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#empedocles
funeral · 5 months
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Carlo Michelstaedter, Persuasion and Rhetoric
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philosophybits · 4 months
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Equal to itself on all sides, and wholly without limit, a rounded sphere, exulting in its joyous solitude ... only mind, holy and indescribable, darting through the entire kosmos with swift thoughts.
Empedocles, Fragments, B28 & B134
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gaycrouton · 9 months
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I love the dynamic between Scully and Doggett, and I think the parallel between his son’s death and his desire to protect Scully from what he experienced is so powerful.
We know his son tragically died, but it isn’t until Empedocles that we know just how much his experience of finding him mirrored Scully’s (i.e, stumbling across the dead body discarded carelessly in a field).
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From approaching a group of people huddled around the body to your partner looking at you with despair, he’s been in her shoes
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He knows what it’s like to see the body of someone you love more than anything lying lifelessly in a field.
I know him pulling Scully back is frustrating to us as viewers. We’ve watched Mulder and Scully for seven years, we know the depth of their love for one another, and it can be aggravating seeing someone coming in between them in such a devastating moment.
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But thinking of it from his perspective is so heartbreaking.
He is haunted by the memory of seeing his son like that. That is how he remembers his little boy. It was cruel, senseless, and (until Release) a mystery.
He wanted to spare Scully from having that with Mulder.
If I’m remembering correctly, Reyes even said seeing him unmoving next to his son in that field was haunting, he was paralyzed with grief and shock.
Doggett was trying to do Scully a kindness because he’s still haunted from when he experienced something hauntingly similar.
Again, we don’t get to know that was his motivation until a few episodes later. But with how similar the framing was, we know that it was a purposeful parallel.
It’s heartbreaking to think Reyes recognized the similarities at the time they found Mulder, and she knew how re-traumatizing that would be for Doggett.
She watched him relive the worst moment of his life and try to intervene to prevent someone from experiencing what he did.
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It reminds me of how Skinner knew how awful it was to deliver heart-shattering news and chose to intervene and save Scully from having to do it.
In both cases, it may feel like it wasn’t their place, but it came from a place of empathetic kindness.
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randomfoggytiger · 8 months
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"Proving" Mulder Knew He Was the Father of Scully's Baby
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(Had to get this out before the next part of Mulder's Alien Baby Baby Trauma series; so... here we go~!)
Mulder knew he was the father of Scully's baby before Three Words began; and his reticence had everything to do with his PTSD, guilt, and fear and nothing to do with feeling replaced by his partner's child. His ending monologue in Existence further proves this, concluding Mulder's emotional turbulence: "I think what we feared were the possibilities. The truth we both knew."
But how is that to be proven?
Cutting Out Context to Bait the Mystery
According to the script (uploaded here by @x-files-scripts, thank you~), Scully very casually mentions how far along she is separate from her concerns about (and to) Mulder. Mulder doesn't react to this information at all, meaning whatever his reticence and withdrawal were rooted in had nothing to do with feeling replaced as the father of her child.
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Throughout their conversation, Mulder tries to keep Scully from digging deeper into his emotions or trauma, deflecting with humor or emotional separation. Scully finally directly addresses his distance; and (though a bit out-of-order from how it aired), the scene below makes two things very obvious:
SCULLY: Mulder --
MULDER: (cutting her off) -- whatever you're going to say, Scully, I'm sorry. I don't mean to be cold. Or ungrateful to you.
SCULLY: I don't know if you can truly understand what it was like.... And now to get you back....
MULDER manages a smile, finally. But only barely.
MULDER: You act like you're surprised.
Scully manages a chuckle, but she's truly worried about him.
SCULLY: I prayed so many nights. And my prayers were answered, Mulder.
MULDER: In more ways than one.
MULDER looks to Scully's stomach. Which she touches.
SCULLY: Yes.
MULDER: I'm so truly happy for you. I know what it means to you --
SCULLY: Mulder --
MULDER: (cuts her off again) -- but I'm having trouble processing any of this. I don't know why I'm here, or where I fit in anymore. I feel strange. Like this can't be happening.
SCULLY nods. Anything she had wanted to tell him will wait.
SCULLY: That's what I've been saying to myself for the last eight months.
What Scully "had wanted to tell him" had nothing to do with her child's paternity nor was that even a concern because she, as mentioned above, says "the last eight months" effortlessly. (An important note: because they kept no show bible, the writers forgot Mulder was missing three months and buried another three; but the intent behind that line is the same even if there isn't or wasn't a numbers problem to quibble over.)
"The last eight months" comes at the tail end of the conversation without a remark or quip from Mulder's perspective, meaning this wasn't news enough for him to comment on or even react to. Scully's statement bookended their discussion, meaning she wasn't drawing it out longer or forcing information down Mulder's throat that he wasn't ready to process. Since that is the case, both knew the problem wasn't her pregnancy (though it was a stressful factor) but was another, bigger concern.
Devil's advocate: Scully was trying to tell Mulder the baby was his-- Gillian Anderson's expressions debunk this theory, but we'll press on-- and the months referred to was how long Mulder was "gone": in which case, Scully being hugely pregnant would have been a huge tip off for her partner regardless; and Mulder, for as much as he is avoiding the obvious this episode, is not stupid.
By cutting up the script-- taking out important context and removing crucial lines-- the audience is left to speculate on information that what was intended to be understated yet obvious (though unconfirmed until the finale episodes.) Chris Carter and Spotnitz have already stated they'd baited Scully's pregnancy as much as they could (one such interview here, credit to @babygirlmulder1018 for the upload~) while always planning for Mulder to be the father. The problem with their method is that they sacrificed necessary clarity for ambiguity, leaving the actors to scramble or fill in the butchered gaps as much as they could with implied body language. Three Words Mulder's affectionate, though fleeting, glances at Scully's belly or Scully's heightening worry for his well-being are debatable clues, all dependent on the viewer's interpretation (even when rewatched with hindsight.) The key to any good mystery is to have all the puzzle pieces in place so that it makes sense when you go back and see them all line up. Cutting out important clues early just to bait the mystery is foolhardy, especially when those gaps are never filled-in with any answers; and The X-Files show, while built around unsolved or unresolved mysteries, always provided a likely explanation (even if that explanation was later revealed to not be entirely true.) It's a shame that this premediated action thoughtlessly skewed the reading of the scene so badly that it took away from its original intent-- Scully's worries over her partner as he becomes more and more lost in his trauma-- and turned it widely into a "bet he's jealous or feels left behind because Scully moved on without him" interpretation, muddying it for viewers over the decades to come.
It's not the first time a script has been stripped of its original intent to fit the vision of the showrunners (often to the frustration to the various writers, actors, directors, etc.); but there is a marked difference between the tampering done to, for example, David Duchovny's personal ideas and scripts in keeping with the mythos of the show (Cinefantastique: David Duchovny on "The Unnatural" and "Hollywood A.D.") and specifically removing an important piece of dialogue to intentionally blur a scene for "the mystery" without that action serving any goal other than obfuscation... and, ultimately, confusion.
Mulder Himself Proves He Knew
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According to the script, Scully's concerns started in her partner's hospital room when Mulder's non-reaction snags her notice twice in a row:
"His reaction is so underwhelming that Scully has to laugh" and
"The doctor has to chuckle, looking to Scully. But Scully isn't humored now. She reads something in Mulder past the humor. And Mulder catches her sensing it. That he is deeply troubled."
"Mulder catches her sensing it" is a crucial piece of information, smoothly setting up the scene at his apartment-- Mulder doesn't ice Scully out (always responding to her pleas with mustered up but equal sympathy and sorrow) but he avoids her eyes as much as possible, not wanting to be read, to be "exposed." THAT is what concerns Scully-- never before in their partnership has he evaded eye contact, likely seeking it more often than any other person on the planet. But Mulder (also likely more than anyone) knows that eyes are the window to the soul; and he doesn't want his bared yet.
The tricky part of the ensuing scenes is not to mistake his avoidance of Scully's detection with his avoidance of the baby. Mulder is avoiding everything equally-- but he will still spare a moment for his partner or his baby here and there before snatching away his focus again, dodging any opportunity that might lead to vulnerability.
At his apartment, Mulder turns aside whenever he can or spreads a plaster-fake grin on his face when in conversation;
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but it melts into sincerity after he finally acknowledges the baby in the room. It's not quite happiness, but it is a form of contentment and a little pride (similar to his look on the couch in Empedocles.)
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When Scully wants to commit anarchy over Kersh's tyrannical terms, Mulder squashes that impulse flat, sparing a strained but still sincere smile as he directs her attention to the pragmatic fact of her baby.
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(It's not until "Agent Who?" comes across Mulder's radar that he starts to stiffen against Scully's reticence. Again, not about the baby.)
The last significant mention of Scully's pregnancy is in her kitchen at her apartment. TLG drop in to do their research... and to refocus Mulder on his impending miracle ("a certain blessed event") and away from his crazy mission. Mulder's amused at first with their commentary (as is Scully), giving an exaggeratedly suspicious, comedic squint (which Scully follows up with a witty repartee on his investigative methods)--
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until he figures out his partner's ulterior machinations. (The tensions that trail them both the rest of the episode are because of Scully's interferences and not-- again-- because of the baby.)
Those are the only direct references to the baby in Three Words, although Scully does tag along on his madcap mission with TLG); and Empedocles starts out in the spirit of the kitchen scene above-- Mulder squinting about the pizza man, ribbing Scully lightly, and enjoying getting ribbed in return-- but with the added bonus of some unfiltered, heartfelt moments of a man fully embracing fatherhood.
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So why, if the original intent of the struggle of Three Words wasn't about the paternity question, does Mulder still struggle with doubts the rest of the series. Well... what were his paternity doubts?
Paternity Doubts
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Mulder knew (logically) that his partner wouldn't run into the arms of another man or through the doors of the nearest IVF clinic just because he was chucked six feet under; but that reassurance gave him nothing to stand firmly on since both of their lives revolved around clones, aliens, and even a little girl that was born (and died) to serve an agenda.
Scully had been used over and over against her consent and was ultimately stripped of her fertility; and even though Mulder once said "never give up on a miracle", the IVF had failed, and there had been months of regular extracurricular activities since without even a thought of a baby on either of their radars. But somehow, the minute he vanishes off the planet, she finds out she's pregnant? The exact same somehow he was abducted and somehow returned and somehow resurrected? It doesn't add up; and Mulder's motto has always been "I want to believe."
"I have the same doubts you do, Scully," he said in the Pilot; and those doubts haunt him in Three Words; and (although they are temporarily set aside during the off-screen conversation Mulder has with his partner before Empedocles) they remain, along with his fears, buried under the surface-- as demonstrated by his opening monologue in Essence: "Is it the product of a union? Or... an answer to prayer-- a true miracle? Or is it a wonder of technology, the intervention of other hands? What do I tell this child about to be born? What do I tell Scully? What do I tell myself?"
Furthermore, the events of Essence and Existence make a bit (only a bit) more sense if those events-- Zeus Genetics, Billy Miles, Lizzie Gill, Krycek, the Super soldiers, and other such nonsense-- are put through another lens: trauma.
The Other, Bigger Concern
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If Mulder knew the baby was his, why did he distance himself?
Simply put, PTSD.
Three Words very specifically chooses Mulder's flashbacks as his first scene (post here), providing motive to any future decision he makes. Being torn apart for three months and buried another three before being resurrected on a chance is a lot to grapple with; add in a pregnant partner who is clearly expecting a miraculous baby amidst a set of tragically unmiraculous events and looking to her recently resurrected partner for not only their old relationship but more and you get a PTSD-riddled, paranoid, and very panicked Fox Mulder.
Empedocles begins after the aforementioned off-screen conversation; and quite plainly establishes Mulder in his new paternal role, bringing Scully (and the baby) gifts like he has any other significant moment in their relationship (and also because it's no longer acceptable to bring triumphant caveman hunting trophies back to the domestic den.) This episode not only goes out of its way to give him a first-time "feeling his baby move" scene, but further cements Mulder's role by showing him standing sentry outside of Scully's door, doting on her hand and foot back at her apartment, and including their baby nonverbally in Scully's gratitude speech. These benchmark moments are then followed up by him briefly forgetting his baby in Vienen, not wanting to leave its side in Alone, and cycling back to his paternity worries in Essence-- further proof that his initial distance and on-again-off-again dance is rooted firmly in trauma rearing its ugly head to continually mess up his temporary peace.
That trauma follows him (mostly unacknowledged) the rest of Season 8, coming to a head (and exploding) during the events of Essence and Existence. When his security in Scully's science and himself are completely eroded, Mulder is left blindly grappling for any explanation from any nearest and newest source currently in front of him (handing off Scully to his sworn enemy should have been the tip-off point to both she and Skinner, prompting them to put a stop to his spiraling before doing anything else... but I digress.) His hot-and-cold attitude is back (referring to their child as "your baby") even though his fiercely protective love and interest hasn't faded one bit ("will do anything to protect it.")
Deep down, Mulder always knew (or at least hoped) the baby was his-- "the truth we both know," after all.
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So, What Does This Mean?
Probably nothing in the grand scheme of things, but a rippling domino effect in the minutiae. It explains Mulder's distant-then-doting attitude, the manifestation of his PTSD and impending parenthood, and even why he was happy to have Scully firmly glued by his side throughout Three Words (even if he couldn't meet her eyes at times.) Scully's pregnancy was a change for both: almost overnight she needed more from their relationship. However, once she realized how displaced and harried Mulder was, Scully relaxed the pace for both of them (off-screen...), allowing Mulder to finally recover, regroup, and continue on. Once that understanding was reached (again: off-screen), Mulder started to take his journey more gently (upsetting and resettling himself whenever Scully's health scares or his impulsive actions blasted him up, down, and sideways) while Scully refigured how to fit their new normal into the life she built in his absence. Like always, teamwork and their unspoken; and, overall, it makes Season 8's there-and-gone-again MSR bits that much more in-character and enjoyable.
Thank you for reading~
Enjoy!
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carefulfears · 10 months
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thinking about that creepy doll that mulder saved after his mother died, then wrapped in “baby” paper so scully would have a present to open, and how it probably belonged to samantha (or at least was played with by her) and how by the time he had to go clean out the house, IVF had already failed and he had no real reason to keep it. but he did, of course he did, just in case.
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lionofchaeronea · 1 year
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The Death of Empedocles, Salvator Rosa, ca. 1665-70
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the1013file · 1 year
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existentialcomicsfeed · 9 months
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The Death of Empedocles
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funeral · 1 year
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Empedocles 
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lindahall · 6 months
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Empedocles – Scientist of the Day
Empedocles, a Greek pre-Socratic natural philosopher, lived and wrote sometime around 440 B.C.E; he was probably born around 490 and died about 434 B.C.E. 
read more...
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philosophybits · 1 year
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People see a tiny part of life during their time and swift-fated they are taken away and fly like smoke, persuaded only of whatever each of them has chanced to meet as they were driven everywhere; but everyone boasts that he discovered the whole. These things are not in this way to be seen or heard by men or grasped with the mind.
Empedocles, Fragments, B2
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x-files-scripts · 1 year
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The X-Files - “Empedocles”
Written by Greg Walker
April 3, 2001 (2ND PINK)
Mulder visits Scully at the hospital...
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Scully opens Mulder’s gift...
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τῆι τε φίλα φρονέουσι καὶ ἄρθμια ἔργα τελοῦσι, Γηθοσύνην καλέοντες ἐπώνυμον ἠδ’ ᾿Αφροδίτην
- Empedocles
She causes them to think of love and complete acts of peace, Whether we call her Happiness or Aphrodite as a nickname.
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randomfoggytiger · 6 months
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Mulder and Scully and the Pizza Man
Mulder going out of his way to give Scully some levity after all the months she's struggled alone; and Scully quietly reassuring Mulder that she's happy to have him beside her despite his struggles:
Particularly love the moment when Mulder feels briefly inadequate over Scully's gotcha (pretending she missed the pizza man instead of appreciating Mulder's heartfelt efforts), realizes he's been had, then quickly channels that relief into a hammed up "how could you" reaction for her amusement.
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twofacedgods · 1 year
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The Geol Wall, and a Geological Map of Sicily
First embroidery project since I've started my PhD, and it's volcanic (as perhaps might be expected from me). In red and represented by radial stitches is Etna, a favourite of mine, if only because of its associated mythos — Empedocles, a philospher of Ancient Greece, is said to have thrown himself into the fires of Etna to prove his immortality (he was a proponent of reincarnation, in his time), but the volcano spat out one of his bronze sandals and revealed his folly to his followers.
Of course, this tale proved wildly popular in later years, and was satirised by Lucian of Samosata, in whose dialogue Empedocles received a fairer fate, and was carried into the heavens by a volcanic eruption to live out the rest of his years (on the moon, sipping dew!)
In more recent times Empedocles of Etna has also been the subject of a particularly nice painting by Salvator Rosa (1615 – 1673) called The Death of Empedocles (below), and he has even given his name to the underwater Empedocles volcano off the coast of Sicily, where it was embroiled in further rather explosive drama in the 19th century (it emerged as an island in 1831 and was renamed Ferdinandea; multiple countries scrambled to claim it, almost causing a major international incident, before it disappeared again five months later and the name Empedocles was reinstated).
So in some ways, Empedocles was indeed immortalised (if only in volcanology). How fun.
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