#higher *above* the water than horizontally from it
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The off-kilter pictures (one literally).
#spot the hidden observer#(there was actually a better angle 10 feet down the trail 😂)#(but the phone was already stashed and the pack was up)#(this one is more fun anyway)#(probably would never have noticed him if some folks coming the other way hadn't mentioned it)#(I was thoroughly wiped at that point)#(having just done some distance in loose sand)#(and then elevating above it)#and trying to capture the elevation#higher *above* the water than horizontally from it#Lake Michigan has spectacular sand bluffs#and not just the famous ones at Sleeping Bear#my pictures
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I'sola - Physical Descriptions/Visuals
Image 1 (Below). Were you to catch them awake, the I’sola would appear to be six-legged dragons, with stingray wings and green leaves littering their whip-like tail.
I’sola are generally a dark black-blue, with strips of phosphorescent yellow dug into their skin, winding in unique patterns for each one you meet, but always with brightly shining strips cut horizontally up their long necks.
But let's look a little closer.
See the Google Doc with additional formatting and higher quality images Here.
Image 2 (Below, Left). Their heads, snake-like in construction, have no mouth to speak of and barely-visible strips of mesh-like material indented into the sides of their snout in place of nostrils. Their four eyes more than make up for this visual lack. Two of them, blank and yellow, are nestled into each other on each side of their head, so large as to take up a near third of where their skulls would sit.
[Though these antennae are nearly identical between males and females of the species, they provide very different functions - the males’ giving off pollen, and the females’ collecting it.]
Just behind the antenna is a soft flexible frill, laying flat back against the I’sola’s neck. It, like the rest of the I’sola’s body, is mostly blue with patterns of yellow. This frill is slightly shaped like a crest of a triceratops, and it - along with the I’sola’s neck stripes and antennae - are used extensively in communication.
Image 3 (Above, Right). Here you can see the front view of an I’sola, the way that the neck stripes seem like carved wounds into their neck, and how their legs sprout from beneath their wings.
Image 4 (Below, Left). Though these large creatures seem like they would need a great amount of physical support, their torsos are not solid at all, but seem to be branches forming a facsimile of ribs, protecting something vital inside. That ‘something vital’ seems only to be present in half of the population: two large seeds nestled within inner roots. See [Life Cycle] post (not yet linked). They do not seem to breathe, and they make almost no sound as they walk, sometimes even using the reduced gravity of their home world to glide along with their stingray-like wings.
Each of their long spindly legs seem to be made up of bark-like segments, split at the joints. They each have the same general construction, but the two forelegs contain an extra joint in both the leg and the fingers. Their limbs each have a foot with three spread toes ending in wide shovel-like nails. In addition, the toes on the back four legs are slightly more flexible to allow for an easier grip as they navigate their rocky home.
Image 5, 6 (Above, Right). When moving about, they walk on slightly-raised toes, protecting a hole placed at the center of the bottom of their feet. When they lay down to sleep, they spread their limbs out around them and their toes out wide and flat, revealing this opening and allowing their roots to extend outward. These roots can then dig deep into the soil to collect nutrients while they rest.
Image 7 (Below, Left). As plant-based creatures, they need sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and additional nutrients from the ground soil around the rivers to survive. I’sola usually gather what they need during the Ring, sleeping near the rivers with leaves pointed towards the Ring in the sky and looking like large, fern-covered rocks or vines spiraling up toward the sky. Nearly three quarters of their days are spent in this state.
Image 8 (Right). Their Life Cycle will be discussed later on, but here you can see a depiction of a young I’sola, growing out of the ground before it has gained mobility. I add this here to give a better understanding of how their tails might look.
#humans are weird#humans are space australians#humans are strange#I'sola#I'solan Lore Building#original species#aliens#aliens and humans#original fiction#my art#art#sketch#eyes#leaves#creatures#plants#physical description#alt text#alien species#Crash Landing#world building#biology#original story#image description#visuals#links
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BIONICLE Science: The Depth of Mahri-Nui and the Length of the Cord
This is the second in a 5-part series of interconnected BIONICLE Science investigations that all feed into each other (the other parts will all be included in my BIONICLE Science master post).
After answering the question of the size of Voya-Nui (see this post), I turned my scientific sights onto Mahri-Nui: How deep underwater is it? And how long is the stone cord that connects it to Voya-Nui above?
Returning to the scale map of 2001-2008 locations from the previous post in this series, we can clearly see that the cord is depicted, a line extending south east from Voya-Nui to Mahri-Nui in the ocean depths.
Of course, this line only shows the Cord as it appears from directly above, it doesn’t show us the true length of the Cord or how far below the surface it stretches, it only shows is the straight-line distance between Voya-Nui and Mahri-Nui. But that is still a key piece of data to gather in order to uncover the wider question.
Using the same pixel measurements as before, this distance works out to be 30 pixels, or 43.2km when scaled up.
Now that we have that distance measured, we actually only need one other measurement in order to find both the length of the Cord and the depth of Mahri-Nui, and that is the angle at which the Cord is oriented relative to the sea floor (here, we are assuming that the Cord is a completely straight line, something that is backed up in its various depictions in canon).
Once we have that, we can form a right triangle and from there use a bit of trigonometry to find both its height and its hypotenuse – the depth of Mahri-Nui and the length of the Cord respectively.
I took the following image of Mahri-Nui from the ones available in order to make this measurement, as it is the best image available to show the city and the cord directly side on, meaning there would not be any viewing angle issues that may affect the angle measurement.
Measuring the angle of the Cord relative to the horizontal plane, the Cord is pointing upwards at an angle of just over 59 degrees.
Now all that’s needed is to plug this angle and the measurement for the base of the right triangle (43.2km) into the trigonometry equations and we can find our answers.
The height of the right triangle – the Depth of Mahri Nui:
Height = 72.9456511km (or 72.95km when rounded to 2 decimal places)
The hypotenuse of the right triangle – the length of the Cord:
Hypotenuse = 84.77809061km (or 84.78km when rounded to 2 decimal places)
Mahri-Nui is deep. Incredibly deep.
On Earth, the deepest known point of the ocean is the Challenger Deep, a smaller trench within the larger Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. It has been measured to be 10,929 meters (10.93km) below the surface.
Mahri-Nui sits 6.67 times deeper than the deepest point in the Earth’s Oceans!
This is even more impressive when you remember that Mahri-Nui does not sit on the true sea floor, but actually on top of the sediment covered body of the GSR, meaning that the Ocean of Aqua Magna is even deeper than this! While this is an incredible depth of the scale of the Earth, it is not unprecedented. The size of the inferred subsurface ocean on Jupiter’s moon Europa is estimated to be between 60 and 150km deep, so this depth is not impossible.
One thing is for sure though, the Black Waters surrounding Mahri-Nui would certainly live up to their name. Water absorbs light as it passes through it, meaning that the deeper you go, the darker it gets. This absorption rate is exponential with more and more light getting absorbed with every meter of depth. With the intensity of sunlight on Earth, this means that beyond 1000 meters in depth, essentially no light from the surface penetrates the ocean, leaving anything there in darkness. Mahri-Nui sits over 70 times deeper than this. Even assuming that Solis Magna has a higher luminosity than our Sun doesn’t help due to that exponential decrease, Mahri-Nui is just too deep.
Without Lightstones, the Black Water would be dark indeed.
In terms of the length of the Cord, it appears from canon that the Toa Inika took a few days at most to travel down its length, with various battles etc. along the way slowing them down. The inside of the Cord is also described as having many twists and turns, so the actual distance traveled by the Inika in that time would have been larger than the 84.78km that the Cord appears to be from the outside.
If we assume a steady walking pace of around 5km per hour, it would take around 17 hours to complete a journey of approx. 85km, so taking the various stops for battles with the Zyglak, stops for rest, and the longer actual distance due to the labyrinthine nature of the Cord, a travel time of a few days is reasonable.
I was pleased with these results, but my brain still wouldn’t let me finish on this line of questioning just yet. If Mahri-Nui doesn’t sit on the true sea bed, but rather on top of the GSR, then how deep does the ocean of Aqua Magna really go? And given just how much water pressure increases with depth, how much pressure are the Matoran subjected to down there?
If you want to know the answers to these too, stick around for parts 3 and 4.
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Cloud Streets Over the Sea of Okhotsk
A wintry scene unfolded off the coast of eastern Russia in the waning days of 2023, when parallel lines of cumulus clouds known as “cloud streets” took shape over the Sea of Okhotsk.
The MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured an image of this atmospheric phenomenon on December 28 at approximately noon local time (01:00 Universal Time). Also visible in this scene are the snow-covered Sakhalin Island and a mass of sea ice extending down its eastern shore.
Cloud streets develop in the troposphere when cold, dry air from land moves over the comparatively warm ocean and gains moisture. Where the warm, moist air rises, water vapor condenses to form clouds. Where cooled air sinks adjacent to the clouds, skies are clear. Cloud streets, also known as horizontal convective rolls, are oriented in line with the direction of the wind.
The Sea of Okhotsk is noted for being a factory of clouds and ice, in part due to frigid northwesterly winds blowing from Siberia. Low temperatures in the town of Okha on Sakhalin Island drop to an average of -21 degrees Celsius (-6 degrees Fahrenheit) for the month of January, the coldest month there.
Around the time of this image, the atmosphere above the Arctic was producing clouds with bright iridescent colors found at higher altitudes, in the stratosphere. These ethereal polar stratospheric clouds develop in extremely cold conditions and were recently visible to observers at lower latitudes than usual. The Arctic stratosphere dipped to anomalously low temperatures at the time, according to the MERRA-2 weather reanalysis model maintained by NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO).
NASA Earth Observatory image by Michala Garrison, using MODIS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE and GIBS/Worldview. Story by Lindsey Doermann.
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The Hows & Whys of Super Robot Wars
Machine Specs
As Char Aznable once said, a difference in pilot skill can make up for a gap in machine performance… but he lost the fight in which he said that quote anyway, so why listen to him? Let’s talk about machine performance in SRW R! As our example, we'll use the Argent Fighter jet!
At the very top, we can see the unit’s Size (サイズ) rank, which for the AF, is S (for Small!). This may seem like a simple cosmetic touch, but don’t be mistaken! Size matters in SRW!
In SRW R, Size accuracy multipliers (pictured above) only take into account the defending unit’s size; since it’s a Size S unit, regardless of whether our little jet friend here is attacked by another jet or by a gigantic mothership, the attacker’s accuracy will only be 80% of its usual performance. Simply put, the smaller a unit is, the harder it is to hit.
Damage multipliers (pictured above), however, work differently! They take into the account both the attacker and the defender’s sizes. On the graph above, the vertical axis is for the attacker, and the horizontal is for the defender. Therefore, if our little jet friend were to attack a Mobile Suit (traditionally all Size M), it’d have to contend with a 0.95 damage multiplier, making it deal 5% less damage than it would if it attacked another S-sized unit. In short, the larger a unit is in comparison to its target, the more damage it'll deal, and vice-versa.
To the right of the Size, we have the Repair Cost for this unit. If this Fighter were to get deployed and then shot down on the same stage, we wouldn’t lose it permanently like a Fire Emblem character (after all, you wouldn’t want your favorite little guys from your favorite show to be permanently gone all because an enemy lucked out on a 12% hit rate), but in turn, at the end of the stage we’d have to fork over 6k of our hard-earned funds that could have gone towards upgrades.
To the top left of its little sprite, we have the unit’s name, and below it its Max HP and EN. Below those, we have its Movement Range, Mobility, and Armor. HP, EN, Mobility and Armor are arguably the most important stats to keep in mind, as these are upgradeable with funds in between missions.
From my experiences with R, 6 is basically the bare minimum for a mech’s Movement Range to be considered convenient, and even then, if it doesn’t have something to smooth things over (like flight capability, the ability to transform into a more mobile form, or a spirit command that improves its movement range), it’ll still feel glacial. Movement Ranges of 5 and below are outright torturous. What i'd consider to be standard base Mobility for a Real Robot in SRW R is usually 90, with 85 being the bare minimum to be at all workable as a dodgy machine, and 100 being exceptional. For Super Robots' armor values, the standard would probably be 1100, with the bare minimum being 1000 and an exceptional amount being 1200 or more.
Below the machine’s sprite, you have its Terrain Aptitude ranks. 空 is sky, 陸 is ground, 海 is water, and 宇 is space. Don’t be fooled, B is absolutely not a passing grade. With a B or lower rank in a terrain, you’ll get debuffs to just about everything; lower damage dealt, higher damage received, worse hit/evade rates… the effect can catch you by surprise if you're not paying attention to it!
On page 2, we can see the machine’s abilities under the HP and EN. The Argent Fighter has “EN Recovery (Small)”, which means at the start of each player turn it regains 10% of its max EN. If it was (somehow) equipped with a sword, gun or shield, those would be displayed as little icons at the top of the machine abilities box. More on the significance of swords, guns and shields at a later date!
To the top right, we can see its Parts slots; as the game progresses, we will gain various types of optional Parts we can equip on our machines for various benefits. Generally speaking, the worse a unit is, the more parts slots it has, perhaps so that it can attempt to make up for its shortcomings. Battleships go against this rule, however, and tend to gain more parts slots as they upgrade to better versions of themselves.
Finally, the weapons! This machine has three attacks, all of which are Ranged-attribute, as denoted by the little crosshair icon to the left of their names. Were one of them Melee-attribute, it’d have a tiny fist icon in its place. To the right of their names, all three of them have little icons. The P icon means an attack is Post-Movement, meaning you can use it even after you've moved the unit for the turn; in a perfect world, you’ll want your mecha to have at least one decently strong P attack with no Will requirements and ideally at least 4 range. The second attack here, Grenade Attacker, is post-movement with 5 range, which is pretty handy (though not super impressive or anything). The B icon on Beam Shot, the third attack, represents that it’s a Beam weapon. This means that certain mech abilities can mitigate or outright avoid its damage, and that it can’t be used underwater.
To the right of their names and icons, we have the attack’s base Power. I tend to judge weapons' base Power more by their values after upgrading (coupled with how expensive they are to upgrade) rather than before, as early units tend to have a better upgrade curve so that they’re both balanced early on and usable later. For the early game of SRW R, post-movement weapons for getting rid of generic enemies are okay at around the 1800-2200 Power mark, and by the end-game, you’ll want them at around the 2500-3000 mark (obviously you’ll need to upgrade them to get to that point). Finishing moves are usually around the 3000-3600 Power mark at the beginning of the game, and by the end you’ll want them above the 4k mark, though with a properly leveled up character with good stats, the 3600-4000 range can still put in work thanks to various ways to boost your damage besides weapon upgrades.
To the right of the base Power we have the move's Range. Ideally, you want your robot to have at least one move with a range of 6 or higher, even if it’s not post-movement, so that you can counterattack particularly long-range enemies during the enemy phase instead of being forced to defend or avoid. To the right of that is the move’s Accuracy modifier.
At the bottom, you can see various other information about the move: if it uses Ammo, how many shots it has (the AF’s Solid Vulcans, for example, have 20 shots); to the right of it, its Terrain Adaptation ranks. (separate from the machine’s Terrain Adaptation, this takes into account the target enemy’s current terrain, and only affects damage dealt and not accuracy), and to the bottom of both, you have the required Willpower (if applicable) and required EN (if applicable). Moves that require Willpower don’t consume any, and are merely gated behind having your pilot’s Willpower that high, but moves that require EN will consume it as usual.
Finally, at the very bottom right is the Critical rate modifier, and above it, when applicable, is miscellaneous information about the move (for example, if it requires a specific Pilot Skill to function).
Aaaaaand that covers just about everything, I think! These two posts were really intensive to write out, but also very fun, since I love explaining stuff like this. It will also definitely come in handy for anyone trying to play along at home, and serve as quick reference for anyone who doesn’t know the ins and outs of SRW’s systems.
As my sources, i used the japanese SRW wiki, the Akurasu wiki, and my own experiences and testing with the game!
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Ground Loop Heat Pump: A Sustainable Solution for Heating and Cooling
Introduction
As the demand for sustainable and efficient energy solutions grows, ground loop heat pumps (GLHPs) have emerged as a viable alternative for heating and cooling buildings. By utilizing the Earth's stable temperatures, these systems provide a reliable and eco-friendly solution. This article explores the principles, benefits, and applications of ground loop heat pumps.
What is a Ground Loop Heat Pump?
A ground loop heat pump is a type of geothermal system that transfers heat between the ground and a building to provide heating and cooling. This technology has roots dating back to ancient times when people used hot springs for bathing and heating. Modern advancements have refined these concepts into efficient, sophisticated systems.
How a Ground Loop Heat Pump Works
Principles of Heat Transfer
The key to a ground loop heat pump's efficiency lies in the stable temperatures found just below the Earth's surface. During winter, the ground is warmer than the air above, and during summer, it is cooler. This temperature difference facilitates efficient heat transfer for both heating and cooling purposes.
The Role of the Ground Loop
The ground loop is a network of pipes buried underground, filled with a fluid (usually water mixed with antifreeze). This fluid circulates through the loop, absorbing heat from the ground in winter and releasing heat back into the ground in summer.
Types of Ground Loop Heat Pump Systems
Closed-Loop Systems
Horizontal Loop
Horizontal loops are installed in trenches about 4 to 6 feet deep. They are suitable for areas with ample land and are generally less expensive to install than vertical loops.
Vertical Loop
Vertical loops are installed in boreholes drilled 100 to 400 feet deep. They are ideal for locations with limited land availability and offer higher efficiency in certain soil conditions.
Pond/Lake Loop
If a property has access to a body of water, a pond or lake loop can be a cost-effective option. These loops are submerged in water, which remains relatively stable in temperature year-round.
Open-Loop Systems
Open-loop systems use groundwater from a well or another source. After transferring heat, the water is returned to the ground. These systems are efficient but require a consistent and clean water supply.
Components of a Ground Loop Heat Pump System
Heat Pump Unit
The heat pump unit is the core of the system, responsible for extracting and distributing heat. It contains components such as the compressor, heat exchanger, and controls.
Ground Loop
The ground loop is the network of pipes buried in the ground, through which the heat exchange fluid circulates.
Distribution System
The distribution system, including ductwork or radiant floor heating, delivers the heated or cooled air throughout the building.
Advantages of Ground Loop Heat Pump Systems
Energy Efficiency
Ground loop heat pumps can achieve efficiency rates of 300-600%, far surpassing traditional heating and cooling systems.
Environmental Benefits
These systems significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels, making them an environmentally friendly option.
Cost Savings
While the initial installation can be expensive, the long-term savings on energy bills can be substantial, making these systems cost-effective over time.
Disadvantages of Ground Loop Heat Pump Systems
Initial Installation Costs
The upfront cost for installation, including drilling and loop placement, can be high. However, this can be offset by long-term operational savings and government incentives.
Site-Specific Limitations
Not all locations are suitable for ground loop heat pump systems. Soil composition, land availability, and groundwater presence can affect feasibility and efficiency.
Installation Process
Site Assessment and Planning
A thorough site assessment determines the best system type and design based on local conditions. This includes soil testing and evaluating available land.
Drilling and Loop Installation
Installation involves drilling boreholes or digging trenches for the ground loop, which requires specialized equipment and expertise.
System Integration
Once the ground loop is in place, the heat pump is connected and integrated with the building’s HVAC system to complete the installation.
Maintenance Requirements
Routine Inspections
Regular inspections ensure the system operates efficiently and help identify potential issues before they become serious problems.
Common Issues and Solutions
Common issues include loop leaks or pump malfunctions. These can typically be addressed by a professional technician with experience in geothermal systems.
Applications of Ground Loop Heat Pump Systems
Residential Heating and Cooling
Homeowners benefit from lower energy bills and reduced environmental impact, making these systems ideal for both new and existing homes.
Commercial and Industrial Use
Businesses and industries can achieve significant cost savings and improve their environmental performance by adopting ground loop heat pump systems.
Agricultural Applications
Ground loop heat pumps can be used for greenhouse heating, soil warming, and other agricultural purposes, enhancing productivity and reducing operational costs.
Case Studies and Real-World Examples
Successful Installations
Numerous successful installations demonstrate the effectiveness of ground loop heat pump systems in various settings, from single-family homes to large commercial buildings.
Energy Savings Achieved
Real-world examples often show energy savings of up to 70% compared to traditional systems, highlighting the financial benefits and environmental impact.
Future Trends in Ground Loop Heat Pump Technology
Enhanced Efficiency Techniques
Advances in technology continue to improve the efficiency and affordability of ground loop heat pump systems, making them more accessible to a wider audience.
Integration with Smart Home Systems
Future systems are likely to feature integration with smart home technology, allowing for more precise control and energy management.
Comparing Ground Loop Heat Pumps to Other Systems
Air Source Heat Pumps
Unlike air source heat pumps, ground loop systems are not affected by outdoor air temperatures, providing consistent efficiency year-round.
Traditional HVAC Systems
Traditional systems often struggle with extreme weather conditions, whereas ground loop heat pumps maintain high performance and efficiency regardless of the season.
Government Incentives and Rebates
Available Programs
Various government programs offer incentives, such as tax credits and rebates, to encourage the adoption of geothermal technology. These incentives can significantly reduce the initial cost of installation.
How to Apply
Homeowners and businesses can apply for these incentives through local energy agencies or government websites. It's important to research available programs and ensure all requirements are met.
Conclusion
Ground loop heat pumps offer a sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective solution for modern heating and cooling needs. While the initial costs can be high, the long-term benefits, including energy savings and reduced environmental impact, make these systems a smart investment. As technology continues to advance and more incentives become available, ground loop heat pump systems are likely to play a significant role in the future of sustainable energy.
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Tales of the Steaming Seas
Characters in these writings are fictional, any resemblance to real person(s), businesses, or locations is entirely coincidental.
Tides of Chance
Koshri Shaman Oor
Cloak Engineer Lym
Vexridden Furie Urloce
The creature was like an eel, except its black body was flat horizontally like a ray rather than vertically.
Tigerfish
By darkness light pulling the craft from its hiding place to the place where land met water, loaded with as much and more to make the journey, sparing no backward gaze, silently pushed into the surf and waves paddling with thrush wrapped oars, far above the night light halved and a single eye visible, warm sea sprayed the lone occupant, ignoring it as the craft broke out into open water as tide pulled the waves in protest.
At the first rays and picking up a nice wind set to spreading out items of worship. feathers and spices thrown amid chants and beats of a small drum he kneeled low then pulled in like the tide, rose again, pulled in again and again until the light was above the horizon and shone like a pearl glazed in nectar.
Morning meal of dried tubers and bitter juice from a hollow shell, breathing in the salted air as he stood near naked the wood melded bone totem on his ear tingled.
This would be the greatest catch of his life, the songs of him would last until there were none left to hear them. The stone murals would last until the waves covered the last island. He wished the one who died on this craft still drew breath so he might have a soul wither to converse. If the winds were any friend it would have taken him home, instead dying and his craft washing him a shore to die half a dark and light later.
Buried in a heap of sand and stones, the craft passed to him by right and with only one aboard could steer and it moved itself with a pole and cloths he called wind net, A ponderous fever vision of two feline shadows told him to take the chance he had been given to make his name ever known.
In his rising time strong furtive wombs would carry his line, sixteen sons to pass him, two daughters to please the wife and midwives to help with rearing.
With his sons each take an island and people to teach his lessons, skills and this crafts make.
Then in his setting time use his wealth to build a temple to him amid precious items and spouses be buried beneath a pile of shells and stones.
But now his eyes read the sky, bordered by a double arc of colors and a few twists of cloud.
Tiny specks higher then both of them, moving together with purpose in the blue above, waterfowl or lost landfowl, as he turned with the waves and looked up one speck broke away, the rest continue as if nothing changed, it drifted farther and seemed to cease.
An urge to relieve himself made itself known, putting aside his cloth took it in hand and let loose. A silent wave dashed his craft he fell into the water, salt and burning entered his nose, fighting to stay afloat kicked the water to froth and caught the moor line on his craft, splashing a ways away brought his attention back to the water, deep grey eyes searching for movement.
Climbing up the hull onto the deck, he noticed an angular three point pole sticking and waving to and fro right where he'd been earlier, further more a spray of water hit his back the same time sounds of a splash turned his head a bellow of green burst from the deep flapping its feathered folds blurringly as he picked up a roped weight and faced the bare chested beast.
His totem glowed as he grabbed it by the dagger wielding arm and neck the thing twisted and lurched to and fro, its eyes bloodshot, pulling up as it struck downward nicking his cloth loop, wrested and took hold of its now dangling tail fin, having realized it would lose tried to rise skyward with broad flaps of its wings, yet now he had the rope tight around its fin and a hard yank brought it crashing to the deck stunned.
Still moving as he planted a foot on its gut and lifted by the wet green shell and weed tangled hair on its head, chanting aloud to the deep depths and high heights, to all the winds, a gasp and strangled cry escape from its mouth and then went limp.
Gazing upon his catch, eyeing but not touching her supple inked lithe pale skin and jutting mounds, above each scribbles he didn't know the meaning of with lines down her arms and sides speckled with see through dots to her waist, his cloth loop failed and his manhood came to full height.
No time to waste he began a rhythmic tug and hummed a bit from the back of his throat as the slumbering female fish fowl lay wings twitching and curled hair into twists as its tail shimmered in the light, daring to get closer her face contorted as her lips twitched and eyelids fluttered, as he started to think deeply of this part fish female's form pleasuring him in his hammock, the breeze picked up the wind nets and took him left with it, after tying the steering oar he took the female flying fish down to the berth to snooze it off and dry out, maybe speak some words of her origin.
Change of Winds
Commander Vonse Dygr
Corelei Faeby
Cog Lym Bodelot
Operation Cloak and Trident
A giant shadow bedded in reef plants, hungrily digging for sustenance, heedless and foul.
Rhythmic sounds of meshing gears and hissing pipes in its echoing bowels broken by emitted groans at each interval then return to rhythm, bending corridors lit by clear bulbs on its walls each held a tiny winged figure with fine wire coiled around its wrists and ankles, bags of tools and spares strapped to the hips as Lym climbed down the ladderway to energy stowage, dry air passed through unshut vents making low whines of eerie tone.
"The pressure valves need bleeding, else the core will implode." He was told.
"That's not my area of skill sir, I'm sure one of the other-" he was cut off.
"It's an order, take a booklet from the storeroom." The Commander barked.
He was classed Cog, small to fit and fix what and where needed, on his way down a shaft startled some web eared vermin who scattered, Lyms eyeshades adjusted to the dim light as he pulled himself along through grime and grit.
'Just two weeks till payout, I get my right hand back and a week leave to my home.'
He mouthed its name and the name of the lover he'd left behind him. On to the bleed control, among the puzzle of pipelines and gears amid hissing and laborious sounding echos, the four valve control box of knobs and instructions written in Fay, fatherfucking Fay.
The commander could suckle a huge dongone, he only got his promotion because the prickhead above him went for an outing off the coast with a friend and never came back.
Angrily Lym took out the booklet to his relief it was in his tongue realizing the writing matched, it said to bleed the first valve after its knob had been turned two clicks left then one click right. The other knob two clicks right and one click left and the red lever set to half.
The whole construct groaned and moaned as pipes rattled and acrid steam flowed out. He turned around to leave, a faint-'stay'-creeped into his ears, stopped looking about for its origin, nothing.
Wiping his brow with his sleeve smearing grease from labor over it, Lym sighed as he took his issued rag and wiped again, amid a lull in the noise 'stay' and a shiver of cold in the air.
His task complete walked to exit the room and a chill ran up his spine, quickly crawled through the shaft emerged in the corridor and went directly to his crew quarters.
Inside slept with masks on their faces, a cultural as well as practical item to have when sharing rooming with ten other people.
His bunk bud Skol lay on the woven straw mat in the box hole in the wall that served as sleeping space when they got a break, it was normally too humid and balmy for Lym's liking, but Skol's bronze scaled body was made for this environment, he could climb walls and ceilings too.
"Hey it's your shift, get up or I dump cold water on you." Lym said half joking.
"Do that and I'll eat you for second supper, save the leftovers for my snack." He replied quarter joking.
Skol was up and putting on the workshorts he wore, no shoes or shirt needed, he low fived Lym as he past by out the door.
'Shower time then rest.' Lym thought then said aloud "What time is it, shower time."
He striped to skin and towel, walking down to the stall door, knocked and found it empty.
He turned the cold water on and took the soap provided that smelled of forest and honey.
Lym slathered it on and stepped into the stream, instant half mast, then someone knocked.
"Occupied, wait five minutes." Again knocking, "I'll be out in five minutes." Harder knocks, this time the door moved a crack.
"Spit of a bastards sword, I'm in here so wait a damn minute or I'll leave a present for you afterwards."
It worked the person left him to shower in peace, realizing the soap was missing from his hand.
It was on the floor so he bent to get it, another chill up the spine, 'perfect' like someone was there.
Lym finished soaping, rinsed, turned off the water and took his towel, exiting the stall.
In the quarters realized he was alone and left the towel to dry, walking to his bunk which was absent of his worksuit.
His confusion was smothered by panic that was strangled by rage when no one was in the room, somebody had swiped it.
'Well, regulation states full uniform must be worn out of quarters so that means going without dinner, I'm going pound the ever loving crap out of the asshole that took my suit.'
Effectively confined to his bunk, Lym looked for any stuff of the others he could take to even the field, this was war, but there was nothing but lint mats and those were bolted to the bunk frame.
'Screw them' Then a better idea entered his head 'piss on them.'
Went to each and wet it, then laid on his, maybe Skol will be back then we can prank them.
He dozed and slowly his lids grew heavy, 'sleep.' halfway there already, last thing felt was a chill.
It began with his own reflection in a mirror, but older with more face hair, the mirror broke.
In a forest of yellow leaves, walking down a dirt trail and to either side visages of people were in the trunks bark, then reshaped to form symbols, up above the light of day didn't pierce the treetops, the ground felt moist on his bare soles, animals of myth scurried or pranced or flew by, now fearful began running with them as unseen maroon cloaked things closed in trees began to fall uprooted and dead.
The ground turned hard and gritty as he looked down it was now a cobbled street, as he looked up the trees were replaced with tall houses and smoke belching towers, the sky black with smog and no birds flew, then as he looked again the last tree in the middle of the square was replaced by a massive obelisk of coal and set alight, within the flames he saw people toil in misery and grief as the maroon hooded things came out of the ground, he didn't have time to scream as it faded to black.
Awake stripped down to nothing in a chair in a dim room his arms and legs bound and mouth gagged, others nearby in the same position, the worse things he feared came out from the edges of his sight as he screamed again loudly.
Awake again a gray shrouded person with a featureless white face took the binds off and ungagged him, a spot of light in the darkness grew until it shaped into a door, he took the person's hand and walked to the opened door.
An ear splitting whine tore his mind from sleep and bolted up hitting his head on the bunk ceiling.
'Drill or real?' sighed 'Can't be absent, they won't care what the reason is, suck it up and go.'
So with only a towel and his swallowed pride, paced down the echoing corridor to a maintenance lift.
Pulled the outer crank and the caged platform appeared, he entered and pulled the inner crank.
Up, up, stop, took a deep breath opened the cage and looked out, empty.
Jogging the final bit over a spanning trench that seemed pitless and turned the corner to the docking bay, assembled was the whole crew of the vessel, station roll was being called out.
"Command Crew, Dygr, Prec, Hulm, Qliq, Vadd."
"Cook Crew, Brok, Ebin, Ryss, Kuft, Leqo."
"Coal Crew, Alox, Gmre, Tuly, Hish, Foja."
"Cog Crew, Cvot, Jawn, Nedu, Skol, Lym."
"Deceased Commander Azak, Healer Yiez"
He stepped in line beside his crewmates as if nothing was amiss and said "Here!"
One of the masked goons pointed out, "He's not in uniform, look at that moron."
The whole crew turned and looked at him, standing with nothing but a towel over his junk and rear.
Lym felt his face get red hot and before he knew it his fist had caved in the snitchs mask and the next guy put his hands up but Lym punched the fucker in the throat, nailing one more in the dick before a unseen hit put his lights out and he met the metal deck.
Snapping back to life and heard his name being called over and over again when finally a angry shout "Better get your head out of your ass Lym, front and center Cog." It was Prec, a bottom rater that made every mistake a personal insult, stepping forward into plain view with
Ship of Fools
SQS Rhapsode Sea Prince Urmeryc
SQS Dorrsin Captain Bethadin
SQS Whila Captain Whin, Healer Phelliza, Cook Nirik Musician, Shurova, birdcourier Spuris
SQS Vexcide Captain Shellarn
Twasnt Whin's first time aboard such a vessel, gifted token of a will, having traveled over water at one time or another, but in charge of one was a first, now to gather more substantial crew, first stop was home, cobbled two part rain soaked village made by increased trade routes passing through and settling of their kinfolk on the other side. A wooden draw bridge that allowed bigger wagons and carts to pass spanned the rivers length adorned by flowering vines along the rail with carvings of bird nests and beehives, laying eyes upon it once again tapped into memories long before.
An old flame who called itself Oyo and Whin's sometimes lover, not one of carnal or mating desire, a mind lover, exploring the ends of thought and soul through trance, A still older flame was Horrten, though his given name was much longer, the sweetest and most passionate kisser Whin had been with yet, a poet as well, they locked lips for three hours before sleep and he left a note, 'going to make wrongs right.' and a lock of his long hair.
Touching familiar ground after fourteen seasons away, feelings of euphoria from unshorn head to unshod toe stirred within Whin.
Passing food stalls and merchants amid large crates of barter goods, drawn to a peculiar pale purplish small person sitting crosslegged atop a barrel amid a sea of canvas frames strewn near the path stones, getting closer appeared to be wearing little else but a gold dye checked sash over both shoulders down cross the hips and end with a knot at the crotch and butt, on the head a jauntish swirl of pastel, prune and plum color hair looped at the top, little swept ears stuck out, cept they folded down like a hog, eyebrows dyed in three shades matching the hair, deep orbs of hazel above a snoutish nose, below it a prim mouth with juicy green lips half pried with a pipe shaped like a sleeping wyrm, smoke rising from its carved snout.
"Phelliza?" Whin inquired, who perked up squinting with a quizzical look "Whin."
"What the hell you doing been all this time, last I saw you were bare assed in --"
"I'm the new captain of a seaship, gathering a crew and need a healer."
"Spawn of Vex, count me onboard."
"Head to the dock, the challenge is starlet, you reply taxes."
Watching her quickly throw all her paintings in the barrel tilt it over and roll back the way Whin had come.
Phelliza wasn't a relationship, she was a party animal, the never ending drinks and dust snorting and dance benders
four days later she'd wake and have to bath in salt water before eating a table set for twenty.
Walking paths between the buildings and into the square, Whin thought briefly about visiting a old haunt after a tavern to find a stiff beverage.
Fifty strides later found a half bar and bathhouse dubbed Sema's, made either out of or to look like a stable and the adjoining building a long stone hall from which a lively chorus inside drew Whins pointed ears, so went in.
For starts, it was a bit drafty, some places where animal stalls were made into booths, a fire in the hearth lightly smoked caused by rain leakage and the patrons added to the haze with their own pipes, furnishings were tattered sigils of nations far off, old weapons crudely pegged to the walls and two dozen or so color lanterns lit in the windows and on rafters, but the smell of flavored dishes and fayish music serenaded the nostrils and ears.
Walking to the tableclothed plank bar and sat on a stool, no cushion, "barkeep, a pint of brewed beans, light sugar and dish of hole cakes, please." Whin ordered eagerly.
The music slowed, the chatter quieted, and it felt as if the whole place had eyes on Whin.
Turning around the barkeep had ears like Fay, black hair, brown eyes, and one arm short of two.
"You aren't serious about that order, did I hear that right?" His voice nasally rasped.
"Yes, I would like what was ordered, or should I speak to the owner, what's your name?" Whin replied.
The music and chatter picked up again, They came head to head as the barkeep spoke.
"Nirik, I'm capable of making that, but it will take a while, It just looked like a strange order."
"What happened to your arm?" Trying to ask politely. "Did you see battle on some occasion?"
His eyes were deep in thought "I lost it in a duel for her." Pointing down as he answered.
'Her?' puzzled and confused Whin shrugged.
"My dear Leggan, the most comfortable pair I ever wore, worth the arm, hag can't chew cause of me."
'Comfortable, pair, wore?' Whin still not wasn't sure "Is Leggan a person, what are you implying?"
"Leggan says she loves the Rang pattern thong your sporting, but it's out of style nowadays, try Vay pattern."
Whin blushed and quickly checked to be certain a hole wasn't present on the battle skirt worn this morning.
Untying the graves lace and the underpadding gathered in a heaped pile, nudity was only necessary to Whin if the situation called for it, coverage meant you cared to
Did this with the screen tint setting screwed so when restored to normal this is the result.
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Managing Menstrual Health in Winter: Tips and Remedies
Winter’s chill coupled with women’s monthly cycles can add up to discomfort and distress if not managed holistically. From worse cramps and heavier flow to low mood and decreased energy, frigid temps often amplify the issues that accompany menstruation. But you have more control than you think despite the weather’s wrath! Prep your mind, body and lifestyle using the helpful period hacks below.
Keep Up Self Care Routines
Self care habits like sleep, nutrition, hydration and light movement hold even greater importance during menstrual periods and winter alike. Yet either one can make women tempted to stagnate or self-soothe with less healthy strategies. Be mindful of continuing wholesome care basics to stay balanced.
Sufficient Sleep – Prioritize adequate good quality sleep above 7-9 hours nightly for emotional regulation, hormones and energy. Turn off blue light electronics, limit caffeine, take magnesium or melatonin if needed.
Balanced Diet – Increased iron losses mean slightly higher nutritional needs for menstruating women. Up red meat, lentils, greens and consider an iron supplement if fatigued. Healthy fats, complex carbs, magnesium and B vitamins soothe symptoms too.
Stay Hydrated - Drinking ample water and herbal tea counteracts headaches, bloating, fatigue and even mood swings exacerbated by winter dryness and hormonal dips during periods.
Moderate Activity – Gentle exercise like walking, stretching or light weights boosts circulation, relieves stress and prevents sluggishness. Just listen to your body about pushing too hard when you’re already tapped.
Mindfulness Habits – Meditation, journaling, affirmations and relaxation techniques ground women against pain, anxiety or overwhelm amplified emotionally and physically during periods and cold short days.
Choose Comfortable Clothes
Put down the skinny jeans and let loose clothes with some stretch give your abdomen and other crampy areas a break. Breathability and coziness serve you better than style anyway.
Stay Cozy In Bed
If painful periods or low energy have you horizontal more, ensure your sleep setup caters to comfort. Flannel sheets, soft pajamas, warm socks, enough pillows to prop, stretch or curl around, plus cuddly blankets if you run cold. Keep water, snacks, meds, a heating pad, entertainment and anything else you need handy on a nightstand to limit leaving your nest. Consider insulating drafty windows with thermal cellular shades as well for added warmth.
Apply Soothing Relief
Tissues, skin and muscle creams infused with calming ingredients bring sweet relief to stressed areas during that time of the month without unwanted synthetic chemicals. Seek out all-natural options featuring herbs like chamomile, lavender and clary sage or compounds like arnica, magnesium, aloe Vera, comfrey and CBD. Massage gently over lower abdomen, low back, breasts, temples – wherever you experience symptoms. The medicinal aromas offer comfort too!
Consider Alternative Therapies
Acupuncture, chiropractic, massage, float therapy, infrared sauna sessions and other modalities redirect circulation and alignment to improve flow, while alleviating muscular and hormonal sources of women’s discomfort monthly. Always fully disclose period status to practitioners for proper care. Many offer combination or seasonal packages at reduced rates too – perfect for trialing new remedies!
Dress in Clean Layers
Temperature swings notoriously trigger or worsen many women’s cramps and headaches when menstruating. Maintain cozy core warmth while allowing flexibility to shed layers with weather shifts or hot flashes by choosing breathable base layers topped with removable wraps, cardigans, pullovers and protective outerwear. Having options prevents discomfort and potential irritation against sensitive skin as well.
Streamline Period Prep
When energy runs low but your cycle runs heavy, simplify self care. Have supplies like pads, tampons, pantyliners, period underwear, menstrual cups and pain/bloat relief aids stocked up conveniently at home and work all season. Meal prep freezer-friendly comfort foods you can easily reheat too. Cut down on laborious beauty rituals like shaving or styling long locks in favor of low-maintenance braids or covered hairstyles when possible as well during the winter months.
Prioritize Your Social Health
Menstruation and cold weather both often lead women to isolation right when they need uplifting community most! Structure social connections that energize you into your schedule as proactively as a workout. Coordinate regular check-ins via text chat groups, embrace video call game nights or catch-up sessions, gather safely masked for a short walk rather than just coffee, or schedule weekly Casual Friday workplace in-person huddles since many women now work remotely. Don’t let convenience downgrade meaningful bonds because you feel blah.
Know Your Cycle
Track, chart and tune into patterns over a few months using one of the many period-tracking apps now available. Identify consistently challenging days where you ovulate, PMS or bleed heaviest. Get to understand your unique rhythms, symptoms, triggers and preferred coping methods. Then you can better anticipate needs, requests extra support preemptively if desired, and feel empowered handling what comes month to month.
Winter weather and menstruation can feel like a brutal one-two punch some cycles. But preparing your environment, lifestyle, self care practices and social circle to holistically sustain you through challenging days and seasons makes thriving gracefully possible for women. Get ready to take wintertime periods in stride!
Get Our Menstrual Health Winter consultation on kapeefit.com/appointment with additional winter-specific tips for menstrual management.
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HOW TO PAVE THE JOISTS FOR YOUR WPC DECKING?
WPC decking has been one of the most common choices for no matter home or commercial buildings with its contribution to setting up a comfortable and tidy environment. While having leisure time above the WPC decking, do you ever wonder how these boards wear people’s weight day and night without warping?
The secret of no-warping diy wpc decking is the frame under them – or call it another name, the joist. However, there still exists some confusion about it: What is a joist? Can I not pave the joist for the WPC decking?
The answer is a big NO: We don't recommend you set up the outdoor WPC decking without a joist. The detailed information about joist is as below:
WHAT IS THE JOIST FOR WPC DECKING?
A joist is a structural frame set up horizontally to support the decking above them, consisting of a flooring system for people to walk on. It is commonly adopted in the construction of floors, ceilings, and decking. When it is pressed, the force can be separated from the whole frame; Therefore, the load can be distributed evenly.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF JOISTS?
Wood joist
Wood joists, as the traditional material, used to be the no-better choice for WPC decking installation: they offer an attractive price and convenience for installation. But their weaknesses are exposed soon. They are easy to get burned, mold, pest infestation and finally end up cracking and corrupting. If you are in an area with much rain, wood joists may cost you time and energy to maintain.
Stainless steel joist
Stainless steel joist perfectly solves the weaknesses of wood joist: their fire-proof, water-proof, and high hardness features endow them with superior advantages. However, the price of the stainless steel joist is a bit higher than the wood joist.
Aluminum alloy joist
Aluminum alloy joist has the highest strength among the four types of joists, so they can bear much load. It is durable enough to have high resistance against erosion, fire, water, etc. The other side of the coin is that the aluminum alloy joist has the highest price compared to the other three types of joists.
WPC joist
If you have been impressed by the numerous benefits of WPC decking, why not adopt WPC joist for WPC decking too? This type of joist has a high density to avoid warping while you are having a big move on it. What’s more, it is water-proof, deformation-free, maintenance-free, and easy to install, so it can do a good job of supporting your decking.
WHY SHOULD YOU PAVE JOISTS FOR YOUR WPC DECKING?
Leveling the ground
When it comes to the installation environment of the WPC decking, you may find out a fact that where the wood plastic composite planks are going to be placed are not flat enough. This leads to increased difficulty in installation and even affects the life span of your precious WPC decking. But with the joist, you can elevate the decking to set it above the bumpy ground.
Fix the WPC decking
Another benefit you can enjoy from the joists is that it holds the decking tightly with the clips so that they won’t move while you are walking on them and increase the risk of falling. Besides, the area that may bump into typhoons necessitates fixing the decking to the ground by joist to eliminate the loss during the disaster.
Wood Plastic Composite Boards
Support the WPC decking
This is the basic function of the joist. And one advantage behind this essential feature is that the joist leaves space for the decking to ventilate, which increases the life span of the wood-plastic composite planks.
Plastic Wood Boards
HOW TO INSTALL JOISTS ON THE GROUND?
Set the foundation: The first step is to dig the spots on the ground, place the pillars on them, and fix them by filling the holes with concrete.
Build the joists: The next step is to attach the joists to the pillars with screws and other fixtures. The distance between each joist should be less than 300mm.
Attach the WPC decking: During this section, you should place the WPC decking on the joist and fix them to the joists with clips and screws.
WHICH JOIST SHOULD YOU CHOOSE FOR YOUR WPC DECKING?
For concrete ground
Under the circumstance that the ground is 100% flat, the WPC joist is recommended to pave because it can be directly fixed to the concrete ground by expansion plugs, saving the time for setting the foundation.
For soil ground
Considering the friable soil and insects, the stainless steel joist and aluminum alloy joist will be the best choice since they have the best strength and anti-erosion ability.
For ground with high humidity
If you want to install WPC decking near a lake, pond, or river, the water-proof WPC joist, stainless steel joist, and aluminum joist can be your options.
CHOOSE A ONE-STOP WPC DECKING SOLUTION FROM WALLONG
If you get tired of handling all this stuff, let a professional and reliable composite decking manufacturer help you deal with this. The supplier you can always put your trust in is Wallong, who is always prepared to give you the most considerate and satisfying service. We will give you detailed construction on installing our decking and give you technical support.
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Seismic waves Source
They are waves of energy resulting from a sudden break in the rocks of the earth's crust or an explosion in the interior of the earth, and it is the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs.
Types of seismic waves:
There are many types of seismic waves, and they all travel in different directions. But there are two main types of seismic waves under which many seismic waves emerge, these two types are
Body Waves
Surface waves
Body waves can penetrate through the Earth's inner layers; As for surface waves, they can only travel across the surface of the Earth. The closest example of surface waves is the ripples that occur above the surface of the water when you throw a stone into a lake or a stagnant water pond.
Earthquakes emit seismic energy as both body waves and surface waves
1- Body waves and their types:
As we mentioned, body waves can penetrate through the inner layers of the Earth, and one of their characteristics also is that they reach faster than surface waves on seismic devices, and have a higher frequency than surface waves.
Primary Waves:
The first type of body wave is the primary or primary wave
Primary Waves
This type of wave is the fastest of all, and therefore the first seismic wave to reach seismic observatories.
Elemental waves can penetrate both solid and fluid rocks such as water or the Earth's fluid layers.
Elementary waves pull and push the rock particles they pass through like sound waves pull and push air.
Have you ever heard the sound of thunder synchronized with the sound of shaking in the window glass?
Absolutely yes. The sound waves push and pull on the window glass, and this is what the primary waves do when they pass through the rocks.
Sometimes animals can hear the initial waves of an earthquake; For example, dogs bark hysterically before an earthquake, or rather before the arrival of surface waves from the epicenter.
Primary waves are also known as “compressive waves” due to the nature of their movement of push and pull, and the rock particles through which the primary waves pass to move in the same direction in which the primary wave travels.
Secondary waves
Secondary waves are the second waves to reach seismographs, which you can feel after the primary waves if an earthquake occurs.
Secondary waves are slower than primary waves and cannot pass through a fluid medium.
You can only pass through solid rock, and this is the property that enables seismologists, earth scientists, and geophysicists to know that the outer core of the Earth is a fluid layer. As secondary waves cannot propagate or pass through it as primary waves do.
Secondary seismic waves force the rock particles, if they pass through them, to move down, up, and to the side, in contrast to the primary waves that make the rock particles they pass through move in the same direction as the primary wave propagation.
Surface Waves
Surface waves and their types:
Surface waves can only travel through the Earth's crust; Because their frequency is less than the primary waves and they it is easily distinguished from the primary waves on seismographs, and it also reaches the seismographs after the primary waves.
Love waves
The first type of surface waves are love waves; Named after the English mathematician (Augustus Love 1863-1940) who developed a mathematical model for this type of wave in 1911.
Love waves are confined to the surface of the Earth's crust only; They are the fastest surface waves, and their particles move along the Earth's surface in a horizontal, side-to-side motion.
Rayleigh waves
The second type of surface wave is Rayleigh waves, after Lord Rayleigh (1842-1919) who mathematically predicted the existence of these types of seismic waves in 1885.
This type of wave propagates by oscillating the particles of the medium in a receding elliptical manner, in a vertical plane parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Hence, it follows it in terms of the time of arrival to the different locations, and it moves the surface of the earth down and up.
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Tankless water heaters
Tankless water heaters, also known as on-demand water heaters, are a popular alternative to traditional storage tank water heaters. They work by heating water only as it is needed, rather than constantly maintaining a supply of hot water in a storage tank. Tankless water heaters have been gaining popularity in recent years due to their many benefits over traditional water heaters with storage tanks. As more people become aware of the energy and cost savings that tankless water heaters can offer, they are increasingly being seen as an emerging technology in the world of home appliances.
Tankless water heaters are usually compared to Instant water heaters. While they both provide hot water on demand, there are some key differences between the two:
Size : Tankless water heaters are typically smaller in size and are sleeker than traditional water heaters with a storage tank making them great space -savers. They are ideal for homes with limited space & small bathrooms. They can be easily fitted inside the bathroom and above false ceilings. Tankless water heaters are smaller than Instant water heaters of similar wattage. They can also be fitted in small enclosures or below the sink in horizontal or inverted configurations.
Capacity: Instant water heaters have a small tank of either 1 ltr or 3 ltr capacity and are limited by their wattage of 3kw or 4.5 kw. So they provide hot water with a low flow rate. Whereas tankless water heaters, do not have a tank and have higher wattages, starting from 5 kw upto 24 kw and can provide hot water for an entire household.
Heating Process: Instant water heaters heat water as it flows through the unit, using electricity . Tankless water heaters also heat water on demand, but they use a heat exchanger to do so. They circulate water through the heat exchanger, which is heated by electricity, to provide hot water.
Energy Efficiency: Tankless water heaters are generally more energy-efficient than instant water heaters, as they only heat water as needed, whereas in instant water heaters additional energy is required to heat the volume of water inside the small tank.
Cost: Instant water heaters are typically less expensive than tankless water heaters, but they are also less powerful and can only provide hot water to one fixture with low to medium rate of flow. Tankless water heaters are more expensive but are designed for high usage and supply to multiple points - shower, kitchen, bath etc. making them a more practical choice for larger households.
Operation: Instant water heaters have small capacity tanks with an element fitted that operate based on a thermostat which switches ON/OFF the heating based on set temperature. Tankless water heaters on the other hand operate on the Flow based technology. The unit switches ON when it senses the water flow and switches OFF when there is no water flow.
Maintenance: Since Instant water heaters have a small storage tank and element, it requires maintenance depending on the water quality of your area. Tankless water heaters maintenance is hassle-free as there will not be sediment formation or scale deposits on the element.
Output: In Instant water heaters the output is average and suitable for single point usage. Tankless water heaters are ideal for modern homes where shower panels, rain showers are installed. They provide super hot water with higher output and with good rates of flow suitable for such usage.
Time to heat the water: The time taken to heat the water in Tankless water heater is instantaneous as soon as the tap is opened. Whereas in Instant water heaters, the water in the small tank has to be heated up first; so hot water can take a little longer to start flowing from the tap.
Safety: Tankless water heaters are very safe to use as they operate based on flow based technology. The element switches ON/OFF based on the water flow. In Instant water heaters on the other hand, there is the possibility of dry heating of the element if there is no water in the tank.
Installation Requirements: For Instant water heaters the requirements for installation are very simple and can be fit either in the kitchen or bathroom and requires just the basic electrical requirements. But in the case of the Tankless water heaters, they may require thicker wiring due to the higher wattage –between 3 x 2.5 mm2 and 4 x 6 mm2 depending on the model selected. A circuit breaker between 25 amps and 40 amps, may be required. In Mumbai, this wiring requirement is almost standard in most buildings or quite simple to get done; so tankless water heaters can be easily installed after a proper site inspection by a qualified installer & electrician. Tankless water heaters therefore are being recommended by most Architects and consultants for modern homes. Overall, both instant water heaters and tankless water heaters provide hot water on demand and can be a good choice depending on your specific needs.
Venus Home Appliances, the pioneer in water Heater industry committed to continued efforts to innovate and upgrade the existing products to satisfy customer’s requirements, has a wide range of Tankless water heaters to offer. The Quik Tankless water heater segment has Quik 5.5Kw , 6.8Kw 9kw, 12kw, 15Kw, 18kw & 24Kw models. The Quik Tankless range is packed with cutting edge technology, elegant design with digital temperature display and superior features that include the latest Heat Exchanger technology and microprocessor based temperature control. The stylish and space saving design with a built in pressure release valve gives Super hot water, Super fast and helps to achieve maximum energy efficiency as it operates only when hot water is needed.
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This week we had a walk in the park near campus, called Barrambin. The walk is meant to give us ideas of what we'd like to create for the site, for our second piece of assessment, where we are to create something to install. We walked around the entire park, and saw different cultural site and were given a lot of historical context/history about the area.
Above are some photos I took on the walk, for inspiration. As I walked through the park, one place that took my attention most was the impression of the stream (top left). I found it visually interesting, and there was a sense of a ghostly presence. I guess the ghost of what was there. Then I discovered the seedpods, and they reminded me of boats.
I had two ideas for this. My first was a series of wave shapes on wooden supports. I was going to install them in a valley of rocks that i found really interesting. From what I remember, it used to have water there. They were going to alternate between horizontal and vertical positioning, creating a contrast that draws the eye of the audience. They were to mimic how water is fluid and subject to constant change, hence why some are vertical and some horizontal. My chosen material would be plywood, but it would be interesting to make them a frame of metal rather than solid wood.
Another idea I had was a series of boats fashioned after the seedpods found in the surrounding area. I would like them to have the illusion of floating down the imaginary stream, bobbing along. I want the audience to imagine and visualise the water that could have been there.
It was a little difficult choosing artists for this week, but I did find two eventually. Vito Acconci and Ilya Kabakov.
Courtyard in the Wind is an installation piece by Vito Acconci, featuring a circle in a courtyard. It displaces the path and puts it in the grass, creating this asymmetrical look and breaks the monotony of the area. This break up is visually interesting, and the full effect can't be see immediately or fully from the ground. It's only when you go higher and see it that it becomes its full beauty.
Acconci discusses museums and how they are a simulated public space in Public Art, A Reader, and then goes on to discuss how art has to squeeze itself into what already exists. For this work, it both squeezes itself into the space, and integrates itself seamlessly.
I really like this work because of the way it interrupts the monotony of the space, and acts like it has always been there. There is a sense of belonging, and it fits in with the cluttered buildings and straight cut lines in the environment around it.
Ilya Kabakov created Looking up. Reading the Words.. in 1997, and it features a tall telegraph pole. When the audience lies under it, the 'antennae' has words that you can read within the lines. The work masquerades as a normal part of infrastructure, before you'd lie down under it and you'd see the words in the antennae. This undercover nature is interesting to me, because it hides something you'd otherwise wouldn't think was there.
In Public Art, A Reader, Kabakov discusses the public space as a project or the spirit of a place. She talks about how the spirit dictates images and figures and would demand them to be built and realised. How everything surfaces from the subconscious and inner hearing, only remained to be realised materially and built.
I like this work because of this subconscious connected to it. We as the audience subconsciously write it off as a normal part of the world, something that doesn't need to be looked at closely. Only when we finally look and properly take in what it is, we see the spirit and artistic intent left behind. We finally see what the artist and spirit left behind and intended for the audience to discover. I really do think this allows the work to stand out while also blend in, through this camouflage/subconscious dismissal. Only when taking it in do we realise what is really there.
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Misunderstandings in the operation and use of pipeline centrifugal pumps
1. Pipeline centrifugal pumps are matched with some pipeline centrifugal pumps. Users believe that this can increase the actual head, but in fact, the actual head of the water pump is equal to the total head to the loss head. After the water pump model is determined, the total head is fixed; The loss of head mainly comes from pipeline resistance. The smaller the pipe diameter, the greater the resistance, and therefore the greater the loss of head. Therefore, reducing the pipe diameter not only does not increase the actual head of the water pump, but also reduces it, leading to a decrease in pump efficiency. Similarly, when a small diameter water pump uses a large water pipe for pumping, the actual head of the pump will not be reduced. Instead, the loss head will be reduced due to the decrease in pipeline resistance, resulting in an increase in actual head.
2. High head water pumps are used for low head pumping. Some pipeline centrifugal pumps users believe that the lower the pumping head, the smaller the motor load. Under the misleading misconception, when choosing a water pump, the head of the pump is often chosen too high. In fact, for centrifugal pumps, when the pump model is determined, the power consumption is directly proportional to the actual flow rate of the pump. The flow rate of the water pump will decrease with the increase of the head, so the higher the head, the smaller the flow rate, and the smaller the power consumption. On the contrary, the lower the head, the greater the flow, and the greater the power consumed.
3. If there are too many elbows on the inlet pipeline of the centrifugal pump in the pipeline, it will increase local water flow resistance. And the elbow should turn in the vertical direction, and it is not allowed to turn in the horizontal direction to avoid gathering air.
4. When installing the water inlet pipeline, the horizontal section should be horizontal or upward. This will cause air to accumulate in the water inlet pipeline, reduce the vacuum degree of the water pipe and water pump, and reduce the suction head and water output of the water pump. The correct approach is to tilt the horizontal section slightly towards the direction of the water source, not horizontally, and not upward.
5. The inlet of the pipeline centrifugal pump is directly connected to the elbow, which will cause uneven distribution of water flow when passing through the elbow and entering the impeller. When the diameter of the inlet pipe is greater than that of the water pump inlet, an eccentric reducing pipe should be installed. The flat part of the eccentric reducer should be installed above, and the inclined part should be installed below. Otherwise, air will accumulate, water output will decrease or water cannot be pumped, and there will be a sound of impact. If the diameter of the inlet pipe is equal to that of the water pump inlet, a straight pipe should be added between the water pump inlet and the elbow, and the length of the straight pipe should not be less than 2-3 times the diameter of the water pipe.
6. If the outlet of the pipeline centrifugal pump is above the normal water level of the outlet pool, although the pump head is increased, the flow rate is reduced. If the water outlet must be higher than the water level of the water tank due to terrain conditions, elbows and short pipes should be installed at the pipe mouth to make the water pipe a siphon type and reduce the height of the water outlet.
7. When installing the bottom valve, the lower section of the inlet pipe is not vertical. If installed in this way, the valve cannot close on its own, causing water leakage. The correct installation method is to install the inlet pipe with a bottom valve, and ensure that the next section is vertical. If vertical installation is not possible due to terrain conditions, the angle between the water pipe axis and the horizontal plane should be above 60 °.
Piston Vacuum Pump of Fault and Elimination Method
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How to Outsmart Your Boss on kereta api indonesia
When you've bought a prepare structure set up on the flat desk, you might want to enable it to be far more intriguing by introducing some mountains and hills. There are actually a number of means To achieve this, and they're equally easy.™
Papier-Mâché Method
In the event your structure is short-term, or you don't want to spend much money, You may use the papier-mâché method. In essence, you simply scrunch up some newspapers into the final form with the hill or mountain, then cover them with sheets of newspaper dipped in papier-mâché paste.
The standard method of earning papier-mâché paste is so as to add one particular aspect drinking water to one part flour. Lots of people choose to boil the paste, indicating that it makes the consistency smoother. Drinking water to flour ratio is altered to five areas drinking water to 1 section flour In such cases. Other people use A 3 to at least one or even a just one to one ratio of water and polyvinyl acetate wood glue. Nevertheless Other folks state that starch tends to make a fantastic paste. Introducing a sprint of cinnamon to your mixture provides the paste a pleasant scent; adding a dash of salt and sugar lessens the chances of the products producing mould.
You just dip sheets of newspaper (fold them several occasions to produce them thicker) during the paste and drape them more than the scrunched up newspapers. The sheets will be tender and pliable, so mould them into hills and valleys as you want. Allow the papier-mâché dry right away. You will find that it is challenging and rigid, like a piñata.
Paint it which has a drinking water-based paint in shades of inexperienced (for grass) and brown (for Dust) and gray (for rock). You may as well use spray paint, but be sure it really is matte, not glossy, paint. While the paint is still moist, sprinkle some grass (obtainable within the passion store) or inexperienced-coloured sawdust. When the paint is dry, incorporate some lichen for bushes and trees (also offered at any passion shop).
Window Screening and Wood Supports
If your train format is long-lasting, a more strong approach to creating mountains and hills is to implement screening and wooden supports. This also has the benefit you can operate tracks within the mountain itself, giving you make the right supports. Mainly, you narrow wooden aid blocks to the appropriate dimensions, then drape window screening (referred to as "fly monitor" in Australia) in excess of the blocks, stapling the screen on the blocks. You should fasten the blocks to the desk with screws or nails to start with, so they don't go all over.
In order for you, it is possible to establish a 2nd monitor mattress all-around or with the mountain, elevated above the table. Merely use support blocks and plywood to create a rigid base for your keep track of.
When the screening is in place, pinch it in destinations to generate rugged edges, ditches, and valleys. Then blend up some frequent domestic plaster (available at any components retail outlet to repair holes in a plaster wall) and slobber it in excess of the display screen. There isn't any have to be careful, just ensure that each of the screen is roofed. A thicker plaster combine operates significantly better than a skinny blend, since the latter enables the display screen to indicate by.
When you get to your rugged vertical bits, use horizontal strokes of a knife to simulate rock cuts. Let the plaster dry right away and afterwards paint as explained higher than.
Lastly, end it off with lichen bushes and trees as ideal.
Remember Entry
While you are selecting how major to produce your mountain, and where by to position it, also give thought to derailments. Murphy's Legislation assures that, at some point, your train is going to derail from the tunnel through your mountain. Ensure that the tunnel entrance is substantial more than enough in order to achieve in and get your coach out.
Or look at these options: For those who have manufactured a papier-mâché mountain, rather than glued it on the table, you could merely elevate it from the table.
Should you have designed a permanent wood block and wire screen mountain, then contemplate chopping accessibility holes within the table, down below the mountain, so you can arrive at in and right the practice or eliminate it. Don't make the holes as well near the monitor, for the reason that If your teach does derail at that place, you don't want it to tumble with the hole on to the ground.
Graduate university gives a more specialised level of training and Improved, skilled instruction in a selected area. The most crucial determination in implementing to graduate college just isn't in choosing the establishment but fairly in pinpointing the most favorable place of analyze. Sad to say, the choice-generating process isn't going to conclusion there. Other considerations such as timing, location of review, money assist, and the coed populace should all be given appropriate interest.
With this publication, we provide tricks to jumpstart your quest for just a Master's or Doctoral diploma. We examine the common explanations for applying, the choice procedure, take a look at having, and the mandatory preparations resulting in attendance. These suggestions will give you insights into approaching the applying course of action with assurance and can function a reference as you experience the applying steps.
Good luck!
I. Top Reasons for Making use of to Graduate College
Job Modify/Advancement
Individuals with several several years of Operating experience generally recognize that their career route slowly gets limited, or maybe spares no place for Qualified expansion. Some also explore that their skill set is now not applicable for their area of exposure and subsequently pursue unique teaching of their field as a way to maneuver forward.
On many situations, a rank-and-file employee could have by now acquired a professional idea of how a company is managed, and will prefer to pursue a supervisory place in the corporate or in An additional business. Whether you are planning to swap careers or aiming for advancement, a graduate schooling can greatly offer additional overall flexibility.
Greater Salary
Higher earnings specifically correlate with greater schooling. Administration and/or supervisory positions are often limited to those with Innovative degrees, So restricting your earning possible if you do not have these enhancements. In line with scientific tests, a graduate degree holder in America can gain a median of 33% over another person using a bachelor's diploma on your own.
Individual Advancement/Mental Stimulation
Discounting future job and earnings possible, Other individuals decide to pursue graduate research simply because they appreciate to find out and they are genuinely keen on acquiring far more know-how on their own preferred industry.
II. Deciding if Graduate College is the best Option for You
Graduate faculty is ideal for those who love investigate and Finding out. It is not great for people who simply need to get far more programs, or for many who are in the rush to obtain a work.
Undergraduate research differs from graduate schooling in that it necessitates a lot more of your time and efforts, drive, and energy. It also entails forming Skilled and private relationships with professors together with other students. Normally, it problems you in what you want to achieve in your lifetime.
III. The correct Time for Graduate University
The best time for you to go after a complicated degree is situational. It is possible to embark on graduate faculty correct right after you receive your bachelor's diploma, a year just after graduation, or perhaps several decades later. If you are approaching graduation, and you have decided that graduate university is another stage for you, it might be handy in the event you ask yourself the next queries:
one) Are you presently All set for one more three to eight yrs of learning?
2) Do you have to acquire day off prior to shifting on to graduate faculty?
three) If you would like get time without work, why?
If the main reason for using break day is fatigue, then check with yourself if The 2 or three months of getaway prior to graduate faculty can help you revitalize yourself. For anyone who is certain that graduate school is the following phase for you, then there is not any cause why you must delay your application.
Ideal immediately after Graduation
If the expertise you obtained in the undergraduate schooling is specially appropriate for your graduate system, then this feature would be the appropriate one for you. Other factors for heading straight to graduate university involve your excellence to be a college student; your present-day standing of having several (or no) obligations, the two personally and monetarily; and also your fascination in pursuing a place of expertise that requires a graduate degree.
Take time to ensure that graduate school is best for your needs. State-of-the-art analyze demands a substantial number of inspiration and the opportunity to operate independently. In some cases, a trip from studying may possibly help intensify your commitment and enhance your abilities. As such, you might want to contemplate the following possibility.
After a Sufficient Rest Period
A lot of graduates have a yr off just before they start their graduate program. You may use this time to work, equally to help you fund your studies and to realize experience. Maybe, you just would like to travel. Should you be traveling, remember to apply for classes at the best time, holding in your mind that there's a chance you're asked to show up at an job interview or an admission exam. You will have to system perfectly forward, occasionally provided that 18 months prior to software. In the case of some overseas packages, it really is popular for students To place with each other a timeline ahead of they begin concentrating on their day without work.
It is crucial to recognize that pursuing a graduate diploma many decades right after undergraduate examine is just not uncommon. A while off can be valuable if it enhances your skills and primes you for your pressures and rigors of graduate faculty.
Soon after Doing the job Comprehensive-time
The explanations for attaining work practical experience prior to graduate college consist of buying an improved understanding of your Qualified aims, getting pertinent work expertise, and producing a far more dependable Perspective towards researching. If you understand ahead of time that you intend to go after a graduate schooling just after a number of decades of labor, hunt for an employer by using a tuition reimbursement program. Normally, businesses are prepared to finance component, or all, with the bills entailed in graduate review.
When Doing the job
The greatest proportion from the graduate college scholar populace includes element-time learners. The idea of supplemental schooling is a rising pattern mainly because fast business changes impact mencari mainan kereta api rail king Virtually all fields of experience. Continuing to operate, whether on an element time or maybe a full time basis, can even be a way of paying for fees incurred over the course within your graduate study.
IV. Learn's vs. Doctoral Degrees
It truly is a standard false impression that a future PhD college student ought to have a Master's diploma to enter a doctoral plan. Though majority of graduate programs do demand this, It's not often the case. It is better to perform your very own study and look into the degree requirements for the application in contrast to making an assumption. During this booklet, we offer many of the a lot more sizeable dissimilarities involving getting a Masteral in addition to a Doctoral applicant.
The Masteral Candidate
You might devote, on the standard, about two yrs in graduate school. The purpose of this software is always to present you with reliable training in a very specialised academic discipline
Your To start with Calendar year The enrollment method is similar to that for undergraduate examine. You might be required to satisfy the coursework specifications within your diploma. Having said that, the work will be heavier, the study course topics will likely be more specialized, and much more will probably be anticipated from you than after you were an undergraduate. With your adviser's assistance (decided on by you or assigned by the program), you are going to start to solidify your academic aim.
Your Second Calendar year It's possible you'll acquire extra Innovative lessons to accomplish your study course necessities. Acquiring identified your exploration direction, you may steadily expend a lot more effort and hard work towards the completion of your respective thesis. Depending on your pace, you might require a person semester or a whole academic 12 months that you should finish your masteral thesis, the objective of and that is to point out your mastery in your neighborhood of review.
The Doctoral Candidate
You will spend, on the average, 5 to six a long time in graduate college. The objective of This system is to give you comprehensive understanding of your area, prepare you to definitely carry out first and substantial study, and cause you to Prepared to be a member of a educating college.
Your Initially A few Several years You can enroll in classes to fulfill your degree specifications and obtain in depth understanding of your field of examine. You'll slowly create your research way, often consulting with an adviser (usually) appointed Firstly within your graduate study. By the end of your second or 3rd yr, you would've finished a thesis or taken detailed examinations, or equally. The thesis and/or examinations will permit your professors To judge your abilities to continue with doctoral research.
Your Very last Three Years Coursework becomes a minimal part of your tutorial workload, and should even disappear as you conceptualize your dissertation, a novel and sizeable contribution towards the accessible understanding in your specialization. You might train A lot more classes and step by step collaborate extra with senior school associates. You might kind an in depth Experienced romance with a school member who shares the identical exploration pursuits as you need to do, and he/she is going to turn into your dissertation adviser. Your application will stop Along with the completion within your dissertation, which may entail an oral defense of one's investigation just before a panel of college members and/or professionals in the sector that you are in.
V. Choosing a Graduate Application
The subsequent are a few of the extra crucial variables and queries that students have to have to consider and solution when determining on what graduate system to use to.
Specialty
This criterion will ultimately rely on your pursuits, but we usually propose position market consideration. Certain fields may possibly undertake constructive developments following a couple of years, while those who are at the moment experiencing rapid expansion could develop into stagnant.
Position
A graduate software's rating is critical for a few potential graduate learners. They feel that a program's rating signifies the standard of schooling they'll receive and the level of resources that will be accessible to them. However, distinctive resources of knowledge - school Web pages, released rankings, and independent ranking companies - all have distinct criteria for assessing a certain system. College students need to consequently know about the aspects which might be thought of in figuring out a plan's rating, in addition to the analysis techniques (if any) that are implemented.
Location
Spot can play a sizable Consider your graduate university working experience. You will create quite a few ties in graduate college and should consequently contemplate if the school within your choice is located in an area that you would probably contemplate living in. Alternatively, in case you are searching for temporary home in an area you haven't any intention of residing in permanently but need to are now living in for a couple of years, graduate faculty is an opportune time to gain that experience. Where ever you might be, you need to be relaxed with The situation because you will probably be (normally) being in that place for another two to eight a long time of your life. Some concerns you must talk to your self are the next: Will you be a lot more a fan of a small or big faculty? City or rural? State or city?
Cost
Take into account all direct and oblique prices (tuition, miscellaneous fees, books, and especially expense of residing) and The supply of economic assistance. The quantity of money support you receive usually will depend on whether you are pursuing a Grasp's diploma or even a PhD. It can be common to get a College or college or university to waive tuition prerequisites In case you are making use of to get a doctoral program. What's more, several PhD learners are supplied some method of funding or stipend.
Admission Requirements
It is better to choose a graduate application with stringent admissions expectations. Colleges with decreased admission necessities may possibly give a reduce high-quality of graduate instruction. Bulk of universities and universities make this sort of data accessible to the general public. Seek out the base demands for admission; these normally consist of the required undergraduate GPA and standardized examination scores.
Teaching Personnel
Narrowing down your software options will prove a lot easier For anyone who is definite about your study passions. It is recommended you utilize to programs where by the school customers have exploration pursuits that coincide with yours.
It has usually been stated that a graduate software is just as good as its school. It's important to find out from and practice beneath professors that are revered and acknowledged in their selected specialty. The simplest way to evaluate the caliber of a application would be to look at the proportion of courses taught by complete-time faculty. Simultaneously, indicators which include the volume of scholarly publications along with the Specialist expertise of your training personnel could also supply insights into the standing on the faculty.
Facilities
Verify if This system you want to implement to has the amenities/features that you just require. Can they offer you the instruments needed for your analysis? It's important to analyze if the "point out-of-the-artwork" amenities promoted by The college or College are really as claimed.
Time for Completion
Ask by yourself how promptly you want to finish This system. Do you want to finish in two decades? 3? Four? Do you have other strategies soon after earning your graduate diploma and so have to complete it inside a specific length of your time?
Vocation Preparing
If your cause for intending to graduate school is occupation connected, then it will be wise to determine what sorts of professional development things to do can be found in the program/university you might be pursuing. Are there possibilities for networking or training with real practitioners in the field of specialization you've got picked out?
Numerous learners adore the sphere of research They're
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Causes of oil leakage in electronic cigarette vaporizers
Causes of oil leakage in electronic cigarette vaporizers
4. Keep the nebulizer upright
Some atomizers cannot be placed horizontally for a long time. If you lay it flat overnight, e-juice may leak through the air intake. If it will not be used long, please try to keep the atomizer upright. If your battery needs to be charged, please remove the atomizer and keep it upright before setting it.
5. The air intake is closed or not enough
If your atomizer has a bottom air intake, and the air intake is accidentally closed or adjusted to the lowest level, less air will enter the airway and the suction resistance will become higher. But if you smoke too hard, because the pressure difference is too large, you may introduce too much e-juice into the atomizing core, resulting in full oil, and then leakage. Increase the intake air volume or reduce the suction force, and maintain a normal pressure difference to prevent the atomizer from leaking oil from the atomizing core.
6. The problem of atomizing core
Just like most mass-produced products, there will always be problems with the yield rate. Due to the huge number of e-cigarette manufacturers in our country, this situation often happens. In some cases, the atomizing core may have manufacturing defects, making it unable to store oil well, resulting in oil leakage. First, make sure your coil is screwed in correctly, if so, you need to replace the coil. In this case, it is best to try different batches of coils. If the problem persists, more complex possibilities are the other issues we cover below.
7. Clean your atomizer
If you haven't cleaned the atomizer in a while, the residue that builds up in the atomizer may affect the oil tank and cause oil leakage. The easiest way is to disassemble the atomizer, rinse all the parts of the atomizer core with water, and then dry them and install them. If you often change e-liquid, you need to clean up the atomizer frequently.
8. Check the atomizer for cracks
Check your atomizer for oil cracks and other damage. Small damage or deformed metal parts on the edge of the glass tank will make the oil tank no longer airtight, resulting in oil leakage. If your glass bin is damaged, please replace it with a spare bin in time. It doesn’t matter if the spare compartment is used. When the glass compartment and rubber ring are the same, it is an easy-to-buy accessory, as long as you know the model number.
9. Use e-liquid with proper viscosity
Regarding the high-power atomizing core, any e-liquid whose VG is lower than 70% has a chance of leaking due to the thinner PG and the size of the oil inlet hole of the atomizing core. Generally, the recommended e-liquid viscosity will be listed in the manual of the atomizer. According to general experience, the effect of the big smoke atomizer is 70% VG (30% PG) and above, and the taste atomizer can generally reach 70% VG. Check the label of your e-juice to acknowledge the PG/VG ratio.
10. Close the top cover
Due to the nature of atomizer pressure, if your atomizer is not covered with a top cap, it will also leak oil from the air inlet. Maybe you forget to do other things after refuelling, no matter the reason, you must pay attention to if your top cover will be open for a long time, please ensure that the fuel tank is empty. Closing the air intake will also have some effect, but it will not have a complete effect, so it is better to close the top cover in time.
Choraun is a professional e-cigarette manufacturer and China vape factory integrating R&D, production, sales and service. The company adheres to the "leading" e-cigarette development model, adheres to the e-cigarette brand development idea, pursues independent and individual e-cigarette products, and strives to dominate the e-cigarette consumption market and lead e-cigarette consumption behaviour.
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Windlass 101: Know All About Its Functions
A windlass is a device that’s used to get a boat anchor from below the water. Think of it as a nautical version of a winch that’s used on land vehicles to tow them out of a particular location if they break down. You know that an anchor is a valuable item in keeping an anchor in place to prevent your Cruise Craft boat from drifting away when it doesn’t need to leave the dock or someplace else you want to moor for awhile. So what is a windlass all about? And what are its uses? What are the important things to keep in mind when buying a windlass for your boat?
What are the Uses of a Windlass?
First, let's get to know what is a windlass all about. Windlass, as mentioned before, helps you retrieve your boat anchor easily so you don't need to manually pull up the anchor that you've thrown down the water after you are anchored on the spot. You can easily purchase a windlass in your local marine boat stores.
What are the Two Types of Windlass?
Horizontal Windlasses: These are installed completely above the deck which makes them easier to install since they’re straightforward and can be easily accessed for maintenance. The only downside of this is that the motor is completely exposed to elements like sunlight and seawater. They’re also required to be mounted on the bow roller since the ride must be directly in line with the gypsy. Horizontal windlasses also require less anchor locker space compared to vertical ones.
Vertical Windlasses: Vertical windlasses meanwhile, have their motor located below the deck. This is one of their best features since you don’t have to worry about the weather affecting them. However, the downside of this windlass is that it could corrode due to the damp conditions of your anchor locker. And since the vertical windlass is partly below the deck, installation and access for service are more difficult. Typically, vertical windlasses have 180 degrees of chain wrapped around the gypsy, making them very secure compared to horizontal windlasses that only have half the bearing area.
What are Windlass Chains?
Windlass chains basically come in two types: BBB chain and HT chain. It’s important to know which type of chain your windlass will accept because one is not compatible with the other. Here are some differences between BBB and HT chain:
HT Chains: This is the most common type of chain that windlasses accept. They are very popular for their high-load limit which can reach more than 9,000 lbs. They’re widely used because they provide a uniform fitment for different windlasses as long as they have the “HT” mark.
BBB and Proof Coil Chains: This used to be the gold standard for windlass chains but has fallen out of favour for HT chains. You won’t match windlasses with an “HT” mark and generally have a working load far lower than the HT chain.
The windlass chains’ load limit determines their durability. As a general rule, bigger chain size means higher strength. And since there’s only one chain size and type that fit many windlasses, the 5/16″ HT chain is mostly preferred. Take note, you can’t fit just about any chain size to your windlass except the one that’s specified by the product manufacturer because it can easily damage your windlass.
Mounting a Windlass
If you’ll be installing a vertical windlass on your boat, you may create two holes on the foredeck; one for the motor and the other where the chain can be fed down. For electric windlasses, be very careful of the wires’ size and how the wires run from the batteries to the chain locker.
When using a windlass, here are some tips you should follow to avoid accidents and ensure your windlass works properly:
Keep your hands away from the moving parts such as the chain, gypsy, etc., so you don’t get hurt. If you have an electric windlass, the power panel should be “on” otherwise, your windlass remote won’t work. Let out 5x the amount of anchor chain based on water depth. Doing this helps you snugly cling your anchor to the bottom. You don't want it to be too loose or too tight.
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