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silver-studios · 1 year

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A Hypothetical History: Land of Fire

The Land of Fire is one of the largest and most powerful countries in Naruto, and is also the home to our main characters.

Set for Success

The Land of Fire is canonically characterised by its dense forestage, warm weather and bright skies. Most of the country seems to be set in the plains, there’s a pretty solid coastline and plenty of water sources. What this tells me is that they’re set for success pretty much right off the bat.

Historically, almost every known civilisation got its start from a nearby water source-- a river in most cases. It’s incredibly likely that Land of Fire was home to some of the oldest civilisations in the Continent, and they probably had the time and resources to develop pretty sophisticatedly too.

My personal vision for Fire’s origins is an amalgamation of the Indus Valley civilisation, the Inca empire, ancient China and ancient Japan.

A Thriving Economy: Agriculture, Trade, Innovation

The earliest generations to make their homes in these plains were almost certainly farmers. Given the climate and the kind of geography that varies just enough over the massive land mass to give rise to plenty of agricultural variety, the people of Fire could probably cultivate just about anything to trade amongst themselves.

Exports, however, are easier to guess. Wheat, rice, sesame, cotton and sugar were probably their biggest crop exports. I imagine they also traded silk and iron. Imports are harder to guess but going by older civilisations in similar places, they might have imported bronze, copper, gold and coal.

It wouldn’t be wrong to say that Fire was in no way short of resources, and what usually follows is infrastructural development. I think they were the kind of civilisation that had the room for comfort and growth, and turned to developing road networks, extensive water-carrying channels and city complexes.

Fire’s current capital would have served as their most prolific port and been at the heart of their trade, leading to its emerging as an economic and cultural hub, bringing in new ideas of technology and philosophy along with foreign goods and services.

Religion & Philosophy: Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism

Keeping in mind that Fire is supposed to be a nod to Japan, it’s safe to say that Shintoism is probably the first religion that came to be, and it isn’t hard to see why. The Shinto religion, broadly, is all about nature and maintaining an admiration for it by believing that there’s a kami in everything. The earliest human civilisations have almost always maintained a similar trend of worshipping the forces of nature, out of both fear and reverence for what has been given to them and what is often taken away by forces they can not control. The Land of Fire was very likely the same.

I think that Daoism and Confucianism were the next to come about. Daoism is roughly about The Way which centers on going along with nature and life takes you, and an important aspect of this is the flow of seeming opposites to create the whole. Meanwhile, Confucianism is a school of thought that is more concerned with ethics and a code of living centered around a pursuit of harmony and order with the world at large.

And, finally, Buddhism which reiterates the ideas of suffering, impermanence of material items, and reincarnation while stressing the idea of reaching salvation beyond.

All four of these coexist in modern-day Japan and in Naruto’s world too. We know for a fact that the Senju were Buddhists, the Uchiha followed Shintoism and the Hyuuga were, traditionally at least, Daoists. The existence of samurai implies that this society did, at some point, adhere to Confuciansim too.

Contemporary Land of Fire

I’ve mentioned this in my post about the Continent at large, but my personal headcanon is that the countries were in fact united at some point, and this was probably under the banner of an Emperor from Fire who then spread the currency and language across the Continent.

I do think that the capital of this Empire was situated in the Land of Fire and still serves as the country’s capital now with the Daimyo at the helm. This capital is home to the Continent’s largest civilian university and the center for technological advancements. It remains a hub of economic and artistic activity.

It’s pretty likely that the Land of Fire boasts a high standard of living with a large educated and working population. They’d maintain a massive income from exporting a wide variety of things: rice, wheat, cotton, textiles, timber, furniture and technology.

There’s several implications throughout canon that being a shinobi is far from the norm and I wanted to reflect that in my imagining of the countries. The Hidden Villages exist to supply the Daimyo with an army and function in a similar capacity to how a ministry of defense might. There’s major incentive to continue keeping civilian interests at heart because that’s where the money is.

Ultimately, what makes a country strong isn’t just their armed forces but also a really great economy, and considering how powerful the Land of Fire is canonically supposed to be, I wanted to really reflect that.

#naruto #naruto headcanons #headcanon #worldbuilding #land of fire #konoha #my headcanons #they're basically the america of the continent #a superpower #they rich rich

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healthcareanalystinsights-blog · 6 months

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Liquid Smoke Market Size, Share, Future Road-map, Technological Innovations & Growth Forecast To 2023-2033

According to Future Market Insights, the global liquid smoke market size is forecast to increase from US$ 93 million in 2023 to US$ 245 million by 2033. Overall liquid smoke sales are forecast to surge at 11.7% CAGR between 2023 and 2033.

Rising demand for processed food products and increasing usage of liquid smoke for preparing a wide range of food products including barbecue sausage, seafood, and hot dogs are driving the industry forward.

In recent years, liquid smoke has gained immense traction across food service industry as a substitute for actual meat smoking. It is being increasingly used as a flavoring in various food products to make them appealing to consumers.

Stay ahead of the curve with our in-depth Sample report on the Liquid Smoke Market. Access key market insights and stay informed about emerging trends! https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-1389

Usage of liquid smoke helps end users preserve food products as well as provide them with unique tastes. Rapid growth of food processing industry and increasing popularity of smoked food items will boost the global liquid smoke industry during the assessment period.

The usefulness of the smoke solution is enhanced through the use of more complex food-grade processes such as extraction with oil, spray-drying, and plating onto food and food ingredients such as flour, yeast, and salt. Therefore, the growing processed food industry is expected to play a key role in boosting liquid smoke sales.

Similarly, growing awareness about the health and environmental benefits of liquid smoke is expected to boost sales in the market during the forecast period. Liquid smoke is eco-friendly as it does not release toxic pollutants into the environment.

Another factor that is expected to help the liquid smoke industry to thrive rapidly during the next ten years is the growing preference for barbeque sauces across the world.

Key Takeaways from the Report:

Based on application, meat and seafood segment will continue to dominate the global liquid smoke market during the forecast period.

By distribution channel, online stores segment will grow at a significant pace over the next ten years.

The United Kingdom liquid smoke market size is projected to reach US$ 13.0 million by 2033.

The USA liquid smoke market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 6.9 % during the projection period.

Liquid smoke demand in Japan is poised to surge at 9.4% CAGR between 2023 and 2033.

Who is Winning?

Leading manufacturers of liquid smoke include Azelis Holdings S.A., B&G Foods, Inc., International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc., McCormick & Company, Inc., Kerry Group PLC, Colgin, Inc., MSK Ingredients Limited, PS Seasoning, Baumer Foods, Aminola, Sacchetto SpA, and Others

Get Valuable Insights into Liquid Smoke Market

FMI, in its new offering, provides an unbiased analysis of the liquid smoke market presenting historical demand data (2018 to 2022) and forecast statistics for the period from (2023 to 2033). The study divulges compelling insights on the demand for liquid smoke based on Smoke Type (Hickory, Mesquite, Applewood), Application (Beverages, Bakery, Meat & Seafood, Dairy, Pet Food), Distribution Channel (Supermarkets, Convenience Store, Departmental Store, Modern Trade, Food Chain Services, Online Stores, Food & Liquid Store) across several regions.

About the Food & Beverage Division at Future Market Insights

Expert analysis, actionable insights, and strategic recommendations – the Food & Beverage team at Future Market Insights helps clients from all over the globe with their unique business intelligence needs. With a repertoire of over 1,000 reports and 1 million+ data points, the team has analyzed the food & beverage industry lucidly in 50+ countries for over a decade. The team provides end-to-end research and consulting services; reach out to explore how we can help.

Liquid Smoke Industry by Category

By Smoke Type:

Hickory

Mesquite

Applewood

Others

By Application:

Bakeries

Beverages

Dairy

Meat and Sea Food

Pet Food

Others

By Distribution Channel:

Supermarkets

Departmental Store

Modern Trade

Food Chain Services

Online Stores

Food and Liquid Store

Others

By Region, Liquid Smoke Market is Segmented as:

North America

Latin America

Europe

Middle East and Africa

East Asia

South Asia

Oceania

Information Source: https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/liquid-smoke-market

#Liquid Smoke Market

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thunderrabby-blog · 1 year

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Yields rise, Nasdaq futures dip as Japan surprises with wider yield cap

Spencer Platt/Getty Images News Growth stocks were under pressure in premarket trading Tuesday as longer rates rose. Nasdaq 100 futures (NDX:IND) -0.3% were the weakest, with S&P futures (SPX) -0.2% slightly lower and Dow futures (INDU) -0.1% off a bit. The 10-year Treasury yield (US10Y) rose 8 basis points to 3.66% and the 30-year yield (US30Y) rose 10 basis points to 3.72% after the Bank of…

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amr-packaging · 1 year

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Personal Care Packaging Market Demand, Scope, Global Opportunities, Challenges and key Players by 2030

The Personal Care Packaging market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.

Personal Care Packaging market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2022 - 2030, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for sales by Type and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.

Click here to get free sample report: https://analyticsmarketresearch.com/sample-request/personal-care-packaging-market/17057/

Global Personal Care Packaging Market: Major Players

DS Smith PLC

Raepak Ltd

Cosmopak Ltd

Quadpack Industries SA

AptarGroup Inc.

Silgan Holdings Inc.

Libo Cosmetics Company Ltd

Graham Packaging Company

Albea SA

Gerresheimer AG

Bemis Company Inc.

Amcor PLC

RPC Group Plc (Berry Global Group)

HCP Packaging Co. Ltd

Rieke Packaging Systems Ltd

Global Personal Care Packaging Market: By Types

Plastic

Glass

Metal

Paper

Global Personal Care Packaging Market: By Applications

Oral Care

Hair Care

Color Cosmetics

Skin Care

Men’s Grooming

Deodorants

Global Personal Care Packaging Market: Regional Analysis

All the regional segmentation has been studied based on recent and future trends, and the market is forecasted throughout the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Global Personal Care Packaging market report are U.S., Canada, and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, and Rest of Europe in Europe, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), and Argentina, Brazil, and Rest of South America as part of South America.

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Key Indicators Analysed

Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2015-2020 & Sales by Product Types.

Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2021-2026. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its production, consumption, import & export, sales volume & revenue forecast.

Market Analysis by Product Type: The report covers majority Product Types in the Personal Care Packaging Industry, including its product specifications by each key player, volume, sales by Volume and Value (M USD).

Market Analysis by Application Type: Based on the Personal Care Packaging Industry and its applications, the market is further sub-segmented into several major Application of its industry. It provides you with the market size, CAGR & forecast by each industry applications.

Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations.

Opportunities and Drivers: Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology

Porters Five Force Analysis: The report will provide with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.

Analytics Market Research

Analytics Market Research is an established market analytics and research firm with a domain experience sprawling across different industries. We have been working on multi-county market studies right from our inception. Over the time, from our existence, we have gained laurels for our deep rooted market studies and insightful analysis of different markets.

Our strategic market analysis and capability to comprehend deep cultural, conceptual and social aspects of various tangled markets has helped us make a mark for ourselves in the industry. Analytics Market Research is a frontrunner in helping numerous companies; both regional and international to successfully achieve their business goals based on our in-depth market analysis. Moreover, we are also capable of devising market strategies that ensure guaranteed customer bases for our clients.

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#Personal Care Packaging market #Personal Care Packaging market 2022 #Global Personal Care Packaging market #Personal Care Packaging market type #Personal Care Packaging market application

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kiranadhavmarketstudy · 1 year

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Car Safety Market 2022 Recovering From Covid-19 Outbreak Know More Application

The research reports provide deep insights into the global market revenue, market trends, macro-economic indicators, and governing factors, along with market attractiveness per market segment. The report provides an overview of the growth rate of Car Safety market during the forecast period, i.e., 2022–2030. The report, most importantly, identifies the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies. The research segments the market on the basis of product type, application type, technology type, and region. To offer more clarity regarding the industry, the report takes a closer look at the current status of various factors, including but not limited to supply chain management, distribution Trade, channels, supply and demand, and production capability differ across countries.

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Car Safety Market Company Profiles Analysis:

Continental AG (Germany)

Denso Corporation (Japan)

Delphi Automotive PLC (U.K.)

Robert Bosch GmbH (Germany)

Toyoda Gosei Co. Ltd. (Japan).

Note – The Covid-19 (coronavirus) pandemic is impacting society and the overall economy across the world. The impact of this pandemic is growing day by day as well as affecting the supply chain. The COVID-19 crisis is creating uncertainty in the stock market, massive slowing of supply chain, falling business confidence, and increasing panic among the customer segments. The overall effect of the pandemic is impacting the production process of several industries. This report on ‘ Car Safety Market’ provides the analysis on impact on Covid-19 on various business segments and country markets. The reports also showcase market trends and forecast to 2030, factoring the impact of Covid -19 Situation.

Market Segmentation:

Car Safety Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By System Type (Active Safety & Passive Safety), Safety Regulations, Global Industry Insights, Trends, and Forecast, 2021-2028.

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Regional Framework

The report provides a detailed overview of the industry including both qualitative and quantitative information. It provides an overview and forecast of the global Car Safety Market based on various segments. It also provides market size and forecast estimates from the year 2022 to 2028 with respect to five major regions. The Car Safety Market by each region is later sub-segmented by respective countries and segments. The report covers the analysis and forecast of 18 countries globally along with the current trend and opportunities prevailing in the region.

Promising Regions & Countries Mentioned in The Car Safety Market Report:

North America

Europe

Asia-Pacific

Latin America

The Middle East & Africa

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Note: If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

About Us:

Icon Market Research is a one-stop industry research provider of actionable intelligence. Through our syndicated and consulting research services, we help our clients get solutions to their research requirements. We specialise in industries such as Semiconductor and Electronics, Aerospace and Défense, Energy, Automotive and Transportation, Healthcare, Manufacturing and Construction, Media and Technology, Chemicals, and Materials.

If you have any queries about this report or if you would like further information, please contact us:

Contact Person: Gaurav B

E-mail: [email protected]

Phone: (+1) 812 506 4440.

#Car Safety Market

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credibleauomotive · 2 years

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Pomegranate Seed Oil Market Size 2022, Share, Growth, Types, Applications & Forecast to 2030

The Pomegranate Seed Oil market report is the most important research for who look for complete information on Pomegranate Seed Oil markets. The report covers all information on the global and regional markets including old and future trends for market demand, size, trading, supply, competitors, and prices as well as global predominant vendors’ information. The report also provides a complete overview of Pomegranate Seed Oil markets; including Top Players or vendors, application, Type, Share, and latest market trends.

In-depth market analysis is combined with accurate forecasts and projections in this Pomegranate Seed Oil market report, resulting in comprehensive research solutions that provide absolute industry clarity for strategic decision-making. Raw market data is collected and analyzed on a wide scale. Data is also gathered from a number of publications in our archive, as well as a number of well-known paid databases. The data in this Pomegranate Seed Oil market report was gathered from raw material suppliers, dealers, and customers in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the industry; therefore, this report is extremely useful to the buyer.

Pomegranate Seed Oil Market: Segmentation

Pomegranate Seed Oil market is split by Type and by Application for the period 2021-2028, the growth among segments provides accurate artifices and forecasts for sales by Type and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.

Major Players in Pomegranate Seed Oil market are: Biopurus Nature Made Fushi Wellbeing Nature's Bounty India Essential Oils The Aromatherapy Shop Rakesh Sandal Industries CARDEA BeYouthful Jedwards Kanta AOS Product Spring Valley Talya Centrum Most important types of Pomegranate Seed Oil products covered in this report are: Chemical Extraction Physical squeeze Most widely used downstream fields of Pomegranate Seed Oil market covered in this report are: Food & Beverages Cosmetics Pharmaceutical Others

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Pomegranate Seed Oil Market: Regional Analysis

All the regional segmentation has been studied based on recent and future trends, and the market is forecasted throughout the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Global Pomegranate Seed Oil market report are U.S., Canada, and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, and Rest of Europe in Europe, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), and Argentina, Brazil, and Rest of South America as part of South America.

Major Points Covered in TOC:

Pomegranate Seed Oil Market Overview: It incorporates six sections, research scope, significant makers covered, market fragments by type, Pomegranate Seed Oil market portions by application, study goals, and years considered.

Pomegranate Seed Oil Market Landscape: Here, the opposition in the Worldwide Pomegranate Seed Oil Market is dissected, by value, income, deals, and piece of the pie by organization, market rate, cutthroat circumstances Landscape, and most recent patterns, consolidation, development, obtaining, and portions of the overall industry of top organizations.

Pomegranate Seed Oil Profiles of Manufacturers: Here, driving players of the worldwide Pomegranate Seed Oil market are considered dependent on deals region, key items, net edge, income, cost, and creation.

Pomegranate Seed Oil Market Status and Outlook by Region: In this segment, the report examines about net edge, deals, income, creation, portion of the overall industry, CAGR, and market size by locale. Here, the worldwide Pomegranate Seed Oil Market is profoundly examined based on areas and nations like North America, Europe, China, India, Japan, and the MEA.

Pomegranate Seed Oil Application or End User: This segment of the exploration study shows how extraordinary end-client/application sections add to the worldwide Pomegranate Seed Oil Market.

Pomegranate Seed Oil Market Forecast: Production Side: In this piece of the report, the creators have zeroed in on creation and creation esteem conjecture, key makers gauge, and creation and creation esteem estimate by type.

Pomegranate Seed Oil Research Findings and Conclusion: This is one of the last segments of the report where the discoveries of the investigators and the finish of the exploration study are given.

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Key questions answered in the report:

What will the market development pace of Pomegranate Seed Oil market?

What are the key factors driving the Global Pomegranate Seed Oil market?

Who are the key manufacturers in market space?

What are the market openings, market hazard and market outline of the market?

What are sales, revenue, and price analysis of top manufacturers of Pomegranate Seed Oil market?

Who are the distributors, traders, and dealers of Pomegranate Seed Oil market?

What are the Pomegranate Seed Oil market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the Global Pomegranate Seed Oil industries?

What are deals, income, and value examination by types and utilizations of the market?

What are deals, income, and value examination by areas of enterprises?

About US

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#Pomegranate Seed Oil Market Global Pomegranate Seed Oil Market Pomegranate Seed Oil Market 2022 Pomegranate Seed Oil Industry Pomegranate Se

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pujarathod · 2 years

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What Are the Health Benefits of Fenugreek Seed Extract?

Fenugreek Seed Extract Market size is projected to reach USD 13.05 Million units by 2027 from an estimated USD 5.48 Million units in 2019, growing at a CAGR of 13.4% globally.

Fenugreek Seed Extract is a derivative obtained from a series of processing of fenugreek seeds. Fenugreek seed extract and oil are known to possess antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antitumorigenic properties. Fenugreek Seed Extract is used as a thickening agent and an emulsifier. It is also used as a spice and flavoring agent in food preparation. Fenugreek is gaining importance both in food and medicines.

IMR offers a comprehensive overview of the market through the analysis of key parameters such as revenue, price, competition, and promotions, as well as the study, synthesis, and summarization of data from different sources. It analyzes the leading industry drivers and shows numerous market components. The information offered is thorough, dependable, and the result of a comprehensive primary and secondary study. IMR market research reports offer a comprehensive global market as well as an in-depth strategic sourcing methodology and analysis based on qualitative and quantitative research to anticipate market growth.

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The Major Players In The Fenugreek Seed Extract Market Include:

Alfrebro, Arjuna Natural Extracts, Naturalin Bio-Resources Co.Ltd, Shank’s extracts, Bio-Botanica, Nutra Green Biotechnology, Ambe Phytoextracts, Shaanxi Jory herb Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Xi’an Lyphar Biotech Co. Ltd., Garlic Industries Ltd., P.C. Kannan &Co., Amazon Spices Pvt Ltd., Avikara Foodstuff Trading LLC., Xi’an Mekeem Cosmetics Ltd., Indus Biotech, Nutra Green Biotechnology, Ambe Phytoextracts, Unique Organics, Hunan Nature Biotechnology

Fenugreek Seed Extract Market report covers a detailed analysis of current and upcoming market trends, company market shares, market projections, competitive benchmarking, competition mapping, and in-depth research of the most significant sustainability strategies and their impact on industry growth and competition. The research was conducted using a combination of primary and secondary data, as well as input from leading industry players.

Market has segmented the global Fenugreek Seed Extract market on the basis of type, application, and region:

The Fenugreek Seed Extract market is segmented by type and application. Growth between segments over the period 2022-2028 provides accurate calculations and forecasts of revenue by type and application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting eligible niches.

By Type:

Powder, Liquid

By Application:

Food and Beverages, Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics and Personal Care, Others

By Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2017 – 2028)

North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)

Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Europe)

Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia, Rest of APAC)

Middle East & Africa (GCC Countries, South Africa, Rest of MEA)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America)

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Covid-19 Impact and Recovery Analysis on Industry:

The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on several industry verticals globally. To constrain the number of cases and slow the coronavirus spread, various public health guidelines were implemented in different countries across the globe. COVID-19 protocols range from declaring national emergency states, enforcing stay-at-home orders, closing nonessential business operations and schools, banning public gatherings, imposing curfews, distributing digital passes, and allowing police to restrict citizen movements within a country, as well as closing international borders. With the growing vaccination rate, governments are uplifting the protocols to give a boost to the stagnant economy. Like other industries, Fenugreek Seed Extract Market has experienced a slowdown the growth, however, the market is expected to bounce back as restrictions are being lifted up by governments across the globe.

Key Data Points Covered in the Report

Some of the critical data points covered in Fenugreek Seed Extract report include:

An overview of the fenugreek seed extract market, including background and evolution.

Macroeconomic factors affecting the fenugreek seed extract market and its potential.

Fenugreek seed extract market dynamics, such as drivers, challenges, and trends.

Detailed value chain analysis of the fenugreek seed extract market.

The cost structure of the products and segments covered in the study.

In-depth pricing analysis, by key product segments, regions, and by major market participants.

Analysis of supply and demand, such as top producing and consuming geographies, imports/exports, and overall trade scenario.

Analysis of the Fenugreek Seed Extract market structure, including a tier-wise categorization of key market participants.

Competitive landscape of the fenugreek seed extract market, including detailed profiles of the top players in this market.

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#Fenugreek Seed Extract Market Fenugreek Seed Extract Market Size Fenugreek Seed Extract Market Share Fenugreek Seed Extract Market Growth Fe

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conegreen06 · 3 years

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India Travel, Travel Firm In India, India Tour Operator, India Journey Guide

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Amritsar is the non secular capital of the Sikhs and earned its name, which suggests “Holy Pool of Nectar,” from the body of water round its famous Golden Temple, which was founded in 1577 by Guru Ram Das. The beautiful temple is Amritsar’s major attraction, attracting pilgrims from all corners of the globe, rivaling even the variety of visitors the Taj Mahal receives. The fort is the site of the annual Ram Leela Drama Festival and the accompanying museum has an attention-grabbing assortment of classic cars, weapons in addition to an interesting astrology clock. Another attraction that's in style with guests and is in the periphery of the Ghats is the Marnikara Well. Legend has it that the properly was created when Lord Shiva stared to dig the earth at this location so as to recuperate a lost ear-ring of his consort the Goddess Parvati. Hindus consider that the divine sweat of Lord Shiva filled this eternal nicely thereby making the Marnikara Well a point of pilgrimage in Varanasi. 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Hot Toddy Drink - Far East Of Scotland Long Before The Cocktail

The Toddy Was Hot Before The Cocktail Became Old Fashioned

Or cold maybe. Point is, the Toddy, hot or cold, was old-fashioned before the Old Fashioned was ever even fashioned.

Although many, including ourselves, associate the Toddy with whisk(e)y, honey, lemon juice, hot water and maybe some nutmeg, cloves or cinnamon, technically its just whisky, sugar and H2O. Add some bitters and you have an Old Fashioned which, ingredient-wise, is the very definition of a cocktail.*

History Of The Toddy

A British Chaplain Travels With The East India Trading Company

The earliest reference to the word Toddy may have been when it was included in the notes observed by Edward Terry, then Chaplain to the Right Honorable Sir Thomas Row, Knight, Lord Ambassador to the Great Mogul, in 1615-1619 during his Voyage To East India.† These records later became published as a book of the same name in 1655.

Liquor From The Toddy Tree

“And here I cannot choose but take notice of a very pleasant and clear liquor, called Toddy, issuing from a spongy tree, that grows straight and tall without boughs to the top, and there spreads out in tender branches, very like unto those that grow from the roots of our rank and rich artichokes, but much bigger and longer. This toddy-tree is not so big, but that it may be very easily embraced, and the nimble people of that country will climb up as fast to the top thereof (the stem of the tree being rough and crusty) as if they had the advantage of ladders to help them up. In the top tender branches of those trees they make incisions which they open and stop again as they please, under which they bang pots made of large and light gourds, to preserve the influence which issues out of them in a large quantity in the night season, they stopping up those vents in the heat of the day.

“That which thus distills forth in the night, if it be taken very early in the morning, is as pleasing to the taste as any new white wine, and much clearer than it. It is a very piercing, medicinal, and inoffensive drink, if taken sooner in the day, only it is a little windy; but if it be kept later until the heat of the day, the sun alters it so as if it made it another kind of liquor, for it becomes then very heady, not so well relished, and unwholesome; and when it is so, not a few of our drunken seamen choose to drink it; and I think they so do, because it will then presently turn their brains; for there are too many of the common sort of those men who use the sea, who love those brutish distempers too much, which turn a man out of himself, and leave a beast in the skin of a man.

“But for that drink, if it be taken in its best, and most proper season, I conceive it to be of itself very wholesome, because it provokes urine exceedingly; the further benefit whereof some there have found by happy experience, being thereby eased from their torture inflicted by that shame of physicians, and tyrant of all maladies, the kidney stone. And so cheap too is this most pleasing wine, that a man may there have more than enough for a very little money.” ~ Reverend Edward Terry

Hot Tadi Turns To Hooch

So, if left to ferment in the heat of the day, this “Hot Toddy” becomes an intoxicating liquor and by all accounts also turns sour and bitter like vinegar. Combine this with the age old practice of adding sugars to wine, cider and other beverages to sweeten the taste along with a specific mention in the Accounts of India and China as far back as AD 890 which says of Ceylon (present day Sri Lanka); “Their drink is made of Palm honey boiled and prepared with the Tari (pronounced Tadi), the juice which runs from the tree” and all you need is a little water to complete the recipe.

One theory has Scotsman returning from the Far East embracing the term Toddy as a nickname for an alcoholic drink with those generic ingredients. Just substitute Scotch whisky for fermented tadi, sugar for palm honey and add water.

Scotch Springs Eternal From Tod's Well

A second, more widely accepted theory on the origins of the Hot Toddy (in western culture as opposed to the Far East where it is still alive and well in its historical version there) centers around one of Edinburgh, Scotland's city water sources, Tod's well, affectionately known as Toddy and some early poets' prose. First some history on the Todian spring and then a pair of Scots will wax poetic.

In 1681, Peter Brauss brought water into Edinburgh, Scotland from Tod spring in Comiston through a system engineered by George Sinclair where gravity fed the supply via a series of 3 inch diameter lead pipes built by Robert Mylne.‡, 1 - 2 Comiston springs at Tod's well was located on the Pentland Hills about 3 miles to the south of Edinburgh and the aqua duct originally channeled its flow into five stone wells along High Street, part of the Royal Mile in between the Edinburgh Castle in the heart of the city and Holyrood Palace near Arthur's Seat Volcano, home to a pair of another of the city's spring fed water sources, St. Margaret's and St. Anthony's wells.

The cisterns were located at multiple heights in the Old Town and women 'caddies' would gather to draw water from the wells for their homes. The system was a significant public works project benefiting everyone's health and was later improved in 1720 by increasing the main water pipe from Comiston into the city to a 4 1/2 inch diameter which more than doubled its capacity.

The Morning-Interview. An Heroi-Comical Poem by Allan Ramsay (MDCCXIX)

This 1719 mock heroic ode to courtship which parodies the struggles of a beau hoping to overcome his foe is often cited as a key piece of literature which some say proves the etymological history of the toddy is based in Scotland and not the Far East. In the lead up to the poem's ending shown below, the epic romantic passion is emphasized with great comedic effect.

The ninth stanza both highlights and summarizes the poem's main storyline when Celia awakens to answer the door to her apartment dressed only in the loose attire of her morning gown. Expecting that her cousin Frankalia had come to take her morning tea, her initial pale surprise to see Damon standing there instead turns into a blushing red exchange. Here's the last 3 of the 16 verse stanzas:

A sumptuous Treat does crown the ended War,

And all rich Requisites are brought from far.

The Table boasts its being from Japan,

The ingenious Work of some great Artisan.

China, where Potters coarsest Mold refine,

That Light through the transparent Jar does shine,

The costly Plates and Dishes are from thence,

And Amazonia must her Sweets dispense;

To her warm Banks, our Vessels cut the Main,

For the sweet Product of her luscious Cane;

Here Scotia does no costly Tribute bring,

Only some Kettles full of Todian Spring.3

Where Indus and the Double Ganges flow,

On odoriferous Plains the Leaves do grow;

Chief of the Treat, a Plant the Boast of Fame,

Sometimes called Green, BOHEA's its greater Name.

O happiest of Herbs! Who would not be

Pythagorized into the Form of Thee,

And with high Transports act the Part of TEA?

Kisses on thee the haughty Belles bestow,

While in thy Steams their coral Lips do glow;

The Virtues and thy Flavor they commend;

While Men, even Beaux, with parched Lips attend.

Teetotalling Tod

Much ado has been made about the inclusion of the Todian Spring and how the author specifically calls out in the footnotes that it is in reference to Tod's Well. This has been interpreted as meaning kettles full of Toddy which by association then translates to whisky since the word whisky is derived from water and it was a common custom of the day for whisky to be invoiced as aqua in Scotland.4

But, maybe it actually means just what it says and this is much ado about nothing.

After all, all the other objects mentioned directly relate to those items needed for a tea party. You have a table from Japan, the place setting from China as well as the tea (Bohea is a type of black oolong tea), and sugar from the Amazon river banks in South America. All you need is H2O, so why would the inclusion of actual water from the Todian spring be construed to mean Toddy, therefore meaning whisky?

In fact tea was becoming such a common drink in Scotland that in 1742 Duncan Forbes, Lord Culloden, the President of the Court of Session is quoted as saying, “the meanest families, even of laboring people, particularly in burroughs, make their morning's meal of it, and thereby wholly disuse the ale which heretofore was their accustomed drink; and the same drug supplies all the labouring women with their afternoons' entertainments, to the exclusion of the Twopenny.” 5 The last refers to a Scotch pint of pale ale, the equivalent of two quarts, which sold for two pence each a.k.a twopenny ale.

Another implication of tracing Toddy back to here is that it also suggests waking to whisky was wanton. Was it?

Holy Mother Of Toddy

And finally in 1785, from the garbled Gaelic of Robert Burns, a Scotty speaks of Toddy. In "The Holy Fair," the National Poet of Scotland satirically describes what had become a common phrase in the west of Scotland for the biennial gathering to celebrate the sacramental occasion of communion.6

This was no prim and proper formal ritual either. It was a party, and the often unruly crowds of strangers would sometimes toss decency out the window in exchange for questionable behavior. Wonder if you had to bring your own Toddy or was the bar stocked?

The Holy Fair by Robert Burns

Heres a partial passage from the poem pertaining to the potation:

Leeze me on drink! it gies us mair

Than either school or college;

It kindles wit, it waukens lear,

It pangs us fou o' knowledge:

Be't whisky-gill or penny wheep,

Or ony stronger potion,

It never fails, or drinkin deep,

To kittle up our notion,

By night or day.

The lads an' lasses, blythely bent

To mind baith saul an' body,

Sit round the table, weel content,

An' steer about the toddy:

The Toddy reference here is pretty clear. However, this opens up another question. In the Eucharist or Holy Communion, isn't the blood of Christ supposed to be wine and not whisky? Let's not go there.

Meanwhile, Back In The States

All this talk of Toddy's Scottish heritage is all the more confusing when you consider that the U.S. appears to have beaten them to the (publishing) punch some 35 years earlier. Toddy was the talk of the town in “the July 1750 issue of the Boston Weekly Post Boy, and the ‘fashionable’ Toddy, as the Newport, Rhode Island, Mercury dubbed it in 1764 was a fixture of American tippling for a century or more.” 7

It looks like, at least for now, America lays claim to the first known recipe for the Toddy as well. The American Herbal, or Materia Medica by Samuel Sterns was printed in Walpole, New Hampshire (1801).

Toddy (New Nation punch formula in the Age of Jefferson):

24 oz water

8 oz rum or brandy

a little sugar

a little nutmeg

Add the rum or brandy and the sugar to the water, and after stirring, the nutmeg. Author notes that “It is called a salutary liquor, and especially in the summer season, if it is drank with moderation.”

The Toddy Is Well Represented In The First Ever Cocktail Book

There's tons of Toddies in How To Mix Drinks, or The Bon-Vivant's Companion by Jerry Thomas (1862). The Brandy, Gin and Whiskey Toddy, no Rum is included, are all pretty much the same recipe.

[ Insert Name Of Preferred Spirit Here ] Toddy Drink:

2 oz Brandy, Gin or Whiskey (chosen names the recipe i.e. Gin Toddy)

1 oz water

1 tsp sugar

1 small lump of ice

Use a small bar glass and stir with a spoon. The only Hot Toddy specifically called out among these three liquors is for Brandy where you omit the ice and use boiling water instead.

A side note elsewhere in this book under a description of punch has Jerry instructing Hot Toddy / Hot Punch makers that they must put in the spirits before the water. This was moved to the Hints and Rules For Bartenders section, like these home bar how-tos, and was changed to a rapid rinse of hot water first to aid in the prevention of heat cracking the glass in his 1886 Bartender's Guide.

By the time you add in the recipes for Sangarees, Slings & Skins (detailed more below), there are a slew of similar sips with a single standout, the Apple Toddy. Sort of a Hot Apple Pie Cocktail with real fruit filling.

Apple Toddy Drink Recipe:

2 oz cider brandy or applejack

1 tbs fine white sugar

½ baked apple

Roast the apples; cored, peeled and cut in half with some sugar and nutmeg; in the oven in a baking pan with boiling water until soft. About 30 minutes at 375 degrees Farenheit. Add the baked apple, sugar and brandy to a small bar glass. Fill ⅔ full of hot water and garnish by grating some nutmeg on top.

Mr. Thomas does give an honorable mention to the Indian intoxicate stating that Arrack, mainly used to flavor punch here in America, improves with age and is used in parts of that country where it is distilled from Toddy, the juice of their native coconut trees.

What's Your Opinion?

So, do you think the alcoholic drink Toddy from Western culture is derived from Tadi, Tod's Well or something Todally different?

A Cure For What Ails You - Depending On What Ails You

Regardless of its origins, a Hot Toddy (or totty) is a classic hot drink for cold days and nights which happens to coincide with the Christmas holidays up north. Its a basic cocktail that's popular in many variations. Perhaps none more so than when adding in the combination of honey and lemon to the drink.

Besides being tasty, the lemon-honey pairing is often recommended as a cure for what ails you, from sore throats to weight loss to colds & flu. Probably better make it a mocktail if you're actually sick though, as burning the bug out with alcohol may do more harm than good according to many in modern medicine. Sort of ironic that the initial Toddy recipe appears for now to have made its debut in a medical journal.

Behind The Bar - How To Mix A Hot Toddy At Home

If you're not sick though, Hot Toddies are a great way to warm up throughout the winter holidays and gives you another excuse to use your seasonal barware. Other than a few other Christmas cocktails and holiday themed drinks, what else are you going to use those fancy glasses decorated with boughs of holly for anyway?

Hot Toddy Recipe:

1 oz bourbon, rye or scotch whisk(e)y

1 tbp honey

2 tsp lemon juice

1 cup boiling hot water

Preparation - spoon or squeeze the honey into the bottom of your mug. Add the bourbon and juice from about a quarter of a lemon. Fill with hot water well short of rim for easier handling and safe sipping. Garnish with lemon wedge, optionally studded with cloves, cinnamon (sticks or ground), nutmeg, etc. An almost infinite combination of possibilities are available as almost any liquor works well and many substitute hot tea or cider for the boiling water along with different spices. See 5 tips for hot toddies for additional ideas.

BTW - January 11th is National Hot Toddy Day!

What better way to embody the spirit?

Drink Variations and Similar Cocktails

Toddy's Tipple Twins:

Bumbo - a brown sugar, rum Sling that sings Pirate's praises.

Grog - a nautically rooted drink where a sailor's portion of rum was watered down.

Highball - Scotch whisky & carbonated water along with other spirit and soda combos like the Cuba Libre, Gin & tonic, Moscow Mule and the Seven & Seven.

Sangarees - Toddies topped off with a little port wine.

Slings - liquor, water, sugar and nutmeg.

Skins - a Toddy with a twist or piece of lemon peel added.

More Hot Drinks For Home Bar Hosts:

Eggnog - a frothy holiday favorite.

Glogg - hot mulled Christmas wine.

Hot Buttered Rum - toddy's cocktail cousin?

Wassail - hot apple ale blesses the crop for the coming new year.

References

* - Minus the typical orange and cherry fruit salad many modern old-fashioned recipes [sic] like to muddle into the drink.

† - The original passage was written using the long 's' which looks like the letter f. Those old-fashioned ligatures along with some older word spellings were converted to reflect modern writing so they would be easier to read. As an example of both instances, choose was written as chufe in seventeenth century English.

‡ - The History of Edinburgh by William Maitland (1753) via The Statistical Account of Scotland Drawn Up From The Communications of the Ministers of the Different Parishes by Sir John Sinclair (1791).

1 - Castlehill Cistern. Civil Engineering Heritage: Scotland - Lowlands and Borders by Roland Paxton and Jim Shipway (2007) via the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.

2 - The Architect Robert Mylne. Electric Scotland. Saint Cecilia's Hall in the Niddry Wynd.

3 - Tods-Well which supplies the City with Water. (original footnote, verbatim from the poem).

4 - Origin Of The Word Toddy. The New York Times (1871).

5 - Chambers' Edinburgh Journal conducted by William and Robert Chambers, Number 285, Saturday, July 15, 1837.

6 - The Official Robert Burns Site. All verses to The Holy Fair poem complete.

7 – Imbibe! by David Wondrich (2007). From Absinthe Cocktail To Whiskey Smash. A Salute In Stories And Drinks To ‘Professor’ Jerry Thomas. Pioneer Of The American Bar.

#Cocktails #Drinks #Hot #Holiday #Christmas #Bourbon #Lemon #Honey #scotch #sugar #water

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aftaabmagazine · 5 years

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The Life of a 102-year-old Afghan Entrepreneur: An Economic Perspective

By Mir Hekmatullah Sadat

From the January - March 1999 issue of Afghan Magazine | Lemar-Aftaab

[caption: Abdul Majid Zabuli عبدالمجید زابلی, late 1940s.]

To the majority, we recognize the word "entrepreneur." Webster's Collegiate Dictionary defines "entrepreneur" as one who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise. This definition is quite good but needs some elaboration. An entrepreneur undertakes a new and untried business possibility producing a new commodity or producing "an old one in a new way," reorganizing an industry, opening up a new market, developing a new source of supply, or exploiting an invention (Schumpeter, 1950).

The achievement of an entrepreneur lies in his or her ability to judge the most opportune time for introducing an available technology. When talking about entrepreneurs, we think of Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, Henry Ford, Donald Trump, or Bill Gates. As part of Afghanistan's heritage, Afghans must not forget their share of entrepreneurs such as Loe Sher Khan Nashir Ghilzai, Abdul Aziz Londoni, and Abdul Majid Zabuliعبدالمجید زابلی. Although Afghanistan's economy has been essentially agrarian until the present time, these entrepreneurs were able to bring together the means of production and profit from the product.

This article will describe Afghanistan's economic system from the 1920s to the 1970s. For this purpose, we will focus on the role of the most influential Afghan entrepreneur, Abdul Majid Zabuli. Adamec (1991) informs us he was born in 1896 in Herat, where he also got his education. Later at Tashkent. In 1917, he headed his father's export-import company in Herat, trading with Iran and Russia. In 1922, he moved the firm's headquarters to Tashkent and from there to Moscow, to operate a textile mill under the Soviet "New Economic Policy" (242).

Under these policies, Zabuli attained numerous loans and subsidies from the Soviet Union. Until World War II, he had the largest trade relations among Afghans with the USSR. While in Moscow, he met Shah Amanullah, who was winding down his European tour. According to Stewart (1973), Zabuli, the Afghan representative of the Hakimof Company, decided to replicate an event from the memoirs of Tsar Nicholas II for Shah Amanullah in Moscow:

For eight days, he pre-empted the section of the Grand Hotel which led to the dining room on the second floor [Shah Amanullah] walked over [flowers], just as Nicholas had done. Of this $14, 600 party, the New York Times wrote, "It may open a new vista to the Soviet Treasury Department in the treatment of private businessmen" (361).

After Shah Amanullah's return, the Afghan government made efforts to expand trade, begin manufacture, and improve transportation. However, the high cost of such projects forced the government to generate revenue by excising taxes on feudal landlords and animal ranchers. These policies created unhappiness among landlords and ranchers who began supporting anti-government uprising by the well-armed tribal militia. Fearing the loss of many lives, Shah Amanullah left Afghanistan as the rebellion grew stronger. From the time Shah Amanullah left until General Nadir Khan returned, there existed no substantial economic activities.

Mohammad Nadir Khan learned from his predecessor and did not excise taxes on landlords or ranchers but instead generated government revenue through tariffs. During his tenure and for the most of Zahir Shah's administration, the economic modernization initiated by Shah Amanullah led to effective industrial developments. This was a result of pursuing economic laissez-faire policies, that is, no government interference.

Nadir Khan's Prime Minister, Mohammad Hashim Khan, developed a close friendship with Zabuli while he was the Afghan Minister in Moscow.

Utilizing this friendship, Zabuli received a government loan and permission to create the first bank in Afghanistan. Until this time, the government had no central bank but only a public treasury that could not determine fiscal policy. In the first year of operations, the government was a partner in the bank. Later on, the government withdrew most of its holdings from the bank and created the first central bank (Da Afghanistan Bank).

Zabuli established the Ashami Company, which developed into Afghan National Bank (Bank-i-Melli Afghan) by private interests. John Griffiths (1981) explains, In 1933, Zabuli, surely one of the most remarkable entrepreneurs of this century, founded the Bank Melli [sic] and through it a whole range of new industrial enterprises. His greatest stroke of genius lay in circumventing the Koranic prohibition against the charging of interest by inventing the "money ticket." By this means, the bank took a fixed "profit" on its money, and thus caustically avoided the prohibition. Zabuli thus released the capital needed for development, and the bank itself provided the funds for more than thirty enterprises from vehicle imports to hire purchase, electricity generation to cotton processing (141).

The National Bank financed the construction of facilities for new industries. Some of the ventures included cotton processing plants in the north, a cotton textile mill at Pol-i-Khomri, a sugar factory at Baghlan, and a woolen textile mill at Kandahar.

"The government left the [National Bank] in charge of the private sector of the Afghan economy" (Gregorian, 362). Thus, the government gave a monopolistic right in exporting karakul skins and carpets and the right to import petroleum products and sugar to Zabuli's National Bank. Any businessman wanting to export or import goods needed the prior approval of the National Bank.

With Nadir Khan's laissez-faire economic policy, businesspeople successfully took the reins of commerce from British Indian merchants. Afghan businesspeople envisioned becoming more self-reliant, independent, and promoting Afghanistan's economic growth. They had no interest in commerce with Great Britain, albeit Hashim Khan had great relations with its government. Instead, the businessmen preferred nations such as Germany and Japan. This ideology stemmed from Amanullah Shah's(the 1920s) era when it was believed that Germany and Japan posed no threat to Afghanistan's borders.

The German government displayed mutual military interests with Afghanistan, which neighbors the USSR in the north and British India in the south. This military strategy further increased Germany's economic stakes in Afghanistan. The National Bank capitalized on this German interest. During World War II, the Soviets foreign trade with Afghanistan plummeted from 24% to 0%. In contrast, Afghanistan's balance-of-trade with Germany increased to 65%.

Consequently, the National Bank opened an overseas branch office in Berlin. Gregorian (1969) details the profound relationship between Zabuli and the German government:

[Zabuli] and some Afghan envoys kept in close touch with the German government. According to Nazi documents, in a series of meetings with the German government from March to June 1941, Zabuli offered to discuss "the possible territorial changes resulting for Afghanistan from the war." What the Afghans had in mind, wrote Weizsaecker, State Secretary of the German Foreign Office, were "the British possessions in the southeast and south, to Karachi, and the Indus as the new Afghan border" (387).

Zabuli supported the Hitlerian plan to stir up uprising among Afghan tribes trapped in British India. Afghan merchants were also against the nominal Durand Line because this arrangement blocked their exit to international seas. It was these beliefs of Zabuli that drew him and others closer to patriotic and anti-colonial movements such as the Awakened Youth (Wikh-i-Zalmayan). According to Klass (1990), Zabuli was among the founding members of the Awakened Youth (138). However, he left the group after the government repressed opposition groups. Zabuli still maintained his friendship with many members of the movement. He even recruited some of the individuals to the National Bank and its joint-stock companies.

In 1948, Zabuli became Minister of National Economy in Shah Mahmud Khan's Cabinet. According to Bradsher (1985), Zabuli, on behalf of the Afghan government, visited Washington D.C. seeking a $118 million loan and weapons for national security: "The Truman administration was not impressed [and] paid little attention to Afghanistan" (19). Ma'aroof (1987) further explains that the United States only agreed to provide $21million: "Seeing that we were not meeting Afghan expectations, Zabuli recommends refusing the loan but 'his Afghan superiors overruled him'" (46). According to Klass (1990), during a conversation with Truman, Shah Mahmud noted: "The Afghan government tends to think of the loan as of political so in the light of Soviet interest and offers of assistance to Afghanistan" (41).

Soon after the rejection of economic and military aid by the United States, channels for Soviet economic offenses were opened. In the 1950s, the USSR became Afghanistan's major purchaser and supplier. Besides economic exchanges, the two countries had cultural and military exchanges, all of which paved the way for the Soviet invasion of 1979.

In 1951, Zabuli resigned from Shah Mahmud's Cabinet because of disagreements and pressure from the royal family. According to analysts, Zabuli was grooming himself for the Prime Minister position in the event it broke free from the royal family. As a form of lobbying, the National Bank also gave favorable loans to government officials and military officers for constructing new homes. Although Zabuli was very close to the royal family, a major hindrance in his quest was none other than Prince Mohammad Daoud Khan, Minister of War. This rivalry with Daoud Khan was a major factor for his resignation.

Another reason was pressure applied by the Finance Ministry headed by Mohammad Nowroz Khan. The Finance Ministry wanted to nationalize the exclusive commerce rights once bestowed on the National Bank. The government also wanted to regain the monopoly rights of sugar, tobacco, and petroleum.

The Finance Ministry, furthermore, wanted a differentiation between luxury and necessity import duties. The government made spending on essential goods a priority by raising the import duty on luxury goods, thus, making them less attractive. Another area of dissension with the Finance Ministry concerned the audit right of Zabuli's National Bank by the government.

The initiatives begun in Shah Mahmud's Cabinet bore its fruits for the government in Daoud Khan's Cabinet. Finally, Abdul Malik Abdul-Rahimzai, Minister of Finance, was given authority to audit the National Bank. In 1953, when Daoud Khan became Prime Minister, the belts of Zabuli and the National Bank were tightened. Dupree (1981) believes General Daoud Khan's rise to power in 1953 brought an end to the pioneering free enterprise system developed by Londoni, Zabuli, and Khan Nashir. One of Zabuli's enterprises that came under scrutiny was the Kunduz Cotton Company (474).

Between 1951 and 1953, Zabuli left the country for Switzerland and then for his final destination, New York; however, his enterprises still operated under the National Bank's supervision. Daoud Khan went after the National Bank because he felt the economic laissez-faire policies had started to promote monopoly and contributing to boom-and-bust economic cycles. Hence, his administration discarded the principle of state noninterference in economic affairs and laid the groundwork for a "planned economy."

Daoud Khan's "planned economy" approach lasted even after his resignation in 1963. During the "New Constitution," Zabuli was invited to the 1964 Grand Assembly (Loya Jirga). Although Zabuli was abroad, he participated in the political environment of Afghanistan. Zabuli supported a free enterprise movement (Dupree, 1981). Kushkaki (1985) adds that his newspaper. Zabuli financially supported Caravan. Zabuli wrote articles about economics in the Caravan.

The brief decade of the "New Constitution" ended in 1973 when Daoud Khan executed a coup d'etat and declared Afghanistan a republic. In 1975, Daoud Khan nationalized all banks, including the National Bank. The republic lasted only five years until Nur Mohammad Taraki took power. According to The Kabul Times, in a letter dated June 19, 1978, addressed to President Taraki, Zabuli presented all his property assets to the government.

In 1988, a conference of business people and factory owners invited Zabuli to Kabul. Although he was unable to attend due to medical reasons, he sent a message of confidence and optimism. The same year in New York, Dr. Najibullah met with Zabuli as part of the national reconciliation campaign. Although Zabuli left Afghanistan in the 1950s, he kept in touch with the political atmosphere of Afghanistan until his death in the Fall of 1998. This sentiment resonated throughout his life and even though his last will in testament. According to a copy of his will attained from Mr. Nour Delawari, Zabuli wanted his entire estate placed in a trust fund. His assets are then to be transferred to the Kabul University after a representative government capable of being accepted by everyone takes power.

Unfortunately, Afghanistan has still a long way to go before it meets the conditions mentioned by Zabuli. One person, one group, or one tribe by itself will not be able to solve Afghanistan's dilemmas. Reconstruction depends on the human and physical capital of Afghans.

The best situated Afghans for relief are people living abroad, excluding those struggling to place food on their table (for example, Afghans living in refugee camps). Many Afghans are still waiting for foreign countries and the United Nations to aid Afghanistan politically and economically. This is great if aid is given without any strings attached; however, this process will take a very long time. So, in the meantime, Afghans must ask themselves: "What can we do for Afghans and our homeland?" There are a few measures Afghans can take on their own:

1. Initiate unbiased research regarding the current problems of Afghanistan. The establishment of a national perspective based on facts.

2. The eradication of discrimination and schisms, as well as the creation of a generally accepted belief and idea aimed at unifying Afghans.

3. Instilling the previous two items to Afghan youths living abroad.

4. Providing knowledge and financial support in Afghanistan and to Afghans living in refugee camps devastated by warfare. (For example, doctors, nurses, teachers, etc. can donate their expertise during Summer vacation.)

Although these steps are just a starting point, they are human duties for every Afghan. Afghans must not wait for a conference, some group, or someone else to take the lead on this matter. Instead, Afghans must become their own avant-guard.

About Mir Hekmatullah Sadat

Mir Hekmatullah Sadat has a BA from the University of California, Irvine and an MA the California State University, Fullerton, and a Ph.D. at Claremont Graduate University.

#afghanistanhistory #afghanhistory #history

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industryrecentdevelopment · 2 years

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Fenugreek Seed Extract Market: Global Industry Trend Analysis

Fenugreek Seed Extract Market size is projected to reach USD 13.05 Million units by 2027 from an estimated USD 5.48 Million units in 2019, growing at a CAGR of 13.4% globally.