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typellblog · 3 months
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I want to talk about what I'm going to call Trolley Problem Mindset, probably more accurately described as Naive Consequentialism.
You're familiar with the Trolley Problem, I won't go over the basics, but I do want to emphasize its actual, oft-forgotten purpose.
The problem isn't actually whether to pull the lever or not. We know whether you should pull the lever. The majority of people, when asked this question, reply that it is good, or at least permissible, to pull the lever and kill one person to save five. (If you disagree, that's fine, but not relevant to my point.)
The Problem of the Trolley is in figuring out a principle that accommodates this intuition. It presents a pretty picture of ethics, in which we trial a moral principle - "One should not kill innocent people." - and then test it through various hypothetical encounters, modifying when appropriate - "One should not kill innocent people except when it saves a greater number of lives than are lost."
In this way we discover the workings of our moral intuitions and derive generally applicable principles that are acceptable to the majority, and can give us guidance in situations where our intuitions fail to apply.
But in my view there is actually a pretty big Problem with this Trolley that results in it poisoning the principles derived thereof, and that is the completely unrealistic scenarios we're presented with. (Critiques along these lines have been made by smarter people than me, this is just a way of expressing my own feelings about it.)
The main feature of the Trolley Problem, of any trolley problem, is a complete certainty of outcome. We know what will happen if we pull the lever. We know what will happen if we don't. We even know what will happen if we try to stop the trolley by other means, or untie the people on the tracks. It won't work.
We don't know the future ramifications of the situation, whether the trolley company will put more safety measures in place, whether you'll be put on trial for killing the one, whether the five will turn out to be mass murderers better off left to die. But it's fine that we don't know, because these things aren't supposed to factor into the decision.
We are in a box. A box with clearly defined walls in which certain consequences are worth caring about, because we know them, and others aren't, because we don't.
It is a very comforting box. It makes it simple to intuit the answer. It's a hard question, that requires a hard choice, but don't we have to make hard choices sometimes? It makes sense. It is also a lie.
As far as I'm concerned any intuitions derived thereof are worse than useless, because many of the most important moral questions of our time are not in a box.
Take, for example, political decisions. You cannot possibly tell me all the consequences of relaxing COVID policy and the relative utility generated or lost. We know some of the consequences, for sure. You can even make a decent guess at the death toll. But what about the potential economic value generated by letting people back into restaurants? Could that outweigh the deaths? I think many people reading this would agree that it's absurd on the face of it to suffer deaths in order to preserve economic value, but of course this is all in aggregate, and the additional economic value would also save some lives. My point is merely that you're not just thinking about the outcomes here, are you.
I find that left-leaning political thought is uniquely concerned with systems, rather than individuals. This makes it absurdly difficult to construct a box. We understand our own political decisions as only responsible for a tiny ripple in the tide of history. We understand the consequences of that movement as a vast number of run-on effects which are impossible to quantify from our current position. How do we decide where to draw the walls of the box?
Take a step back. Say you encounter a homeless person on the street and they ask you for some money. You can't really know the consequences of giving them $20. Decent chance they spend it on food, of course, but what about (shocked gasp) drugs? What about the knock-on effects of the Chinese takeout place they go to getting another order that night? You can make the judgement that they probably need the money more than you, but that's not a judgement made with full awareness of the consequences.
Many of our decisions are made in boxes, of course. We create the boxes in order to deal with the very, very complicated nature of the universe and only consider the consequences directly in front of us. This is fine. But sometimes the most obvious and immediate consequences are still not easily quantifiable.
You cannot kill people from this position. It's a ridiculous proposition. The possibility that you could be wrong, that if you simply rushed over to untie the ropes the five could be saved, makes the idea of choosing to sacrifice the one absurd. A society composed entirely of people who made decisions like this would be terrifying to live in.
A naive understanding of the Trolley Problem might be that it represents a choice between utilitarianism, which advocates killing the one and some other (usually Kantian) philosophy, which does not.
In fact, the Problem is more like an argument for utilitarianism and consequentialist ideologies more broadly, because it supposes that we can know outcomes with certainty.
Remember, trolley problems are designed in order to test our intuitions. In other words, it was created for the purpose of making a situation where you find it intuitively justifiable to sacrifice an innocent person.
This is not an inherently bad thing. Most thought experiments exist to push for a particular view. But it is important to realise that the Trolley Problem does not arise naturally. It is not a neutral question to ask or answer.
Which is why I find it concerning when people (seemingly unconsciously) replicate its logic across different choices.
Take, for example, the 2024 American election (yeah. sorry.)
The discourse surrounding who to vote for, if at all, is remarkably reminiscent of a trolley problem. Trump is largely discounted as a possibility, leaving Biden or the functionally identical options of no vote, 3rd party, etc.
Voting Biden is equivalent to pulling the lever. We understand that Biden wouldn't be a great president, that atrocities like that currently happening in Gaza (not a hypothetical!) could happen under his administration. But killing one person is better than five.
Not voting is equivalent to doing nothing in the Trolley Problem. Contributing to Biden's election would be contributing to any harm he does or fails to prevent. Avoiding this is preferable, even if it allows a greater harm to happen.
Obvious problems with this framing emerge immediately. Not voting is not the same thing as letting Trump win, because we do not know if he is the default winner without your vote, unlike how killing five people is the default path of the trolley. A single vote doesn't swing elections, anyway. The idea that you would be personally responsible for the outcome in the same way as the agent in the Trolley Problem is laughable.
In fact, in several states, one's vote doesn't affect the election at all, because they are known to be 'safe' blue or red states.
This is never brought up in these discussions of who to vote for because consciously or otherwise people want it to be a trolley problem. They want it to be in a box. They want their vote to be a real, important decision. Most importantly, they want to know the consequences.
It's an accepted truth in these discussions that Trump would be worse. I don't want to disagree. He's pretty bad. But you don't know that for certain, do you?
And that's the only consequence you're looking at - the direct outcomes of their presidency. What about well into the future? What is the consequence of signalling that you're willing to take the devil's bargain, that you will vote for 99% Hitler so long as you are confronted with 100% Hitler?
In a way this is a bad example because - well, there are two reasons. One, I'm not from the US, but two, I would still vote for Biden if I had the chance. I think the way that people often talk about this is weird and wrong enough that it's useful to illustrate an issue I have but it's not actually wrong enough to put me on the opposite side, there.
I guess the point I'm getting to is that you have to make choices without knowing the outcome sometimes, and you shouldn't need to pretend that you do in order for it to make sense to you.
There's enough posts going around about how leftists need to be Pragmatic, and sticking to principles when they don't accomplish anything is worthless, and how people prefer inaction to action that makes them feel complicit in something bad, which is Purity Politics and therefore Stupid
that this feels like an almost sacrilegious direction to think in, but
Consequences are not everything when it comes to morality.
I don't mean to ignore consequences, but to acknowledge the limits of our understanding - to both take into account those consequences we can know, and to not discount those we can't.
Consequences inform our picture of the situation, our understanding of the stakes, but they're not the entirety of the answer to every question.
Our choices should be made in line with our consciences, with our understanding of virtue.
There are many leftist beliefs that line up with utilitarianism: take the idea of welfarism, that our goal should be to improve people's wellbeing in real, practical ways. Or impartialism - the idea that every person's life should be considered equally.
But I don't want to let the consequentialism sneak in unchallenged alongside them!
A big impetus behind this post was something I saw on twitter yesterday.
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I'm sure I agree entirely with this person about how cruel it is to devalue the lives of these death row inmates.
I just think it is absurd to ask an individual to make this decision. That, in fact, we do not need to ask an individual to make this decision. This situation does not arise in real life. We can advocate for treating death row prisoners better without killing your wife. You can walk away from Omelas.
The Trolley Problem Mindset supposedly asks us to make the hard choices. But it's an illusion. Within the context of the Trolley Problem, these choices are actually really easy. It's really easy to consign innocent lives to oblivion when you can pretend you know for sure it will lead to a better outcome for many more.
And I think that, if anything, is the real problem.
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apollos-boyfriend · 10 months
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finally had the energy to change my apps theme to remove d/team segments. things look much better now :]
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sea-buns · 10 months
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captioners you are so valid
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littlecrittereli · 4 months
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✨️how you draw so well, I'm IN LOVE with the story ✨️✨️✨️ how Chris looks exactly when he's out of control, could you doodle what he looks like :3 I LOVE your drawings <3✨️✨️
Thank you so much! I'm glad you're enjoying it! And ofc, I've been meaning to make some art about this...
In the Jaguar suit of cours, Diego has always been partial to cats.
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To the outward gaze, he kinda just seems... zoned out. There are moments of clarity or recognition, but for the most part he almost doesn't react to much besides Diego's commands.
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reboren · 3 months
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sarmaleattheseaside · 5 months
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Twonight on Kitchen Nightmares(TM)
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1tbls · 5 months
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some rambling thoughts on shivers (red bolding mine throughout):
so shivers says this to harry after he has a dance-induced seizure in the church, right:
YOU - But who am *I*? Why are you talking to me?
SHIVERS - YOU ARE AN OFFICER OF THE CITIZENS MILITIA. *AGENTES IN REBUS*, WHEN YOU WEAR YOUR COAT, YOU WEAR MY SOUL.
SHIVERS - YOU MOVE THROUGH MY STREETS FREELY IN MOTOR CARRIAGES AND ON FOOT. YOU HAVE ACCESS TO THE HIDDEN PLACES. YOU ALSO CIRCULATE AMONG THOSE WHO ARE HIDDEN.
here's wikipedia on "agentes in rebus":
"The agentes in rebus were the late Roman imperial and Byzantine courier service and general agents of the central government from the 4th to the 7th centuries."
"Being outside the control of the provincial governors, some agentes ... were appointed as inspectors ... for which they gained a reputation as a secret police force. As their routine assignments brought them into contact with matters of great concern to the court, and as they reported back to the court on everything they saw or heard on their varied missions, the agentes can be seen to have had an intelligence function ... This role, as well as their extraordinary power, made them feared: the 4th-century philosopher Libanius accused them of gross misconduct, terrorizing and extorting the provincials, "sheep-dogs who had joined the wolf pack". Nevertheless, the vast majority operated quite openly, and the claims of the agentes operating as a modern-day secret police are certainly exaggerated."
hey shivers. why are you invoking the RCM as your secret police, via a term not just associated with collection of information, but with corruption and manipulation of power.
and, if you fuck up the dance check and call kim a slur, she says:
"SHIVERS - BY THE WAY, APOLOGIZE TO YOUR PARTNER AT ONCE. UNITY AMONG THE RANKS IS PARAMOUNT."
which sticks out to me, because earlier we have this encyclopedia check with noid:
NOID - "A life is true if it's free from fear and internal division among oneself. And others -- mankind has seeds of greatness in it. A germinal will come, a return to trueness. It will be hard core."
YOU - "How would you go about *returning* to this true life?"
NOID - "Beats and bright lights to shatter falsehoods. Nerve impulses for the collective body. We are very much alike in basic structure. A hard enough beat would awaken everyone to a truer calling -- in unity!"
ENCYCLOPEDIA - Rejection of the right-left axis, emphasis on *unity*, appreciation of some primordial mode of being -- what does that remind you of?
YOU - "Sort of like fascism then?"
now, i don't think either noid or shivers are outright fascist :p but i do think the purpose of this encyclopedia line is to highlight how those criteria are flawed and damaging, how they are red flags, whatever the intention.
some comparisons:
1. return to trueness. le retour. the return of... what? in both cases, truly quite vague except for the idea of some dramatic upheaval of the current order, the idea of "returning" to some idealized past state or event.
2. nerve impulses. shivers. "appeal to nature" type fallacy, appeal to a baser instinct... invocation of physical reactions as metaphor for political reactionism, perhaps?
3. unity. on the surface, shivers telling harry to make things right with kim is touching, certainly. but specifically "unity among the ranks" is an interesting framing 🤨 as though the crucial thing is that their forces are not divided for what's to come, regardless of kim's feelings, regardless of harry's potential racism.
likewise, noid's call for unity addresses... nothing at all. simply that everyone would be awoken from their petty, false divisions into unity. neither this nor his criticisms of left vs. right acknowledge that the division is not equal, that one side in most social power conflicts is invested in stripping the rights of the other... because that is simply not on the radar when the priority is unity above all else. in its way, unity is authoritarian where it does not abide difference or dissent in the interest of the of the stasis/power of the institution.
this is all to say. hey. let's talk about the inherent nationalist nature of la revacholiere, my problematic wife ♥️
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shorthaltsjester · 8 months
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free my complex female character, she did the same thing as complex male characters but the fandom takes Any analysis of her actions/choices/motivations that doesn’t strip her of all of her agency in bad faith and claims that only misogynists would dare to critique the things that they’ve noticed in her character because she’s a woman, completely ignoring the over-presence of discourse about similarly traited male characters in their fandom.
#exhausted by people categorizing CRITIQUE. not even genuine hate just literally basic analysis of imogen’s character#as a) hate at all but b) misogynistic simply because… they assume the person like caleb and percy uncritically like#i love imogen and i love her because she’s riddled with complexity that gives reason for her to be unlikeable#the shit ashton says makes me want to tear out my hair and i could write analysis on why but they’re still one of my favourite characters#i enjoy caleb but watching him infuriated me because of his self interest which is a coherent trait of his but is a tiring one#similarly with percy of love his pretentious Smartest In The Room shit but sometimes it meant he treated others more poorly than necessary#but i’m not unpacking all of that just so i have some fandom mandated right to say that i think there’s an aspect of a female character#that is imperfect in the human sense#because like. i will continue to call imogen’s self interested until the world burns and the moon shatters. because she is.#the only reason her choice to do good is compelling at all is because the choice to do otherwise is so tangible#it isn’t a Mistake or Fault that she’s self interested. it’s by design#like. she reaches towards the storm in curiosity in her sleep. but then she fights back when she’s awake#that’s it#that’s the dynamic. that’s what’s compelling#but no ur right fandom. let’s instead all agree that imogen is actually just intrinsically good#and take away all agency and complexity and humanity from her#and instead slap a sticker of Morally Good and enjoy the caricature of her where she’s made to fit into the imagine of#the latest aesthetic ad for diarrhoea medication#imogen temult#critical role#inspired as always by dumbass twitter posts that i’m subjected to because of school n work#the worst part is i do like the laudna n imogen dynamic in the stagnancy where it is but so much of that fandom is so clear in their erosion#of both characters actuality to suit the picture of Ship Tropes#like fuckin. so much of imogen’s fanart in imodna making her fat which as a fat person great love to see it#not so much when it’s clearly to make her short n stout against laundas tall n lanky.#anyway
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alwayshinny · 23 days
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Hinny ♥️ - The Chronicles of Harry J. Potter's mind
She's Ron's little sister 😡
She's Ron's sister.😠
She's Ron's... 🫤
She's... 😵‍💫
She's so beautiful. 😍
Shit, she's looking my way. WAIT. DID SHE JUST WINK AT ME? 😳
Stop staring. Look somewhere else. Fuck, I think Dean noticed... Awkward... 😬
Okay, try to act cool. Stand against the wall, cross you arms, and look nonchalant, like you don't care. 😎
*stubbles with hand placement and footing* 🫨
Ginny: "Hi Harry"
tries to cover his dopey smile but ends up swooning instead. 🥴
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sorrelpaws · 2 years
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basically his only friend (not sh/p, don’t tag as such)
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chaoticsorceress · 3 months
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I'm still kind of sort of upset over the lack of dialogue/reactions from anyone nearing the end of act 2 and pretty much the whole of act 3.
Like after the Gith ambush you on the road to Baldur's gate I feel like I'm shaking Gale to just talk to me about what happened as well or say something ANYTHING. LIKE YOU CAN ALSO TALK TO LAE'ZEL ABOUT IT IN FRONT OF ME PLEASE?!??!
No one really has anything to say when the Emperor can reveal that he was behind Stelmane's death and failing health. WYLL?!? HELLO???? It just doesn't make sense to me. Even if the Emperor had only revealed it to your Tav WHY wouldn't you then go over and just tell everyone in camp about it??? I wanted an option to at least tell Wyll about it since he looked up to Stelmane as a kid.
Also WHY can't I confide in anyone about the Emperor or just talk about it. I feel like Gale and Halsin would both offer some good advice on if I should trust this mindflayer or not. Gale's talk about Raphael in Act 1 was so good and I expected more conversations with him about who we should put our trust in as the game progresses. It would have been interesting to see his opinions on the Emperor after the mindflayer reveal.
Gale can also disprove of you agreeing to play along with Haarlep but the fact that he stays silent EVEN WHEN YOU'RE IN A ROMANCE WITH HIM??? He's not silent at all if you decide to cheat on him with Mizora.
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irisbaggins · 1 month
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I think people are assuming the klck killing buddy was a split second decision, but brennan confirmed in the adventuring party that it was already on the table, which makes the pivot from aiming the crossbow at the proctor to sliting buddy's throat more of a "I only have time to do one thing" and less of a "panic and hit the eject"
Yupp! I just finished watching that episode, and I felt vindicated in that moment. It feels like it was always planned, something I suspected ever since Buddy was introduced and Kipperlilly mentioned her knowledge of everything to do with YES?. It seems much more likely that killing Buddy was always on the table, and his death was needed for everything to succeed the way they wanted. Wether it was so they could kill Kristen permanently/for a bit (which would kill the remnants of Cassandra), or if it was to gain access to Sol, that's unconfirmed. But I suspect it's something along those lines, as killing their clerics due to their divinity seems to be something of a pattern of theirs.
I strongly believe Kipperlilly intended to kill Buddy in that arena, she just never expected Kristen of all people to clock her before she was able to execute her plan. After all, if you can only do one thing, killing the proctor will just make their grades waver as an end result. But killing Buddy, whilst there's still dangerous monsters on the field? Well, they can't pass the Last Stand if they're all dead and without any ability to resurrect themselves. After all, why would she have stolen the gems if she hadn't intended to kill Buddy? She would've then only stolen Buddy's gems, but she also stole Kristen's. Meaning, Kristen couldn't revive anyone, either. Either way, she never intended for someone to ever leave the battlefield, that much is clear.
The motive, however, is still up in the air. But I'd bet it has something to do with Heaven and Creation, and perhaps also with making sure that if one of the Bad Kids died, they'd stay dead.
Kipperlilly's shock came from being caught, but her actions were still carefully calculated. It would, after all, have made more sense to kill Kristen if she acted out of pure shock if she had no back-up plan. Kristen is her rival, Kristen caught her, and Kristen is a cleric. Yet, she went for Buddy, somebody they had requested to have on their party. It all smells like pre-meditated murder to me.
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devilbunzz · 1 year
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love, faith, devotion, religion 🕊
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tj-crochets · 27 days
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Hey y'all! One more weird question for you, then it's back to craft updates. Well, okay, one more post with a few questions - if you sleep wrong and wake up sore/in pain, is that soreness A. your whole body B. bad muscle tension/knots and C. does it cause muscle spasms D. unrelated to previous injuries - also, does that soreness last more than a day? - does eating an truly absurd amount of salt significantly reduce muscle tension for you? Basically I am trying to figure out if sleeping wrong and it causing like multiple days of bad muscle pain and issues is common, or if it's something wrong with me or my bed*, and if the ridiculous amount of salt fixed the problem or if it was just a coincidence of timing, because if it's a salt thing it tells me which doctor I should talk to about it (the endocrinologist) Wait wait one more question: do your muscles ever get tense to the point where they do not want to function correctly, like "legs buckle out from underneath you" tense? Okay I was wrong, one more. Do you get muscle spasms in your temples, and if so, do they make you dizzy? *I mean I know there's something physically wrong with me. Several somethings. I am just trying to figure out if this in particular is related or just happens to everyone
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aurosoulart · 1 year
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HEY GUYS I NEED YOUR HELP!!
ok so first off WE GOT INTO THE FINALIST ROUND FOR AWE'S FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGE!!!!!!! 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
we're in the running to win $100,000 to help us make digital objects into a realty for everyone. this is a huge deal. I am in a daze writing this and literally cannot articulate how major this is
we need people to watch our announcement video on Twitter multiple times to help more people see it! the twitter algorithm boosts things based on watch time, so just opening the link and letting the video run a couple times will be a HUGE help 🙏
VIDEO LINK IS HERE
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Figmin XR will never have a subscription based cost model, and ALL of the things shown above are FREE to download within the app right now.
when this technology becomes as ubiquitous as smartphones (and it WILL, possibly even sooner than we think), this is the future we want people to be able to look forward to... and the first step of getting to that future is proving that it's one people actually want.
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eric-the-bmo · 9 months
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I'm going to talk about my WoD headcanons, except I only know two of the games and I don't know them well, so some of these might clash with canon:
VtM:
[note: I'm excluding headcanons that would be considered spoilers for my vtm character, since my fellow players follow me on here]
Vampire bites tend to have a similar effect and feel to anesthetic and other numbing agents.
The pleasant feeling from the bite can sometimes be unique to a Kindred.
A Malkavian's Bane manifests during a moment known as the Shattering. It can exemplify existing traits [ex: anxiety to Paranoia], or the new Malk can simply inherit their sire's specific bane. However, if anything extreme happens in the short few moments before, during, or after their Embrace, it can cause an entirely unique bane to manifest as a result of the extreme circumstances.
While shooting a vampire in the skull won't ensure the Kindred's death, it will result in slight memory loss upon regeneration- the severity of the memory loss depends on how much of the vampire's brain got destroyed (memories are all based off synapses and neurons, after all).
Excessive use of Dominate (specifically memory erasure) on a mortal can increase the chances of dementia and, in extreme cases, cause its early onset.
When feeding, the blood from a Kindred's victim goes into both the stomach and veins of the vampire- they don't really have their own blood, you see, and it needs to go somewhere. (Blood from the stomach eventually travels to the veins)
Vampires who have not fed in a while might be a bit colder than normal, with possible numbness in their hands and feet (although that's a sign of eventual torpor). On the opposite spectrum, vampires who have recently fed will, for a short while, have a bit more of a blush to them with all the new blood in their veins; however, it's not as convincing as using the Blush of Life and cannot pass as such (doesn't cause a heartbeat, for instance), and goes away after a few minutes.
CtD:
Glamour has the same iridescence as an oil spill.
Dr Chapman is fond of collecting butterflies and moths, and has a wall of them in his office. [Somehow, this is extremely unnerving for most of his patients.]
A more light-hearted one: Dr Chapman likes peanuts. I don't really know where this hc came from.
Both Dauntain and Autumn People have a lower body temperature than most mortals; combined with their Banality presence, it's not uncommon for some Kithain to think they're in the company of a vampire at first.
Nockers have an intricate series of knocks they can use to communicate to each other across tunnels, however this can also be used in simpler scenarios, like knocking on a door or table to communicate a message to someone right next to them without others knowing).
Bedlam results in slight leaks of the fae mien into the human disguise, though they're barely perceptible (ex: teeth that are just a tad sharper, small flecks of odd colors in the eyes, ears almost being pointed, etc).
A common sign of Bedlam is a bit of an iridescent shine/film on the eye, to show the buildup of too much Glamour within the fae and represent them not being able to clearly see reality; This trait is mostly only noticed by other Kithain, but becomes visible to humans in the later stages.
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