#3 July 1848
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The United States Virgin Islands celebrates Emancipation Day as an official holiday on July 3. It commemorates the abolition of slavery by Danish Governor Peter von Scholten on July 3, 1848.
#United States Virgin Islands#US Virgin Islands#USVI#Emancipation Day#USA#3 July 1848#175th anniversary#US history#Fort Christian#travel#St. Thomas#Charlotte Amalie#Magens Bay#Caribbean Sea#Caribbean Island#summer 2013#seascape#landscape#cityscape#architecture#flora#nature#palm tree#tourist attraction#landmark#original photography#forest#woods
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On this day, 2 July 1848, enslaved people in St Croix (now the US Virgin Islands) rebelled, burned down plantations and besieged the town of Frederiksted. The Caribbean island was at that time a Danish colony, and it had been decreed that slavery would be abolished in 1859, but the enslaved workers refused to wait. After revolutions in Europe led to turmoil in nearby Martinique and Guadeloupe, hundreds of rebels seized the moment and rose up. By the end of the day, only the local military garrison, Fort Frederiksværn, had not yet been overrun. The following day, the governor general, Peter von Scholten arrived. Faced with demands from the enslaved people to immediately abolish slavery, or they would burn the town to the ground, he relented and shouted out: “Now you are free, you are hereby emancipated.” Technically von Scholten had no authority to abolish slavery, and he was strongly criticised by enslavers and Danish authorities. But faced with a fait accompli, Denmark had no real choice but to accept the situation. The agreement achieved by the formerly enslaved people went even further than just immediate emancipation, as the order issued on the night of July 3 also applied to the Danish colonies of St Thomas and St John, and directed that the enslaved had the right to keep their current housing and provisions for three months, and that elderly and ill labourers had to be looked after by the former enslavers "until further determination". The old enslavers subsequently sued the Danish government demanding recompense for the loss of their "property". Danish Parliament rejected their claim, on the grounds that "slavery [was] itself an institution in conflict with religion and justice". But they did then agreed to pay a relatively low compensation figure of $50 per enslaved person. More information, sources and map: https://stories.workingclasshistory.com/article/9191/st-croix-enslaved-revolt Pictured: St Thomas freedom statue https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=654237043416181&set=a.602588028581083&type=3
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The Terror: When, How, Where... (PART 3)
See Part 1 (Intro, Episode 1 through 5)
See Part 2 (Episode 6 through 9)
1927 Admiralty Map (My beloved?)
To see the full map to interact with, click this link
List of Locations and approx dates:
Location 1 - David Young's grave (71.22, -96.60) - Sept 5 1846
Location 2 - Ships Position September 1846 (70.25, -98.00) - Sept 12 1846
Location 3 - Ships Position June 1847 (70.15, -98.30) - May 24 to Jun 11 1847
Location 4 & 5 - The Cairn and the Ice Camp (69.66, -98.27) - May 28 1847
Location 6- The Ships in January 1848 (70.055, -98.59) - January 10th- 17th 1848
Location 7- The Ships in April 1848 (69.88, -98.57) - April 22nd 1848
Location 8 - Fairholmes' Last Resting Place (69.72, -98.35) - April 23rd 1848
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24) - April 24th-26th 1848
Location 10 - Netsilik Massacre (69.62, -98.05) - April 25th 1848
Location 11- Hodgson is found - Mutineers: (69.56, -98.06) - April 27th 1848
Location 12 - Hodgson is found – Crozier (69.54, -98.14) - April 27th 1848
Location 13 - Fitzjames Collapses (68.94, -98.79) - June 10th 1848
Location 14 - Gibson's death (68.860, -98.73) - June 27th 1848
Location 15 - Fitzjames' Death (68.78, -98.21) - July 28th 1848
Location 16 - The NorWest Passage (68.7, -98.06) - July 28th 1848
Location 17 - Hospital Camp (68.68, -97.74) - August 3rd
Location 18 – Bridgens' death (68.70, -97.95) - August 10th
Location 19/21 - Mutineer Camp (68.73, -97.99) - August 3rd
Location 20 - Crozier Ambushed (68.67, -97.84) - August 10th
Location 22 - Tulloch Point (68.56, -97.09) - October 5th - (Crozier) - August 30th (Little)
Location 23 - The Library (68.48, -96.58) - October 9th (Crozier) - September 9th (Little)
Location 24 - Todd island (68.44, -96.29) - October 9th (Crozier) - September 14th (Little)
Location 25 - Starvation Cove (68.24, -96.59) - October 10th (Crozier) - September 28th (Little)
Location 26 - Netsilik Summer Camp (68.66, -95.932) - Silna
Historical and documented locations are in blue
Proposed locations by Franklin Researchers in orange
Proposed locations by yours truly in pink
Historical locations but for which the show took liberties... in red
P.S I couldn’t take my own screenshot from the show so… I had to try and find the best matching image out there this time :(
On With the Show
Episode 10 - We Are Gone
Episode 10 is full of action and, thankfully, will not make me ramble too much until after Silna rescues Crozier. If we generously accept that the previous locations and date I gave are good (or good enough), then we’ll situate the first three quarters of the episode pretty easily.
So, for the end of our tragedy, we start in a place we’ve been before;
Location 19 - Mutineer’s Camp (68.73, -97.99)
Date: August 16th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 26 min
Twilight -6h 34 min
Sunrise: 3:51 am, Sunset: 9:17 pm
The Episode starts with Hickey “welcoming” Crozier into his camp and we learn a clue about the date. “It’s a Wednesday”, followed, back at Hospital Camp, by Lt. Little who let us know that it has been a day since Crozier was taken by Des Voeux and Co.
So, the first question I have is: Did Des Voeux camp out the night? With what tent and what supply? They did not appear to have dragged anything with them. Perhaps they walked all night but that would have made for a very slow walk, probably, since we established that the Mutineers had camped only 6 miles away from the Hospital Camp and we’ve established previously that a slow pace for walking would be around 2mph.
Let’s address the first point. “It’s a Wednesday”. Well, my friends, I had previously placed Crozier’s being ambushed on August 10th and… that’s a thursday.
Therefore, I need to make a revision to Part 2, I’m afraid… I am not overly worried about this, however. I had based my timeline with very large stroke and I could either adjust that everything happens 2 days earlier that I previously said it would or 5 days later. Considering that the Tuunbaq battle happens during twilight and ends just as the sun is about the rise, and that was a couple of days later, I would be inclined to move everything forward 5 days. This would also give more “nighttime” for Hodgson to annoy Goodsir with his Catholic story… But also, this would explain why LeVesconte was feeling desperate enough to propose abandoning the ill, again. Time is flying by and they’re just… sitting… in that camp…
Therefore! Crozier comes into the Mutineer Camp on August 16th :) and we’re moving the day of Bridgens’ death on August 15th.
August 16th would also become the end for Mr. Goodsir.
And we are BACK at Hospital Camp for Le Vesconte little mutiny and, I have to say, I was so, so proud of Edward Little for trying to do the right thing… in a situation when there are no right decisions...
Location 17 - Hospital Camp (68.68, -97.74)
Date: August 16th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 26min
Twilight - 6h 34 min
Sunrise: 3:50 am, Sunset: 9:16 pm
From Le Vesconte’s summary of their decision, this is also the day they leave Hospital Camp and, therefore, the day of Jopson’s death :(
Location 21 - Tuunbaq Battle (68.67, -97.84)
Date: August 18th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 07 min
Twilight -6h 53 min
Sunrise: 4:00 am, Sunset: 9:06 pm
This is the next day, August 17th to August 18th (Tuunbaq dies shortly before the sun rises).
Twilight would start at 9:19 pm but we started the day with a Goodsir breakfast and the question I would like to ask is this:
Did Hickey just wait until like… midnight to get them to start pulling that sledge? It looks like they did not come directly from the camp but from a little bit further away and maybe they chose to come at it from that angle because of the slope… Anyway, I’ll propose that, yes Hickey chose to wait until midnight to make them start pulling, making the battle happen on August 18th!
This would also mean that it would have taken almost 18 hours for Goodsir’s poison to take effect?
We’ll mark the location as the same as the Mutineer’s camp since they are so close to one another.
And now:
Crozier Recovers
Location 19 - Mutineer’s Camp (68.73, -97.99)
Date: October 2nd 1848
Nighttime - 6h 20 min
Daylight - 10h 56 min
Twilight - 6 h44 min
Sunrise: 6:52 am, Sunset: 5:48 pm
The timeline for an amputation’s recovery are what I’ll need to use to check on when it is that Crozier can walk again.
Let’s start with the stump: I note that when Crozier announces to Silna his intention to try and find his men, the stump doesn’t have any kind of coverings. Meaning it would have been closed or scared well enough to not need it anymore.
(PS Looking for a screenshot of when he wakes up)
As you can imagine I haven’t found a lot of information on the web concerning how long an amputation would take to heal if it was made in the middle of the arctic wilderness with a hunting knife and no modern medical care… But there are some beautiful papers out there about how amputation being so ancient (31 000 years ago) proved that caring for our ill was very much a way of life even back then. Anyway, according to Myhealth.Alberta.ca, a below the knee amputation would take up to 4 to 8 weeks to be able to return to work with modern care… it took Mr. Blanky a measly 2 weeks of recovery before he could walk the half mile between Terror and Erebus after his own amputation and damn, if this is not the proof that Mr. Blanky was the GOAT.
Mr. Blanky also had the advantage of being cared for by a doctor (although, 19th century Doctor…), which Crozier does not. Based on this, I will accept that it would be reasonable for Crozier, who lives in the same world of superhumans as Thomas Blanky, might have needed the full 4 weeks to recover. At least.
We also know from our analysis of some hair growth for episode 9 that it takes 1 month to grow half an inch of beard. Honestly, I’d say this looks like at least 1 month and a half growth…
Also, to find out the approximate date, Crozier tell us that it’s “too late” to be this far North. No doubt he means that they are most certainly veering into the colder months and that he knows that if they would need to reach the Netsilik winter camp soon. It’s definitely not August anymore.
Finally, we know that the endgame is, I assume, Starvation Cove (See location 25). Starvation Cove, we know,
I am going a little bit ahead of myself, I know, but I feel this is important to establish the timeline because Starvation Cove is a known location, I do not need to guess where it is. I can already calculate that it is, when taking the probably path the survivors took (based on the 1927 admiralty map), 50 miles away from the Hospital Camp.
We established, at the end of part 2, that the speed they would have gone at would have been about 1 mile per day. Maybe after dropping the desks and so many tents (there was only one boat in Little’s last camp), they could have gained a little bit of speed. Let’s say 1.5 miles per day. This would mean that if they were going at their best pace, they could have reached Starvation Cove in a month.
And, then, they would have had to stop, too exhausted to move on,and they would have known hunger enough to resort to the last ressource…
I also want to point out that there is a fine layer of snow on the tents and the crates when Crozier reaches it. And there is frost on Poor Lt. Little’s face. So, here is the thing about snow: it melts when exposed to the sun at near freezing temperature, if it had fallen on surfaces that will absorb heat. In order for the frost to have remained on Edward’s face and for the barrels to be frost and snow covered (lightly), my canadian nose tells the temperature may have been closer to 23F (-5C) than at freezing (32F or 0C). Which would be average for the beginning of October (according to timeanddate.com) rather than September.
I think I will accept that even though Blanky, bless his face, recovered from an amputation in 2 weeks, it could have taken Crozier 6 or 7 weeks and based on the time one would need to travel to Starvation Cove (probably 1 week for Crozier and Silna if we account for Crozier’s recovering speed I would like to established at 10 miles per day and also accounting for the fact that he looked MUCH improved by the time they reached Starvation Cove, which requires time) and between 30 to 40 days for Little, this would be the right timeframe for the travel and starvation to occur...
This would date Crozier and Silna’s departure from the Mutineer’s Camp around October 2nd
And now, Crozier and Silna gets on their way to the next stop:
Location 17 - Hospital Camp (68.68, -97.74)
Date: October 2nd 1848
Nighttime - 6h 20 min
Daylight - 10h 58 min
Twilight - 6 h42 min
Sunrise: 6:50 am, Sunset: 5:47 pm
The hospital camp being, as established, 6 miles from the Mutineer camps, they would have made it there on the first day. And probably around noon if they had started to walk at first light. Crozier would have been slower than Silna and may have been able to walk only 10 to 15 miles per day. For the first couple of days, I expect that he could have walked closer to 10 miles than 15. I also would like to think that he would have taken the time to bury Jopson, making him the Gladman Point Skeleton (NdLe-16)
Location 22 - Tulloch Point (68.56, -97.09) (Not shown in show)
(Crozier)
Date: October 5th 1848
Nighttime - 6h 44 min
Daylight - 10h 41 min
Twilight - 6 h35 min
Sunrise: 6:54am, Sunset: 5:27 pm
(Lt Little)
Date: August 30th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 15h 22 min
Twilight - 8 h38 min
Sunrise: 4:46 am, Sunset: 8:08 pm
On their way to Starvation Cove, they would have had to cross Douglas Bay, a 3 miles wide little bay near the southern part of KWI. It’s 26 miles from the Mutineers Camp (Which Crozier departed on October 2nd) and 20 miles from the Hospital Camp (Which Lt. Little departed on August 16th)
At a recovering pace of 10 miles per day for Crozier/Silna, they would have reached Douglas Bay at the end of their 3rd day of walking and I suspect that even though they sitll had some miles in them, they would have started fresh the next morning to cross the bay (Oct 6th).
At an average pace of 1.5 miles a day, Little and Le Vesconte would have reached Douglas Bay in 14 days and probably would have waited until the beginning of the 15th day to cross.
Location 23 - The Library (68.48, -96.58)
(Crozier)
Date: October 9th 1848
Nighttime - 7h 32 min
Daylight - 10h 01 min
Twilight - 6 h 27 min
Sunrise: 7:11 am, Sunset: 5:13 pm
(Lt Little)
Date: september 9th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 14h 00 min
Twilight - 10 h 00 min
Sunrise: 5:19 am, Sunset: 7:19 pm
This is the place where Little and Le Vesconte dropped all the books, what looks to be a desk and 2 side tables? (one would think that they’d have left that behind before Jopson :( )
I think that at this point they are getting much closer to the southernmost point of KWI, Booth Point. For 2 reasons: 1- Crozier seems to have recovered enough to be walking straight and without much difficulty and with enough strength to help pull Silna’s sled and 2- You can see they are close to the strait, like, right next to it. Which means that they would have been making ready to cross, which could be the reason why this is where they abandoned all the non essentials. If Little and Co crossed in mid-september, as the timeline I supposed when discussing Crozier’s recovery would lead me to believe, they would have crossed on thin ice, making it more necessary than ever to lighten the load. And because I started this journey to figure out how to reconcile the show with the locations of where relics were found, I think I would like this to be quite near River Piffer… you know… not too far from where they would have buried Le Vesconte… And we have for location 23 (68.48, -96.58)
I think Le Vesconte and Little would have rushed to cross Douglas Bay as to not be on ice when it is not cold enough yet to assure them it wouldn’t crack under their weight. They would probably have pushed to cross on the same day, making it a whooping 3 miles in one day. This would certainly have exhausted the men, bringing them closer to their demise. They would cross on August 31st, and start again on September 1st for the remaining 10 miles until location 23, probably at a slightly slower pace of 1.25 miles a day and reached the Library on September 9th.
TO BE NOTED: since 2009, the skeleton found and believed to be Le Vesconte by C.F. Halls in 1869 has been reidentified as Harry Goodsir. But! Well! You know!
Location 24 - Todd island (68.44, -96.29) (Not shown in show)
(Crozier)
Date: October 9th 1848
Nighttime - 7h 33 min
Daylight - 10h 01 min
Twilight - 6 h26 min
Sunrise: 7;10 am, Sunset: 5:12 pm
(Lt Little)
Date: September 14th 1848
Nighttime - 1h 22 min
Daylight - 13h 20 min
Twilight - 9 h18 min
Sunrise: 5:37 am, Sunset: 6:57 pm
The Route to Starvation Cove: I am still going to take from the 1927’s admiralty map there and accept that they crossed the Simpson Strait near Todd Island. One of the reason why I would agree with it is because their goal was to get to Back Fish River. Upon reaching Booth Pt, they might have realised that, well, that’s it. That’s the end of KWI. There is no land bridge connecting it to the Adelaide Peninsula. At that point, they had to cross but, before that? Well, they maybe had a chance that they could have kept pulling their sledge on firm ground and not attempt what might have been a frozen strait or a dangerous trek on unstable ice, especially in september. They would have attempted to cross at the nearest point possible from the river they were trying to get to. So, instead of simply crossing at the narrowest part of the Simpson Strait, they kept on going until they were facing Todd Island
Todd Island is 7.5 miles from the Library.
If we say that unloading their boat made the pace easier and back at 1.5 miles per day, then, Little would have reached this point in 5 days on September 14th and Crozier and Silna on the same day as they reached the Library, October 9th.
Location 25 - Starvation Cove (68.24, -96.59)
(Lt Little)
Date: September 28th 1848
Nighttime - 5h 46 min
Daylight - 11h 29 min
Twilight - 6 h45 min
Sunrise: 6:31 am, Sunset: 6:00 pm
(Crozier)
Date: October 10th 1848
Nighttime - 7h 44 min
Daylight - 9h 55 min
Twilight - 6 h21 min
Sunrise: 7;14am, Sunset: 5:09 pm
We know where this is :(
The thing about Starvation cove is that if we accept that Franklin’s men crossed at Todd Island, they would have been going SW when they should have been going SE to reach Back Fish River.
I would like to suggest that upon knowing that they would have to cross a large expense of ice in mid september ( which could have been potentially perilous as the ice was probably made fragile by the summer and it was not cold enough yet to secure the way), they… simply chose to go toward the point of land they could see. Which was this cute little point. From there, they followed its coast until their last stand.
Now, more daunting than anything, this is a monstrous 9 miles to cross. For Lt. Little and his unfortunate companions who I’ve recently reduced to a pace of 1.5 miles a day, this would have meant they needed 6 days to cross at that pace! I think they would have deemed it too dangerous and would have pushed, same as they did for Douglas Bay and made it 2.5 miles a day (crossing in 4 days - Sept 18). Once again, this would have taken from their reserves all their reserves and they would have slowed down to 1.2 miles a day until they reached Starvation cove, 7 miles away from their initial landing on the Adelaide Peninsula. From Todd Island to their last resting place, they would have walked another 10 days. It is September 28th 1848 and they have been hauling the boats for 5 months. They total mileage would have been between 150 and 170 miles with my proposed route from Terror Camp to Starvation cove.
Crozier and Silna would have been able to cross and reach Starvation Cove in a day, reaching it on October 10th, 12 days after Lt. Little and what was left of the crew.
OTHER LOCATIONS
Location 26 - Netsilik Summer Camp (68.66, -95.932)
For this one, I want to believe it is Gjoa Haven.
From Terror Camp, this would have been a 100 miles journey for Silna. If she took her time and made a comfortable 10 miles a day, she would have walked from TC to GH in 10 days or so. 2 weeks. But she probably footed it because it seems like she wanted her people to help, in some capacity, the Frankliners (which prompted the unnamed Netsilik hunter to lecture her on how the white men were disturbing the balance on the island)
Then, from Gjoa Haven to the Mutineer’s camp, it would have been 50 miles. If she had left with the other shaman the day Crozier got ambushed, august 15th (as it seems to be implied by the fact that the scene announcing her travel companion was ready to go being just after Tom Hartnell’s death), she would have made it just in time to save Crozier 3 days later on August 18th by walking 15 to 20 miles a day, which is a moderate pace for a hiker.
So, this coincidence comforts me into thinking that, yes, their summer camp WAS in Gjoa Haven : )
Which is to say, had her journey been continuous, she would have made it to the same destination as the men of Franklin in only 30 days or so...
It took Little 150 days to reach Starvation Cove…
Women are stronger?
Location 27 - Netsilik Winter Camp (???)
I don't even want to attempt this. There are no clues whatsoever as to where they might be. They also deserve a little bit of privacy!
That’s it! That’s the end! We’ve made it, friends! All 10 episodes!
For Part 4, I will attempt to correct the dates I retroactively changed from part 1 to part 2 and then from part 2 to part 3 and package all of this in a neat presentation that would be more digestible than this wall of rambling.
I will take my time to complete part 4 and review everything so I might upload it in a week's time or so, maybe more.
I rushed Part 1 through 3 so that it could get out of my head and you all paid the price for how much rambling there is ;) sorry!
Thank you for reading so far! This was a blast even though I felt like I was losing my mind quite a bit!
#the terror#the terror amc#the terror timeline#This was a MARATHON#Episode 10#19th Century dead sailors#Reference#Maps and stuff#Hopes it helps someone else!
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Rostron’s Sea Serpent [modern cryptid/urban legend]
One day when the Cunard Line ship Campania sailed into Queenstown, on what was to be an uneventful Friday evening, one of its crewmembers noticed something unusual in the water. Arthur Rostron - a future ship's captain who would later become famous for rescuing many survivors of the HMS Titanic - spotted what he would later describe as a 'sea serpent'.
The creature had a neck of about 12 inch thick and held its head roughly 8 feet above the water's surface. Rostron, along with a junior officer who also sighted the strange creature, reported their unusual find to the captain, who assumed the junior officer must have been drunk.
Rostron would never see the alleged sea serpent again, but the next Monday he came upon a newspaper article of a witness who claimed to have seen such a creature in the Bristol Channel. The man, whose name is not revealed, was supposedly attacked by the creature on Saturday (the day after Rostron's sighting) and fought it off with an oar. Given the time and location, Rostron assumed this beast to be the very same he had encountered.
The drawing that Rostron made after seeing the beast appears to have been lost to time, and I found no illustrations or other descriptions of the supposed sea monster.
However, I found that the incident is often compared to a similar story that happened a few decades earlier. In 1848, captain M'Quhae of the English frigate Daedalus saw a monster somewhere between St. Helena and the Cape of Good Hope. He had more luck than Rostron, in that several other crewmembers also saw the creature and could back up his account. The animal was described as follows:
Its body was about 60 feet in length, with an additional (estimated) 30 or 40 feet remaining underwater.
The creature's dark brown serpentine body was roughly 16 inch in diameter and its head was raised 4 feet over the surface of the water.
The head was equipped with jaws large enough to swallow an adult man, and fitted with many jagged teeth. The head was, he insisted, definitely that of a snake, and with a yellow-white throat. A seaweed-like mane protruded from its back, but no fins could be discerned.
Lieutenant Drummond would later back up the story of his captain in ‘Zoologist’, though he added a few details: the creature had a dorsal fin and its head was long (about 10 feet) and pointy with a flattened top.
Captain M'Quhae claimed that the creature came so close to the ship that if it had been a human acquaintance of his, he would have easily recognized their features. The creature was swimming to the south west in a relatively straight line. When I searched for M’Quhae’s story, I found some reproductions of the images that were originally published in the Illustrated London News.
Sources:
Rostron, A.H., 1931, Home from the Sea, Cassel & Company Ltd., London, p.49-51.
'The Great Sea-Serpent' in Gleason's Pictorial Drawing Room Companion, Vol.3 No.1, July 3 1852
Edwards, A., 1990, Fish and Fisheries of Saint Helena Island, Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, 152pp, p.14-17.
(images 1 and 3: Gleason’s Pictorial Drawing Room Companion, image is a reproduction of an illustration in Illustrated London News)
(image 2: Fish and Fisheries of Saint Helena Island, image is a reproduction of an earlier illustration in Illustrated London News)
#mythical creatures#urban legends#cryptids#miscellaneous#aquatic creatures#monsters#sea monsters#creatures
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Marat Resources Masterpost:
Author's Note: This list is limited to Marat's own works and less-negative portrayals from various historians. There are ample books and historians that depict Marat in a negative way that are easy to find. There has been a bit of work done to show Robespierre in a less negative way in the field, but most of the works about Marat that don't just echo Thermadorian propoganda are much older (like pre-Cold War). Also, in attempt to make this as accessible as possible, most of these sources are public-access or can be found through JSTOR.
I'll be adding more dates and sources as I progress in my own studies, but I hope this offers at least a starting point.
Marat's Own Works:
Pre-Revolution: Scientific and Medical Works
Essay on Gleets (Gonorrhea) (1775) and An Inquiry Into the Nature, Cause, and Cure of a Single Disease of the Eyes (1776) (English Translation from 1891)
Recherches Physiques sur le Feu (English: Research into the Physics of Fire) (1780)
Découvertes sur la Lumière (Discoveries on Light) (1779)
Recherches physiques sur l'électricité (Research in Physics on Electricity) (1782)
Mémoire sur l'électricité médicale (1783)
Discoveries of M. Marat,... on fire, electricity and light, confirmed by a series of new experiments. (1779)
His French Translation of Newton's Optics (1787)
Pre-Revolution: Political/Other Works
A philosophical essay on man: Being an attempt to investigate the principles and laws of the reciprocal influence of the soul on the body. (1773)
De l'homme ou des principes et des lois de l'influence de l'ame sur le corps, et du corps sur l'ame. (1775)
Plan de législation criminelle. (1780)
The Chains of Slavery: LES CHAÎNES DE L'ESCLAVAGE (1791 French Edition)
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Avilir les peuples.
Chapter 3 Diviser la nation.
Chapter 4 Des esprits satiriques.
Chapter 5: Vains efforts du peuple.
Chapter 6: De la guerre étrangère.
Chapter 7: Coups d'etat.
The Chains of Slavery (1774 English Translation)
Early Revolution:
Offrande à la Patrie (Offering to the Nation) (first published anonymously in February 1789)
"Supplément de l'Offrande" (1789)
L' Ami du Peuple:
L' Ami du Peuple (September 1789-1793)
L' Ami du Peuple continued
Some Specific Parts of L' Ami du Peuple:
"Jews, Executioners, and Actors" (from No. 77, December 25, 1789)
"Illusion of the Blind Multitude on the Supposed Excellence of the Constitution" (from No 334, January 8, 1791)
“Freedom is Lost” (from No. 625, December 14, 1791)
“What Men Are More Vain than the French?” (from No 671, July 12, 1792)
"To Camille Desmoulins"
"Corruption of the National Assembly"
"Denunciation of Necker"
"On the King's Dismissal of Necker"
"Conjurations of all Enemies to the Revolution with Lafayette"
"Observations of the Hate Raised Against Him"
Post-humously Published Works:
The Adventures of Young Count Potowski, Vol. 1 (published in 1848)
The Adventures of Young Count Potowski, Vol. 2
From Historians on Marat:
Marat: THE FRIEND OF THE PEOPLE (Bougeart, 1865?)
"The Radicalism of Jean Paul Marat" ARTICLE (Gottschalk, 1921)
Jean-Paul Marat: The People's Friend (Bax, 1900)
Jean-Paul Marat: A Study in Radicalism (Gottschalk, 1927)
Jean-Paul Marat: Tribune of the French Revolution (Conner, 2012)
Jean Paul Marat: Scientist and Revolutionary (Conner, 1997)
#french revolution#french rev#jean paul marat#marat#resources#masterpost#l'ami du peuple#frev#sources
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The Republic is worth a sauce gribiche
by Aurélien Soucheyre
„21 January is the day of the tete de veau dish, to celebrate the day in 1793 when the monarchy of divine right lost its own head. But where does this tradition come from and what's the recipe?
It's been going on for over two hundred years: every 21 January, thousands of gourmets enjoy a tete de veau at republican banquets. The date is no coincidence: it's the anniversary of the beheading of Louis XVI in 1793, the ultimate symbol of the fall of the Old Regime. The tradition comes from the pamphleteer Romeau, who in 1794 invited people to eat a pig's head on 21 January, a biscuit in the shape of the Bastille on 14 July and a 'fat chicken of India' on 10 August, the date of the collapse of royalty in 1792. Only the 21 January head has survived. It went from being a pig, referring to a king caricatured as a piglet in 1791, to a calf in 1848, when the Second Republic was established. The Third, Fourth and Fifth Republics then refrained from changing the animal. As for the sauce, it has evolved over the years, and it is the gribiche that has held the rope for decades, composed, for the purists, of eggs, mustard, oil, parsley, tarragon, chervil, and above all the indispensable capers and gherkins, which represent neither the body nor the breasts of the deceased king.
It's just that the practice has nothing to do with an anthropophagic delirium. It is not the individual Louis XVI who is being eaten, who had already lost his crown and had once again become "citizen Louis Capet". It is the monarchy of divine right that is being swallowed, the political regime itself, digested by the republican stomach. And if that sounds far-fetched, it's because the original idea came from England, as recounted by Gustave Flaubert in E'Education Sentimentale. On 30 January 1649, the British were the first to decapitate their monarch, by attacking Charles 1st. They were also the first to eat calves' heads on that date, in response to the royalists' commemorations. And even though the English throne has since been reoccupied, without absolute powers, the French replay the match every 21 January, with the royalists in the Basilica of Saint-Denis cowering on one side and the republicans laughing on the other.
Cold or hot
So there are confreries of calf's head eaters all over France on D-Day, a combination of English humour and French terror, all under the revolutionary flag. A great fan of tete de veau and "roborative cuisine", according to legend, former French President Jacques Chirac has never said whether he discovered this speciality at a banquet under the tricolour cockade, somewhere between Paris and Corrèze. But he did help to popularise the dish. It can be eaten cold, with little touches to the eyelids, nostrils, tongue and brains, for those who like to chew, or hot like a pot-au-feau. A matter of taste. Because the French Revolution is neither cold nor hot: it's lukewarm, because it's still waiting to be over.“
Tete de veau with gribiche sauce
Ingredients:
- 1 boneless veal head and 1 tongue
- 80g flour - 1 clove of garlic - 4 carrots
- 2 sprigs celery - 3 large onions spiked with cloves
- 1 bouquet garni - salt and pepper
Preparation:
The day before, soak the head and tongue in salted water and change the water several times. The next day, blanch the veal head, previously cut in half. Bring the veal halves and tongue to the boil, starting with cold water. Decant, peel the tongue and cut in half lengthways. Place each tongue half in each veal half, then roll into rotis before tying.
To cook the head. In a large pot, pour the flour delayed in a glass of white vinegar and add 10 litres of cold water. Add all the ingredients (herbs and chopped vegetables) and mix. Bring the bouillon to the boil before adding the two halves of the steak. Leave to simmer for two hours.
Check that it is cooked through, remove the two halves and leave to cool. Remove the string and roll into a ballottine, then wrap tightly in cling film to cut into equal slices.
Serve hot (or cold, according to taste), accompanied by potatoes cooked separately in salted water and a gribiche sauce.
For the sauce
Ingredients:
- 2 or 3 eggs - 1 tbsp wine vinegar (optional)
- 1 tsp mustard - 25cl peanut or rapeseed oil
- salt and pepper - 30 g chopped gherkins
- 30g chopped capers - 1 tbsp parsley
- 1 tbsp chopped tarragon - 1 tbsp chopped chervil
Preparation:
Boil the eggs until they are hard-boiled. Crush the yolks, add the mustard and mix the mayonnaise with the oil. Add the vinegar, salt and pepper and mix in the gherkins, capers, herbs and finely chopped egg whites.
#french revolution#history#recipe#robespierre et le peuple debout magazine#frev#slowly translating the articles in the special edition
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Hello, Monsieur! I'm sorry for my much questions, but the chance asking you them is simply too overwhelming and nice!
Well, I am interested about your concerts you gave during your live time. When and where - and that all - I mean. Is there a good website with a list or similar?
Good afternoon mon petit élève, never be sorry for asking questions, I enjoy answering them!
As far as I’m aware, there’s no definitive list of my concerts, but I’ve tried to remember when and where I performed during my lifetime for you. The list only includes concerts, not events such as soirées, balls or bazaars… And nor does it include the specific concert halls for it has been too long for me to recall such small details.
My concerts:
11 August 1829 Vienna
18 August 1829 Vienna
17 March 1830 Warsaw
22 March 1830 Warsaw
8 July 1830 Warsaw
11 October 1830 Warsaw
8 November 1830 Wrocław
11 June 1831 Vienna
28 August 1831 Munich
25 February 1832 Paris
20 May 1832 Paris
March 1833 Paris
3 April 1833 Paris
25 April 1833 Paris
15 December 1833 Paris
25 February 1834 Paris
14 December 1834 Paris
25 December 1834 Paris
22 February 1835 Paris
15 March 1835 Paris
4 April 1835 Paris
26 April 1835 Paris
31 March 1837 Paris
3 March 1838 Paris
12 March 1838 Paris
29 October 1839 Paris
26 April 1841 Paris
21 February 1842 Paris
15 January 1843 Paris
17 March 1843 Paris
16 February 1848 Paris
23 June 1848 London
7 July 1848 London
28 August 1848 Manchester
27 September 1848 Glasgow
4 October 1848 Edinburgh
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Some post June Rebellion Marius x Cosette HCs after Valjean dies
. After Valjean dies in early March 1833, Marius and Cosette moved to Marseille ( which is also Valjean's birthplace )
. Marius becomes an investigative journalist in LA Marseillaise ( a neutral news reporting company in Marseille ), while Cosette becomes an art teacher at a Catholic school
. They have 4 children together : Victoire II ( born in 1834 May ), twins Marcelin II and Michel II ( born in 1836 ), and Adelaide ( born in 1838 )
. Marius and Cosette basically juggle between their careers, raising their 4 children, all that
. They work to heal their traumas together, and they can't bear to tell their children the sheer horror details of what they been through in the June Rebellion
. I mean, their children heard some stuff about that at those points, yet still
. On the night before the 1848 French Revolution in Feb for 3 days, Victoire II told her father that she wants to join her friends to defend her school
. Marius told his oldest daughter that he is very sorry, yet she and her siblings shall be in the basement for a few days till the whole hoopla is over
. Victoire sighed and went to the basement with her siblings
. The next morning when Marius and Cosette woke up
. They are HORRIFIED TO DISCOVER THAT VICTOIRE HAS SNUCK OUT ALREADY?!?!?!
. Cue Marius and Cosette scrambling to ride on some rental horses and ask around directions
. Ofc they told the small sized staff in tow of that house to watch over Victoire II's sibs in the basement
. Eventually they managed to find Victoire II joining her friends to help defend her school
. Cue Marius and Cosette risked their lives to rush to save their oldest daughter
. Luckily, she survived
. Unluckily, Victoire II literally nearly died that day and has to be hospitalized for injuries for 2 months
. That event made the Pontmercys closer over shared shock and grief on that
. After the 1848 French Revolution, despite the celebratory cries of victory against the July Monarchy ringing all across France, there is still much work to be done to recover France
. Victoire II's parents visited Victoire II regularly in that hospital. Victoire II's sibs stayed in a health spa for 2 months due to intense PTSD from the 1848 French Revolution
. Ofc Marius and Cosette worked to help their kids and each other recover from the 1848 French Revolution
. After the 1848 French Revolution, Marius soon founded his own social newsletter called La Lumiere, and Cosette switched to be an art teacher at the Marseille Art Museum
. Because they are HAUNTED with how their oldest daughter nearly died in that event, and they are also haunted with how several of their Co workers ( and several of the students in that school Cosette worked in before ) didn't make it in the 1848 French Revolution for some time.... 🤯🤯🥺🥺🥺😭😭😭
. Also also Cosette becomes a lead illustrator for Marius' newsletter after the 1848 French Revolution
. Before that, she already at times helped with illustrations with Marius' journals during his La Marseillaise days
🤩🤩🤩🥺🥺🥺
Victoire II and Marcelin II are more like their father
While Michel II and Adelaide are more like their mother
🤯🤯🤯🥺🥺🥺
It was around after the 1848 French Revolution did those 4 eventually knew what their parents really been through in the June Rebellion
Their parents profusely apologized to them for not telling them sooner due to ' fear of breaking their hearts '
And those 4 understand and forgive them
🤯🤯🥺🥺🥺
A thing is
Marius and Cosette will still be Republican leaning in the 1840s French Revolution
Yet their No. 1 priority especially then is to ensure the securities of their household and their children, especially from the machinations of Royalist thugs
🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯
Plus in my Les Mis fics Cosette soon came to use her art classes as a form of art therapy for her students who been through a lot in the June Rebellion and later the 1840s French Revolution
🤯🤯🤯🥺🥺🥺
She also uses her visual arts skills as a form of helping Marius and their children as a form of art therapy especially after all they been through and such
🤯🤯🤯🥺🥺🥺
During her post Valjean's death era, Whenever she isn't art teaching, Cosette basically juggles with raising her children, managing that household, getting involved with community related matters often, and sometimes likes to hang out at parks with Marius, their children and their friends
She also sometimes likes to visit art galleries, similarly as she has sometimes done during the June Rebellion era ( sometimes with Valjean, her post Convent Era friends and later on Marius )
In the Les Mis book, Cosette came to have a penchant for visual arts
It certainly becomes therapeutic to her especially after all she been through
I'd love to develop that aspect more in my Les Mis fics
🤩🤩🤩🥺🥺🥺🥺
Like post Convent School Era Cosette defo becomes a quirky, gentle, dreamy and brave soft goth girl who carries her art supplies in her bags wherever she went, often wearing flowers on her hats and coiffures, and basically shows Marius and her loved ones a different outlook of life
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December 1st 1463 saw the death of Mary of Guelders, Wife of King James II.
Mary of Gueldres, the only daughter and heiress of Arnold, Duke of Gueldres, was born in 1433 and was brought up and educated at the court of her kinsman, “Philip the Good”, Duke of Burgundy.
She was chosen as a suitable royal bride by a party of specially appointed Scottish commissioners, who approved as much of her amiable qualities as of her ancestry and her queenly character. She set sail from Flanders in a resplendent galley, escorted by 13 other ships, with a retinue of nobles and 300 men at arms, landing at Leith on 18th June 1449.
A fortnight later, on 3rd July, she married James II, King of Scots, at Holyrood and was crowned queen on the same day. The marriage proved fruitful and she had 5 sons and 3 daughters, although 1 son and 1 daughter died in infancy.
Upon the death of her husband at the Siege of Roxburgh on 3 August 1460, when he was six weeks short of his 30th birthday and she was about 27, she immediately took command of the situation, becoming unofficial regent for her nine-year-old son, James III. Taking her young son with her, she immediately set out for Roxburgh, where the siege was going badly since the death of her husband. She rallied the forces ranged against the castle and succeeded in capturing it in a couple of days. Then, having had her son hastily crowned at the nearest suitable place, which happened to be Kelso Abbey, on 10 August, they made a royal progress back to Edinburgh in some style.
For the remaining three years of her life Mary continued to dominate the political scene and look after the interests of her eldest son, aided by her chief minister, James Kennedy, Bishop of St. Andrews. In July 1460 she had sheltered Margaret of Anjou (wife of Henry VI of England) and her son, Prince Edward, in Lincluden Abbey, after their party´s defeat at Northampton; as part of the deal, a treaty was signed promising Edward in marriage to Mary´s daughter, Princess Mary of Scotland. She also gave temporary refuge to Margaret and Henry after their defeat at Towton in March 1461, exacting, as the price of her help and friendship, the surrender of Berwick back into Scottish hands.
A devout Catholic, Mary founded Trinity College Church in 1460 in memory of her husband. The church, was in Edinburgh´s Old Town, however it was demolished in 1848 to make way for Waverley station. Mary was buried in the church, although her coffin was moved to Holyrood Abbey in 1848.
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The United States Virgin Islands celebrates Emancipation Day as an official holiday on July 3. It commemorates the abolition of slavery by Danish Governor Peter von Scholten on July 3, 1848.
#United States Virgin Islands#US Virgin Islands#Emancipation Day#travel#abolition of slavery#3 July 1848#anniversary#US history#St. Thomas#USA#Fort Christian#architecture#Caribbean Sea#Caribbean Island#vacation#cityscape#landscape#seascape#summer 2013#original photography#tourist attraction#landmark#beach#Magen's Bay#Charlotte Amalie
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On this day, 2 July 1848, enslaved people in St Croix (now the US Virgin Islands) rebelled, burned down plantations and besieged the town of Frederiksted. The Caribbean island was at that time a Danish colony, and it had been decreed that slavery would be abolished in 1859, but the enslaved workers refused to wait. After revolutions in Europe led to turmoil in nearby Martinique and Guadeloupe, hundreds of rebels seized the moment and rose up. By the end of the day, only the local military garrison, Fort Frederiksværn, had not yet been overrun. The following day, the governor general, Peter von Scholten arrived. Faced with demands from the enslaved people to immediately abolish slavery, or they would burn the town to the ground, he relented and shouted out: “Now you are free, you are hereby emancipated.” Technically von Scholten had no authority to abolish slavery, and he was strongly criticised by enslavers and Danish authorities. But faced with a fait accompli, Denmark had no real choice but to accept the situation. The agreement achieved by the formerly enslaved people went even further than just immediate emancipation, as the order issued on the night of July 3 also applied to the Danish colonies of St Thomas and St John, and directed that the enslaved had the right to keep their current housing and provisions for three months, and that elderly and ill labourers had to be looked after by the former enslavers "until further determination". The old enslavers subsequently sued the Danish government demanding recompense for the loss of their "property". Danish Parliament rejected their claim, on the grounds that "slavery [was] itself an institution in conflict with religion and justice". But they did then agreed to pay a relatively low compensation figure of $50 per enslaved person. Pictured: a statue commemorating the abolition of slavery on St Thomas * We only post highlights here, for all our stories follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/wrkclasshistory https://www.facebook.com/workingclasshistory/photos/a.296224173896073/2025554510963022/?type=3
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The Terror: When, How, Where... (PART 2)
See Part 1 here (ep 1 thru 5)
See Part 3 here (Ep 10)
For Context I am trying to make a timeline with locations from The Terror. You will find here:
1. Probable location and coordinates
2. Probable date
3. Travel distance and speed
4. Death count
List of Locations identified so far:
Location 1 - David Young's grave (71.22, -96.60) - Sept 5 1846
Location 2 - Ships Position September 1846 (70.25, -98.00) - Sept 12 1846
Location 3 - Ships Position June 1847 (70.15, -98.30) - May 24 to Jun 11 1847
Location 4 & 5 - The Cairn and the Ice Camp (69.66, -98.27) - May 28 1847
Location 6- The Ships in January 1848 (70.055, -98.59) - January 10th- 17th 1848
Location 7- The Ships in April 1848 (69.88, -98.57) - April 22nd 1848
Location 8 - Fairholmes' Last Resting Place (69.72, -98.35) - April 23rd 1848
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24) - April 24th-26th 1848
Location 10 - Netsilik Massacre (69.62, -98.05) - April 25th 1848
Location 11- Hodgson is found - Mutineers: (69.56, -98.06) - April 27th 1848
Location 12 - Hodgson is found – Crozier (69.54, -98.14) - April 27th 1848
Location 13 - Fitzjames Collapses (68.94, -98.79) - June 10th 1848
Location 14 - Gibson's death (68.860, -98.73) - June 27th 1848
Location 15 - Fitzjames' Death (68.78, -98.21) - July 28th 1848
Location 16 - The NorWest Passage (68.7, -98.06) - July 28th 1848
Location 17 - Hospital Camp (68.68, -97.74) - August 3rd
Location 18 – Bridgens' death (68.70, -97.95) - August 10th
Loocation 19 - It's Rat Meal Time (68.73, -97.99) - August 3rd
Location 20 - Crozier Ambushed (68.67, -97.84) - Augsut 10th
Known and historical locations are in blue
Proposed locations by Franklin Researchers in orange
Proposed locations by yours truly in pink
Historical locations but for which the show took liberties... in red
Analysis below the line
1927 Admiralty Map
Use this link ^ to see the Famous 1927 Admiralty Map
Matching the Show
Episode 6- A Mercy
This is it, folks! The LAST of the bottle episodes. Next one is going to make me go absolutely insane...
Location 6- The Ships in January 1848 (70.055, -98.4)
Date: January 10th 1848
Nighttime - 13h 01 min
Daylight - None
Twilight - 9h 59 min
Sunset: N/A- Sunrise: N/A
So! This episode is the beginning of trying to understand when and what the fuck is going on. :')
Timestamp declares it is January 1848
Following timestamp announces this is 2 weeks after Episode 5, which we put between December 14 and December 20 in Part 1 (will need to edit.. :') ). First proposed date: Between December 28 and January 3
Fitzjames tells us it's 1 week from Sunrise (17th Jan for that latitude) which brings our Second proposed date: January 10
Lady Jane's Christmas Pudding (Hear, Hear) was offered to the men the week before. So, either it was not served on December 25th or the Third proposed date is: January 1st.
Considering that 1. and 3. are undeniable, I must conclude that my assessment of the timeline for episode 5 in Part 1 was Incorrect It would, therefore, put the death of Blanky's leg closer to December 27th
I must also conclude that January 10th is our date for the beginning of the episode and that the pudding was served on Jan 6th for Epiphany rather than Christmas. (This seemed so important to me for some reason...)
Now! For Location!
In part 1, I used the proposed location from the 1927 admiralty map for the position of the ships in Sept 1846 and their position in May/Jun 1847 to calculate the travel speed of the ships drifting with the Pack. Which was about... 0.04 miles per day.
Considering that there is 232 days between May 24 1847 and Jan 10 1848, the ships would have drifted approx 9.3 miles SW from their summer position (Location 3 - 70.15, -98.30). and, now, I wanted to make an additional extrapolation from the known position in April 22nd but... well, you'll see that was more difficult than expected when we move on to episode 7 so... instead, we'll use that 9.3 Miles SW from May 24 1847, so, about near (70.055, -98.4).
To be noted that I tried to pinpoint Location 6 for my own litle fun because it is not that relevant. They're in the pack, that's it. Their position in April is much more interesting. Also to note, you'll see when I get to Location 7 that my proposition puts Location 6 closer to Location 3, which is counterintuitive considering that it would mean that the pack drifted much faster between Jan and April (3 months) than between June and Jan (6 months). I propose to revise Location 6 for a future edit of this fun rabbit hole. The 0.04miles a day for the pack drift may have been accelerated during the summer months (June to September), even without a full thaw. For future consideration...
Thankfully, we remain in the vicinity of Location 6 for the next event so we don't have to go through all of THAT again... :')
Date: January 16th to January 17th 1848
Nighttime - 12h 34 min
Daylight - 34 min
Twilight - 9h 52 min
Sunset: 12:01 pm- Sunrise: 11:27 am
Jacko dies of lead poisoning
Carnivale goes up in flame and we're all sad.
For the Death Count, now...
Lt. Irving gives us a count of 116 men onboard the ships
This sounds inexact... At the end of December, by my count, we had 121 men still "alive" on the expedition (22 Officers and 99 men). 8 of those are on a vacation in the Fairholme party (Not counted as dead yet). This would mean we have 113 men on Terror and Erebus.
DEATH COUNT: 7 (Total: 13)
19 Officers and 95 Men remaining
To be Noted: The 3 dead officers I counted are the doctors and since no other officers names are mentioned, I assumed that was it... We will adjust when we get to VPN.
Episode 6- Horrible from Supper
There we go, folks! This is where I began to go absolutely INSANE trying to figure out all of this... Thank God this one is easy for the dates... and wow, I'm sure there is actually a paper for all that stuff somewhere out there but... I was either too lazy to find it and this is what I will die doing instead OR it's VERY obscure and I might as well do it myself...
ONWARD TO
Location 7- The Ships in April 1848 (69.88, -98.57)
Date: April 22nd 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 25 min
Twilight - 6h 35 min
Sunrise: 3:52 am Sunset: 9:16 pm
Departure from Ships
And now I'm going to go absolutely rabid about the location...
I have a problem and it might have to do with my lack of understanding of how coordinates work, which renders this whole post frustrating... The thing is... the thing is. The position given by Fitzjames on his amendment of the VPN is... I don't understand it... he says they landed at 69°37'42.0"N 98°41'00.0"W (69.63, -98.68) but then proceed in saying that they left the ships 5 Leagues NNW of the Cairn (Location 4 - 69.66, -98.27).
(See the summary map for episode 6)
Oh, Jimmy FitzJimmy... That... that's not a NNW-SSE line... :') It's also not 15 miles... Did they have different Latitudes in 1845? I would need to research...
So, anyway, I will, instead try to figure out what would be the location based on the 5 league (I expect this was an approximated distance) and here is my proposition for a rough Location 7 (69.88, -98.57 or 69°52'N, 98°34'W)
For comparison purposes, the position from the VPN will be identified in yellow in the summary map.
Next Location: That would Location 8! Poor Lt Fairholmes party.
Location 8 - Fairholmes' Last Resting Place (69.72, -98.35)
Date: April 23th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 30 min
Twilight - 6h 30 min
Sunrise: 3:48 am Sunset: 9:18 pm
For the date: They have not yet reached Terror Camp and it looked to be either very early in the morning or late at night. I will suppose late at night, which would make the landing at Terror Camp to be made the next day. If Fitzjames and Crozier went to deposit the VPN the same day they arrived at TC, then this would make it April 24th.
For the Location: They mention that Fairholmes made 18 miles from the position the ships were at in June 1847 (Location 3 - 70.15, -98.30) and they had to find themselves in the path of Crozier and Co, close to the coast. Now, 18 miles... they certainly did not make the calculation on top of their head. From Part 1, we know that Gore had to travel 33.5 miles to get from the Ships in Location 3 to the Cairn in Location 4. 18 miles would have been a little bit over half-way there. In next image, I traced the path from Location 3 to Location 4 and Location 7 to Location 4 and you'll see why this is confusing:
Half-way from Location 3 to Location 4 would have been nowhere near to where Crozier and Co could have found Fairholmes. Maybe it wasn't as much as a straight line as I made it to be here or maybe Mr. Fitzjames is still confused about distances and Lat. Long position... Maybe I've been wrong this WHOLE TIME and they're counting in Nautical Miles and I'm about to throw my whole being out of the window.
Anyway, in order to preserve my Sanity, I will mark Location 8 at a very subjective position based on the flow of the episode rather than the information they gave... Now you understand why I became feral about this. Location 8 (69.72, -98.35) and that would be 30 miles from where the Ships were in June 1847...
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24)
Date: April 24th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 40 min
Twilight - 6h 20 min
Sunrise: 3:42 am Sunset: 9:23 pm
Date is given by the VPN - They arrive the day before going to Victory Point. Morfin dies.
For the Location, I would like to go back to our dear friend the 1927 Admiralty Map which identify where McClintock found the grave of Lt. J. Irving, a Camp and Many Relics. It is just slightly South East of Victory Point. Now, in the show, when Crozier and Fitzjames held hand, the first thing they saw was the Camp, vs when Gore climbed the ridge, he saw the Cairn.
Either the show moved the camp a little bit closer to the shore or they "landed" at a southerner position than Gore did. Either way, I feel that for a couple miles between the two points, we can go with the historical marker. Also, for my sanity. I will therefore arbitrarily put Location 9 at 69.644, -98.24, about 2 miles from the Cairn and I feel that this is a good location for it.
Last Location for Horrible from Supper (dear Lord)
Location 10 - Netsilik Massacre (69.62, -98.05)
Date: April 25th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 50 min
Twilight - 6h 10 min
Sunrise: 3:37 am Sunset: 9:28 pm
Date: Same as the VPN (from Episode 8)
Location: Irving was assigned to go East by Lt. Little. Therefore, we'll sorta assume that it was a due East.
Now, when they split from Hodgson, Irving mentions that they are an hour before they are due before they are to return to Terror. Assuming that they would be on a hunting trip of 6 hours (this seems long but probably necessary considering they are starting to grow desperate for fresh supplies), this would make their split at the 2h mark and Irving went South. Assuming they may have walked another 15 minutes (they were due to turn back to where they split in 30 min), then we're up to 2h 15min away from camp.
They did not seem to be walking in any kind of fast pace, that they might have stopped on the way and that they are on an uneven ground and tired from hauling their sledge to TC, I will assume a steady pace of 2.5 miles per hour. This would put them a generous 5.6 miles away from TC. (To be checked with Hickey story next episode) and therefore, Location 9 is (69.62, -98.05)
And with this, we are DONE for episode 7!
DISTANCES AND TRAVEL:
Loc 7 to Loc 8
Travel time - 2 complete days (arrival eod)
Travel Distance: 10.6 NM / 12 miles / 20 km
Average Travel Speed - 6 miles a day
Travel Condition - Hauling Sledges and following a track - Pack is now littered with Seracs. This must have been gruesome - Comparable speed to Gore's Party.
Loc 8 to Loc 9
Travel time - 1 day
Travel Distance: 5.1 NM / 6 miles / 9.5 km
Average Travel Speed - 6 miles a day
Travel Condition - Hauling Sledges and following a track - High Ridge - Half distance on shale
Loc 9 to Loc 10
Travel Time - 2hours 15min
Travel Distance: 5.6 miles
Average Travel Speed - 2.5mph
Travel Condition: On foot, no heavy load, hunting - Not a straight line.
DEATH COUNT: 1 (Morfin) + 8 (Fairholmes) + 2 (Irving/Farr) (Total: 26)
14 Officers and 89 Men remaining
7 Men remaining on Ships
14 Officers and 82 men in Terror Camp
Episode 8 - Terror Camp Clear
Buckle up Buttercups, the horrors are coming...
So, first, let's do with the date. The next few movements are all the same date:
Date: April 25th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 17h 50 min
Twilight - 6h 10 min
Sunrise: 3:37 am Sunset: 9:28 pm
What I want to figure out is the hour by hour of that day ahah
Location 4 -The Cairn (69.66, -98.27)
Crozier and Fitzjames deposit the famous VPN.
Now, I could go on an on about how confusing the VPN was for me but I'll leave it at that... I would like to make the exercise of counting the dead men tho :)
Officers - 9
Franklin, Gore, Dr. Stanley, Dr. McDonald, Dr. Peddie, Fairholme, Hornby, 1 unnamed (Fairholme party or Carnivale)
Men - 15
Braine, Hartnell, Darlington, Morfin, Orren, Young, Torrington, Strong, Evans, Heather, Bryant, + 4 (Fairholme party or Carnivale)
So, as a note, that would not work because we have 7 deaths from the Carnival (4 named) and 8 from Fairholme (1 named) and I have only 5 unnamed left to make the VPN 24. *sigh*
MOVING ON
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24)
And then back to
Location 10 - Netsilik Massacre (69.62, -98.05)
And THEN Back to
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24)
So let's see how much walking Crozier has made today from the beginning of the episodes: 11 miles!
1.3 miles from Cairn to TC
4.9 miles from TC to Location 10 (Bird's reach)
Now we know that the average man walks 3mph
Crozier would have spent maybe 45 minutes to walk back from the cairn with Fitzjames (making brotherhood and stuff)
And then he would have to pace himself for Blanky to follow to Location 10, so, perhaps 2mph. - 2h 30 min to make it to Location 10.
In total, Crozier would have walked at least 6h that day and 12.5 miles
If the hunting parties were sent out from 6 am, that would mean that Irving and Farr would have been murdered around 8h30. He needed time to do his business, maybe 10 minutes (what are the Netsilik doing in the meantime?) By the time that Hickey runs back and forth to get Hodgson, who had gone in another direction, we can assume another 30 min, it is now 9:10 am when the Netsilik are massacred. To go back to camp, I assume they would have walked at fast pace, dragging Irving and Farr on their sledge, they could have made it back in 1h 30min. It is now 10h40.
It looks like Fitzjames and Crozier went back as Hodgson was entering the camp again, or just about. so they would have left the Cairn at 10 am and they would have left the Camp for the Cairn maybe around 8 am.
SO!
Let's say there's a bit of shouting, going around, getting Irving on Goodsir's table... they leave to go BACK to Location 10 around 11 am and they reach it around 2:30 pm, make their 10 min investigation and then make their way back starting at 2:40 pm.
They are back just in time for supper around 5:20 pm.
Yep, they could have done all of that in one day. Which is EXACTLY what I wanted to check. What a trek...
Anyway, I think Hickey was scheduled to be hanged around 8pm. Good time to die.
DEATH COUNT: 32 + Pocock + 9 (unknown) (Total: 68)
61 Total remaining
7 Men remaining on Ships
40 with Crozier
11 Mutineers and 3 Reluctant (Hodgson, Goodsir, Diggle) (counted on the screen... and Golding who is going back and forth)
And now, before we go on to Episode 9, let's do an Interlude for how we're going to proceed moving forward:
How We Move Forward
Ok, here is what this section about:
So far, I've been using clues from the show and known historical facts to know where the Cold Boys were, how they got there and who was still around.
Now we enter absolute speculation.
on the subject of LOCATION
Yes, we have a fine map (thank you 1927 Admiralty Map) that let us know where all of the Franklin Artefacts had been found over the course of 75 years but y'all will soon understand when I say that this is where the show accuracy ends.
For one, the most recognizable spot for me is McClintock's Boat Place. And Welp! Maybe one could argue that it is where Hickey attempted his little fake ritual in Episode 10. To which I will answer: ah... probably not? But that is the ONLY scene that could make sense for McC's BP...
Then we have the two famous graves: Le VesconteOrHarry Goodsir and the Peglar Skeleton/Bridgens and we have to ask ourselves, how accurate did the showrunner /author wanted to be about the specific placement of these deaths... After all, a wasteland of shale is a wasteland of shale.
In anyway, I will go over each of the Locations from the 1927 map to try and match a potential scene.
On the subject of TIME:
Now, we no longer have the luxury of dates so we will need to rely on everything else to let us know of the passage of time.
Sunrise/Sunsets - Which will help us identify the overall months
Grooming - These men get beardy.
Health - Declination and recoveries
Travel speed - If locations are known, we can match the date if we suppose a travel speed.
On the subject of SURVIVORS:
I will not keep up with the count. We know they all died and the show did not actually keep track of them. There seem to be as many that left Terror Camp as there are when Peglar collapses. I was mostly interested in doing for episode 8 because I wanted to keep tab on how many left with Hickey, etc but it was just hell to manage for this part.
On the subject of GROUPS:
Now we have 2 groups, the Mutineers and the Frankliners (Crozier and Co). I assumed that Hickey was mostly following the Frankliners at a distance of 4-6 miles behind.
Now, we enter Hell.
Episode 9- The C, The C, The Open C
The episode opens on a known Location and date (thank God), Location
Location 9 - Terror Camp (69.644, -98.24)
Date: April 26th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 18h 01 min
Twilight - 5h 59 min
Sunrise: 3:32 am Sunset: 9:33 pm
They burn their dead.
I assumed this would be the next day because they're still gathering their deads. - Kinda brutal to ask them to walk the day after the attack.
40 Frankliners
14 Mutineers
Location 11/12 - Hodgson is Found
Mutineers Location (11): (69.56, -98.06)
Frankliners Location (12): (69.54, -98.14)
Date: April 27th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 18h 01 min
Twilight - 5h 59 min
Sunrise: 3:32 am Sunset: 9:33 pm
This one is the first difficulty because we need to match a time, an intention and a speed.
First, I would like to propose that this is either the 26th again or the 27th and I will argue for the 27th.
We find Hodgson as he is so famished that he eats his own boot. We can suspect that he would, indeed, be very hungry after having ran through the night from the Tuunbaq. But he would have had supper the night before AND having been on three quarter rations since January. I, of course, have never been hungry enough to resort to eating my shoes but I imagine that if I was in Hodgson situation, I would keep the edible boots for as long as I can. Would he be hungry enough to start eating leather on the morrow of the attack, or more likely 2 days later?
Also, the frost bite on his cheeks suggest he's been outside for at least night.
Hickey and Co have been pulling their sledge, probably for the first couple of hours after Tuunbaq's attack. The difficulty here is to determine how long they would have gone without stopping and how far they would have walked. We've established previously that a sledge party would make, at good pace, 5 miles per day, assuming 4-6 hours of pulling with relays of the men, therefore, we could convene that 1.3 mph could be an acceptable speed for them who are fleeing from Tuunbaq with at least 1 reluctant puller (Goodsir) and 1 confused (Diggle)
We've also established that men on foot without sledges can go from twice to three times that speed. And I suspect that when Fitzjames declared 23 unknown, they actually scouted around the camp to find those men. If scouts were sent in the morning while they were gathering the dead, then they could have made a 2-3 miles search radius. If I was Hickey, I would have pushed for at least 3 hours that night to avoid detection (if we say that Hickey was scheduled to be hanged around 8pm, then they stopped at 11pm). So! in the night of the 25th, they are, at least 3 miles out of the camp.
Now that they are out of camp, they need to do 2 things: 1) Rest. They would not have been able to pick up the pace right back first thing in the morning. 2) Put more distance between themselves and the Frankliners. I suspect that they would have made only 4hours of pulling on the 26th, bringing us just about a whooping 7.8 miles out of Terror Camp.
Finally, it is impossible to detect what time of the day it is when they find Hodgson but looking at the tired look of the crew, maybe an hour in? That would be another 1 miles. So let's average that they found Hodgson after running 9 miles out of Terror Camp
Now that we have a radius, let's talk about direction...
I think it is fair to say that Hickey would have followed the same route as Crozier, seeing that he specifically asked Gibson to take a map. But Crozier was going to follow the coast in case they saw leads. Would Hickey do the same?
3 more things to consider:
1. They left in the fog, without much visual clues to orient themselves. 2. They took the map but Hickey was hoping to get Hodgson on board for his navigational skills (or maybe that was BS, who knows).
3. Mid Episode 9, Tozer reports that the Frankliners are 6 miles AHEAD of them, even though Hickey left first. We'll revisit that later...
Now, on the subject of the third point, it is very possible that Hickey would have rested more often... I just think it's funnier to suggest that he spent the night going in the wrong direction and then just circled back to follow the Frankliners... They realised it when they sent Golding back to Crozier for spying.
So here's the 25th to 27th route I propose for Mr. Hickey:
Mr. Hodgson would have had wandered approx 5 miles SE of Terror Camp. (69.56, -98.06)
As for Crozier, well, I suggest they took this route starting on the 26th, making 5 miles per day and this is where they would be when Hodgson was found (69.54, -98.14), putting them 3 miles away from each group:
Now!
The next scene is where it starts getting hazy and we need to get imaginative in how we account for time past.
In the next scene, we se ethe frankliners are struggling to pull their sledges. Blanky is limping badly and, then, Mr. Fitzjames collapses, complaining about the Heat.
Location 13 - Fitzjames Collapses (68.94, -98.79)
Date: June 10th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 24h
Twilight - None
Sunrise: N/A Sunset: N/A
About the DATE:
Time indicator to consider:
The health of the crewman JFJ is sharing his boat with:
When we left Terror Camp, the sick tent was empty, except for Pocock. While the men where most likely not at the top of the health when they departed, no one was on the verge of dying. Looking at the crewman, he is not only sick, he is emaciated. A quick google search tells us that sickness can make one lose up to 5 pounds a week. Perhaps in, their condition, one could thinkthat the rate could be a bit higher, say... 6 lb? From the crew for which we have the information, we deduce that they were, on average, 5' 6'' so we can use that as a reference to suppose the weight of that sailor. If we assume a BMI borderline to underweight when leaving Terror Camp, we would have weight, maybe... 120 pounds?
Now, severely underweight would put him at 95 pounds, which would be a drop of 20 pounds. Assuming 6 lb, that would be a guesstimate of 3 weeks and a half for him to deteriorate... let's give them a chance and say a month and a half since Terror Camp.
I think that's reasonable... JFJ didn't look great after the Tuunbaq attack but that shirtless scene proved that he was still quite fit.
About the Travel Speed:
See after Location 19
About the Location:
See after Location 19
Location 14 - Gibson's death (68.860, -98.73)
Date: June 27th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 24h
Twilight - None
Sunrise: N/A Sunset: N/A
About the DATE:
Time indicator: Facial hair. Courtesy of not having much shaving available, the Mutineers are looking quite rugged. Let's discuss the hairiest: Mr. Goodsir and Lt. Hodgson.
Hodgson starts his time with the Mutineers with a 2 day shadows between his muttonchops. Same for Mr. Goodsir.
See Below the Before/After
And now, huh... wow... that changes a man... I'd say this is looks to be about.. errr... medium beard? According to menhairstylestoday.com, this would take 1 to 2 months to grow at a rate of half an inch a month. Yeah, I can believe these are 2 month old beards. So, there!
Location? Speed travel? Well, I'll stop you right there.. I don't know yet.
Location 15 - Fitzjames' Death (68.78, -98.21)
Date: July 28th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 20h 50 min
Twilight - 3h 10 min
Sunrise: 2:11 am Sunset: 11:01 am
Time Indicator: More Hair. For this one, I will trust the hair because I somehow think the Frankliners would have kept themselves more groomed than the Mutineers.
Taking the angle into account, this is, what... 1.5inch? 2 inch?
Hair can grow at about 0.5 in a month. So, 3 months since Terror Camp.
Time Indicator: Crews' health: It is very evident that they're all getting thinner, sicker but Fitzjames and (most surprisingly) his boat mate are still alive! Considering the risk of infection and the progression of scurvy... it can't have been more than a couple of weeks since Fitzjame's collapse but, not, like, the next day? Can a doctor please stand up for this?
Time Indicator: The amount of food left.
No. I will NOT go there. There's enough math being done wtf...
Location 16 - The NorWest Passage (68.7, -98.06)
Date: July 28th 1848
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 20h 46 min
Twilight - 3h 14 min
Sunrise: 2:13 am Sunset: 10:58 am
Finally, finally! We have it! A Date, AND a location! :D Thank you Mr. Blanky!
So, this is the day after JFJ's death, June 28th.
On Blanky's map, we can read known locations: McGillivray Bay, Pt. W. Smith... Congratulations Mr. Blanky :') You are a true hero.
Supposing he can see McGillivray Bay from where he sits, he would find the Passage at Location 16 (68.7, -98.06)
And wow... does that make me feel like finding my own NW Passage, being able to reconnect all those lost locations from before :')
Back to location 15! Blanky would probably not have walked all that much, given he was in pain and only wanted to draw Tuunbaq to him and toward the Ice. I'd be generous and give him a good 5 miles before he had to sat down. From what Lt. Little reported before they had to stop for Fitzjames, the ice was to the west so we'll assume Mr Blanky walked south west while the party proceeded south east. This would put Location 15 at (68.78, -98.21)
Location 17 - Hospital Camp (68.68, -97.74)
Date: August 3rd
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 19h 33 min
Twilight - 4h 27 min
Sunrise: 2:48 am Sunset: 10:21 pm
Peglar collapses
See Location 17 reasoning for date of the camp
As for Position, well, we're just going to be a little off out of
Location 17 - Bridgens (68.70, -97.95)
Date: August 10th
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 18h21
Twilight - 5h 39 min
Sunrise: 3:23 am Sunset: 9:45 pm
Basically, we all agree that Bridgens is the Peglar Skeleton. Thank god I know where that is! Now, it is interesting that there was a paper published in 2022 about the real location of the Peglar Skeleton (assuming McClintock took his lat and long wrong) but since we are dealing with a 2018 show, we'll go with McClintock's account.(68.70, -97.95)
Sweet, now, about the TIMING
Considering where Location 15 put us, we were quite near the point of collapse for Peglar. I think we could give them a two more days of pulling before it's poor Henry Peglar's turn. No other reason than having previously established that there is a MUCH slower pace now (News is courtesy of Lt. Little) and they left Fitzjames' grave roughly 10 miles from Bridgens' last sighting . I propose the timeline to be thus: Peglar collapse on August 3rd and dies on August 10th. He didn't look like he had wasted away very long. Bridgens immediately leave the party, travel a couple of miles and lay down to die. Has he is seen going in the direction Golding came from (the Mutineer's camp, North), I assume that the Hospital camp is now further south than where the Peglar Skeleton was found.
Loocation 18 - It's Rat Meal Time (68.73, -97.99)
Date: August 3rd
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 19h 33 min
Twilight - 4h 27 min
Sunrise: 2:48 am Sunset: 10:21 pm
About the TIMING:
I suspect Hickey made Goodsir cut Billy the same day they pitched their tent, just to assure his dominance while so close to the Frankliners (6 miles out).
Cripse.... that would have been a 1 month old dead body to eat...
This gives us a location: (68.73, -97.99)
Now, the problem I am having is this... Night falls when Hodgson come to tell his little church story... There will be no dark sky until Mid to late August... so I am mostly going to believe that was only twilight.
Location 19 - Crozier Ambushed (68.67, -97.84)
Date: August 10th
Nighttime - None
Daylight - 18h21
Twilight - 5h 39 min
Sunrise: 3:23 am Sunset: 9:45 pm
About the TIMING:
Bridgens lays down to die the day Crozier is taken. I don't think he moved from there.
About the Location: Close to Hospital camp, by the shore.
NOW HERE'S A THING TO MAKE YOU CONFUSED:
Sophia Cracroft found snow in London in August 1848?
Blanky was still waiting for the Tuunbaq after they pitched tents for Hospital camp?
I think these two scenes are just out of order and for dramatic effect: Basically pitching the fate of Crozier failing to save anyone.
SO! Now that we know where 99 days of walking (April 27th (Location 12) to August 3rd (Location 16 - Hospital camp)), we can average the pace of the walk.
First, let's establish some distances:
About 100 miles, then! I would like to propose the following pace, to take account for the time passed and how tired the men would become. So this would be a decreasing pace and accounting for camping time due to weather (there should still be monstrous hail and blizzard until June), etc.
15 miles first miles at 3mph = 5 days
2 day of rest - 3 days of bad weather
20 miles at 2mph = 10 days
2 day of rest + 2 days of bad weather
25 miles at 1.5 mph = 20 days
3 days of rest + 3 days of bad weather
40 miles at 1mph = 40 days
3 days of bad weather + 6 days of rest
This would put Location 13 - Fitzjames Collapses 60 miles out of Location 12 (45 days travel time) around (68.94, -98.79), right next to Terror Bay :')
I'm also very happy that this would actually match the position of a camp and 2 graves from Halls and Schwatka's expedition! Sometimes I feel like I'm a genius but right now, I swear I'm just holding on for dear life...
and, if we assume that Hickey kept the pace with the Frankliners, this would put
Location 14 - Gibson's death 70 miles out of Location 11 (60 days travel time) around (68.860, -98.73)
Here's the summary Map for Ep 9:
Conclusion: Episode 9 was a mess and this is 12 hours of work...
Part 3 will be for Episode 10.
#the terror#the terror AMC#Reference#Cold Boys adjacent#Analysis#LONG POST#What am I doing#Hope it may help someone else...#how else should I tag this?#Not gonna lie. I mostly lost it when I was halfway through this post and had placed Fitzjames death in mid july only to realise that...#omg the tent is dark... the tent is dark because the sun has set... the sun doesn't set until AUGUST#and so I had to review my whole thing...#It's a lot of#rambling
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April 24, 2023: Rep Zooey Zephyr, Montana State Democratic Representative who just happens to be a Transgender Woman has been Forbidden from Participating in Debates by republican-confederate maga loyalist for 3 Days in a row
This is not simply R-CML talking over Her or ignoring Her
The R-CML Voted for a 3rd Time to Continue Subjecting Zephyr to a Gag Order, Denying Her the chance To Speak.
But
This time Her Supporters were there and They Started Chanting “Let Her Speak!” from the Gallery.
It's important to note Her Supporters Who Were There, Were the PEOPLE of Montana who just Elected Her to Represent Them, Not Only in D.C., but also In Montana.
The republican-confederate maga loyalist Led House Denied PEOPLE OF MONTANA THEIR VOICE!!!
One CBS reporter wrote the PEOPLE'S Voices Were "Forcing legislative leaders [R-CML] to pause proceedings and clear the room."
But
Were the PEOPLE the cause, or was it a Group of FASCIST Silencing the Voices of PEOPLE Who Disagree With Them?
The PEOPLE Came to the House Peacefully, to Hear Their Representative Speak on Matters Important to Them.
The Democratic Way, Would've Been to Hear the Voice of the PEOPLE, Not to Send Armed Law Enforcement to Force The PEOPLE Out and Silence Their Voices
But
The R-CML Did Send Armed Law Enforcement To the Gallery Above the House Floor to Force Out PEOPLE Standing and Chanting "LET HER SPEAK"
Seven, 7 PEOPLE Who Disagreed With the R-CML were Arrested for Criminal Trespass, Criminal Trespass For Chanting.
Sheriff Leo C. Dutton said. The PEOPLE Arrested were going to be booked and released.
Before the House Session began there was a Peaceful Rally to Show Support for Rep Zooey Zephyr
The Capital Statue behind Her Supporter is Interesting to me, because it's depicting Union Brigadier General Thomas Francis Meagher, an Irish Immigrant who was a Famous Revolutionary in Ireland and a Loyal United States Citizen During The Civil War.
January 1847: Meagher, John Mitchel, William Smith O'Brien, and Thomas Devin Reilly formed The Irish Confederation.
The Irish Confederation was for a National Parliament with Full Legislative and Executive Powers. The Founding was based on Principles of Freedom, Tolerance and Truth
Their goal was Independence for the Irish Nation from Britain and they held to any means to achieve that which were consistent with Honor, Morality and Reason.
July 1848: After a failed Rebellion that end The Irish Confederation Meagher Escaped, Came to the U.S. and Became a U.S. Citizen
His Reason Given for Loyalty to the United States During the Civil War...
"It is not only our duty to America, but also to Ireland. We Could Not Hope to Succeed in our effort To Make Ireland a Republic Without the Moral and Material Support of the Liberty-Loving Citizens Of These United States."
Meagher had supported the South, but disagreed over the issue of slavery.
The republican-confederate maga loyalist seem to have Nothing I Common With Thomas Francis Meagher
`1/
"Montana transgender lawmaker silenced again, backers protest"
"Montana transgender lawmaker silenced for third day; protesters interrupt House proceedings"
"Thomas Francis Meagher"
"Union Brigadier General/Politician Thomas Francis Meagher"
#human rights#transgender rights#Women's Rights#Rep Zooey Zephyr#United States of America#republican-confederate maga loyalist#republican traitors
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I posted 7,614 times in 2022
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I tagged 583 of my posts in 2022
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Longest Tag: 140 characters
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My Top Posts in 2022:
#5
"Am I poly????"
Me and my bf (I stopped counting how many centuries old i am much less him) have been in a very happy, harmonious relationship since before the great European revolution of 1848. He is very sweet and I love him very much and there's really nothing to complain about or that I feel like we lack. However, even after all these centuries happy I occasionally still dream of his father and in my dreams he's still always shirtless and I wake up all flustered :( (I have talked about this to my bf, who is mostly amused by it and assures me he's not mad...) I also sometimes still feel like kissing my old lover and now friend who lives with us. Again, my bf doesn't mind because he's the best. But I do wonder if this means that I'm poly?? Please help ;v; the dreams won't stop because his father is stupidly attractive.
10 notes - Posted July 31, 2022
#4
There's so much fruit...everything grows here...🥺
12 notes - Posted May 17, 2022
#3
I'm still not over everybody in the interview with the vampire (2022) trailer having short hair. I get it it's the 1910s bla bla but ??? If I look at the cast of interview with the vampire and don't immediately think of all the drains they must clog is it even interview with the vampire
15 notes - Posted July 30, 2022
#2
18 notes - Posted July 3, 2022
My #1 post of 2022
This book really just Says things sometimes....
18 notes - Posted April 11, 2022
Get your Tumblr 2022 Year in Review →
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9, 11, 13, 14, 19, 21, and 25
9. Best month for you this year?
july :-) !! that was i think the prime month for the assassins musical renaissance, it was really fun! also no school <3
11. Something you want to do again next year?
actually write a thing. like yes it was for a school assignment but if i really applied myself i could probably do it for fun
13. How was your birthday this year?
pretty nice, idk who here remembers construction cake but that was so neat. i don't remember what i got but if i did i would say something about that...
14. Favorite book you read this year?
the temple of music just for the experience. i don't think i'll ever have a reading experience with another book like i did with that one...
19. What’re you excited about for next year?
summer break will occur👍 that's about it tbh. oh also i plan on taking ancient civilizations class next school year? if it's available. if i end up taking it i will no longer know nothing about ancient rome /ij
21. What’s something new about your place of residence (room, home, or general location) now vs the start of the year?
uhhh nothing really changed in my room... or house... or the town where i live... but in a nearby place i think they added a starbucks ?
25. Did you create any characters (in games, art, or writing) this year? Describe one
yeah ! let's go with carina weishuhn..... so like she's a vampire woman from austria and she went to the united states for reasons i don't remember tbh . it's in the story i wrote but i don't feel like rereading it... anyway... she meets this woman named helena and they become best friends and also carina takes helena's blood (without her knowledge) sometimes. then carina kills her dog and alienates her from her brother and forces helena to depend on her and then tells helena she'll save her from her terrible husband and then vampirizes helena and induces her to kill her husband and yeah👍 ok that was an explanation of carina and helena i guess. anyway carina is the worst and i hate her ^_^
also this is all in the year 1848 iirc? i never wrote it (the year) down for some reason
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Lewis Howard Latimer (September 4, 1848 – December 11, 1928) was an African-American inventor and patent draftsman. His inventions included an evaporative air conditioner, an improved process for manufacturing carbon filaments for light bulbs, and an improved toilet system for railroad cars. In 1884, he joined the Edison Electric Light Company where he worked as a draftsman and wrote the first book on electric lighting. The Lewis H. Latimer House, his landmarked former residence, is located near the Latimer Projects at 34-41 137th Street in Flushing, Queens, New York City. He was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts, the youngest of the four children of Rebecca Latimer (1823–1910) and George Latimer (1818–1897). His mother and father escaped from slavery in Virginia and fled to Chelsea, Massachusetts on October 4, 1842. The day they arrived in Boston, George was recognized by a colleague of his former slave owner and was arrested a few days later, on October 20, 1842. George's trial received great notoriety; he was represented by Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison. He was able to purchase his freedom and live with his family. He joined the Navy at the age of 15 and served as a Landsman on the USS Massasoit. After receiving an honorable discharge from the Navy on July 3, 1865, he gained employment as an office boy with a patent law firm, Crosby Halstead and Gould. He learned how to use a set square, ruler, and other tools. He was promoted to the position of the head draftsman. He became a patent consultant to law firms. He married Mary Wilson Lewis on November 15, 1873, in Fall River, Massachusetts. The couple had two daughters, Emma Jeanette (1883–1978) and Louise Rebecca (1890–1963). In 1879, he and his wife, Mary, moved to Bridgeport, Connecticut, along with his mother, and his brother, William. They settled in a neighborhood called "Little Liberia," which had been established in the early 19th century by free blacks. (The landmarked Mary and Eliza Freeman Houses are the last surviving buildings on their original foundations in this community.) #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence https://www.instagram.com/p/CiFWs90u2rqqQfuMJpJEY2LAA9GouLc8-LldoY0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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