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smalls-words · 1 year

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It's Not Okay

Summary: Being bullied at school is never fun - especially when parents try to blow it off as crushes.

Pairings: Mama!Kara Danvers x Daughter!Reader, Mommy!Lena Luthor x Daughter!Reader, Kara Danvers x Lena Luthor (unmarried partners), Auntie!Uncle!Superfriends x Child!Reader

Genre: Fluff, Hurt/Comfort

Warnings: nightmares, name-calling (ugly), broken glasses. nothing too serious for you all :)

A/N: I've been feeling a bit little today but I haven't actually dropped, so I kind of fell into a younger mindset for the reader. To the anon that requested a storyline similar to a teenager reader, I can write that one too if you'd like? Just wasn't feeling it today, sorry :)

*how i imagine their clothing at the end, but you can imagine anything you'd like*

*not my gif*

Many people at school thought you were weird. The fact that you wore these ‘dorky’ glasses and ‘stupid’ clothes was slowly eating away at you. Nobody knew your moms were Supergirl and Lena Luthor, two of the biggest names in pop culture - Lena had kept her publicity quiet whilst Kara hadn’t revealed her identity to the world.

You spotted Kara as you walked out of school, another horrid day of year two eating away at your young and boisterous personality.

“Hi Mama!” You yelled excitedly, running up to her and tackling her in a hug.

“Hello, my darling inah (daughter).” She kissed your forehead before buckling you into your seat, making your jaw drop as a gasp came out.

“Mommy!”

“Hiya, sweetheart.” Lena grinned from the front passenger seat, making goofy faces at you in her mirror as she touched up her mascara.

“Are you ready to go home, baby?” Kara asked after buckling herself into her seatbelt.

“Mhms! Is cousie Esme at home?” You replied.

“She sure is!”

“And Auntie Alex? Auntie Kelly?!”

“Yep and yep!” Lena answered this time, the two of them surprised at your excitement.

“How was your day at school, honey?”

“It was so fun, Mommy! We had somebody come today and I got to pet a lizard! He had a blue tongue too!” You giggled at the memory, looking out of the window.

“That sounds amazing, Y/N/N.” Lena smiled warmly at you, tickling your leg.

As you all made your way back to Lena’s penthouse loft, you immediately ran up the stairs. You threw your bag down, not caring about the stuff inside, and went back downstairs to see everybody.

You tackled Alex and Kelly in a hug, the two of them almost losing the air in their lungs whilst Esme quickly copied Kara so you wouldn’t hurt her. “Hey, little cousie.”

“Hi hi!” You grinned, seeing an assortment of crayons on the table in front of you. “Can I draw you something?” You whispered in Esme’s ear, to which she nodded.

You immediately sat down and began to draw your masterpiece, making sure the sun was in the top corner and the sky was blue. Everybody was on the page in their correct spots, your Mommy and Mama holding either of your hands whilst everybody else stood beside them.

“Y/N, dinner is ready!” Kara called out to you from the kitchen, your head popping up to see everybody making their way over.

You scrambled to get onto your chair at the table, waiting patiently for everyone to sit before you pulled out your drawing. “Look! Do you all like it?”

Gasps and applause came from them all, with the drawing being passed around as dinner was served. You giggled at Kara’s heat vision on the chicken, wanting to use yours but you weren’t quite in control yet.

When Kara got the drawing, she smiled at herself in her Supergirl outfit before putting it on the fridge along with some of your other creations. You enjoyed the dinner consisting of the carbonara pasta for you, whilst others ate from the other dishes on the table until Alex decided on watching a movie.

You snuggled up between Kara and Lena, to which Nia guided a blanket on top of your trio which made you beam at her. “Thanks, Auntie Nia!”

“You’re very welcome, Y/N/N.” She beamed back, kissing your forehead gently before she cuddled up to Brainy.

As the movie played on, you grew bored as you didn’t understand some of the older references, so you decided to draw again. As your mind wandered to what school would be like tomorrow, your drawing began to reflect that. The crayons you used were usually bright, but now they were full of shadows and darkness.

Eventually you grew tired and climbed back up to Lena, having no space to sit between Kara and the noirette, which left you with your toes hiding underneath Nia’s blanket. As you fell asleep, her mind fell into your dream and she watched the bullies teasing you for your glasses and clothes.

When she woke up, however, she didn’t want to disturb Kara and Lena’s special time together, so she kept it to herself and gently manipulated your dream into something more fun and exciting.

———————————————————————

Kara was not expecting a call from your school as she sat in Lena’s office on her lunch break. She looked up at Lena and the two made their way to your school, seeing you sniffling and shaking in your seat.

“Honey baby, what happened?” Kara knelt in front of you, gently wiping away your tears.

You shook your head and your tears poured, making Kara very distressed as she picked you up easily, bouncing you and herself instead of flying like she used to when you were little. She turned to Lena, who had spoken with the receptionist, and gently put you back down in your chair.

“Y/N/N, lovey, we will be right back, okay?” She kissed your forehead, noticing your glasses were crooked before righting them.

She stepped into the principal’s office with Lena, her in a blue argyle style whilst Lena was in her dark maroon suit. They sat down in a set of chairs next to what they could only assume was the other child’s mother and father, the plaque at the end of the desk reading Principal Johnson.

“What happened?” Lena asked, a tinge of annoyance in her tone.

“Ms Luthor, Ms Danvers, this is Mr and Mrs. Kepler. There’s no easy way to say this, but… Y/N hit their son Will and broke his nose.” Mr. Johnson sighed.

Kara’s eyes widened behind her glasses. “What?!”

Lena’s hand fell onto Kara’s in assurance. “Can someone tell us what happened? Possibly what caused the fight?”

“Unfortunately, the teacher on duty wasn’t watching over their spout and only saw the end result.” He shrugged.

Lena immediately stood and opened the door, picking you up from your chair and bringing you inside. You’d never been inside this room before, this was the principal’s office. This was where the bad kids were sent - you weren’t a bad kid, were you?

“Y/N, honey, can you tell us what happened? The silly teacher wasn’t watching and Mama and I want to know.” Lena asked you gently, noticing how the unfamiliar surroundings and new people were scaring you.

“W-Well, I was playing in the sand pit a-and Will came to play. I di-didn’t want to play with him so I said no.”

You looked over at the scowling parents before Kara adjusted her seat so you didn’t see them, only your Mama and Mommy. “Keep going, darling. Take your time.” She cooed, brushing some tear-soaked hairs out of your face.

“N-n he didn’t like that. Mama, he took my glasses!” You took them off and showed her them - the middle part that rested on your nose was broken.

“Did he break your glasses, honey?” She asked carefully.

“Mhm! He stomped on them.” You sniffled. “I like my glasses. B-But he says he doesn’t like them, ever. And he doesn’t like my clothes either. He says I look ugly in them.”

You watched your Mama and Mommy’s faces fall with sadness, worry building in yours. “No! Didn’t mean to make you sad!”

“Honey, did you punch Will because he called you ugly and broke your glasses?” Kara asked, not even listening to your heartbeat.

You shook your head frantically. “No, Mama! I just pushed him out of the sand pit! He tripped on the side and fell on his face, promise!”

She nodded, carefully taking you into her arms before she readjusted her seat and looked at the other parents who held Will. “Well then I think this whole situation has been sorted. Just a simple misunderstanding.” Mr. Johnson smiled sheepishly.

“I don’t think so.” Lena stood, folding her arms.

You knew this wasn’t soft Mommy - this was Mommy the Boss, and Kara took you outside of the room.

“Will has been bullying Y/N for her glasses and her clothes. He needs to learn that bullying isn’t okay.” Lena stated.

“He’s in year two, Ms. Luthor. It’s nothing more than teasing - he might even like Y/N.” Mr. Kepler replied.

“I expect my child’s glasses to be paid for, Mr. Kepler. And summing up this bullying to something so weird as Will fancying her is wrong. It shouldn’t be okay for this to happen. If this continues, Mr. Johnson, I will pull Y/N out of this school.”

With that, Lena closed the principal’s door behind her, seeing you and Kara in the reception. She immediately smiled at you and hugged you when you made some grabby hands, your head burying into her neck.

“Mommy, can we go flying later?” You asked softly.

“Of course we can, baby. Let’s go home first so we can get our special clothes on.” She answered, which was your code word for the super suits.

You were quiet on the walk to the car, which surprised the two women before they realised you were asleep. “Maybe we can go flying tomorrow.” Kara teased, gently kissing your forehead as she buckled you into your car seat.

You opened your eyes to see everybody waiting for you at home, including Uncle Mon-El and Auntie Imra with Uncle Winn. You ran up to Imra who easily lifted and hugged you, giving you sporadic kisses on your face.

“How about we go and have some fun inside? Maybe we can test out your flying!” She giggled with you.

Whilst everyone else went inside, Nia stopped Kara and Lena. “I’m sorry I didn’t tell you about the bullying.”

They looked at each other before turning to her. “I dreamt about it last night when she was touching me. It was actually terrifying to watch her little mind dream that, let alone comprehend it. I know I’m not a mom, but I wouldn’t make her go back yet.”

“Can you show us the dream?” Kara pleaded, to which Nia took their hands and showed them.

It brought them to tears instantly.

“Oh, baby…” Lena whimpered, running inside to find you in your room.

“Mommy? Mama? What happened?” You asked quietly, watching them kneel in front of you before sweeping you off your feet into their arms.

“We are so sorry we didn’t see this earlier, inah.” Kara cooed, holding you tight but not too tight.

You felt those big emotions surface before tears began to run down your face, squirming further into Kara’s hold whilst Lena hugged your other side. “W-Want ev’ybody.” You muffled against Kara’s shirt.

“Yeah? Everybody?” She asked, to which you nodded.

“Hope?” Lena looked up at the ceiling.

“The members downstairs have been notified of Y/N’s request.” The AI replied.

Soon enough, they all piled in and looked down at your crying form. Nia was the first to start the group hug, with everyone piling on until you felt truly loved.

As they pulled apart, they all gave you an individual hug and some even said some encouraging words. But at the end of it, you turned to your Mama and Mommy and tackled them in a hug, making giggles spread through the room whilst you held them tightly.

“My Mamas.”

#smalls words #mom!kara danvers x daughter!reader #mom!lena luthor x daughter!reader #kara danvers x lena luthor #supercorp x daughter!reader #kara danvers fluff #kara danvers hurt/comfort #lena luthor fluff #lena luthor hurt/comfort #superfriends x child!reader

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blueiskewl · 7 months

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1000-Year-Old Maya Tomb Unearthed in Mexico

Mexican archaeologists unearthed a richly adorned human body in a grave that could be more than 1,000 years old, in an area where workers were finishing construction on a major tourist rail project, the country's national antiquities institute INAH said on Monday.

The discovery took place this month during archaeological salvage work carried out in tandem with building a multibillion-dollar tourist train in southern Mexico designed in large part to draw tourists to southern Mexico's many ancient Maya sites, as well as nearby top beach resorts like Cancun and Tulum.

The rail project, known as the Maya Train, is a top economic development priority of President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador. It employs teams of relatively well-funded archaeologists who have rushed to complete excavations so the construction work will not be delayed. Digs elsewhere in the country have suffered budget cuts.

The latest burial discovery took place during work on the construction of a hotel near the major Maya ruins of Palenque in Chiapas state, once home to one of the ancient civilization's largest and most sophisticated urban centers.

The skeletal remains were found some 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) from the city's center, home to towering temples and a sprawling palace compound, in a stone box. They likely pertain to an elite resident of the city, known by the ancient Maya as Lakamha'.

The box also held three ceramic vessels, ear flares and a pair of greenstone beads.

INAH also noted that the individual was buried face up, his head facing north, adding that further testes are needed to determine the individual's exact age and other characteristics.

Scholars credit the ancient Maya with major human achievements in art, architecture, astronomy and writing.

Palenque, like dozens of other ancient cities clustered around southern Mexico and parts of Central America, thrived from around 300-900 AD.

Reporting by Carolina Pulice; Editing by David Alire Garcia and David Gregorio.

#1000-Year-Old Maya Tomb Unearthed in Mexico #Maya ruins of Palenque #ancient grave #ancient tomb #ancient artifacts #archeology #archeolgst #history #history news #ancient history #ancient culture #ancient civilizations #maya history

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sundered-souls · 16 days

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Pinned post

Hello there, I'm Skaar!

This is my FFXIV sideblog where I post about my characters and my version of the MSQ, named—with great originality—the WoL Verse.

My main blog, where I post other people's FFXIV art and screenies, is @ungrateful-cyborg

You'll find below a few interaction/rp rules, a few explanations about the WoL verse and more info on my roster (because I'm an altoholic not interested in getting better XD) and main tags.

WoL verse

Inge was at the Battle in Carteneau with a tattoo to prove it (not in game, wasn't a 1.0 player) and is trying to help rebuilding the world after failing to save it. Aïcha is a wanted criminal in Thavnair who fled and needs money and redemption. Both are stubborn, both are resourceful, neither expects their life to turn into legends.

Ships: Inge/Yersinia (@inah-ffxiv's OC) & Inge/Y'shtola, Aïcha/???, Aïcha/Estinien

In short: the WoL verse is the MSQ with my two co-WoLs. Inge is Azem's reincarnation, Aïcha's ancient role is yet undetermined, but without them both, the world wouldn't have the stability it now enjoys.

Expect a few changes of canon events, either because I don't like the canon version, wanted to explore something new or because it worked better with my WoLs this way.

My other OCs will make appearances sometimes, some more than others.

Roster

Inge Sjasaris: about, aesthetics, meme tag

Aïcha Bedi: about, aesthetics, meme tag

The Advocate: aesthetics, meme tag

Wolfe Ironfist (name bound to change): aesthetics, meme tag

A’idan Tia: aesthetics, meme tag

Astrid Fauconnoix: aesthetics, meme tag

Skaar Lhatyn: aesthetics, meme tag

Kazan Takeuchi: aesthetics, meme tag

Alakja Bloom: aesthetics, meme tag

Hanae Corvus: aesthetics, meme tag

Griveroix de Gorgagne: aesthetics, meme tag

Aku Ratyasch: aesthetics, meme tag

Other main tags

— OOC: OOC stuff — The More You Know: general meme/asks tag — answered; OOC: my replies to asks about me/addressed to me — It's Always Screenies In Eorzea: my screenshots

(Interaction and rp rules below + permissions)

Interactions rules:

I'm an adult, this is my space and my characters aren't perfect angels (nor reflections of my personal views). Curate your space as you need, you have my blessing to unfollow or block me as you see fit

Rudeness and hate will get you blocked without acknowledgement, though

Spoilers policy: three-weeks embargo on spoilers post main patches or MSQ-delivery patches. I don't tag spoilers of past expansions, so my blog isn't safe for sprouts who'd prefer to avoid them

Send me an ask before reblogging an ask meme from me. I notice and remember when people don't, and I will block serial offenders

RP rules

I'm open to RP on forum (here, but I could make a new one if you prefer something more private) or Google Docs/an equivalent.

Not in game, and we're likely not in compatible timezones anyway

Not on Discord, I want a place to be social without the pressure to reply to threads

Not on Tumblr, it's too public for my taste

No ERP, no torture, romance isn't my priority and depends on the character

Not in the WoL verse, unless that's specifically what you want

How fast I reply depends on my health

And that's pretty much it! I realize that's a lot of "no X" but to be fair it does mean that everything else is on the table.

Permissions

Blanket permission to draw my OCs if you'd like

No NSFW though, thank you

And thank you for reading this far!

#pinned post #I'll make it sound better tomorrow xD #it's getting late but I wanted to post it today

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ungrateful-cyborg · 10 months

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Earth

Earth magic draws on the power and energy within the land itself. Earth magic comes from two major domains: the stone, minerals, crystals, and gems of the land, and the flora and fauna of the living world. Creatures connected to the Earth are patient, sometimes stubborn, and care deeply about the history and balance of the natural world.

Moon

Moonmagic draws on the spirit and energy of the Moon, creating illusions, concealment spells, and connections with spirits. The Moon is cyclical in its strength, relating directly to lunar phases. Moon Primal creatures can be private and secretive, and are keenly aware of the power of appearances.

QUIZ

Tagged by @starforger (thanks!) Tagging @inah-ffxiv @adrayellinaeth @spotofmummery @yloiseconeillants @umbralaether @ffxivtribehydrae @briar-ffxiv @lookbluesoup @ashenbun @allyennah @weapons-of-clairvoyance @confusedtia @unbloomingmoonflower @evyana-snowfall @alixennial @ishgard @pinxli @azuremoonbunny @ythealleycat @zhauric @saisissa @kaerwyn-silvermoon @ainyan @holy-star @joiedecombat @dragoon-mid-jump @winternightjewels @theimperialnuisance @saltmageprime @thegildedgun @biff-adventurer @under-the-blood-moonlight

#The More You Know #answered; Inge #answered; The Advocate

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the-heat-is-0n · 1 year

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INTRO BUT UPDATED IN 2024 YIPPEE!!

I'm Beevil, I'm 20 years old, and like many others I kind of migrated here during the great Elon-pocalypse of 2022. I've had this blog since like, idk, 2016? 2017? during the peak of my Hamilton era, forgot about Tumblr, ditched it, came back, and now I use it as a place to talk about my fics and writing projects mostly :) I also very occasionally post art, but I got burnt out on it and I'm too busy to do a whole lot of drawing anyway.

If you're coming here from my ao3, hi welcome yes I wrote INAH and many other c! and q! tntduo fics, and yes you can scream at me just like I say you can in the end notes of each fic smile

I still don't use this site often enough to know how to tag all that well, but here are some that I'll try and use to separate my different posts!!

#beevil's fics - Fic updates and new uploads

#AUs & hc infodumps - Pretty self-explanatory (will include massive text walls)

#autism explosions - Hyperfixation ramblings, also some thoughts about being autistic occasionally

#random thoughts - Anything else that doesn't fall under these categories

Link to my ao3 if you didn't know about it already:

Disclaimer:

I don't support dream team or cc!wilbur, if you think that this is a safe space for DT or cc!wilbur defenders go away!!

Any written iterations of Wilbur are essentially OC-ified, especially with my unique AUs. Basically you see the name, but it isn't about the guy himself.

This blog is no safe space for bigotry - homophobia, transphobia, racism, zionism, etc.

If you're part of any corners of the internet that breaks anybody's boundaries, go away! You suck and are awful and *massive thumbs down emoji*!!!!! Only cool and respectful people here!!!!!

#ao3 writer #random thoughts

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seekerpolh · 2 years

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To the moon secrets

As the bodies continue to pile up, the sweet man who has caught Damien’s eye is at the center of the storm. But when none of the evidence adds up for what should be a routine death investigation, he’s floundering. However, Alec can’t help but worry about what will happen when that man uncovers the truth about Alec’s preternatural world.Ī homicide detective who is out of his depth.ĭetective Damien O’Connor joined the Columbus Police Department to bring closure to victims and their families-closure that he never got for himself. As his past closes in, his only hope lies in one man-an unaware human whose vanilla and spice scent and easygoing attitude draw Alec in. An increase in werewolf attacks only adds to Alec’s problems. Little is known about the Pyramid of the Moon as well as the nearby Pyramid of the Sun, as few excavations have taken place at the sites, Ortega explained.Alec Channing has lived a long life, and he’s just going through the motions, lost in his troubled past, until fellow werewolves and shifters start dying around him. Towering at 140 feet (43 meters) high with a base measuring 426 by 511 feet (130 by 156 meters), the Pyramid of the Moon faces the northern end of Teotihuacan's Calzada de los Muertos, or Avenue of the Dead. The passage and chamber could offer insight into the influence and importance of the ancient metropolis in relation to other parts of Mesoamerica. The researchers did not set out to find a burial chamber, said Ortega, but to investigate the space that worshippers probably believed was linked to the "underworld" and which was thought to give the city sacred properties.Ī team of experts from National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH)and the Institute of Geophysics Institute of the National Autonomous University of Mexico made the findings after carrying out tests on the monument in June 2017. Verónica Ortega, director of the Integral Conservation Project of the Plaza de la Luna, said in a statement that the room in the structure known as Meztli Itzácual by the ancient city's inhabitants could have been used for rituals by the Toltec peoples. In 1987, the UN named Teotihuacán a UNESCO World Heritage site.ĭr. It is also the location of the Pyramid of the Sun, the biggest pyramid in Mexico and the largest of such monuments in the Western Hemisphere. Up to 200,000 people were believed to live in Teotihuacán at its height making it one of world's most populous cities at the time. Read more: Larsen C: NASA has found another weird rectangle iceberg "So it is not difficult to think that something similar could be found in the subsoil," Ortega said.Ī religious and economic hub at around 500 CE, the city of Teotihuacán, or City of the Gods in Nahuatl (a language spoken by the Aztecs), sits around 30 miles northeast of Mexico City. In the 1980s archeologists Rubén Cabrera and Saburo Sugiyama found skeletons of individuals with cranial deformations as well objects made of green stone, necklaces, and anthropomorphic figurines in tunnels excavated under the pyramid. Researchers have been investigating the site of the Pyramid of the Moon since the 17th century. The chamber measuring 15-meters in diameter, as well as a tunnel running to the south of the Plaza de la Luna in the city of Teotihuacan, was discovered 8 meters beneath Mexico's second largest pyramid, according to a statement by the National Institute of Anthropology and History.Įxperts who carried out the work believe objects such as skulls and jewelery could also be awaiting discovery, as well as an entrance to the tunnel on the east side of the pyramid. Archeologists have found a tunnel and a chamber beneath the Pyramid of the Moon in Mexico, which is thought to have been used in rituals related to what ancient people thought was the underworld.

#To the moon secrets

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ohabtbj · 5 years

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Inah // Ada Bekee 💛💜💜 . . Happy Friyay Everyone! 🎉🌻💰🍹 . #inah #pure #afrocentric #artsy #digitalart #carefreeblackgirl #buckethat #myart #ohabtbj #drawing #illustration #fashionista #fashioninspo #love #ankarafashion #darkskinwomen #mood #onfleek #sunchild #tgif https://www.instagram.com/p/B2nq4Zgl8rT/?igshid=esqiqmnea4re

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th3okamid3mon · 4 years

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Livestream going on now!! Gotta finish a page and maybe gonna draw something!

#livestream #images #drawing #digital #picarto #miss mixer #stuff #ocs #orginal characters #inah #im not a hero #comic #comic pages

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acommonanomaly · 7 years

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inahe replied to your photo “As much as I love Fingon, it’s weird that I don’t draw him more. Here,...”

I LOVE your work, is really very beautiful

Thank you so much! I’m pleased you like it! =)

maedhrosrussandol replied to your photo “As much as I love Fingon, it’s weird that I don’t draw him more. Here,...”

Oh this lovely, lovely boy!

In my head Fingon is ridiculously hot (whereas I see Maedhros as more stunningly beautiful), so I’m always trying to capture that. I’m so in love with the scenario of Maedhros coming back home after travelling with his family for a while, seeing that Fingon is NOT lanky and awkward anymore, and just being like ALFKJASLDFJAKSDJALDKJ!!1

#inahe #maedhrosrussandol #replies #i love drawing fingon #i have some other sketches of him #that I should finish when i have the chance

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koha-ffxiv · 3 years

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Which primal source are you connected to?

Stars

Star magic is little understood. It draws on the vast and timeless power of the cosmos, and involves divination, cosmic vision, and seeing into the "beyond". Creatures connected to the Stars are extremely uncommon and rarely seen.

Tagged by @inah-ffxiv

>>Quiz here<<

#Koh'a #keeper of the moon #ask

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inah-inah · 2 years

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Bruno Madrigal genderbend (kid / young / adult)

#encanto #bruno madrigal #fem!bruno #brenda madrigal #encanto fanart #genderbend #inah draw

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nomoregoldfish · 4 years

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Imagine catching Amado building secret airport in the jungle; Enemies to friends /w benefits (2/2)

This one goes out of my hands. I don’t even know what kind of monster it is now, smh. The formatting seems screwed up. Please read it on AO3 if you want. Again, if tubmlr flag the gif below, I’LL RIOT.

"Is this a date? What's the dress code? Cargo pants don't count." Amado sounds flirty when you call him the other day. It's not really his fault because you are the one who asks him out.

Since the formidable drug trafficker hasn't sent any sicario to make you disappear, you figure you still have chances to make him reconsider the plan of building an airport. You're willing to do whatever it takes to save the jungle and the ruins.

Plus seeing Amado again is not a bad idea.

You can't justify why you ignore your go-to outfit including cargo pants. Instead, you put on your tightest jeans.

You pick up Amado at four in the morning. The tall man looks sleepy and slightly confused, which is kinda cute. You offer him black coffee in your vacuum bottle.

After the first sip, Amado turns to you with his misty down-turned eyes, "No cargo pants today?" You try not to smile, "Shut up."

You're taking him to the Palenque ruins, another Mayan site in Chiapas, just few hours drive away.

You manage to get there before the sunrise. The site hasn't opened yet but you know a secret route because you also worked on the excavation project there.

"You have a thing for sneaking in, uh, Ms. Geologist?" You shouldn't encourage him but whatever, the banter is... fun.

Walking with Amado in the dense mountain forest actually is a perfect date in your dictionary. Your shoes are wet with morning dew but nobody cares. Listen to birds chirping and fogs croaking in the dim light.

"You're really not afraid of darkness, are you?" Amado sounds genuinely curious. "Why would I be? I worked on this site for years, I've known the whole place by heart." He nods, like some acknowledgement.

It's almost dawn, you look at the tinted horizon when you reach the top of the mountain. The entire ancient city of Palenque is quiet and peaceful wrapped in the jungle, reminds you why you chose what you do with your life.

"I want to show you something." It's the Temple of the Inscriptions, one of the most iconic Mayan architecture lightened up by the morning sun. Starting from the history, you explain to Amado not only the symbolic significance of the temple and the secret tomb inside, but also the epic war Emperor Pakal waged against Yaxchilán.

Amado doesn't stop you. You keep talking, sharing your involvement in those excavation projects with him, how excited you are when a new site is discovered, how proud you felt for your team when Palenque was recognized as World Heritage Site not long ago, which meant more funds, more human resources, and better equipment for all scientists working on it for years. You want to continue to study the whole area, even several rival/ally sites in Guatemala and Belize, to find more satellite cities, battlefields, to be able to define the border of those ancient powerhouses and finally draw a map of the mysterious kingdom.

He looks at you like you're some kind of heroine. It's heartwarming but you're not sure, "So, what do you think?"

Amado's playing coy, but you're persistent. "Come on. I'm a geologist. I can't hire assassins. What else am I supposed to do to make you change your mind? Put on my most expensive dress, show off my ass, wine and dine you?"

"Though I'd love to see you in a nice dress, jeans are great, too." The northern banditote smirks, eyeing your lower body, "Plus the whole speech, I told you I love it when you talk about your job. You seem to know exactly what you're doing."

Amado doesn't promise anything. He says he'll figure something out.

You exhale deeply. At least the guy listened, you appreciate it.

Then you find out there's nothing left in your vacuum bottle, the fucker drank all your coffee, "How am I supposed to drive back without any coffee in my system?"

Amado pulls you in for a kiss, warm and tastes much better than your shitty coffee. The fresh stubble overnight of his stings and it feels so good, you can't help cupping his face and kissing back.

Then he announces he'd drive if you just say "El Señor de los Cielos, please." You tell him to fuck off but toss the car key to him anyway.

You haven't contacted each other after that for a while. You tell yourself it's nothing. It's not like you two have had something.

You send people every week to monitor the construction of the airport from a hidden spot on the mountain. Meanwhile you complete the scan of the area surrounding the soon-to-be airport and find a possible target. You have to be on the ground again to confirm it.

Unluckily you break your ankle one day in the jungle. And you don't want to put any colleague's life at risk to get near the cartel's territory. You decide to wait on Amado, you believe he's a man of his words.

Amado surprises you one night at your camp. He jokes that a geologist can sneak into a drug cartel's property, it'd be humiliating if he doesn't return the favor. His face and neck are perfectly tanned, you want to immerse yourself in that hot chocolate. You almost jump out of excitement because you haven't seen Amado for a month. Then you remember you're confined to your desk and seat due to the injury.

"You're expecting someone else? Ms. Geologist." Amado sounds a bit down. "I..." You want to ask him so many things. Has he figured it out? Who is in charge of the airport when he's away? And where has he been? Why does it take him so long to come back? Maybe minus the last question. It'd sound desperate.

He says he flies from Juaréz, "One of the longest domestic flights," he claims as looking around your tent office, sketches and maps scattered all the place. When his eyes meet yours again, it's so gentle, full of fondness.

"You only want to talk about business?" He's getting close, "I just fly almost 2,000 miles and you're not even standing up. Look who's more cold-blooded than drug traffickers."

Before you realize what happens, Amado lowers his body and carries you off the chair. He doesn't touch your ankle but it still hurts when you're suddenly moved.

Amado finds out. The man in black examines your injury carefully. You never saw him so concerned before. He quickly comes to the conclusion that your injury is worse than it looks and needs better treatment.

No, you're not gonna leave your job. You have papers to write, new budget to apply, more areas to explore. Slowly it'd recover.

"Don't you want to wade across rivers, trek through jungles, and climb mountains again? If you love your job so much, you have to get better treatment, immediately! And take some good rest. Give it a few more weeks? Oh God, you're insane." He's so mad at you.

You finally agree, and Amado insists on carrying you again to his vehicle. You know it's not your priority right now but holy fuck, he's fucking built. And you're inches away from his big nose which you've had a crush on for a while.

He's gonna fly you to the state capital Tuxtla Gutiérrez.

"You don't fly 2,000 miles just to see me, do you?" You poke him during the flight, sitting next to the sexy pilot in the cockpit is a treat.

"Dear Ms. Geologist, remember I have a job, too?"

The pain is getting worse, Amado notices it then hands you a joint from nowhere. You're about ask whether it's legal to have weed on the plane, then you realize you're with a real drug dealer. "Not to bad to have a narcos friend, huh?" OK, you gives him that as the weed kicks in.

"So now we're friends?" You're obviously high, and bold. Because you find your hand dangerously near his groin for no reason, fumbling. "I always wanted to touch it." You giggle.

Amado politely removes your hand and tells you to behave.

"You know what? You could've been the most popular guy at our camp. Someone might trade blowjobs for your weed since we're just low-paid scientists and assistants." You're high like a kite.

You also "threaten" if Amado extends any further in the jungle to build more airport facilities when you're put away, you swear to God you'll...

"You'll what? Shut up and rest, cabrón. Or I'll take you directly to DF, better physicians there anyway."

And the fucker did, a day after a Chiapas physician suggests you seek the best orthopedic treatment in DF for speedy recovery.

Then Amado disappears again. You know he's probably running a drug cartel in the north, and only checking in on their hidden project near the southern border once a month or two. It's the way it is. Your lives only collide when it's meant to be. There's no fucking way you two see each other like normal people do.

You still miss Amado, miss the banter, even his northern accent.

During the two-month therapy in DF, you receive reports that the airport is completed, and the potential target site nearby is now a giant warehouse. You also learn a big donation is made specifically to the Yaxchilán excavation project, of course, anonymously.

That's what Amado meant by "figuring something out." You're not even mad. What's the alternate outcome when you're up against the narcos? Report it? The entire cabinet is probably in their pocket. You should be relieved that no one ends up dead during the little stupid game you played.

You can't even return the drug money because, a) you can't tell anyone where it's from; b) INAH's been underfunded for decades, the project fucking needs it, so do your colleagues.

You call that number again after you get back to the ground. You don't know how to end this, or is there anything to end?

"Come over next weekend, I'll be there and I can explain." Amado sounds poised and calm, like he always does.

You tell yourself to keep it civil. This is a losing battle since day one.

Amado meets you in front of a warehouse, he looks great, all charming smile and open arms. All you can think of is the location of the warehouse, it must be the one. Most likely it's being buried.

"You bring flowers, how nice." It's the white birds of paradise, which suits him, El Señor de los Cielos. You tell him you're grateful for the injury advice he insisted.

"Can I show you something?" Amado opens the door of the warehouse. It all feels like yesterday, when you showed him the sunrise at Palenque, talking about your future plan. How naive were you.

Some jaw-dropping scene in front of you. The entire site of ruins, intact, locked inside the warehouse with minimal structure to shield from the rain and sunshine.

"What? You thought I'm gonna show you cocaine? No offense, baby, you can't afford the Colombian white magic. This is all you get, some fucking broken rocks with barely recognizable inscriptions." The bastard shrugs.

How did he find this site? "Sorry. Let's say I accidentally took a copy of your scan map last time at your camp, when you were busy with your ankle problem." You fucking knew it, it's never what it looked like when it comes to Amado Carrillo Fuentes.

Yet you can't believe what you just see. It is NOT real. It can't be.

That's when harsh reality kicks in. It always starts with a but. "You can't work on it, not now." Amado explains the situation and his plan for your ruins, which he thinks it's better to keep them under the radar for now. No tomb raider would dare to approach it, you can work on many other sites first.

"Then what?" You keep digging. Amado sighs, giving you a melancholy smile, "This line of work doesn't tend to last very long. It will be yours one day. Before that, it's completely safe. You have my word."

Amado's kind of.... correct, and practical to be honest. INAH doesn't have enough resources for thousands of projects. Even with the hard work you and your colleagues pulled, it's estimated less than 10% of the total area of Palenque was explored and partially restored.

You carefully examine the site, making notes and sketches to create a hasty profile.

Amado focuses on something else, "It seems you walk just fine. Fully recovered, no rush? Good. And has your budget been approved? Got more money? I mean, the efficiency of any bureaucratic system is questionable in this country. If it still falls short, I can...."

You can't tell if he's been an asshole or a saint, God forbid.

"For fuck's sake, I don't want your fucking money. I just, I want...." You turn around, look defeated, "Your dick, OK? Who cares about your dirty drug money? You Sinaloan monkey!"

Amado bursts into laughter, "Why don't you take both, dear Ms. Geologist?" He put your hand below his belt buckle, "I think you made it very clear last time."

"It's your fucking nose, narizón." You gently caress it, and he's getting hard beneath the fabric and it's fucking huge.

You're on your knees, trying to take Amado's full length in. Fuck, it's difficult. You're embarrassed and he's like "Shhh, it's okay, baby."

Instead, Amado's going down on you, making your knees weak af. You have to grab the stones to stand still.

Amado eating your out with patience, salt and pepper stubble rubbing against the most sensitive part of your body which gives you more trouble, and fingering you at the same fucking time. Let that sink in for a moment.

You don't stand a chance, you come so hard.

Amado's taking you from behind, big hands on your hips to keep you still against the ancient structure. Rock into you with deep, short thrusts. You're wet for him like rivers during monsoon season.

Your legs are shaking when he hits right at the spot again. "Wanna to make a good girl like you squirm and scream." Fuck, Amado always gets what he desires as he pulls you hair up, leaving hickeys on your neck while he fucks you thoroughly.

The best orgasm through your whole life. And the fucker is proud of it, "Told you. You'd better take both, baby. The green and the big D."

Does it mean you really gonna take money from narcos? This is so fucked up.

Later Amado fixes you some nice margarita, casually asking if you want to join him for a business trip to Belize the next day. "I have to buy some stuff in Belmopan. Maybe we can stop by Lamanai with my private jet after that if you'd like."

How the fuck does he know you wanted to visit the Mayan ruins in a remote foreign town for years?

The concern becomes less shocking when you see Amado buy a bunch of Boeing 727s in Belmopan like a Sunday grocery run.

#narcos mexico #narcos mexico imagine #amado carrillo fuentes #this is getting ridiculous

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tlatollotl · 5 years

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From /u/400-rabbits

This is a whole pack of questions so I'm going to break them up into 4 part, starting with the question of indigenous sources, then moving onto the questions of technology and warfare before looping back around to discuss how the Aztecs portrayed themselves in indigenous sources.

Indigenous Sources

There are a number of pictorial codices which compile various aspects of Aztec culture, with the Borgia group codices thought to represent either a pre- or peri-Hispanic corpus. These pictorial documents are heavy on religious/calendric imagery though, and often bereft of written glosses, which makes them a difficulty entry into Aztec history.

More accessible are alphabetic histories written in the early Colonial period by indigenous and mestizo authors, as well as Spanish friars. The General History of the Things of New Spain, for instance, is a 12 volume encyclopedic collection of topics ranging from the creation of the world to which plant has berries good for treating dandruff. More commonly known as the Florentine Codex, after the most complete copy of the manuscript, the work was compiled in starting the late 1540s by a Spanish friar, Bernardino de Sahagún, utilizing Nahuatl scribes educated at the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco. The resulting work is composed in Nahuatl with Spanish translations (though sometimes just summaries). The entirety of the work was translated into English in the mid-20th century by Anderson and Dibble.

Diego Durán was Dominican Friar who wrote a history of the indigenous people he lived and preached among. In the 1570s he wrote The Book of Gods and Rites and The Ancient Calendar, both of which have been translated into English by Heyden and Horcasitas. His magnum opus, however, is his Historia de las Indias de Nueva España y Islas de Tierra Firme which is significant not only as an early European-style narrative history of the Mexica people, but also as a text based upon a proposed earlier source known as Crónica X (though arguments exist as to whether this was a single source or a diverse corpus of earlier works).

Other Crónica X sources include the work of another friar, this time a Jesuit named Juan de Tovar, who was a contemporary and cousin of Durán. Indeed, he probably even used Durán's work in his own writings, which survive as the Tovar Manuscript and Ramirez Codex (though the latter is a copy not directly attributed to Tovar). As with Sahagún and Durán, Tovar's writings were suppressed and almost lost until rediscovery in the 19th Century, although his fellow Jesuit, José de Acosta, relied heavily on Tovar's work in the chapters covering Mexico in his Natural and Moral History of the Indies.

The other Crónica X work comes from Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc, who was a descendant of the ruling dynasty of Tenochtitlan born shortly after the Conquest. Also writing in the latter part of the 16th Century, his significant work is the Spanish language history of the Mexica, the Crónica Mexicana. Certain scholars, notably Galvaro Romero, have gone further and proposed Tezozomoc was the actual author of the Crónica X, though this is a minority view. A later work in Nahuatl, the Cronica Mexicayotl, covers almost the exactly same material, but was physically written by another indigenous author, Don Domingo Chimalpahin. There are various takes on the authorship of the Cronica Mexicayotl, but the synthesis approach it is an adaptation of Tezozmoc's earlier work by Chimalpahin. (See Battock 2018 “La Crónica X: sus interpretaciones y propuestas” for a summary of the historiography of Crónica X). No English translation of the Cronica Mexicana (to my knowledge) exists, but Schroeder and Anderson have published a translation of Chimalpahin's writings in their (1997) Codex Chimalpahin.

Of note, the Monarquia Indiana written by Franciscan friar Juan de Torquemada can also be seen as part of the Crónica X tradition, though this early 17th Century work actually drew upon a number of sources. Torquemada's work would subsequently inform the work of the Jesuit Francisco Clavijero, who wrote his La Historia Antigua de México in the 18th Century. In a pattern you might be starting to notice, there is no full English translation of Torquemada's work (though all 6 volumes are available online via INAH).

Outside of the Crónica X tradition there are various other works, the most important to understanding the Aztecs coming from the Texcoco tradition. Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl, a descendant of the ruling dynasty of that altepetl, wrote various works in the early 17th Century by drawing upon then extant pictorial works (such as the Mapa Quinatzin). Perhaps his most relevant work to this discussion is his Historia de la Nación Chichimeca. In this text, he not only outlines the various happenings of the most important polity of the eastern Basin of Mexico (and 2nd most important part of the Aztec Triple Alliance), but delves further back in history to describe the social and political rearrangements in the Basin wrought by the arrival of the Chichimecs. Alva Ixtlilxochitl, along with his relative Juan Pomar, form the much of the basis of our understanding Texcoco, though more recently there have been some critical interpretations of their histories (see Lee's The Allure of Nezahualcoyotl).

There are certainly other works produced in the decades after the Conquest which can inform our understanding of indigenous life. There are more historically minded documents written in a combination of Nahua and European styles, such as the Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca. There are pictorial documents which are more focused on genealogy and territory, like the Codex Quetzalecatzin. There are various "relaciónes," surveys conducted by the Spanish to collect demographic data (but also cultural information) about various regions. There's the compilation of Aztec tribute found in the Codex Mendoza. There are pictorial and alphabetic works about nearby regions, such as the Relación de Michoacan and the Lienzo de Tlaxcala. There are, in other words, a plethora of non-Conquistador sources to draw upon, though their accessibility and availability to an Anglophone reader maybe limited.

Technology

This is probably the most uninteresting part of your question to me, in that it falls under a "not even wrong" rubric, so apologies if this section is short and somewhat brusque. There's a whole FAQ section of past answers you can read on this topic. Suffice to say, technology and civilization are not synonymous, and neither follows a straight line of development.

The example of the wheel, for instance, is usually tritely answered by noting that Mesoamericans were aware of wheels, we see them used in toys. The next step is to note the lack of draft animals usable to haul wheeled vehicles. A further step is to note much of Mesoamerica is composed of mountains and valleys, which are less than ideal areas for wheeled carts and other conveyances (being sure to note that Andean groups had draft animals in the form of llamas, but did not utilize them to pull carts despite a well-developed road system). A further note is to look explicitly at the Basin of Mexico, whose central lake system provided more advantageous transport by watercraft than by land, though this did not preclude a system of indigenous porters, the tlamemeh.

Going with an even broader view, we might note the Aztecs were about 2500-3000 years removed from the full development of staple food crop, maize. The equivalent time period in Afro-Eurasia using wheat would put us (following Tanno and Wilcox 2006 of wheat domestication being widespread in Mesopotamia by 8500-7500 years before present) would put us in the 6th-5th Millennia BCE, which generously puts us at the very early period of polity formation in Sumeria... and centuries before we see evidence of wheeled vehicles. Certainly there was no settlement in 5th Millennium Mesopotamia which could rival the megapolis of Tenochtitlan, nor even that of Teotihuacan a thousand years earlier. Perhaps the better question is why it took so long for complex states to form in Western Asia after the adoption of agriculture, relative to Mesoamerica.

Regardless, to put things more into context, here's a relevant quote from Hopkins (1973) An Economic History of Africa:

“Although the wheel is commonly regard as a symbol of economic progress, it is as well to remember that wheeled vehicle did not achieve a decisive advantage over other forms of transport until the industrial revolution, with the development first of the railway and then of the motor car. Before that time, the use of wheeled vehicles in Europe was inhibited by many of the problems experienced in Africa. In eighteenth-century Spain, for example, pack animals, especially donkeys, were by far the most important means of transport, though ox-carts were available and were used to a certain extent. The ox-cart carried three to our times as much as a large pack animal, but since it was costly to purchase and operate, and travelled at half the speed, it could not compete with donkey transport. Wagons did not become numerous in northern Europe until the sixteenth century, and even then they were used mainly for short-haul work. Until the roads were improved, pack animals remained the leading form of long-distance commercial transport on land. 'Long trains of these faithful animals, furnished with a great variety of equipment... wended their way along the narrow roads of the time, and provided the chief means by which the exchange of commodities could be carried on.' This statement could well apply to the Western Sudan in the pre-colonial period, though in fact it refers to England in the early eighteenth century.”

Add to this that mule-trains and porters continued to be major, even primary, methods of conveyance in Mexico well into modern age. The selection of something like "the wheel" to represent "real" civilization doesn't actually reflect the realities of use, and that is just one of any number of seemingly arbitrary indicators often used to show the primitiveness of Mesoamericans. So forgive me if I don't have much patience for this question which implicitly implies that Europeans -- using wheels, metal, crops, domesticated animals, and writing they did not invent, but borrowed from other peoples -- are superior to the peoples of a region which did independently invent many of those things. Why not ask why the Spanish had not invented universal schooling, steam baths, and public waste collection?

Warfare

This is another section I’m going to only briefly touch upon, because it has been covered extensively on this forum, including another FAQ Section.

Suffice to say that the idea of the Aztecs (and Mesoamericans, in general) fighting primarily to capture and not kill is a misconception. This is not to say capturing an opponent was not a valued goal, but we must recognize that the Aztecs did not conquer a large swathe of Mesoamerica by engaging in tactics detrimental to actual winning battles. As Hassig (2016) puts it, “capture was a significant goal, although one that is perhaps overestimated in the literature.”

Isaacs (1983) proposed making a distinction between wars of conquest and Flower Wars (xochiyaoyotl) based on primary source descriptions of the former which consistently show them as having “heavy slaughter of the enemy on the battlefield.” This perspective is consistent with actual descriptions of combat from the Spanish, who routinely describe tactics which preclude taking captives, such as barrages of arrows, slingstones, and atlatl darts. Likewise, the casualty rates of their Native allies (when mentioned) are indicative of deadly nature of warfare.

Often though, wars of conquest and expansion are conflated with Flower Wars, which are often portrayed as wholly ritualistic and based upon obtaining captives for sacrifice. Hicks (1979) examines how this view does have roots in primary sources, such as when Andrés de Tapia states Motecuhzoma told him they did not conquer the Tlaxcalans because “we desire that there should always be people to sacrifice to our gods"” or when Duran has Tlacaelel declare that region to be a “marketplace where “Huitzilopochtli] will buy victims, men for him to eat.”

Even as these sources state an overt aim of obtaining sacrifice, they also acknowledge the usefulness of continuing to maintain military activity outside the normal constraints on timeframe place by the necessity to plant and harvest crops. Per Tapia, the other reason to not conquer the Tlaxcalans was to maintain a “place where our youth could train themselves,” and Duran says one benefit is “the sons of noblemen would be occupied in this way and military activity would not be lost.”

The consensus view of Flower Wars then, is that there were realpolitik aspects to Flower Wars. They allowed a powerful foe to be ground down in what was essentially a long-term siege, while wars of conquest gradually encircled them, isolating them from the rest of Mesoamerica. The Tlaxcalans themselves acknowledged this, complaining to Cortés that their conflict with the Aztecs had left them bereft of sources of cotton and salt. Hassig (1988) further notes that we see gradually intensification of Flower Wars until they shifted over to become wars of conquest, as was already starting to happen in the borderlands between Tlaxcala and the Aztecs.

Views on themselves

The central tension of the Mexica identity was that they saw themselves both as put-upon underdogs and as destined by divine providence for conquest and glory. Sahagún writes that, on their migration into the Basin of Mexico, “nowhere were they welcomed; they were cursed everywhere; they were no longer recognized. Everywhere they were told: ‘who are the uncouth people? Whence do you come?’” (Bk. 10, p.196). Yet, they were also a people who were promised greatness by their patron god, Huitzilopochtli, who said “they [would] spread out, establish ourselves, and conquer the peoples who dwell in the great world” and receive “countless, infinite, unlimited commoners who will pay tribute to you” in the form of “precious green stones, of gold, of quetzal feathers, of emerald green jade, of spondylus shells, of amethysts, of costly clothing” as well as “various kinds of feathers -- cotinga, spoonbill, trogon; all the precious feathers; and multicolored chocolate and multicolored cotton” (Chimalpahin 1997)

They were both a part of the wild Chichimec peoples, but also the inheritors of the great and refined Toltecs. They were a severe and austere people, but, as we see in the quote above, a people which valued rich and refined goods. Gradie (1994) writes about how the union between the Mexica and the Culhua merged those two heritages into a single lineage which was quintessentially dual-natured, both savage and civilized.

The Mexica were also great cultural chauvinists, particularly when it came to their language; Nahuatl pretty much means “clear speech.” As much as they saw themselves as reviled and denigrated by their neighbors, they rarely missed a chance to get their own jabs in. The Otomi, for instance, were “blockheads,” “vain,” and “greedy,” while also being “lazy, shiftless” (Bk. 10, pp. 178-9). The Matlatzinca were “presumptuous, disrespectful” people who drank too much and even though some of them spoke Nahuatl, “the way they pronounced their language made it somewhat unintelligible” (p.182). The Tlahuica, though they spoke Nahuatl and not some “barbarous tongue” were nonetheless “crude,” “pompous,” “untrained,” and “cowardly” (p. 186).

For as much as they looked down their nose at other groups, the Mexica were not hypocrites and held themselves up to the highest standards of morality, behavior, and appearance. Maffie (2013) has written extensively about how Aztec philosophy conceived of a righteous life as balancing on summit or ledge, whose slippery earth constantly threatened to drop the individual into the depths of filth and depravity. As such, the Mexica individual was to constantly being on-guard against their own flaws, constantly monitoring their own behavior, constantly striving towards fulfilling their obligations to themselves, their community, their gods.

So a “good father” is one who “exemplary; he leads a model life” by being diligent, solicitous, compassionate, sympathetic; a careful administrator of his household” (Bk. 10, p. 1). In return a “good son” is one who is “obedient, humble, gracious, grateful, reverent” (p. 2). Sahagún expounds for several chapters about the ideal behaviors of various social roles, which consistently exhort some permutations of being humble, diligent, and gracious.

So when the Aztecs speak about themselves as destined to conquer and rule, this is not simple arrogance (though yes, it is arrogance). Their destiny was not just ordained and all they had to do was wait for it to be delivered, they were expected to strive and struggle, to prove their worthiness. In the Aztec mind, they had proved themselves, and continued to prove themselves, as worthy of greatness.

Battock 2018 “La Crónica X: sus interpretaciones y propuestas” Orbis Tertius 23(27)

Duran 1994 History of the Indies of New Spain trans. Heyden

Chimalpahin 1997 Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Texcoco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahua Altepetl in Central Mexico trans. Schroeder and Anderson

Gradie 1994 “Discovering the Chichimecas” The Americas 51(1)

Hassig 1988 Aztec Warfare

Hassig 2016 “Combat and Capture in the Aztec Empire* British Journal for Military History 3(1)

Hicks 1979 “‘Flowery War’ in Aztec History” American Ethnologist 6(1)

Isaac 1983 “Aztec Warfare: Goals and Battlefield Comportment” Ethnology 22(2)

Lee 2008 The Allure of Nezahualcoyotl

Maffie 2013 Aztec Philosophy

Sahagun 1961 General History of the Things of New Spain, Book 10: The People trans. Anderson and Dibble

Tanno and Wilcox 2006 “How fast was wild wheat domesticated?” Science 311(5769)

#askhistorians #reddit #aztec #mexica #mesoamerica #history

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