promotes free radical damage.

In laboratory tests, krill oil remained undamaged after being exposed to a steady flow of oxygen for 190 hours. Compare that to fish oil, which went rancid after just one hour. This makes krill oil nearly 200 times more resistant to oxidative damage than fish oil.

Sustainable

Krill makes up the largest biomass in the world - an estimated 500 million tons20 - and less than 1 to 2 percent of ocean krill are harvested annually. The Antarctic krill population is highly regulated and monitored by several high-profile organizations to promote sustainability, ensuring it is not overfished. Learn more about krill sustainability.

Animal-Based Omega-3s Are Beneficial to Your Heart, Eyes and More

Increasing your omega-3 intake may benefit your heart. Research published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings21 involving the review of 34 studies on EPA and DHA, confirmed those who consume fish and/or an omega-3 supplement (such as krill oil) may help reduce their risk of coronary heart disease. Higher-risk populations, such as those with elevated triglyceride or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, seemed to benefit even more from omega-3s than their healthier counterparts.

In terms of supporting healthy vision, astaxanthin - the powerful antioxidant found in krill oil - has emerged as the best carotenoid for eye health and the prevention of blindness. Astaxanthin provides protective benefits against a number of eye-related problems, including:

Age-related macular degeneration

Glaucoma

Cataracts

Inflammatory eye diseases such as iritis, keratitis, retinitis and scleritis

Cystoid macular edema

Retinal arterial occlusion

Diabetic retinopathy

Venous occlusion

Beyond your heart and vision, omega-3s also provide vital support to your body in terms of supporting your brain function, joints and skin, among other areas. For more strategies and tips about omega-3s, check out my Practical Guide to Omega-3 Benefits and Supplementation.

The Best Way to Track Your Omega-3 Level Is With the Omega-3 Index

Whether you eat fatty fish or take a daily krill supplement, the best way to determine your required dose of omega-3 is to measure your level using the omega-3 index. Since requirements for omega-3 vary depending on your diet and exercise habits, it's best to do the omega-3 index blood test. Watch the video above to learn more about what it measures.

As part of a consumer-sponsored research project, GrassrootsHealth has created a cost-effective test kit to measure both your vitamin D and omega-3 index. By studying the levels of these two nutrients in the general population, researchers hope to better understand how vitamin D and omega-3 levels impact human health. The data gathered using this third-party test kit will enable scientists to analyze potential links between these two vital nutrients.

>>>>> Click Here

Krill May Play a Role in Churning and Mixing the Ocean

https://healthandfitnessrecipes.com/?p=1497

By Dr. Mercola

While most of us give it little consideration, researchers are modeling ocean circulation in labs to figure out potential ways to improve the health of the Earth’s largest bodies of water. Now, it turns out oceanographers may be able to harness the energy of zooplankton — some of the tiniest ocean creatures — to potentially influence nutrient flows, ocean chemistry and maybe even the climate.

While the work to date has been conducted in tall tanks inside research labs, it’s possible field studies may one day validate an important new role for some of the most abundant animals on the planet. As large groups of brine shrimp, for example, swim up all at once, they force ocean water down, effectively churning and mixing it. This action is important because ocean water, due to differences in salinity and temperature, stratifies into layers that don’t mix easily.

Researchers suggest if large-scale turbulence by creatures such as krill could be accomplished in the ocean, it could potentially affect the climate. If you are not yet a fan of krill, this may be just one more reason to appreciate these amazing coldwater crustaceans. The best reason to love krill, in my opinion, is because they provide one of the most beneficial forms of animal-based omega-3 fatty acids. Among other benefits, omega-3s promote heart, joint, skin and vision health.

Turbulence Caused by Shrimp and Krill May Have Beneficial Effect on Oceans

A study published in the journal Nature1 suggests turbulence generated by tiny marine life, when harnessed on a large scale, could be a significant factor in nutrient transport and ocean chemistry. Using tall tanks and LED and laser lights, scientists from Stanford University were able to create a simulated environment to study the migration patterns of brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Because they are attracted to light, scientists used the lights to draw the brine shrimp, also known as sea monkeys, up to the surface.

In the process of swimming up, researchers noticed the shrimp were able to generate swirling eddies that forced water down. Though the effects of individual brine shrimp on saltwater mixing would be negligible due to their tiny size, large groups of them could make a decidedly different impact.

This is believed to be so because the flows generated by the group of shrimp were powerful enough to mix the tank's salt gradient. "They weren't just displacing fluid that then returned to its original location," said Stanford University graduate student Isabel Houghton, coauthor of the study. "Everything mixed irreversibly."2

According to ScienceNews,3 brine shrimp moving vertically in two lab tanks created small eddies that aggregated into a large jet powerful enough to mix what would otherwise remain isolated layers of ocean water with different densities. With a fluid velocity of about 0.4 to 0.8 inches (1 to 2 centimeters) per second, the jet enabled shallow waters to mix with deeper, saltier waters.

Given the successful lab outcomes, in-ocean turbulence generated by multitudes of tiny sea creatures such as krill could potentially be powerful enough to extend hundreds of meters beneath the water’s surface.4 Said the study authors, “The results illustrate the potential for marine zooplankton to considerably alter the physical and biogeochemical structure of the water column, with potentially widespread effects owing to their high abundance in climatically important regions of the ocean.”5

Next Step Is to Try to Replicate Downward Jets in the Ocean

The current research builds on a 2014 study6 written, in part, by fluid dynamics expert John Dabiri, Ph.D., a professor of civil and environmental engineering and mechanical engineering at Stanford University, that introduced the tank and lighting setup used in the current work. “The original thinking is these animals would flap their appendages and create little eddies about the same size as their bodies,” said Dabiri.7 

Using LED and laser lights to simulate the vertical migration brine shrimp undergo daily — rising up at night to find food on the water’s surface and diving down during daytime hours to avoid potential predators — Dabiri and his colleagues noticed the tens of thousands of lab shrimp migrated in close proximity.

“As one animal swims upward, it’s kicking backward,” Dabiri noted.8 As such, each parcel of water is kicked downward by another shrimp and another and so on. The total effect is a downward rush that gets stronger as the vertical migration continues.

The water movement eventually extends nearly as deep as the entire migrating group, which when applied in the ocean could generate effects for hundreds of meters. The researchers believe if the creatures can effectively mix simulated ocean-water layers in the lab, the chances are good they can do the same in the ocean.9

The lab method helped magnify the efforts of individual shrimp and generated a swirling effect potentially useful in delivering nutrient-rich deep waters to the ocean’s surface. Once there, these deeper waters could benefit a wide variety of marine life, such as phytoplankton, which live near the surface. Now that the downward jets have been observed, Dabiri suggests the next step would be to attempt to replicate the lab results in the ocean using shipboard measurements.10

The future work would involve locating and tracking swarms of krill in locations as diverse as the California coast and the frigid waters of the Antarctic.11 In ocean conditions, the power of tiny creatures such as krill are expected to generate similar effects as those noted when using brine shrimp.

It’s possible, suggests Dabiri, the current findings might apply to not only krill, which dwell in the upper kilometer of the ocean, but also to fish, jellyfish, mammals and squid — all of which swim even deeper and have the potential to churn the entire water column.

As for the use of brine shrimp in their lab experiments, the researchers called them “a stand-in for less lab-hardy krill.”12 Recognized as one of the most common zooplankton, krill are abundant marine organisms known to make their daily migrations in giant swarms. Similar to brine shrimp, they dive hundreds of meters deep during daytime hours and return to the ocean's surface at night to feed.

Could Collective Turbulence Generated by Tiny Sea Creatures Positively Affect the Environment?

“At the heart of the investigation is the question about whether life in the ocean, as it moves about the environment, does any important ‘mixing,’” states William Dewar, Ph.D., professor of oceanography at Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida. “These results argue quite compellingly that they do, and strongly counter the concern most marine life is simply too small in size to matter.”13 

Furthermore, Dewar believes the Stanford work brings to light the importance of ocean mixing to the global climate cycle. He suggests the cumulative effect of mixing could be helpful in churning up nutrients to not only feed phytoplankton blooms, but also aid gas exchange with the atmosphere.

Writing for Phys.org, Amy Adams, director of science communications at Stanford University, says this marks the first time migrating zooplankton have been shown to effectively create turbulence on a scale large enough to mix the ocean's waters. “The work could alter the way ocean scientists think about global nutrient cycles like carbon, phosphate and oxygen or even ocean currents themselves,” says Adams.14 Dabiri added:15

"Ocean dynamics are directly connected to global climate through interactions with the atmosphere. The fact swimming animals could play a significant role in ocean mixing — an idea that has been almost heretical in oceanography — could therefore have consequences far beyond the immediate waters where the animals reside."

Furthermore, Dabiri believes the findings may help scientists understand how the ocean pulls carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, leading to updates in ocean climate models. "Right now, a lot of our ocean climate models don't include the effects of animals or if they do it's as passive participants in the process," Dabiri said.16 Adams believes “the findings could change the way ocean scientists think about the role of animals in influencing their watery environment — and potentially our climate on land.”17

Why Krill Oil Is a Better Choice Than Fish Oil

While the news scientists may be able to harness the swimming power of krill and other marine creatures for mixing ocean water is exciting, I would like to turn your attention to a more personal way krill can benefit you. For many years, I have been recommending krill oil — going so far to suggest it become your go-to source of animal-based omega-3 fats.

Particularly if you are not eating safe sources of seafood like anchovies, sardines or wild Alaskan salmon on a regular basis, you will want to take an omega-3 supplement. While krill oil is often compared to fish oil, there are actually a number of differences between the two that make krill a far superior choice.

Below are six reasons why krill oil is a better choice than fish oil for omega-3 supplementation. Besides being an excellent source of the essential long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) your body needs, krill oil is a better choice than fish oil because it is:18

Bioavailable

Whereas most of the potential benefit of fish oil can be lost due to poor absorption, krill oil is more bioavailable because its omega-3s are attached to phospholipids, which carry nutrients directly to your cell membranes where they are more readily absorbed. They can also cross your blood-brain barrier to reach important brain structures.

Furthermore, phospholipids are also one of the principal compounds in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), which your body needs in healthy amounts. In contrast, fish oil omega-3s attach to triglycerides that must be broken down in your gut, where as much as 80 to 90 percent of it is eliminated in your large intestine.

Burp-free

If you’ve ever taken fish oil, you may be aware of the unpleasant side effects — such as a fishy aftertaste, burps and indigestion — known to accompany the consumption of fish oil capsules. Given their composition and the fact they come in smaller capsules, krill is burp-free.

Contaminant-free

While fish oil may be contaminated with mercury, krill has very low levels of this and other toxins mainly because it is found at the bottom of the food chain. As such, it feeds on phytoplankton, whereas most fish feed on other fish that have been accumulating mercury and other toxic compounds. Krill comes from the Antarctic, which is considered the cleanest ocean on the planet, thereby making krill the purest source of omega-3s.

Potent

In a 2011 study published in the journal Lipids,19 researchers gave subjects up to 63 percent less krill-based EPA/DHA as the fish oil group, yet both groups showed equivalent blood levels — proving krill was more potent than fish oil, meaning you may be able to take less of it to achieve the same result.

Stable

Because krill oil contains a powerful antioxidant called astaxanthin, unlike fish oil, it will not oxidize in your cabinet, or worse, in your stomach. Its antioxidant power also protects your body from free radicals. Because fish oil oxidizes easily, it promotes free radical damage.

In laboratory tests, krill oil remained undamaged after being exposed to a steady flow of oxygen for 190 hours. Compare that to fish oil, which went rancid after just one hour. This makes krill oil nearly 200 times more resistant to oxidative damage than fish oil.

Sustainable

Krill makes up the largest biomass in the world — an estimated 500 million tons20 — and less than 1 to 2 percent of ocean krill are harvested annually. The Antarctic krill population is highly regulated and monitored by several high-profile organizations to promote sustainability, ensuring it is not overfished. Learn more about krill sustainability.

Animal-Based Omega-3s Are Beneficial to Your Heart, Eyes and More

Increasing your omega-3 intake may benefit your heart. Research published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings21 involving the review of 34 studies on EPA and DHA, confirmed those who consume fish and/or an omega-3 supplement (such as krill oil) may help reduce their risk of coronary heart disease. Higher-risk populations, such as those with elevated triglyceride or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, seemed to benefit even more from omega-3s than their healthier counterparts.

In terms of supporting healthy vision, astaxanthin — the powerful antioxidant found in krill oil — has emerged as the best carotenoid for eye health and the prevention of blindness. Astaxanthin provides protective benefits against a number of eye-related problems, including:

Age-related macular degeneration

Glaucoma

Cataracts

Inflammatory eye diseases such as iritis, keratitis, retinitis and scleritis

Cystoid macular edema

Retinal arterial occlusion

Diabetic retinopathy

Venous occlusion

Beyond your heart and vision, omega-3s also provide vital support to your body in terms of supporting your brain function, joints and skin, among other areas. For more strategies and tips about omega-3s, check out my Practical Guide to Omega-3 Benefits and Supplementation.

The Best Way to Track Your Omega-3 Level Is With the Omega-3 Index

Whether you eat fatty fish or take a daily krill supplement, the best way to determine your required dose of omega-3 is to measure your level using the omega-3 index. Since requirements for omega-3 vary depending on your diet and exercise habits, it’s best to do the omega-3 index blood test. Watch the video above to learn more about what it measures.

As part of a consumer-sponsored research project, GrassrootsHealth has created a cost-effective test kit to measure both your vitamin D and omega-3 index. By studying the levels of these two nutrients in the general population, researchers hope to better understand how vitamin D and omega-3 levels impact human health. The data gathered using this third-party test kit will enable scientists to analyze potential links between these two vital nutrients.

>>>>> Click Here

Source link

These Tiny Creatures Can Swirl the Ocean Dr. Mercola By Dr. Mercola While most of us give it little consideration, researchers are modeling ocean circulation in labs to figure out potential ways to improve the health of the Earth’s largest bodies of water. Now, it turns out oceanographers may be able to harness the energy of zooplankton — some of the tiniest ocean creatures — to potentially influence nutrient flows, ocean chemistry and maybe even the climate. While the work to date has been conducted in tall tanks inside research labs, it’s possible field studies may one day validate an important new role for some of the most abundant animals on the planet. As large groups of brine shrimp, for example, swim up all at once, they force ocean water down, effectively churning and mixing it. This action is important because ocean water, due to differences in salinity and temperature, stratifies into layers that don’t mix easily. Researchers suggest if large-scale turbulence by creatures such as krill could be accomplished in the ocean, it could potentially affect the climate. If you are not yet a fan of krill, this may be just one more reason to appreciate these amazing coldwater crustaceans. The best reason to love krill, in my opinion, is because they provide one of the most beneficial forms of animal-based omega-3 fatty acids. Among other benefits, omega-3s promote heart, joint, skin and vision health. Turbulence Caused by Shrimp and Krill May Have Beneficial Effect on Oceans A study published in the journal Nature1 suggests turbulence generated by tiny marine life, when harnessed on a large scale, could be a significant factor in nutrient transport and ocean chemistry. Using tall tanks and LED and laser lights, scientists from Stanford University were able to create a simulated environment to study the migration patterns of brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Because they are attracted to light, scientists used the lights to draw the brine shrimp, also known as sea monkeys, up to the surface. In the process of swimming up, researchers noticed the shrimp were able to generate swirling eddies that forced water down. Though the effects of individual brine shrimp on saltwater mixing would be negligible due to their tiny size, large groups of them could make a decidedly different impact. This is believed to be so because the flows generated by the group of shrimp were powerful enough to mix the tank's salt gradient. "They weren't just displacing fluid that then returned to its original location," said Stanford University graduate student Isabel Houghton, coauthor of the study. "Everything mixed irreversibly."2 According to ScienceNews,3 brine shrimp moving vertically in two lab tanks created small eddies that aggregated into a large jet powerful enough to mix what would otherwise remain isolated layers of ocean water with different densities. With a fluid velocity of about 0.4 to 0.8 inches (1 to 2 centimeters) per second, the jet enabled shallow waters to mix with deeper, saltier waters. Given the successful lab outcomes, in-ocean turbulence generated by multitudes of tiny sea creatures such as krill could potentially be powerful enough to extend hundreds of meters beneath the water’s surface.4 Said the study authors, “The results illustrate the potential for marine zooplankton to considerably alter the physical and biogeochemical structure of the water column, with potentially widespread effects owing to their high abundance in climatically important regions of the ocean.”5 Next Step Is to Try to Replicate Downward Jets in the Ocean The current research builds on a 2014 study6 written, in part, by fluid dynamics expert John Dabiri, Ph.D., a professor of civil and environmental engineering and mechanical engineering at Stanford University, that introduced the tank and lighting setup used in the current work. “The original thinking is these animals would flap their appendages and create little eddies about the same size as their bodies,” said Dabiri.7 Using LED and laser lights to simulate the vertical migration brine shrimp undergo daily — rising up at night to find food on the water’s surface and diving down during daytime hours to avoid potential predators — Dabiri and his colleagues noticed the tens of thousands of lab shrimp migrated in close proximity. “As one animal swims upward, it’s kicking backward,” Dabiri noted.8 As such, each parcel of water is kicked downward by another shrimp and another and so on. The total effect is a downward rush that gets stronger as the vertical migration continues. The water movement eventually extends nearly as deep as the entire migrating group, which when applied in the ocean could generate effects for hundreds of meters. The researchers believe if the creatures can effectively mix simulated ocean-water layers in the lab, the chances are good they can do the same in the ocean.9 The lab method helped magnify the efforts of individual shrimp and generated a swirling effect potentially useful in delivering nutrient-rich deep waters to the ocean’s surface. Once there, these deeper waters could benefit a wide variety of marine life, such as phytoplankton, which live near the surface. Now that the downward jets have been observed, Dabiri suggests the next step would be to attempt to replicate the lab results in the ocean using shipboard measurements.10 The future work would involve locating and tracking swarms of krill in locations as diverse as the California coast and the frigid waters of the Antarctic.11 In ocean conditions, the power of tiny creatures such as krill are expected to generate similar effects as those noted when using brine shrimp. It’s possible, suggests Dabiri, the current findings might apply to not only krill, which dwell in the upper kilometer of the ocean, but also to fish, jellyfish, mammals and squid — all of which swim even deeper and have the potential to churn the entire water column. As for the use of brine shrimp in their lab experiments, the researchers called them “a stand-in for less lab-hardy krill.”12 Recognized as one of the most common zooplankton, krill are abundant marine organisms known to make their daily migrations in giant swarms. Similar to brine shrimp, they dive hundreds of meters deep during daytime hours and return to the ocean's surface at night to feed. Could Collective Turbulence Generated by Tiny Sea Creatures Positively Affect the Environment? “At the heart of the investigation is the question about whether life in the ocean, as it moves about the environment, does any important ‘mixing,’” states William Dewar, Ph.D., professor of oceanography at Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida. “These results argue quite compellingly that they do, and strongly counter the concern most marine life is simply too small in size to matter.”13 Furthermore, Dewar believes the Stanford work brings to light the importance of ocean mixing to the global climate cycle. He suggests the cumulative effect of mixing could be helpful in churning up nutrients to not only feed phytoplankton blooms, but also aid gas exchange with the atmosphere. Writing for Phys.org, Amy Adams, director of science communications at Stanford University, says this marks the first time migrating zooplankton have been shown to effectively create turbulence on a scale large enough to mix the ocean's waters. “The work could alter the way ocean scientists think about global nutrient cycles like carbon, phosphate and oxygen or even ocean currents themselves,” says Adams.14 Dabiri added:15 "Ocean dynamics are directly connected to global climate through interactions with the atmosphere. The fact swimming animals could play a significant role in ocean mixing — an idea that has been almost heretical in oceanography — could therefore have consequences far beyond the immediate waters where the animals reside." Furthermore, Dabiri believes the findings may help scientists understand how the ocean pulls carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, leading to updates in ocean climate models. "Right now, a lot of our ocean climate models don't include the effects of animals or if they do it's as passive participants in the process," Dabiri said.16 Adams believes “the findings could change the way ocean scientists think about the role of animals in influencing their watery environment — and potentially our climate on land.”17 Why Krill Oil Is a Better Choice Than Fish Oil While the news scientists may be able to harness the swimming power of krill and other marine creatures for mixing ocean water is exciting, I would like to turn your attention to a more personal way krill can benefit you. For many years, I have been recommending krill oil — going so far to suggest it become your go-to source of animal-based omega-3 fats. Particularly if you are not eating safe sources of seafood like anchovies, sardines or wild Alaskan salmon on a regular basis, you will want to take an omega-3 supplement. While krill oil is often compared to fish oil, there are actually a number of differences between the two that make krill a far superior choice. Below are six reasons why krill oil is a better choice than fish oil for omega-3 supplementation. Besides being an excellent source of the essential long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) your body needs, krill oil is a better choice than fish oil because it is:18 Bioavailable Whereas most of the potential benefit of fish oil can be lost due to poor absorption, krill oil is more bioavailable because its omega-3s are attached to phospholipids, which carry nutrients directly to your cell membranes where they are more readily absorbed. They can also cross your blood-brain barrier to reach important brain structures. Furthermore, phospholipids are also one of the principal compounds in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), which your body needs in healthy amounts. In contrast, fish oil omega-3s attach to triglycerides that must be broken down in your gut, where as much as 80 to 90 percent of it is eliminated in your large intestine. Burp-free If you’ve ever taken fish oil, you may be aware of the unpleasant side effects — such as a fishy aftertaste, burps and indigestion — known to accompany the consumption of fish oil capsules. Given their composition and the fact they come in smaller capsules, krill is burp-free. Contaminant-free While fish oil may be contaminated with mercury, krill has very low levels of this and other toxins mainly because it is found at the bottom of the food chain. As such, it feeds on phytoplankton, whereas most fish feed on other fish that have been accumulating mercury and other toxic compounds. Krill comes from the Antarctic, which is considered the cleanest ocean on the planet, thereby making krill the purest source of omega-3s. Potent In a 2011 study published in the journal Lipids,19 researchers gave subjects up to 63 percent less krill-based EPA/DHA as the fish oil group, yet both groups showed equivalent blood levels — proving krill was more potent than fish oil, meaning you may be able to take less of it to achieve the same result. Stable Because krill oil contains a powerful antioxidant called astaxanthin, unlike fish oil, it will not oxidize in your cabinet, or worse, in your stomach. Its antioxidant power also protects your body from free radicals. Because fish oil oxidizes easily, it promotes free radical damage. In laboratory tests, krill oil remained undamaged after being exposed to a steady flow of oxygen for 190 hours. Compare that to fish oil, which went rancid after just one hour. This makes krill oil nearly 200 times more resistant to oxidative damage than fish oil. Sustainable Krill makes up the largest biomass in the world — an estimated 500 million tons20 — and less than 1 to 2 percent of ocean krill are harvested annually. The Antarctic krill population is highly regulated and monitored by several high-profile organizations to promote sustainability, ensuring it is not overfished. Learn more about krill sustainability. Animal-Based Omega-3s Are Beneficial to Your Heart, Eyes and More Increasing your omega-3 intake may benefit your heart. Research published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings21 involving the review of 34 studies on EPA and DHA, confirmed those who consume fish and/or an omega-3 supplement (such as krill oil) may help reduce their risk of coronary heart disease. Higher-risk populations, such as those with elevated triglyceride or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, seemed to benefit even more from omega-3s than their healthier counterparts. In terms of supporting healthy vision, astaxanthin — the powerful antioxidant found in krill oil — has emerged as the best carotenoid for eye health and the prevention of blindness. Astaxanthin provides protective benefits against a number of eye-related problems, including: Age-related macular degeneration Glaucoma Cataracts Inflammatory eye diseases such as iritis, keratitis, retinitis and scleritis Cystoid macular edema Retinal arterial occlusion Diabetic retinopathy Venous occlusion Beyond your heart and vision, omega-3s also provide vital support to your body in terms of supporting your brain function, joints and skin, among other areas. For more strategies and tips about omega-3s, check out my Practical Guide to Omega-3 Benefits and Supplementation. The Best Way to Track Your Omega-3 Level Is With the Omega-3 Index Whether you eat fatty fish or take a daily krill supplement, the best way to determine your required dose of omega-3 is to measure your level using the omega-3 index. Since requirements for omega-3 vary depending on your diet and exercise habits, it’s best to do the omega-3 index blood test. Watch the video above to learn more about what it measures. As part of a consumer-sponsored research project, GrassrootsHealth has created a cost-effective test kit to measure both your vitamin D and omega-3 index. By studying the levels of these two nutrients in the general population, researchers hope to better understand how vitamin D and omega-3 levels impact human health. The data gathered using this third-party test kit will enable scientists to analyze potential links between these two vital nutrients. >>>>> Click Here <<<<

สำหรับผู้ชายวัย 30 ขึ้นไป สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นคือ รูขุมขนกว้าง หน้ามันง่าย สิวขึ้นง่าย ความชุ่มชื้นน้อยลง แต่ถ้ามาให้ทาอะไรมากๆ หนักๆ ก็ไม่เอา อยากได้ set เดียวจบ ครบ เห็นผล เพราะ The Astra Lab ประกอบได้ด้วย Astaxanthin, Anti-Oxidant ที่ดีที่สุด เท่าที่เคยค้นพบ เพื่อ "ฟื้นฟู" ผิวของผู้ชายวัย 30+ อย่างเห็นผล ไว้ในผลิตภัณฑ์ Set เดียว 🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃 1. Astaxanthin, Anti-Oxidant ที่ดีที่สุดเท่าที่เคยค้นพบ ป้องกันการเสื่อมสภาพของผิว ให้ผิวกลับมาเปล่งปลั่ง กระจ่างใส 2. H-EGF Human Epidermal Growth Factors ช่วยกระตุ้นการสร้างเซลล์ผิว ให้ผิวที่เป็นรอยหลุม ตื้นขึ้นอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ 3. GP4G Artemia Extract คือสารที่สกัดมาจากแพลงตอนทะเล มีหน้าที่ให้พลังงานแกเซลล์ ผิว ปกป้องผิวจากมลภาวะ 4. Regu Fade เป็นสารสกัดที่มาจากองุ่น ทำหน้าที่ต่อต้านอนุมูลอิสระ มีวิตามินซีสูง ช่วยให้ผิวเข้าสู่สภาวะพักตัว และชะลอกระบวนการเผาผลาญพลังงานส่งผลให้ใบหน้าดูเรียบเนียน 5. SYN TC เป็น Peptied ขนาดเล็ก ถูกออกแบบมาให้กระตุ้นการสร้างคอลลาเจน ส่งผลให้ผิวฟูมีความยืดหยุ่นได้ดี ผิวรู้สึกยกกระชับ แน่น สามารถลดริ้วรอยได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ 6. Vitamin E Acetate หรือ Tocopheryl Acetate เป็นวิตามิน E อนุพันธ์ที่เสถียร และถูกเปลี่ยนไปเป็น Alpha-tocopherol ได้ดีกว่าวิตามินอีอนุพันธ์อื่นๆ และมีประสิทธิภาพมากที่สุดกับผิวของเรา 7. วิตามิน C เราเลือกใช้เป็นวิตามินซีที่มีความเสถียรสูง วิตามินซีทั่วไปเมื่อ โดนความร้อน แสงแดด อาจส่งผลให้วิตามินซีเสื่อมสภาพ ��รือ สีเข้มขึ้น ซึ่งส่งผลต่อคุณภาพของผลิตภัณฑ์ 🎖🎖Astra Lab Men Set 🎖🎖 ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ออกแบบมาเพื่อผิวหน้าของผู้ชายวัย 30+ ให้คุณได้ปกป้องผิวอย่างเร่งด่วนและตรงจุด ซื้อทั้ง Set 2300 บาท ราคา โปรโมชั่น ลดจาก 5290B สั่งได้ใน line @The Astra Lab http://bit.ly/2ijcdx3 The Astra Lab, เวชสำอางค์เฉพาะผู้ชายวัย 30+ เพื่อผิวเกิดใหม่ที่ดีที่สุดของคุณ www.theastralab.com Www.facebook.com/theastralab 🎗🎗🎗🎗 The Astra-Lab :: the skin lab you trust www.theastralab.com line @ theastralab(มี@) http://bit.ly/2ijcdx3 FB :: theastralab

"สำหรับผู้ชายวัย 30 ขึ้นไป สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นคือ รูขุมขนกว้าง หน้ามันง่าย สิวขึ้นง่าย ความชุ่มชื้นน้อยลง แต่ถ้ามาให้ทาอะไรมากๆ หนักๆ ก็ไม่เอา อยากได้ set เดียวจบ ครบ เห็นผล พอแฟนเอา The Astra Lab มาให้ลองใช้ ดีเลย มี cream pack สำหรับเช้า Serum สำหรับก่อนนอน พร้อมกันแดด ไม่มีหนักหน้า ซีมเร็ว หน้าดูชุ่มชื้นขึ้น ใสขึ้น ผิวดูดีขึ้นกว่าแต่ก่อน แฟนบอกหน้านิ่ม Packgage สวยดีด้วย ชอบครับ ซื้อต่อแน่นอน" ขอบคุณคุณ นรเศรษฐ์ นะคะ สำหรับ comment ดีๆ รับไปเลยค่ะ Gift Set จาก The Astra Lab เพราะ The Astra Lab ประกอบได้ด้วย Astaxanthin, Anti-Oxidant ที่ดีที่สุด เท่าที่เคยค้นพบ เพื่อ "ฟื้นฟู" ผิวของผู้ชายวัย 30+ อย่างเห็นผล ไว้ในผลิตภัณฑ์ Set เดียว 🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃🍃 1. Astaxanthin, Anti-Oxidant ที่ดีที่สุดเท่าที่เคยค้นพบ ป้องกันการเสื่อมสภาพของผิว ให้ผิวกลับมาเปล่งปลั่ง กระจ่างใส 2. H-EGF Human Epidermal Growth Factors ช่วยกระตุ้นการสร้างเซลล์ผิว ให้ผิวที่เป็นรอยหลุม ตื้นขึ้นอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ 3. GP4G Artemia Extract คือสารที่สกัดมาจากแพลงตอนทะเล มีหน้าที่ให้พลังงานแกเซลล์ ผิว ปกป้องผิวจากมลภาวะ 4. Regu Fade เป็นสารสกัดที่มาจากองุ่น ทำหน้าที่ต่อต้านอนุมูลอิสระ มีวิตามินซีสูง ช่วยให้ผิวเข้าสู่สภาวะพักตัว และชะลอกระบวนการเผาผลาญพลังงานส่งผลให้ใบหน้าดูเรียบเนียน 5. SYN TC เป็น Peptied ขนาดเล็ก ถูกออกแบบมาให้กระตุ้นการสร้างคอลลาเจน ส่งผลให้ผิวฟูมีความยืดหยุ่นได้ดี ผิวรู้สึกยกกระชับ แน่น สามารถลดริ้วรอยได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ 6. Vitamin E Acetate หรือ Tocopheryl Acetate เป็นวิตามิน E อนุพันธ์ที่เสถียร และถูกเปลี่ยนไปเป็น Alpha-tocopherol ได้ดีกว่าวิตามินอีอนุพันธ์อื่นๆ และมีประสิทธิภาพมากที่สุดกับผิวของเรา 7. วิตามิน C เราเลือกใช้เป็นวิตามินซีที่มีความเสถียรสูง วิตามินซีทั่วไปเมื่อ โดนความร้อน แสงแดด อาจส่งผลให้วิตามินซีเสื่อมสภาพ หรือ สีเข้มขึ้น ซึ่งส่งผลต่อคุณภาพของผลิตภัณฑ์ 🎖🎖Astra Lab Men Set 🎖🎖 ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ออกแบบมาเพื่อผิวหน้าของผู้ชายวัย 30+ ให้คุณได้ปกป้องผิวอย่างเร่งด่วนและตรงจุด • Astra-Lab Astaxanthin Essence Pack Cream for Men (30 ML) เอสเซ้นส์ที่เปี่ยมไปด้วย Astaxanthin Complex เข้มข้น ทำหน้าที่ฟื้นฟูผิวคล้ำเสียได้มีประสิทธิภาพ (ราคา1590บาท) ใช้เช้า บางเบา • Astra-Lab Astanxanthin Rescue Energizer (30 ML) อิมัลชันสูตรเข้มข้น ช่วยเร่งปฏิกิริยาการฟื้นฟูผิว ให้ผิวแข็งแรง กระชับ ลดการเกิดสิวและรูขุมขนกว้าง (ราคา2250บาท) สำหรับกลางคืน • Astra-Lab Astanxanthin Active Gel Sunscreen SPF 30 PA+++ UVA/UVB (45ML) เจลกันแดดเนื้อบางเบา เกลี่ยง่ายไม่ทิ้งคราบขาวและความมันระหว่างวัน (ราคา1450บาท) หรือซื้อทั้ง Set 2300 บาท ราคา โปรโมชั่น ลดจาก 5290B สั่งได้ใน line @The Astra Lab http://bit.ly/2ijcdx3 The Astra Lab, เวชสำอางค์เฉพาะผู้ชายวัย 30+ เพื่อผิวเกิดใหม่ที่ดีที่สุดของคุณ www.theastralab.com Www.facebook.com/theastralab 🎗🎗🎗🎗 The Astra-Lab :: the skin lab you trust www.theastralab.com line @ theastralab(มี@) http://bit.ly/2ijcdx3 FB :: theastralab IG :: theastralabthailand