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The Wrath of Rampjaar: The Death and Destruction of Johan De Witt
The 1600s was a difficult chapter for human life. All over the world wars tore at the seams of land and families, and those that did not fall in battle found themselves vulnerable to falling from disease and plague brought on by forces that could not yet be understood. Many things that could not be explained resulted in further violence, fanaticism, death, and destruction dealt from one hand only to be horrifically felt by the other. Breakthroughs in science, exploration, and the arts collided with religious extremism and prejudice as humanity as a whole spun on, seemingly with chaos in every corner.
The Netherlands were one part of the world with turmoils erupting within their borders. In 1672 the country formerly known as the Dutch Republic was seeing the end of the “Dutch Golden Age” with simultaneous wars with England, France, and two German cities. The year 1672 would enter the history books as the Rampjaar, The Disaster Year. The Dutch people coined a phrase to describe this most unfortunate time: “The people were irrational, the government helpless, and the country beyond salvation.”
Allegory of the Disaster Year by Jan van Wijckersloot (1673). Image via Wikipedia.
Although it was obvious there were multiple problems facing the Dutch Republic in the 1672, some believed the problems took root decades earlier. William II Prince of Orange died of smallpox in 1650 leaving the Dutch with no official leader (referred to as a Stadholder.) It was this same year that Johan De Witt began to make his mark in the politics of the region. Johan’s family were bitter rivals of the Oranges and as De Witt began to move up the political ladder he allegedly (with the help of his powerful father who spent time in prison for his involvement in a coup d'etat of William II) quietly made moves and had words written into political documents to keep the young William III or any member of the Orange family from ruling. This allowed wheels to be set in motion to form a fully Republican regime with De Witt at the helm. After holding a number of high-standing positions he was elected to the role of Grand Pensionary of Holland in 1653, essentially making him the ruler of all Dutch provinces.
By the time the 1672 Year of Disaster loomed over the Dutch Republic the people had already endured enough war and horror to last a lifetime under the eye of Johan De Witt. There were the Anglo-Dutch Wars which threatened the land, but De Witt remained focused on the sea, taking every step possible to protect the economic interests in shipping and trading that filled his pockets while paying little mind to the forces surrounding the Dutch at their front doors. He also made it a point to delay the appointment of William III as captain general. The stubbornness of De Witt would have deep consequences when in May 1672 Louis XIV invaded the Dutch Republic, thus beginning the third Anglo-Dutch War.
Portrait of Johan De Witt by Adriaen Hanneman (1652). Image via Wikipedia.
As troops moved straight into the heart of their homeland the exhausted Dutch people felt betrayed by their leadership and all eyes turned to Johan De Witt. Some were content to simply, but loudly, voice their opinions that the House of Orange should take back their power by any means necessary. Others showed their feelings of anger and betrayal in much more aggressive ways. On June 21st 1672 Johan De Witt was attacked by a man who was armed with a knife and an intent to kill. The assailant did succeed in brutally stabbing him, but he survived. Johan’s brother Cornelis was also feeling the pressure of the simmering public and on July 24th he was arrested under charges of treason against the House of Orange. He was brought to prison in The Hauge where he was tortured in order to obtain a confession. While his brother was recovering from being nearly assassinated, Cornelis was refusing to confess to any wrongdoing and was eventually sentenced to exile.
Being attacked with a malicious blade changed De Witt and after a lengthy recovery he resigned from his position on August 4th 1672. At the time of his resignation his brother Cornelis was still wallowing in prison with his exile looming. On August 20th Johan visited his brother at the prison to assist him and see him off on what was supposed to be his date of forever departure from his homeland. It is unknown what the pair discussed that day, but it is almost certain they had no clue what was about to happen. Yes, Johan resigned and Cornelis was exiled, but the Dutch people were not ready to let the brothers walk peacefully away into a new chapter while they were left with suffering and debt that could follow them for generations. As the brothers talked in the prison they were attacked by a mob that were set on tearing them limb from limb.
The Murder of the de Witt Brothers by Pieter Fris. Image via Wikipedia.
What unfolded was a scene that was feral, ferocious, and that has gone down in history through eyewitness accounts and multiple pieces of art. The mob ravaged the De Witt brothers. They were dragged into the street, shot, stripped of their clothing, and taken to the public gallows. If the brothers thought their end would be found in a broken neck at the end of a hangman’s noose they were terribly wrong. Once strung up the mob began to take souvenirs. Some accounts report that their eyes were stolen, others say they were later cut into pieces and distributed to the masses, and while that is up for debate one thing that is certain is that their bodies were sliced open, their livers stolen, and the organs were then roasted and consumed by those in attendance. After a lifetime of prestige and twenty years in power, Johan De Witt departed life alongside his brother after being mutilated and cannibalized by his own countrymen.
The Corpses of the De Witt Brothers by Jan de Baen. Image via Wikipedia.
With De Witt gone power went to William III of Orange, the same man who had his appointment as captain general stalled by De Witt and the son of William II whose death was used by De Witt and his father to make the turn to the Republican force that they hoped would keep the House of Orange out of power for good.
Whether William III had a hand in planning the attack and death of the De Witt brothers is debated to this day with answers unknown.
Today the prison where the De Witt brothers spent their last moments on earth still stands and has been repurposed as a history and art museum.
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Sources:
That Time the Dutch ate their Prime Minister by Vlad Moca-Grama. DutchReview.com, March 3rd 2023. https://dutchreview.com/culture/dutch-history-crowds-ate-prime-minister/
A Dark and Stormy Bite: That Time a Bunch of Dutch People ate Their Prime Minister by Lillian Stone. TheTakeout.com, January 15th 2021. https://thetakeout.com/a-dark-and-stormy-bite-that-time-a-bunch-of-dutch-peop-1846044366
Johan De Witt. Encyclopedia.com.https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/johan-de-witt
#husheduphistory#featuredarticles#history#forgottenhistory#strangehistory#weirdhistory#tragichistory#historyclass#truestory#truth is stranger than fiction#DutchHistory#NetherlandsHistory#JohanDeWitt#ShockingHistory#horrorhistory#sadstory#HollandHistory
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I was blessed enough to be featured in the #3 Issue June 2022 of Australasian Martial Arts Mag. 🙏
In here, I talk about my Martial Arts journey and how I started, ShadowBox HQ, Shadow Martial Arts and our new business venture, MAI.
Click here to read: https://bit.ly/3yyh9Za
@shadowboxhq
@shadowmartialarts1
@marketingagencyintegrated
@martialartsaustralia
@clubmanagerau
#AMA#article#AustralasianMartialArts#blackbelt#boxing#business#digital#digitalagency#dojo#featuredarticle#feature#fitness#gym#magazine#MAI#marketing#marketingagency#marketingagencyintegrated#martialarts#mindset#motivation#personaltrainer#shadowboxhq#shadowmartialarts#sydney#training#virtual#virtualassistant
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#featuredarticle#freelancing ph#freelancing#general virtual assistant#virtual assistance#freelancing journey#freelancing career#remote worker#JM GVA Services
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Best Dietician Near Me
Browsing for “best dietician near me”, but couldn’t find the right one? Get in touch with Healthsake. Pritika Bedi is a renowned dietitian and nutritionist in Chandigarh and provides the best health advice. Book an Appointment Today.
#diet ideas#dietician#featuredarticle top newissues coverstory selfcare newmagazine lifestyle fitnessmotivation exercise eatclean healthyeating training dietplan
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https://journals.lww.com/plasreconsurg/Abstract/2023/03000/Long_Term_Outcome_of_Primary_Rhinoplasty_with.29.aspx?context=FeaturedArticles&collectionId=2
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フロントフォークが長いバイクがほしい。
チョッパーじゃなくて、diggerなやつ。
https://www.motomegane.com/news-release/featuredarticles/diggercustom_20220426
AKIRAの6巻の終盤の終盤で山形が乗ってるようなバイク↗。
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The upcoming Star Wars Visions isn't the first time a sci-fi franchise had an anime-style anthology series. In 2009, Halo got its own with Halo Legends! We recommend giving it a watch!
What's your favorite short from the anthology?
Fun extra fact: Two of the shorts, The Duel and Homecoming, were produced by Production I.G., a studio that is also contributing to that Star Wars: Visions with the short The Ninth Jedi!
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Park Shin-hye is a South Korean actress and singer. She is born on February 18, 1990. She gained recognition for starring in melodrama Stairway to Heaven in the year 2003. Considered one of the most famous actress of her age.
After graduating from Youngpa Girls High School, Park Shin-hye attended Chung-Ang University. She studied there for eight years, then graduated with a degree in Theater in February 2016. Park Shin-hye received a service award at the convocation ceremony for her achievement as an artist ambassador for the university.
Park Shin-hye made her first appearance on music video "Flower" by singer Lee Seung Hwan, then she had her formal training in singing, dancing and acting.
Park Shin-hye has participated regularly in charitable causes; such as the 'Hopes, Dreams, Happy Trip to Korea' fund raising event. She also makes donations to charitable causes regularly.
In 2009, Park Shin-hye established the "Shinhye's Centre" in Ghana, which included a library and audio visual hall. A second center was built in Manila, Philippines in 2016. She has a sponsored child named Abanne.
Park Shin-Hye is the first Korean star to be chosen as a model for Visa, and the first Korean celebrity to be chosen as a global ambassador for Austrian jewelry, British jewellery and a ambassador for Korea.
This are the list of Park Shin-hye's DRAMA:
* Sisyphus: The Myth (Main Role)
Korean Drama, 2020, 16 episodes
*Memories of the Alhambra (Main Role)
Korean Drama, 2018, 16 episodes
*Temperature of Love (Guest Role)
Korean Drama, 2017, 40 episodes
*Go Ho's Starry Night (Guest Role)
Korean Drama, 2016, 20 episodes
*Doctors (Main Role)
Korean Drama, 2016, 20 episodes
*Entertainer (Guest Role)
Korean Drama, 2016, 18 episodes
*Pinocchio (Main Role)
Korean Drama, 2014, 20 episodes
*The Heirs (Main Role)
Korean Drama, 2013, 20 episodes
*Fabulous Boys (Guest Role)
Taiwanese Drama, 2013, 13 episodes
*Flower Boy Next Door (Main Role)
Korean Drama, 2013, 16 episodes
*The King of Dramas (Guest Role)
Korean Drama, 2012, 18 episodes
*Heartstrings (Main Role)
Korean Drama, 2011, 15 episodes
*Hayate the Combat Butler (Main Role)
Taiwanese Drama, 2011, 20 episodes
*My Girlfriend is a Gumiho (Guest Role)
Korean Drama, 2010, 16 episodes
*You're Beautiful (Main Role)
Korean Drama, 2009, 16 episodes
*High Kick Through the Roof! (Guest Role)
Korean Drama, 2009, 126 episodes
*Bicheonmu (Support Role)
Korean Drama, 2008, 14 episodes
*Kimcheed Radish Cubes (Main Role)
Korean Drama, 2007, 44 episodes
*Goong S (Support Role)
Korean Drama, 2007, 20 episodes
*Tree of Heaven (Main Role)
Korean Drama, 2006, 10 episodes
*Seoul 1945 (Guest Role)
Korean Drama, 2006, 71 episodes
*Cute Or Crazy (Support Role)
Korean Drama, 2005, 17 episodes
*Not Alone (Support Role)
Korean Drama, 2004, 18 episodes
*Stairway to Heaven (Support Role)
Korean Drama, 2003, 20 episodes
Park Shin-hye's MOVIE:
*Call (Main Role)
Korean Movie, 2020
*#Alone (Main Role)
Korean Movie, 2020
*Heart Blackened (Main Role)
Korean Movie, 2017
*My Annoying Brother (Support Role)
Korean Movie, 2016
*The Beauty Inside (Main Role)
Korean Movie, 2015
*The Royal Tailor (Main Role)
Korean Movie, 2014
*One Perfect Day (Main Role)
Korean Movie, 2013
*Miracle in Cell No. 7 (Support Role)
Korean Movie, 2013
*Cyrano Agency (Main Role)
Korean Movie, 2010
*Evil Twin (Main Role)
Korean Movie, 2007
*Love Phobia (Support Role)
Korean Movie, 2006
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Very proud of @reneeroyale’s featured article published in @departuresmag, covering @jamearichmondedwards current show “Fly Girl Fly” on display at @kravetswehbygallery. Check out the link in our bio to read more and be sure to check out the show, which closes April 28th. 🙌🏾🎨 . . #supportblackart #jamearichmondedwards #flygirlfly #reneeroyale #departuresmag #featuredarticle #published #artworld #blackgirlmagic #artofvisuals #visualart #womenartists #blackgirlfly #blackart #contemporaryart #kravetswehbygallery #artandculture #nycartscene #nycartgallery #detroitartist #womensupportingwomen (at Kravets Wehby Gallery)
#blackart#nycartgallery#flygirlfly#visualart#blackgirlmagic#contemporaryart#published#artworld#departuresmag#jamearichmondedwards#featuredarticle#artandculture#blackgirlfly#nycartscene#reneeroyale#detroitartist#artofvisuals#womensupportingwomen#womenartists#kravetswehbygallery#supportblackart
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Throwback to the max: missin’ creating zine and sharing them to the world personally as in ako mismo mag-aabot physically. The ‘Zoom era’ is driving me crazy. Anything digital seems too cold para sa akin. Iba yung warm ng skin and smile you can see beyond face mask eh after mong madam na that person likes the zine you’ve created and dineklara mo na sa puso, isipan, at kaluluwa mo na he/she/they is a comrade for liking the same thing as yours kasi piece of your self mo yung zine na nilikha mo. Tis a #throwback article from 2019 during my very first zine creation. Link: https://www.bworldonline.com/women-have-their-say-at-a-small-press-festival/ 🖌🌈🎨😎 #zine #artozine #zinemaking #wheninmanila #CulturalCenterofthePhilippines #GantalaPress #CCP #smallpress #businessworld #featuredarticle #art #artwork #artph #manilaart #asianart #asianartist #design #visualarts #conceptualart #contemporaryart #newsarticle #asia #southeastasia (at Cultural Center of the Philippines) https://www.instagram.com/p/CK-rXW9nZqZjl_RcPwcRiyuvuOyokShSa8Pz800/?igshid=tc1oiniz6jy5
#throwback#zine#artozine#zinemaking#wheninmanila#culturalcenterofthephilippines#gantalapress#ccp#smallpress#businessworld#featuredarticle#art#artwork#artph#manilaart#asianart#asianartist#design#visualarts#conceptualart#contemporaryart#newsarticle#asia#southeastasia
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Strange in Chains: Two Prisoners with Stories that go much Deeper that the Surface
The Pakistani town of Charsadda has witnessed first-hand how quickly war and time can transform a place. Originally called Dheri, the town is said to have been originally settled by Pashtun tribes from Afghanistan who were fleeing persecution. The location of Dheri attracted a great deal of attention and over time it became heavily populated by the Sikhs who established a monopoly of businesses there. In the 1830s aggressive hands brought a time of change to the town and its inhabitants. Some endured the shifts, some succumbed, and in one case there are some responsible entities that are still standing outside in their chains nearly two centuries later.
In 1835 the town of Dheri’s name was changed to Sikho Dheri and in the same year Maharaja Ranjit Singh laid the foundation to Fort Shankar Gah, which would also undergo a name change in 1876 and then become known as Shabqadar. The Maharajah built a formidable Sikh army, trained by European generals with experience in major battles like the Battle of Waterloo, and they helped keep an eye on some of the many factions that were looking to take power in the region surrounding Shabqadar. By 1840 the Maharaja had passed away but his son Maharaja Sher Singh was in power, and he was there when the fort was attacked by a large number of Mohmand warriors. It was a bloody battle that lasted until the morning sun rose, and in the end the Sikhs were victorious in pushing the opposing forces out of the fort. They may have come out the victors, but it came with a high human cost. Infuriated, Maharajah Sardar Sher Singh demanded to know who was responsible for the warriors getting into the fort and he demanded an investigation be carried out to determine who was behind the breech in security.
One of the Europeans that trained the Sikh army as part of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s court was General Ventura Jean Baptiste, and he just happened to be in the area. After being recruited to conduct the investigation as to how the warriors were able to gain access inside the fort General Baptiste poured over the incident gathering evidence and examining the facts. Finally, after two days, he had his culprit.
When General Baptiste announced his verdict it was shocking, but the accused had nothing to say. He formally declared that the doors, the twelve-foot tall wooden doors to the fort, the doors that failed to hold back the invasion, were the guilty party. A jury of two men agreed and the two doors were sentenced to be imprisoned by chains for one hundred years.
The fort doors under arrest at Shabqadar. Image via travelpangs.com.
It is unknown exactly why the blame was officially placed on the doors as opposed to any of the people involved in the altercation. Each door was chained to a tower, and although their sentence ended in 1940, they still remain there to this day. A plaque tells visitors of their alleged crime and sentence, reading:
“The weeping willows: In the winter of 1840, a Mohmand Lashkar (War party) succeeded in breaking down these gates. The then Sikh Maharaja Sher Singh (Ranjit Singh son) had them court martialed for treason. The French General Jean Ventura headed the proceedings which lasted two days, having found them guilty as charged, the gates were sentenced to 100 years’ imprisonment. They are languishing enchained ever since.”
Approximately two hours west of Shabqadar is another unfortunate prisoner. In 1898 a British Army officer named James Squid was stumbling through the town of Landi Kotal after having a few too many drinks and he saw a threatening figure, a Banyan tree. Convinced that the tree was moving, and even following him, he ordered the mess sergeant to place the tree under arrest. The sergeant obliged, placing the tree in multiple heavy chains extending from the branches to the ground.
The Banyan tree under arrest. Image via amusingplanet.com.
Visitors today can still visit the tree, which tells its story through a sign that plainly states:
“I am under arrest. One evening a British officer heavily drunk thought that I was moving from my original location and ordered mess sergeant to arrest me since then I am under arrest.”
Though originating as what some might see as a humorous story, the tree is seen by many as a solemn reminder of the chapters of Pakistan’s past that are deeply intertwined with the British. Pakistan gained their independence from England in 1947 but when the Banyan tree was arrested it was in the midst of British colonialism. Today the image of the tree in chains represents that oppressiveness and how the people of Pakistan were treated during that time and represents the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR), laws drafted specifically in opposition to British Raj and their rule. As expressed by a local photojournalist, the tree “shows the oppression of British rule in the subcontinent and just imagine if a British officer could put a tree in chains then how were they treating the locals of that era?"
Today both Shabqadar and the Banyan tree are visited by thousands of people each year as tourist attractions but their stories go far deeper than just inanimate objects officially placed under arrest. The failed fort doors and the innocent tree tell stories of both individual incidents and whole timeframes that are written deeply into the complex and rich history of Pakistan and how it is still imprinted on the country today.
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Sources:
The Weeping Willows of Shabqadar, Pakistan. Travelpangs.com. August 10 2020. https://www.travelpangs.com/post/the-weeping-willows-of-shabqadar
The Doors that won't Open by Syed Rizwan Mahboob. September 13 2015. https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/559381-doors-sentenced-100-years-shabqadar-fort
The Doors of Shabqadar Fort by Sadaf Shahzad. June 24 2021. https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/the-doors-of-shabqadar-fort/MjAyOA
Colonial rustlings: Under the shade of the chained banyan tree. Published in The Express Tribune, January 6th, 2013. https://tribune.com.pk/story/489734/colonial-rustlings-under-the-shade-of-the-chained-banyan-tree/
This chained, century-old tree in Pakistan is a perfect metaphor for colonialism by Ishaan Tharoor. September 3 2016.https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/09/03/this-chained-century-old-tree-in-pakistan-is-a-perfect-metaphor-for-colonialism/
The Tree That Was Arrested by Kaushik Patowary. September 6 2016. https://www.amusingplanet.com/2016/09/the-tree-that-was-arrested.html
Tree in Pakistan remains ‘under arrest’ for 120 years by By Islamuddin Sajid. February 5 2018. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/tree-in-pakistan-remains-under-arrest-for-120-years/1132523
#husheduphistory#featuredarticles#truestory#historyclass#truth is stranger than fiction#pakistan#PakistanHistory#LegalHistory#oddlandmarks#strange history#oddhistory#quiethistory#lesserknownhistory#more than meets the eye
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LOOK CHIC.
Ola amigas!
They always say that you can never go wrong in black. My sense of style is my bullets in firing a good impression, others may not like it but i couldn't careless, i love my own self of style but im always in for an inspiration.
I always go for a street style that comfortable yet looking chic at the same time, with the tight black longsleeves shirt that hugs my body perfectly, and my tattered jeans that enhance my body shape and a pair of white converse, cannot only makes you look cool but like an off duty model. And with the right poses, good lighting, and a 'bes' photographer im sure you're gonna look fabulous.
Remember don't let the clothes wear you let you wear the clothes. 💛
-E
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#R2R Featured in “Voyage Dallas“ The Road to Rediscovery Podcast is featured in Voyage Dallas magazine! SO thrilled to share this with the community!!
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Sustainable weight loss program
Tired of looking fatty, try something new to lose weight. Pritika Bedi is running a sustainable weight loss program by her mission Healthsake, to encourage people to lose weight sustainably..Visit now: https://healthsake.in/sustainable-weight-loss/
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BusinessWeek Mindanao Thank you Ercel Maandig #gilmacaibay #fashiondesigner #fashion #lifestyle #featuredarticle #printmedia #BusinessWeek Mindanao #OnFocis #MindanaoDaily #CDO #Hazmat #FaceMask #ppe #supportlocal (at Gil Macaibay Fashion Studio) https://www.instagram.com/p/CCGBGRHps-p/?igshid=9cbx0202ysr0
#gilmacaibay#fashiondesigner#fashion#lifestyle#featuredarticle#printmedia#businessweek#onfocis#mindanaodaily#cdo#hazmat#facemask#ppe#supportlocal
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LAYNE THE LEGEND Part II is now published! By @musicbankchristy - she’s sharing her personal memories of Layne Staley with all of us! Here’s the link - https://nehistripes.com/2019/05/02/layne-the-legend-part-ii/ #laynestaley #aliceinchains #laynethelegend #nehistripesmusiczine #musicbankchristy #featuredarticle #alicenchains (at Seattle, Washington) https://www.instagram.com/p/Bw-8Mr7lrOg/?igshid=1xh9io9560hjc
#laynestaley#aliceinchains#laynethelegend#nehistripesmusiczine#musicbankchristy#featuredarticle#alicenchains
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