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thephantomofthelibrary · 6 years

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29. Rant about your favourite topic.

Well, I’ve already ranted to you about the Merthyr Rising which is one of my absolute favourite events. But luckily for you I have a few of those, so let me tell you about another Welsh social upheaval event. I hope you are sitting comfortably and let me tell you about the glory that is the Rebecca Riots.

Considering my icon right now is an image of the Rebecca Riots I probably should have tackled this issue by now, but apparently not. So let’s so my icon proud and discuss this wonderful event!

(Here is my icon. It is a cartoon published in Punch in 1843.)

The Rebecca Riots were a series of rural riots against tollgates in south and west Wales between 1839 and 1843. The riot which sparked this all off occurred on 13 May 1839 in the village of Efailwen in Carmarthenshire. A new tollgate was destroyed by a group of men dressed in women’s clothing. The tollgate was rebuilt and destroyed again. The early riots were rather sporadic and the more serious and almost constant rioting did not begin until 1842. Most of the included groups of men dressed as women who became known as “Rebecca’s daughters” destroying tollgates. However, other oppressive institutions and regimes were targeted by the rioters such as workhouses. In 1842 the riots began to spread like wildfire from Carmarthernshire through the neighbouring counties until it almost engulfed the rural areas of south and west Wales. Below is a map of Rebecca country. The riot were predominantly rural. However, as it continued to grow industrial workers also joined such as in the industrial areas of Glamorganshire including Swansea and Llanelli.

The events from 1842 onward began to accelerate rapidly. The government originally refused to sent soldiers to the area so local yeomany was used instead. However, as events got more violent and more uncontrollable the government gave in and sent more and more soldiers to the area to deal with the problem. Journalists from London were even sent to report on the events. The riots died down when violence escalated too much, particularly with the death of a woman named Sarah Williams during an attack on the tollgate at Hendy in September 1843.

Why did they dress as women?

Women were often central to food riots i.e. The women’s march on Versailles in October 1789 during the French Revolution. The Rebecca Riots occur in a background of poor harvests and subsistence crises. This certainly would have played a part in this. However, it goes much deeper than this. A verse of the Bible in Genesis 24 v 60 reads:

“And they blessed Rebekah, and said unto her, ‘Thouart our sister; be thou the mother of thousands of millions, and let thy seedpossess the gates of those which hate them’“

As a riot which had a great focus on tollgates (although this was not the only focus) it makes sense that they would take on a verse such as this.

There are other explanations such as men at the first attack borrowing clothes from a large local woman called Rebecca to disguise themselves. However, using the verse from the Bible is probably more accurate.

Ideas of community justice came into this too. The Welsh had a punished called the Ceffyl Pren, literally meaning wooden horse. It was a punishment given to those who had evaded punishment from the courts and a punishment which was particularly given to men who mistreated women such as wife beaters. It was where the occupant of the communities displeasure would be strapped to a wooden pole or ladder (called a wooden horse) and paraded around the community. The men who would do this dressed and women with blackened faces. The men who partook in the Rebecca Riots were men who dressed as women and blackened their faces with things like coal dust in order to hide their identities.

What were the causes of the Rebecca riots?

Tollgates

The Turnpike Trust wanted to make money so established an increasing number of tollgates. Poor tenant farmers taking their crops and animals to market simply could not afford to take their good through all the different tollgates. The road were also in really bad quality. There were absurd numbers on the roads sometimes with gates appearing in a mile or less of each other. Some roads could have a double digit number of tollgates even on a short stretch. Everything had a price, each horse pulling a cart had to be paid for, each donkey pulling a cart had to be paid for etc. The most hated of the tolls was the one on lime. Farmers needed lime to fertilise their fields but it could cost about 5 shillings (about 25 pence) to take it through a single tollgate. For some journeys farmers would have to take their carts through a dozen tollgates if not more. It was highly expensive. Although there were exemptions, for instance Queen Victoria would not have to pay the toll. Below is a image of the tolls at the Aberystwyth South gate toll house.

Tithes

The Anglican Church was the established church in Wales, however, the majority of Welsh people at this point were Nonconformists (i.e. Baptists, Methodists, Evangelicals etc.) and not Anglicans. Yet they still had to make a payment, known as a tithe, to the Anglican Church. A tithe was a tenth of what you made. Originally this could have been made up of anything that you earned such as crops, animals etc. However, this had been changed so that it has to be a payment made in money, money that the tenant farmers of Wales did not have.

Landlords

Many landlord in Wales at this point were English and absentees. They were not there to see the conditions that their tenants had to deal with. There was a huge divide between them. The landlord were English, attended the Anglican Church, spoke English with little or no knowledge of Welsh. However, the tenants were Welsh, attended the Nonconformist chapels, spoke Welsh.

Rents

Rents in the are had previously been incredibly good. Tenants were able to rent properties from their landlords for decent prices for their lifetimes, sometimes these rental contracts could even last two or three lifetimes so that the house would be secure for their children and their grandchildren. However, rents got increasingly shorter and shorter until they were expensive one year leases leaving the tenants with no security.

The New Poor Law

There were two types of relief provided for those struggling to make ends meet. The first was indoor relief. This was where the poor were supported by their own communities within their own communities, in other words a monetary sum. The second was outdoor relief where the poor would be sent to workhouses. Prior to the change indoor relief had been the preferred option. However, with the new poor law outdoor relief became the order of the day and workhouses with terrible conditions were popping up all over.

Aftermath

some rent reductions

toll rates were improved

The Turnpikes, South Wales Act 1844 - simplified rates and reduced tolls

Inspired future protests in Wales. In any protests or riots since Rebecca is always mentioned and hailed.

There is more to this that could be said but I am aware that this is already quite a long post so I shall leave it there for now.

Thank you for the ask Arin!

#you-have-startled-the-witch #aks #ask me things #the rebecca riots #rebecca riots #wales #19th century #welsh history #riots #protest

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tkyotripz · 6 years

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Top 40 tracks released in November 2017

Issa collection of my most listened songs of the month of November (all tracks below were released sometime in November or at the very last days of the previous month). I’ve been collecting music for many years now and had the idea of sharing my fav tracks on here (not a fan of Spotify playlists because not every song is available on Spotify). Make sure to check out the remaining tracks on each album if you liked the track I showed you considering that I can't fit every good song of the LPs into the list (if I did so, almost half of the list would be tracks from Jaden Smyth's "SYRE" 😅).

Note: The list has no particular order.

LiMM – Tell Me (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Stalley – Jean Jacket (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Ella Mai – Naked (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

G-Eazy – The Plan (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Euroz – Staying Ready (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

KWAYE – Jasmine (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Jordan Solomon – Great (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Kap G – Marvelous Day (feat. Lil Uzi Vert & Gunna) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Jaden Smyth – Icon (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

88GLAM – 12 (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Lil Uzi Vert – Loaded (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

88GLAM – Ricardo (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Jaden Smyth – B L U E (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Massari – Number One (feat. Tory Lanez) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Miguel – Come Through And Chill (feat. J. Cole & Salaam Remi) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Cyhi The Prince – Dat Side (feat. Kanye West) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Moneybagg Yo & YoungBoy Never Broke Again – Mandatory Drug Test (feat. Young Thug) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Blackbear – Gucci Linen (feat. 2 Chainz) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

NAV – Wanted You (feat. Lil Uzi Vert) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Nipsey Hussle – Rap Niggas (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Omarion – Been Around (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Walshy Fire, Sillva & Beatwalker – Dangerous (feat. DJ Blass) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Nipsey Hussle x Bino Rideaux – Effortless (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Rich Chigga – Crisis (feat. 21 Savage) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Rich The Kid – Early Morning Trappin (feat. Trippie Redd) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Roy Woods – Balance (feat. dvsn & PnB Rock) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Skeme – Won't Judge You (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Tdot Illdude – Right Time (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

G-Eazy – The Beautiful & Damned (feat. Zoe Nash) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud))

6IX9INE – Kooda (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

6LACK – One Way (feat. T-Pain) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Arin Ray – 2 Or Nothin (feat. Drug Rixh Peso) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Jordan Ward – LaLaLand (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Eli Sostre – Cribbo (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Kehlani – Already Won (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

KWAYE – Lost In My Boots (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Rexx Life Raj – Never Had Shit / Feels (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

Rory Fresco – Tell Me (feat. Tory Lanez & Zoey Dollaz) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

PnB Rock – TTM (feat. Wiz Khalifa) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

SiR – Something Foreign (feat. ScHoolboy Q) (Spotify, Youtube, Soundcloud)

If you enjoyed this list feel free to check out my top 40 list for October as well.

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connorrenwick · 7 years

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LDF17: Three Floors of Design and Innovation at the London Design Fair

The London Design Fair (encompassing a number of country pavilions, Tent London and Super Brands London, but not be confused with the London Design Festival, which is the London-wide event) was back at East London’s Truman Brewery for another year, this time filling the three floors and feeling like a much more cohesive offering. The exhibitors were of the usual high standard and included the likes of Katie Gillies Surface Design (above) showcasing her bespoke surfaces, all handmade in the UK.

Kana London was founded by fine artist Ana Kerin, who turned her hand to pottery after a background in sculpture. The resulting ceramics are handmade, functional, tactile and very much bear the ‘mark of the maker.’

Kana London was part of the British Craft Pavilion, curated by quarterly print magazine Hole & Corner, as was East London based Forest + Found. Established by Royal College of Art graduates Max Bainbridge and Abigail Booth, the collaboration involves working with wood, natural pigments and textiles, to produce sculptural and wall-based works.

Jesmonite – a combination of natural raw materials with a blend of water-based pure acrylic polymers – was the London Design Fair’s ‘material of the year.’ “We thought long and hard, and finally, our ignorance yielded our decision,” said the team. “Over the last twelve months, we have most often been surprised to find that Jesmonite has been the medium for some of the most vivid color displays and fine detail in the products we have been most intrigued by.” These Jesmonite sculptures are by Zuza Mengham and appeared alongside work by Arin Prin.

Floor Story, known for their bold and colorful rugs that take center stage in any interior, collaborated with Zandra Rhodes to create this vision in pink (above left), one of three designs for the Floor Story, inspired by images taken from her 1960s archive.

The United States was one of the country pavilions represented at the London Design Fair, this year curated by Sight Unseen and entitled Assembly. This rug in two parts is by New York-based multidisciplinary design studio Studio Proba, founded in 2013 by Alex Proba.

Another favorite from Assembly was this mesmerizing mobile by Seattle and Brooklyn-based Ladies & Gentlemen Studio. “Our aesthetic and design philosophy is about complementary opposites with an unexpected balance of warm minimalism, playful austerity, and simple sophistication,” say founders Dylan Davis and Jean Lee.

Elsewhere in the show, James Stickley’s Skip-inspired sideboard provided both humor and a pop of color. With a background in art direction and set design for television, James describes his style as “graphic minimal.”

Mijo Studio is a Danish-Norwegian design duo specializing in prints, patterns and textiles. “Experimenting with colors and textures, our work is always based in analogue techniques and is characterized by a curious and playful approach to the creative process,” say co-founders Miranda Tengs Brun and Josefine Gilbert. We love the very on-trend PostModern vibe that results from that approach.

And finally, these stacking stools are a collaboration between iconic British furniture manufacturer Ercol and SolidWool – a venture from the South West of the country to revive the wool industry by making a new composite material from wool and bio-resin.

via http://design-milk.com/

from WordPress https://connorrenwickblog.wordpress.com/2017/10/05/ldf17-three-floors-of-design-and-innovation-at-the-london-design-fair/

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