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headwaymentalhealth · 1 year

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Website : https://www.headwaymentalhealth.com/

Address : Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Headway Mental Health by Joshua Dvorkin helps people, groups, and businesses D-STRESS, raise resilience, increase productivity, and fail forward without the fear of being judged by others.

Services:

Individual Psychotherapy:

The goals of the field of psychotherapy include strengthening the mind, enlarging the capacity of the conscious mind, enabling a person to use their full mental potential, bringing contentment and inner happiness to each individual, bringing concentration and an increased willpower to each individual, and developing self-confidence, tolerance, and clear thinking.

Group Therapy:

Group therapy helps individuals develop communication skills and socialization skills, and allows clients to learn how to express their issues and accept criticism from others. Group therapy allows individuals to develop self-awareness by listening to others with similar issues, which normalizes difficulties and prevents feelings of isolation and provides validation from peers.

The D-STRESS Productivity Framework:

Do you handle stress poorly? Is your reaction to stress killing your productivity and enjoyment of work and life? Your mission, if you choose to accept it, is to learn the D-STRESS productivity framework to control your stress response in just 12-short weeks, so you can raise your resilience, reduce your stress, be relaxed, focused and on fire to achieve your goals, in almost any situation.

About me:

I am a Registered Psychotherapist (RP) (Qualifying), I also hold a Master's of Psychology from Adler Graduate Professional School in Toronto, Ontario. I help individuals, groups, and businesses achieve results. These transformations will help you learn to live your best life possible.

Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/headway.mental.health/

Linkedin : https://www.linkedin.com/in/joshua-dvorkin-headwayhelps/

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phamkline90 · 1 year

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creepingsharia · 4 years

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Canada: Syrian immigrant teen admits allegiance to ISIS, plotting bomb attacks to kill Christians

He needed an Arabic interpreter so we have to presume he is a Syrian refugee or immigrant.

A teenager admitted in Ontario court on Tuesday he had pledged allegiance to the so-called Islamic State and worked with an attack planner based in Syria to plot bombings.

From his home in Kingston, the Syrian-Canadian youth collaborated through social media with a figure known as "Abu Umar Ibrahim," who encouraged him and guided his bomb-making.

Nightclubs, churches and sporting venues were discussed as possible targets. While he was preoccupied with bombs, police also found materials referring to poisons, vehicular attacks and burning people inside their homes.

“All those ways are good to kill Christians,” according to an audio file uncovered by police.

The youth, who was 16 at the time and cannot be named because he is a minor, pleaded guilty to four terrorism offences and breaching his release conditions by removing his ankle monitor.

The Crown is seeking an adult sentence.

The RCMP said almost nothing after the high-profile Kingston terrorism arrest in January 2019, refusing to respond to questions about the suspect’s motive and never acknowledging it was an ISIS plot.

But the guilty plea provided the first public look at the troubling details of the case, one of a growing number involving Canadian ISIS supporters.

The plot has the hallmarks of a “remote-controlled” attack — one conducted by an operative living inside a Western country, but with encouragement and guidance from ISIS figures in Syria.

An agreed statement of facts was read into the court record, with an Arabic interpreter providing translation for the accused, who is originally from Syria.

Asked by the judge if he admitted to the facts detailed by the Crown over several hours, the youth simply replied, “Yes.”

"In an Agreed Statement of Facts filed with the court, the young person admitted to manufacturing an explosive substance, Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP), with the objective of manufacturing an explosive device to place either in a public place or to place under a police or military vehicle with the intent of killing innocent people," the Public Prosecution Service of Canada said in a statement.

"The objective was to commit terrorist activities for the benefit of a listed terrorist entity (that called itself the 'Islamic State'). A search of his residence resulted in the seizure of all the necessary materials to build an explosive device."

"He also admitted to creating a PowerPoint presentation detailing the instructions on building a successful pressure cooker bomb, and disseminating it through various communications application," the PPSC said.

"After providing the instructions, he counseled an individual to build the device and place it in a bar, a public place, in order to kill innocent people."

The events took place in late 2018 and early 2019, as ISIS was collapsing in Syria. Despite his age, the Kingston youth repeatedly expressed his support for ISIS, and his determination to kill for the terror group.

Building bombs was his main focus. Using social media channels, he communicated time and again with Ibrahim about bomb-making, and indicated he was in Canada.

After he asked Ibrahim if he knew any "brothers" in the U.S., the Syrian-based jihadist connected him with a U.S. contact he thought was a "lone wolf."

The youth then began communicating with the U.S. contact about targets and sent him detailed bomb instructions, but the American turned out to be an undercover informant working for the FBI, which tipped off the RCMP.

When police searched his bedroom following his arrest, they found an assortment of chemicals and tools used to manufacture explosive devices.

His online search history and electronic devices also revealed his involvement in terrorism.

He is now 17.

ISIS has repeatedly tried to incite and direct attacks in Western countries, including Canada, which was singled out because it is part of the anti-ISIS military coalition.

The Kingston case is similar to that of Abdulrahman El-Bahnasawy, a Mississauga youth who connected online with ISIS to plan a bombing in New York, unaware the FBI had infiltrated the plot.

An 18-year-old with mental health challenges at the time, El-Bahnasawy was arrested during a family trip to New Jersey in 2016. He pleaded guilty and is now serving a 40-year sentence.

#Islam #Muslim #Sharia #Jihad #Legal #Immigration #News #Politics #Media #Religion #Terror #ISIS

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kdwellness01 · 11 days

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Mental Health Services Ontario

Mental Health Services Ontario provides comprehensive mental health care across the province, offering access to counseling, therapy, and psychiatric support. They cater to diverse needs through community programs, crisis intervention, and specialized services for various populations. Their aim is to enhance mental well-being and ensure timely, accessible care for all Ontarians.

#Mental Health Services Ontario #Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Online #Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Ontario #Christian Counselling Ontario #Mental Health Ontario #psychologists Ontario #kd services #wellness therapies

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warrioreowynofrohan · 4 years

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This is the transcript of an interview done by my pastor on a local radio show discussing the current protests over George Floyd’s murder and the broader issues of racism in Canada and the United States. It’s very good, so I wanted to post it, and I strongly encourage any Canadians who are following my blog to read it. (If you’re an American and you’ve been paying attention, some of what he says will already be familiar to you, but some will not, and it’s very worth reading.)

I’ve removed my church’s name because I don’t want to make my identity overwhelmingly obvious, although the pastor’s name will obviously lead someone to the church’s name if they want to find it.

To be very clear, Reverend Bailey is speaking as himself, not as a ‘spokesperson for the black community’, within which there are going to be a wide diversity of views.

Reverend Bailey has a long record of speaking out about issues of racism and social justice, both at church and in other public spheres. Within church, that’s included, a full sermon on the history of racism in Canada and its philosophical foundations (with the result that I don’t like Kant anymore); a discussion of Black Lives Matter and its importance; a eulogy for Muhammad Ali; and support for a $15 minimum wage. Every year in January we hold a Martin Luther King service with a gospel choir from Montreal, which is extremely popular. A few years ago a young man vandalized our church as well as a nearby mosque and synagogue with racist graffiti and death threats; he was caught and arrested and Reverend Bailey and some other members of the church have been attempting to pursue a process of reconciliation with him.

So that is some context for the interview.

Previous interviewee: It’s just a fact.

Interviewer: Let me put it to someone who can probably answer that. It’s Reverend Anthony Bailey. He’s with [church name]. He’s joining us here. What do you think, Reverend?

Rev. Bailey: About what, specifically?

Interviewer: The last point there, that now’s not the time to be taking protest in Canada because it isn’t happening here, that Bill just raised.

Rev. Bailey: I think it’s a matter of weighing the crisis of the moment. I agree that we have to be very, very careful about not seeing a spike in the transmission of cases and so forth, it’s true, but what is also true is that this is a long history that we have experienced, and I think that a lot of people don’t realize this. I’ve been trying to talk to a number of people who are trying to figure out this whole issue with George Floyd - why the kind of response that has taken place, and why Canadians - black Canadians and other Canadians - are engaged in this. This country, our own country - yes, it’s not the same thing, we don’t have the same history as the United States - but this country of Canada also has a history of racism.

Interviewer: Give us - give us some of the events that -

Rev. Bailey: Well, if we go back to 1911 and the Order in Council by Sir Wilfred Laurier’s government, it was specifically introduced to ban black people from coming to Canada. And that was only repealed in the early ‘60s. Now, blacks did manage to come. But the intent was to stop black people from coming to Canada. There was slavery in Canada - in Nova Scotia, in Ontario. And we’ve seen systemic racism also. So people here have a right to experience and to talk about and to demonstrate this because it is disproportionately felt on people of African descent. Your listeners may not be aware, but I have personally experienced this scourge of racist violence and murder. My brother and I were attacked in Montreal by racist men who decided that they, because of who they are as white people, were better than black people, and attacked us, and stabbed my brother through the heart and killed him, and tried to kill me too. Why? Because we didn’t even know them. The colour of our skin. The understanding that somehow a narrative has been created that some people are better than other people and therefore they have a right to do whatever they can. And it’s not only personal, one-on-one, it has to do with institutional, educational systems. Here in our very city of Ottawa the traffic-stop report has shown Middle Eastern and black people, black men in particular, are disproportionately stopped. I have been followed by police. I do anti-black racism training with police recruits, in schools, in federal government departments, I try to make a case that we have to understand the problem.

Interviewer: The [police] chief has released a statement basically echoing the fact that what happened in the United States shouldn’t have happened, adding his voice to the condemnation of what happened to Mr. Floyd, and saying that he continues in the fight to deal with the racism here in Ottawa. What did you want to hear from the chief, Reverend?

[Context: the police chief is black and took the job in Ottawa in part to address issues of racism on the police force. There have been issues with police racism in Ottawa, and the police officers have been very, very defensive about attempts to address that, so it’s a very challenging line to walk.]

Rev. Bailey: Well, I - I like the chief. I’m a supporter of the chief, I believe that he is straight-talking, I believe that he is honest and has integrity and a desire to see a change. I’ve had a number of conversations with him, and I believe that he really wants to do the right thing here. And so I support his initiative, I support that - I read the statement that came out today and I feel that it has been clear, there’s a lot of work to be done and he’s committed to doing it. Is it perfect? There’s a situation there, but he’s moving the Ottawa police service in the right direction to ensure that there are more diverse officers and that training is stepped up, and I’ve seen the initiatives that he’s undertaken.

Interviewer: And it takes time, right? It’s not a simple answer or implement a certain policy, it’s going to take time, and that’s what you mean by moving in the right direction.

Rev. Bailey: It will, it will take time, but I think that it also requires a certain humility of people who have held particular views and perspectives for a long time to reexamine them, to reexamine the impact of those views and the way in which society is structured to disadvantage certain people.

Interviewer: Reverend Bailey, I’m sorry for your loss, what you had to live that day. Where was the anger and the revenge that most people would react - it’s human, when you see what happened, a) racism and b) murder, happen in front of you. Where did that go? Cause that would be the human reaction initially. And how come you didn’t follow that route?

Rev. Bailey: It would be. And it has to do with my Christian faith. It has to do with the fact that not only in counselling and the Christian community coming alongside me, but also understanding what it means to reverence sacred life. To reverence the life that is given by God, the breath that God breathes into every human being. And even though people are absolutely acting in evil ways, it would be demeaning both to my spirit, to my faith, to my commitment to humanity to do likewise - to hate the one who hates me, to wish violence against the one who has done violence against me. That is not the way of Jesus, that is not the teaching. It doesn’t mean you lie down and roll over, but it means that you have constructive, prayerful, supportive ways of transforming. And I’m trying to do that in the things that I do. Going into schools and talking to people, helping them understand the falsity of the premise of these behaviours. And it has to do with the invention of race. Some people don’t realize that race was invented. Before the 17th and 18th centuries the notion of race did not exist. People were referred to in terms of their culture, in terms of where they lived and that sort of thing. This was something invented by European philosophers, Carolid Leonid [sp.?] who came forward, David Hume, Immanuel Kant - if you read Immanuel Kant, he writes - he was the foremost intellectual and philosopher of the 18th century, 18th and 19th century, and he said - ‘Human perfection is found in the race of the whites. And Indians and others are a little below, and negroes are at the very bottom.’ That’s what he said. And it created this notion of this hierarchy of peoples. And that was created in order to justify the disposession of people from Africa, the slave trade, and so forth, to say that we have the right to imprison people, we have the right to enslave people, because we are better than them. Some of you may have heard of the Human Genome Project. The Human Genome Project spent ten years examining the 3.3 billion base pairs of human genetics, of the human genome. They have found there’s absolutely no biological reason or purpose for the notion of race. It doesn’t exist!

Interviewer: Reverend Bailey, as we look at history, current and recent past, what we have seen unfold in the last six nights in the United States is not new. It’s just a - it’s a different name that has triggered these protests. When it goes from a call for justice and equality into protest, as a black man watching this unfold, do you worry that the message is getting lost?

Rev. Bailey: Yes, yes, in some way. I understand the rage, I understand the rage and I understand the need to protest. But you have to understand that there’s more going on here than meets the eye. What some poeple may know or may not know is that there are professional infiltrators and it is suspected - I don’t have proof of this but my friends, the people I’m speaking to in the United States, are telling me that there are people who are professionally being deployed to disrupt and to create mayhem in order to discredit the protests. It’s not to say that everyone is doing that, don’t get me wrong - there are some people who are using this as an advantage - but there is an organized, orchestrated attempt. If you look a few nights ago, I think it was in Philadelphia, I believe, that outside of the stores there was a neatly placed mound of blocks, of bricks that you could throw, that were there overnight through the curfew, and the next morning we found all of those bricks neatly laid out. Who put them there? Who put those there? There’s an organized attempt to discredit this, and some of the mayhem that is being undertaken is not only by the crowds but is by an organized group that is trying to discredit this.

Interviewer: It happens often when there are major protests, at G7 for example, we have certain sectors that are provacateurs, as they call them, and I would imagine that’s what you’re referring to in this case too. [I think the interviewer is referring to groups like the Black Bloc anarchists, who have a pattern of hijacking protests to create violence and chaos. They’ve done it before in Canada, many of them coming from out-of-country. For my part, I wouldn’t be surprised if some or all of the provacateurs seeking to discredit the current protests were instead from alt-right groups, or even from the police themselves.]

Rev. Bailey: Absolutely.

Interviewer: That being said, the criticism that is being pushed towards these protestors is not doing the cause any good.

Rev. Bailey: No it isn’t. People are being opportunistic, the looting and all those those things. I understand the anger, I understand the frustration. When I go - I speak at conferences in the United States, I go frequently there - and I’m telling you, I am very careful when I walk on the streets. I have been walking with a group of the conferees, at the conference that I’m speaking to for instance in Atlanta, and I am pulled out of that crowd and asked what am I doing there. And I’m saying ‘I’m one of the speakers here’. I’m the only black person in a particular group, and I’m pulled out of the crowd, asking what I am doing here. So I have experienced this personally, I see the reality of it and I understand the anger of it, but I don’t condone the rioting, I don’t condone the burning of businesses. The people who own those businesses, they are traumatized also, I don’t condone that. But I understand the anger, the pent-up anger, of the systemic, generational racism that is perpetrated on black bodies, over and over and over again.

Interviewer: And you’ve experienced it here in Ottawa as well.

Rev. Bailey: I have experienced it, and other people of African descent have experiened it as well. So it is not - people need to understand it. Those who are not in this situation have to try to understand areas of experience that they have no notion of. They only see certain superficial ways of understanding this. There needs to be a cogent, constructive way of seeing why the pain is there, why the pent-up anger. This is a systematic and systemic racism.

Interviewer: Reverend Bailey, as we see what’s different this time - you see police officers taking a knee, you see sheriffs, one in Des Moines, Iowa, for example, taking off all the riot gear and walking with the crowds - do you feel that it’s different this time, or are we going to find ourselves here a decade from now again?

Rev Bailey: Well, I - I remain hopeful. As a person of faith, I believe in transformation. But I also believe that that comes through justice and agitation in peaceful ways. And I think that these are signals that - if you look at the composition of the crowds, look at the composition of the crowds, the young people, people from all so-called ‘races’, people of different hues, are coming out in droves to support this and to understand it. That’s hopeful for me. It’s hopeful when the authorities, when the police chief and others, are recognizing, recognizing that there’s a deep problem and they want to model and symbolize a certain solidarity. They are not condoning the rioting and so forth, but they want to show that they’re getting it, they’re trying to understand and to feel with the people who are feeling so outraged, legitimately, by what is going on. If you’re not a person of colour, if you’re not a person of African descent living in this context, it’s hard to understand unless you’re willing to be humble enough to be taught and to be educated. We have, even here in Canada, you may have heard on the media outlets, black reporters talking about having The Talk with your children, especially your male children. I have a son - I have a son, and my wife and I - I have given him The Talk when he was younger. “When you go out with your friends and other people who are not black, you have to realize that if they’re getting into trouble, if something happens, you’re likely to be the person who is going to be pulled out of that crowd.” You have to talk about being careful about how you associate and where you go. And that is a terrible burden on black families who have to do that, because that’s the reality, and it’s not only in the United States.

Interviewer: Reverend Bailey, I had a mother on on Friday, of a seven-year-old, and she said she believes she’s a year away from having to have The Talk with her son, who will be looked at in society as a cute boy to a threat. Seven years old. That’s something that white families don’t have to worry about, and that’s just the beginning of the list.

Rev. Bailey: Absolutely.

Interviewer: Raising someone who is of black origin in this country, of African descent, it’s - there’s a lot of work to be done, Reverend.

Rev. Bailey: There is.

Interviewer: Those of us who aren’t black, what are we doing wrong that we should be doing [different]?

Rev. Bailey: I think the allyship is so important, and it really requires a humility. I think what happens is a natural insulation. I mean, my background is in social work and psychology, counselling and so forth. I know that people hearing this, they’re reacting already, they’re being defensive. “Well, I’m not like that, I’m a nice person!” What is clear is that there’s no room at all for middle ground so to speak. What I mean by that is - there’s either racism or anti-racism. Being silent and ignoring it is part of the problem, it’s part of the problem. And so part of what we have to understand is that there needs to be a humility that says, “I don’t know why this is going on, I don’t know the full experience of people of African descent, of black people, I don’t understand that. Let me be willing to have a posture of learning and understanding.” I mention a particular resource that I think is very, very helpful - it’s a book by Robin DiAngelo, it’s called White Fragility.

Interviewer: White Fragility.

Rev. Bailey: White Fragility, yes. Robin DiAngelo. And she, as an intellectual and professor, she talks about her own journey of moving from complete obliviousness to the reality of systemic racism, to actually then going into intentional ways of speaking with people, of understanding what is going on, of the blind spots that are there, and educating herself, listening to other people, so that she now is trying to speak to her white counterparts and say, “Look, here’s what I’ve discovered. This is what is going on. If you want to really be an ally, this is what you have to learn about our role in being allies in this.”

Interviewer: Reverend Anthony Bailey, from [church]. Thank you, sir. I appreciate your time and your insights this morning.

Rev. Bailey: Thank you for bringing this to the fore.

#racism #racial justice #institutional racism #canada #canadian politics #Christianity #blacklivesmatter

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rose---child · 4 years

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a joke about sailormoon bringing openness to queers lead me to this thanks wikipedia

1903 – In New York City on 21 February 1903, New York police conducted the first United States recorded raid on a gay bathhouse, the Ariston Hotel Baths. 34 men were arrested and 12 brought to trial on sodomy charges; 7 men received sentences ranging from 4 to 20 years in prison.

1906 – Potentially the first openly gay American novel with a happy ending, Imre, is published

1910 – Emma Goldman first begins speaking publicly in favor of homosexual rights. Magnus Hirschfeld later wrote "she was the first and only woman, indeed the first and only American, to take up the defense of homosexual love before the general public.

1912 – The first explicit reference to lesbianism in a Mormon magazine occurred when the "Young Woman's Journal" paid tribute to "Sappho of Lesbos[7] "; the Scientific Humanitarian Committee of the Netherlands (NWHK), the first Dutch organization to campaign against anti-homosexual discrimination, is established by Dr. Jacob Schorer.

1913 – The word faggot is first used in print in reference to gays in a vocabulary of criminal slang published in Portland, Oregon: "All the faggots [sic] (sissies) will be dressed in drag at the ball tonight".

1917 – The October Revolution in Russia repeals the previous criminal code in its entirety—including Article 995.[8][9] Bolshevik leaders reportedly say that "homosexual relationships and heterosexual relationships are treated exactly the same by the law."

1919 – In Berlin, Germany, Doctor Magnus Hirschfeld co-founds the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sex Research), a pioneering private research institute and counseling office. Its library of thousands of books was destroyed by Nazis in May 1933

1921 – In England an attempt to make lesbianism illegal for the first time in Britain's history fails

1922 – A new criminal code comes into force in the USSR officially decriminalizing homosexual acts.

1923 – The word fag is first used in print in reference to gays in Nels Anderson's The Hobo: "Fairies or Fags are men or boys who exploit sex for profit."

1923 – Lesbian Elsa Gidlow, born in England, published the first volume of openly lesbian love poetry in the United States, titled "On A Grey Thread."

1923 – The word fag is first used in print in reference to gays in Nels Anderson's The Hobo: "Fairies or Fags are men or boys who exploit sex for profit." 1923 – Lesbian Elsa Gidlow, born in England, published the first volume of openly lesbian love poetry in the United States, titled "On A Grey Thread." 1923 – The word fag is first used in print in reference to gays in Nels Anderson's The Hobo: "Fairies or Fags are men or boys who exploit sex for profit."1923 – Lesbian Elsa Gidlow, born in England, published the first volume of openly lesbian love poetry in the United States, titled "On A Grey Thread."

1937 – The first use of the pink triangle for gay men in Nazi concentration camps.

1938 – The word Gay is used for the first time on film in reference to homosexuality

1941 – Transsexuality was first used in reference to homosexuality and bisexuality.

1945 – The Holocaust ends and it is estimated that between about 3,000 to about 9,000 homosexuals died in Nazi concentration and death camps, while it is estimated that between about 2,000 to about 6,000 homosexual survivors in Nazi concentration and death camps were required to serve out the full term of their sentences under Paragraph 175 in prison. The first gay bar in post-World War II Berlin opened in the summer of 1945, and the first drag ball took place in American sector of West Berlin in the fall of 1945.[26] Four honourably discharged gay veterans form the Veterans Benevolent Association, the first LGBT veterans' group.[27] Gay bar Yanagi opened in Japan

1946 – Plastic surgeon Harold Gillies carries out sex reassignment surgery on Michael Dillon in Britain.

1951 – Greece decriminalizes homosexuality.

1956 – Thailand decriminalizes homosexual acts.

1957 – The word "Transsexual" is coined by U.S. physician Harry Benjamin; The Wolfenden Committee's report recommends decriminalizing consensual homosexual behaviour between adults in the United Kingdom; Psychologist Evelyn Hooker publishes a study showing that homosexual men are as well adjusted as non-homosexual men, which becomes a major factor in the American Psychiatric Association removing homosexuality from its handbook of disorders in 1973. Homoerotic artist Tom of Finland first published on the cover of Physique Pictorial magazine from Los Angeles.[36]

1965 – Vanguard, an organization of LGBT youth in the low-income Tenderloin district, was created in 1965. It is considered the first Gay Liberation organization in the U.S

1967 – The Advocate was first published in September as "The Los Angeles Advocate," a local newsletter alerting gay men to police raids in Los Angeles gay bars

1970 – The first Gay Liberation Day March is held in New York City; The first LGBT Pride Parade is held in New York; The first "Gay-in" held in San Francisco; Carl Wittman writes A Gay Manifesto;[56][57] CAMP (Campaign Against Moral Persecution) is formed in Australia;[58][59] The Task Force on Gay Liberation formed within the American Library Association. Now known as the GLBT Round Table, this organization is the oldest LGBTQ professional organization in the United States.[60] In November, the first gay rights march occurs in the UK at Highbury Fields following the arrest of an activist from the Young Liberals for importuning.

1974 – Chile allows a trans person to legally change her name and gender on the birth certificate after undergoing sex reassignment surgery, becoming the second country in the world to do so.[86] Kathy Kozachenko becomes the first openly gay American elected to public office when she wins a seat on the Ann Arbor, Michigan city council; In New York City Dr. Fritz Klein founds the Bisexual Forum, the first support group for the Bisexual Community; Elaine Noble becomes the second openly gay American elected to public office when she wins a seat in the Massachusetts State House; Inspired by Noble, Minnesota state legislator Allan Spear comes out in a newspaper interview; Ohio repeals sodomy laws. Robert Grant founds American Christian Cause to oppose the "gay agenda", the beginning of modern Christian politics in America. In London, the first openly LGBT telephone help line opens, followed one year later by the Brighton Lesbian and Gay Switchboard;[citation needed] the Brunswick Four are arrested on 5 January 1974, in Toronto, Ontario. This incident of Lesbophobia galvanizes the Toronto Lesbian and Gay community;[87] the National Socialist League (The Gay Nazi Party) is founded in Los Angeles, California.[citation needed] The first openly gay or lesbian person to be elected to any political office in America was Kathy Kozachenko, who was elected to the Ann Arbor City Council in April 1974.[88] Also in 1974, the Lesbian Herstory Archives opened to the public in the New York apartment of lesbian couple Joan Nestle and Deborah Edel; it has the world's largest collection of materials by and about lesbians and their communities.[89] Also in 1974, Angela Morley became the first openly transgender person to be nominated for an Academy Award, when she was nominated for one in the category of Best Music, Original Song Score/Adaptation for The Little Prince (1974), a nomination shared with Alan Jay Lerner, Frederick Loewe, and Douglas Gamley. The world's first gay softball league was formed in San Francisco in 1974 as the Community Softball League, which eventually included both women's and men's teams. The teams, usually sponsored by gay bars, competed against each other and against the San Francisco Police softball team

1977 – Harvey Milk is elected city-county supervisor in San Francisco, becoming the first openly gay or lesbian candidate elected to political office in California, the seventh openly gay/lesbian elected official nationally, and the third man to be openly gay at time of his election. Dade County, Florida enacts a Human Rights Ordinance; it is repealed the same year after a militant anti-homosexual-rights campaign led by Anita Bryant. Quebec becomes the first jurisdiction larger than a city or county in the world to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation in the public and private sectors; Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia and Vojvodina legalise homosexuality.[citation needed] Welsh author Jeffrey Weeks publishes Coming Out;[99] Original eight-color version of the LGBT pride flagPublication of the first issue of Gaysweek, NYC's first mainstream gay weekly. Police raided a house outside of Boston outraging the gay community. In response the Boston-Boise Committee was formed.[100] Anne Holmes became the first openly lesbian minister ordained by the United Church of Christ;[101] Ellen Barrett became the first openly lesbian priest ordained by the Episcopal Church of the United States (serving the Diocese of New York).[102][103] The first lesbian mystery novel in America was published; it was Angel Dance, by Mary F. Beal.[104][105] The National Center for Lesbian Rights was founded. Shakuntala Devi published the first[106] study of homosexuality in India.[107][108] Platonica Club and Front Runners were founded in Japan.[95] San Francisco hosted the world's first gay film festival in 1977.[109] Peter Adair, Nancy Adair and other members of the Mariposa Film Group premiered the groundbreaking documentary on coming out, Word Is Out: Stories of Some of Our Lives, at the Castro Theater in 1977. The film was the first feature-length documentary on gay identity by gay and lesbian filmmakers.[110][111] Beth Chayim Chadashim became the first LGBT synagogue to own its own building.[78] On March 26, 1977, Frank Kameny and a dozen other members of the gay and lesbian community, under the leadership of the then-National Gay Task Force, briefed then-Public Liaison Midge Costanza on much-needed changes in federal laws and policies. This was the first time that gay rights were officially discussed at the White House

1980 – The United States Democratic Party becomes the first major political party in the U.S. to endorse a homosexual rights platform plank; Scotland decriminalizes homosexuality; The Human Rights Campaign Fund is founded by Steve Endean; The Human Rights Campaign is America's largest civil rights organization working to achieve lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender equality.[120] Lionel Blue becomes the first British rabbi to come out as gay;[121] "Becoming Visible: The First Black Lesbian Conference" is held at the Women's Building, from October 17 to 19, 1980. It has been credited as the first conference for African-American lesbian women.[122] The Socialist Party USA nominates an openly gay man, David McReynolds, as its (and America's) first openly gay presidential candidate in 1980.[123]

1987 – AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power(ACT-UP) founded in the US in response to the US government's slow response in dealing with the AIDS crisis.[142] ACT UP stages its first major demonstration, seventeen protesters are arrested; U.S. Congressman Barney Frank comes out. Boulder, Colorado citizens pass the first referendum to ban discrimination based on sexual orientation.[143][144] In New York City a group of Bisexual LGBT rights activist including Brenda Howard found the New York Area Bisexual Network (NYABN); Homomonument, a memorial to persecuted homosexuals, opens in Amsterdam. David Norris is the first openly gay person to be elected to public office in the Republic of Ireland. A group of 75 bisexuals marched in the 1987 March On Washington For Gay and Lesbian Rights, which was the first nationwide bisexual gathering. The article "The Bisexual Movement: Are We Visible Yet?", by Lani Ka'ahumanu, appeared in the official Civil Disobedience Handbook for the March. It was the first article about bisexuals and the emerging bisexual movement to be published in a national lesbian or gay publication.[145] Canadian province of Manitoba and territory Yukon ban sexual orientation discrimination.

1990

Equalization of age of consent: Czechoslovakia (see Czech Republic, Slovakia)

Decriminalisation of homosexuality: UK Crown Dependency of Jersey and the Australian state of Queensland

LGBT Organizations founded: BiNet USA (USA), OutRage! (UK) and Queer Nation (USA)

Homosexuality no longer an illness: The World Health Organization

Other: Justin Fashanu is the first professional footballer to come out in the press.

Reform Judaism decided to allow openly lesbian and gay rabbis and cantors.[148]

Dale McCormick became the first open lesbian elected to a state Senate (she was elected to the Maine Senate).[149]

In 1990, the Union for Reform Judaism announced a national policy declaring lesbian and gay Jews to be full and equal members of the religious community. Its principal body, the Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), officially endorsed a report of their committee on homosexuality and rabbis. They concluded that "all rabbis, regardless of sexual orientation, be accorded the opportunity to fulfill the sacred vocation that they have chosen" and that "all Jews are religiously equal regardless of their sexual orientation."

The oldest national bisexuality organization in the United States, BiNet USA, was founded in 1990. It was originally called the North American Multicultural Bisexual Network (NAMBN), and had its first meeting at the first National Bisexual Conference in America.[150][150][151] This first conference was held in San Francisco in 1990, and sponsored by BiPOL. Over 450 people attended from 20 states and 5 countries, and the mayor of San Francisco sent a proclamation "commending the bisexual rights community for its leadership in the cause of social justice," and declaring June 23, 1990 Bisexual Pride Day.

The first Eagle Creek Saloon, that opened on the 1800 block of Market Street in San Francisco in 1990 and closed in 1993, was the first black-owned gay bar in the city.

1993Civil Union/Registered Partnership laws:Repeal of Sodomy laws: Australian Territory of Norfolk IslandDecriminalisation of homosexuality: Belarus, UK Crown Dependency of Gibraltar, Ireland, Lithuania, Russia (with the exception of the Chechen Republic);Anti-discrimination legislation:End to ban on gay people in the military: New ZealandSignificant LGBT Murders: Brandon TeenaMelissa Etheridge came out as a lesbian.The Triangle Ball was held; it was the first inaugural ball in America to ever be held in honor of gays and lesbians.The first Dyke March (a march for lesbians and their straight female allies, planned by the Lesbian Avengers) was held, with 20,000 women marching.[156][157]Roberta Achtenberg became the first openly gay or lesbian person to be nominated by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate when she was appointed to the position of Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity by President Bill Clinton.[158]Lea DeLaria was "the first openly gay comic to break the late-night talk-show barrier" with her 1993 appearance on The Arsenio Hall Show.[159]In December 1993 Lea DeLaria hosted Comedy Central's Out There, the first all-gay stand-up comedy special.[159]Before the "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy was enacted in 1993, lesbians and bisexual women and gay men and bisexual men were banned from serving in the military.[160] In 1993 the "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy was enacted, which mandated that the military could not ask servicemembers about their sexual orientation.[161][162] However, until the policy was ended in 2011 service members were still expelled from the military if they engaged in sexual conduct with a member of the same sex, stated that they were lesbian, gay, or bisexual, and/or married or attempted to marry someone of the same sex.[163]Passed and Came into effect: Norway (without adoption until 2009, replaced with same-sex marriage in 2008/09)US state of Minnesota (gender identity)New Zealand parliament passes the Human Rights Amendment Act which outlaws discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation or HIVCanadian province Saskatchewan (sexual orientation)

1998Anti-discrimination legislation: Ecuador (sexual orientation, constitution), Ireland (sexual orientation) and the Canadian provinces of Prince Edward Island (sexual orientation) and Alberta (court ruling only; legislation amended in 2009)Significant LGBT Murders: Rita Hester, Matthew ShepardDecriminalisation of homosexuality: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, South Africa (retroactive to 1994), Southern Cyprus and TajikistanEqualization of age of consent: Croatia and LatviaEnd to ban on gay people in the military: Romania, South AfricaGender identity was added to the mission of Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays after a vote at their annual meeting in San Francisco.[182] Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays is the first national LGBT organization to officially adopt a transgender-inclusion policy for its work.[183]Tammy Baldwin became the first openly gay or lesbian non-incumbent ever elected to Congress, and the first open lesbian ever elected to Congress, winning Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district seat over Josephine Musser.[184][185]Dana International became the first transsexual to win the Eurovision Song Contest, representing Israel with the song "Diva".[186]Robert Halford comes out as being the first openly gay heavy metal musician.[187]The first bisexual pride flag was unveiled on 5 December 1998.[188]Julie Hesmondhalgh first began to play Hayley Anne Patterson, British TV's first transgender character.[189]BiNet USA hosted the First National Institute on Bisexuality and HIV/AIDS.[190]

sorry its long just these i didnt know half of all this and thought we should all know

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history,_20th_century

#lgbt #lgbtq #gay #queer #lesbian

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wtffundiefamilies · 5 years

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A classic and a must-read; I’ve put a few selections in the body of this post, but I strongly recommend reading the entire thing as linked.

"I've had several cases over the years in which the anti-abortion patient had rationalized in one way or another that her case was the only exception, but the one that really made an impression was the college senior who was the president of her campus Right-to-Life organization, meaning that she had worked very hard in that organization for several years. As I was completing her procedure, I asked what she planned to do about her high office in the RTL organization. Her response was a wide-eyed, 'You're not going to tell them, are you!?' When assured that I was not, she breathed a sigh of relief, explaining how important that position was to her and how she wouldn't want this to interfere with it." (Physician, Texas)

"In 1990, in the Boston area, Operation Rescue and other groups were regularly blockading the clinics, and many of us went every Saturday morning for months to help women and staff get in. As a result, we knew many of the 'antis' by face. One morning, a woman who had been a regular 'sidewalk counselor' went into the clinic with a young woman who looked like she was 16-17, and obviously her daughter. When the mother came out about an hour later, I had to go up and ask her if her daughter's situation had caused her to change her mind. 'I don't expect you to understand my daughter's situation!' she angrily replied. The following Saturday, she was back, pleading with women entering the clinic not to 'murder their babies.'" (Clinic escort, Massachusetts)

"We too have seen our share of anti-choice women, ones the counselors usually grit their teeth over. Just last week a woman announced loudly enough for all to hear in the recovery room, that she thought abortion should be illegal. Amazingly, this was her second abortion within the last few months, having gotten pregnant again within a month of the first abortion. The nurse handled it by talking about all the carnage that went on before abortion was legalized and how fortunate she was to be receiving safe, professional care. However, this young woman continued to insist it was wrong and should be made illegal. Finally the nurse said, 'Well, I guess we won't be seeing you here again, not that you're not welcome.' Later on, another patient who had overheard this exchange thanked the nurse for her remarks." (Clinic Administrator, Alberta)

"We saw a woman recently who after four attempts and many hours of counseling both at the hospital and our clinic, finally, calmly and uneventfully, had her abortion. Four months later, she called me on Christmas Eve to tell me that she was not and never was pro-choice and that we failed to recognize that she was clinically depressed at the time of her abortion. The purpose of her call was to chastise me for not sending her off to the psych unit instead of the procedure room." (Clinic Administrator, Alberta)

"Recently, we had a patient who had given a history of being a 'pro-life' activist, but who had decided to have an abortion. She was pleasant to me and our initial discussion was mutually respectful. Later, she told someone on my staff that she thought abortion is murder, that she is a murderer, and that she is murdering her baby. So before doing her procedure, I asked her if she thought abortion is murder -- the answer was yes. I asked her if she thought I am a murderer, and if she thought I would be murdering her baby, and she said yes. But murder is a crime, and murderers are executed. Is this a crime? Well, it should be, she said. At that point, she became angry and hostile, and the summary of the conversation was that she regarded me as an abortion-dispensing machine, and how dare I ask her what she thinks. After explaining to her that I do not perform abortions for people who think I am a murderer or people who are angry at me, I declined to provide her with medical care. I do not know whether she found someone else to do her abortion." (Physician, Colorado)

"In 1973, after Roe v. Wade, abortion became legal but had to be performed in a hospital. That of course was changed later. For the first 'legal abortion day' I had scheduled five procedures. While scrubbing between cases, I was accosted by the Chief of the OB/Gyn service. He asked me, 'How many children are you going to kill today?' My response, out of anger, was a familiar vulgar retort. About three months later, this born-again Christian called me to explain that he was against abortion but his daughter was only a junior in high school and was too young to have a baby and he was also afraid that if she did have a baby she would not want to put it up for adoption. I told him he did not need to explain the situation to me. 'All I need to know', I said, 'is that SHE wants an abortion.' Two years later I performed a second abortion on her during her college break. She thanked me and pleaded, 'Please don't tell my dad, he is still anti-abortion.'" (Physician, Washington State)

"I once had a German client who greatly thanked me at the door, leaving after a difficult 22-week abortion. With a gleaming smile, she added: 'Und doch sind Sie ein Mörderer.' ('And you're still a murderer.')" (Physician, The Netherlands)

"My first encounter with this phenomenon came when I was doing a 2-week follow-up at a family planning clinic. The woman's anti-choice values spoke indirectly through her expression and body language. She told me that she had been offended by the other women in the abortion clinic waiting room because they were using abortion as a form of birth control, but her condom had broken so she had no choice! I had real difficulty not pointing out that she did have a choice, and she had made it! Just like the other women in the waiting room." (Physician, Ontario)

"I had a 37 year old woman just yesterday who was 13 weeks. She said she and her husband had been discussing this pregnancy for 2-3 months. She was strongly opposed to abortion, 'but my husband is forcing me to do it.' Naturally, I told her that no one could force her into an abortion, and that she had to choose whether the pregnancy or her husband were more important. I told her I only wanted what was best for her, and I would not do the abortion unless she agreed that it was in her best interest. Once she was faced with actually having to voice her own choice, she said 'Well, I made the appointment and I came here, so go ahead and do it. It's what's best.' At last I think she came to grips with the fact that it really was her decision after all." (Physician, Nevada)

The medical director at a Dallas abortion clinic told this story: A white woman from an affluent north Dallas neighborhood brought her black maid in for an abortion and paid for it. While the maid was in a counseling session, a commotion was heard in the waiting room outside. The maid's employer was handing out anti-abortion leaflets to other women waiting for abortions.

From a clinic director in a mid-western state: "One of the most remarkable cases was a woman who came [from another part of the state] and said she was the Right-to-Life president in her county. 'But,' she said, she 'had become pregnant and had to have an abortion.'"

Many anti-choice women are convinced that their need for abortion is unique -- not like those "other" women -- even though they have abortions for the same sorts of reasons. Anti-choice women often expect special treatment from clinic staff. Some demand an abortion immediately, wanting to skip important preliminaries such as taking a history or waiting for blood test results. Frequently, anti-abortion women will refuse counseling (such women are generally turned away or referred to an outside counselor because counseling at clinics is mandatory). Some women insist on sneaking in the back door and hiding in a room away from other patients. Others refuse to sit in the waiting room with women they call "sluts" and "trash." Or if they do, they get angry when other patients in the waiting room talk or laugh, because it proves to them that women get abortions casually, for "convenience".

#'pro life'#'family values'#hypocrisy

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ilovearticlesoffaith-blog · 5 years

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Problem-Solving in Marriage

The home is a garden. Weeds keep cropping up in a garden that must be constantly removed, so that our planted seeds can grow well. Every normal marriage has problems and challenges. It is only when there is a fire that you see which of the sticks around you is actually a snake.

And when Paul had gathered a bundle of sticks, and laid them on the fire, there came a viper out of the heat...

Acts 28:3

In other words, in times of trouble, the character of a spouse shows clearly.

But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh: but I spare you.

1 Corinthians 7:28

Remember the prayer of St. Francis Xavier:

“God grant me the courage to change the things I can change; the serenity to accept the things I cannot change and the wisdom to know the difference.”

Major Problem Areas in Marriage

(a) Communication

(b) Sex

(d) Temperament

(e) Children

(f) In-laws

(g) Job

(h) Housework

(i) Infidelity.

Approach

Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore such an one in the spirit of meekness; considering thyself, lest thou also be tempted.

Galatians 6:1

It is in the interest of married couples to do all they can to prevent problems from showing up in their marriages.

Preventive measures are always better than curative solutions to problems.

However, the reality of the marital relationship is that no matter what you do, issues crop up that lead to problems. If problems arise, your approach to solving them must be this:1

(a) Pray about the situation.

(b) Be positive that there is a solution.

(d) Identify the causes (sincerely). Get to the root, not the tip of the problem.

(e) If necessary, consult your pastors.

Methods of Solving Problems

1. Be ready to compromise.

There is no winner or loser in marriage, you are one flesh.2When there is a clear disagreement, the husband’s decision must stand and the wife must support it even if he turns out to be wrong. However, the man must not be domineering. He must not be a dictator in his house.3

2. Things to avoid when solving problems:

(a) Do not shout.

(b) Do not share your problems with your relatives or friends.

(d) Do not use sex as a weapon (do not refuse him/her).

(e) Do not refuse to eat prepared food.

(f) Never use the word DIVORCE in quarrels.

(g) Avoid the counsel of the ungodly.

3. Have a forgiving attitude and spirit.

Forgiveness is very essential for the survival of the marriage.4Do not be nice to outsiders, but impatient and inconsiderate to your spouse.

4. Be prepared to talk frankly about the issue.

The offended person must be willing to open up and share in love rather than nag, shout or bury things.

For I am full of matter, the spirit within me constraineth me. Behold, my belly is as wine which hath no vent; it is ready to burst like new bottles. I will speak, that I may be refreshed: I will open my lips and answer.

Job 32:18-20

5. The other party must be willing to accept fault and apologise.

“I AM SORRY.” These three words can resolve almost all quarrels. Be humble and don’t find it difficult to apologise.

And when ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have ought against any: that your Father also which is in heaven may forgive you your trespasses. But if ye do not forgive, neither will your Father which is in “heaven forgive your trespasses.

Mark 11:25-26

6. Do not let any problem colour your future actions.5

Counsellors to note:

1. Our marriage counselling applies to the ideal couple who are both born-again Christians and submitted to the Word of God.

2. If both of them are not fully submitted to the pastors and the Church, you cannot really solve the problems.

3. If the person is not in your church, don’t waste much time because they are not fully submitted to you.

4. Don’t take sides in solving problems.

5. Don’t answer the question, “What should I do?” in a direct way. People will say you made them do whatever they did.

6. Don’t be so vague that people cannot understand what you are saying.

Notes

Charles R. Swindoll, Strike the Original Match (Portland, Oregon: Multnomah Press, 1980), 106 - 66.

Les Carter, The Push-Pull Marriage: Learning and Living the Art of Give and Take (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1985), 67 - 81.

H. Norman Wright, Communication: Key To Your Marriage (Glendale, California: G/L Publications, 1974), 38, 163 - 6.

Bob and Jan Horner, Resolving Conflict in Your Marriage (Loveland, Colorado: Group Publishing Inc., 2000), 70 - 71.

Dennis and Barbara Rainey, Starting Your Marriage Right (Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2000), 48 - 51; Neil T. Anderson and Charles Nylander, The Christ-Centered Marriage (Ontario: Glint, 1996), 137.

by Dag Heward-Mills

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kdwellness01 · 13 days

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Understanding Mental Health Services in Ontario

Emotional well-being is a vital part of in general prosperity, influencing people’s thought process, feel, and act. In Ontario, the importance of Mental Health Services Ontario has gained significant attention, leading to the development of comprehensive services and support systems designed to address mental health challenges. This blog explores the state of mental health in Ontario, available services, recent initiatives, and how individuals can access the support they need.

The State of Mental Health in Ontario

Mental Health Services in Ontario

Ontario offers a wide range of mental health services aimed at providing care, support, and treatment for those in need. These services are designed to be accessible and effective, catering to various age groups and mental health conditions. Here are some key services available in Ontario:

Primary Care Providers

Description: Family doctors and general practitioners often serve as the first point of contact for individuals experiencing mental health issues. They can provide initial assessments, prescribe medications, and refer patients to specialized services.

Community Mental Health Services

Description: Community-based organizations offer a range of services, including counseling, support groups, crisis intervention, and case management. These organizations are essential for providing localized support and resources.

Specialized Clinics and Hospitals

Description: Ontario has numerous specialized clinics and hospitals dedicated to mental health care. CAMH, for example, is one of the largest mental health and addiction research centers in Canada, offering inpatient and outpatient services, as well as research and education programs.

Telehealth and Online Services

Description: With the advent of technology, telehealth services have become increasingly important. Platforms like BounceBack Ontario provide free, guided self-help programs, and virtual counseling sessions, making mental health support more accessible.

Crisis Services

Description: For immediate support, Ontario offers crisis hotlines and mobile crisis units. Services like the Ontario Mental Health Helpline and the Distress Centres of Greater Toronto provide 24/7 support for individuals in crisis.

Recent Initiatives and Programs

Ontario has launched several initiatives to improve Mental Health Services Ontario and reduce the stigma associated with mental health issues. Here are a few prominent projects and drives:

Mental Health and Addictions Strategy

Description: The Ontario government has implemented a comprehensive strategy to improve mental health and addiction services. This strategy focuses on early intervention, better access to services, and increased support for individuals and families.

Mind Beacon and Other Digital Solutions

School-Based Mental Health Programs

Description: Recognizing the importance of early intervention, Ontario has introduced mental health programs in schools. These programs aim to educate students about mental health, provide counseling services, and create a supportive environment for young people.

Workplace Mental Health Programs

Description: Employers in Ontario are increasingly recognizing the importance of mental health in the workplace. Programs and policies promoting mental well-being, stress management, and access to mental health resources are being implemented across various industries.

How to Access Mental Health Services Navigating the mental health system can be challenging, but several resources are available to help individuals access the support they need:

Family Doctor: Start by talking to your family doctor, who can provide initial assessments and referrals to specialized services. Community Health Centers: Many communities have health centers offering mental health services, including counseling and support groups. Online Resources: Websites like Ontario.ca and CAMH.ca provide comprehensive information on available services, self-help tools, and contact information for support organizations.

Helplines: Utilize helplines such as the Ontario Mental Health Helpline (613–879–6122) for immediate support and guidance on accessing services.

Conclusion Mental health is an integral part of overall health, and Ontario has made significant strides in providing comprehensive services to support individuals facing mental health challenges. From primary care providers to specialized clinics and digital solutions, the province offers a range of resources designed to meet diverse needs. By increasing awareness and improving access to mental health services, Ontario is fostering a more supportive and understanding environment for those affected by mental health issues. If you or someone you know is struggling, don’t hesitate to reach out to the available resources and take the first step towards better mental health.

#Psychological Assessment Ontario #ADHD assessment Ontario #Mental Health Services Ontario #Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Online #Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Ontario #Christian Counselling Ontario #Mental Health Ontario

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patrickkurtiskent · 3 years

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Be a Man - Devotional Be a Man – Devotional, is a short challenging day-by-day devotional dedicated to men. This devotional is to help and challenge men in their Christian walk with the Lord Jesus. It is written for new believers, young believers, men in prison, men in halfway houses, men in counselling programs, men in recovery programs. Or simply for those who want a little extra in their every day bible study time. Be a Man – Devotional, has a title that explains the entire book. Our job as husbands, fathers, uncles, sons, employees and co-workers, and citizens is to be, “MEN OF GOD.”

2 copies of Be a Man, Devotional is now in every prison facility in Newfoundland, Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, Canada. 2 copies of Be a Man has also been mailed out to every prison in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York State, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois, and Kentucky, USA. This ministry devotional is spreading westward to every prison in the USA. As I write these words, Be a Man is being translated into Spanish and is going to be distributed to every prison in Mexico and throughout Central/South America.

2 Timothy 3:16-17

Be a Man, Devotional: A 365 Day Devotional for Men https://www.amazon.com/dp/1986584704/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_glt_fabc_1FJJEZ6161KZTSM3FH6W

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adelineadkin · 4 years

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eQuestioning: Oral Questioning in Litigation in the Era of Social Distancing

By: Gideon Christian

PDF Version: eQuestioning: Oral Questioning in Litigation in the Era of Social Distancing

In adversarial litigation, oral questioning is an out-of-court pre-trial or pre-hearing proceeding where a party to litigation orally examines (by way of questioning) under oath another party adverse in interest, or their agents, for the purpose of adducing information that may be used as evidence. In the Alberta Rules of Court, Alta Reg 124/2010 (Alberta ROC), oral questioning can take the form of questioning for discovery (Rules 5.17 and 5.22) or questioning on application (Rules 6.7 and 6.8). Before the COVID-19 crisis and its social-distancing requirements, the default method of oral questioning in civil litigation was in person, with the parties and their lawyers present at a physical location accessible to all, such as the lawyer’s office or some other location chosen by the parties. A certified court reporter must also be present, who swears the witnesses and also takes record of the ‘question and answer’ proceeding.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in public health and judicial directives enforcing isolation and social-distancing rules. Consequentially, in-person questioning became impractical on public health grounds. Although the justice system was substantially paralysed by the pandemic, litigation must go on even in that state of paralysis. In response to the realities imposed on the justice system, in-person oral questioning gave way to virtual or remote questioning using audio- or video-conferencing technologies. This method of questioning is what I refer to in this post as eQuestioning (short for electronic questioning).

eQuestioning is no stranger to the civil justice system, although before the COVID-19 pandemic, it was the exceptional and sparsely used alternative to in-person questioning in litigation. But the COVID-19 crisis has changed the world in many ways, and in response to its travel restrictions and social-distancing measures, eQuestioning has become the default means of conducting oral questioning in litigation.

In this blog post, I will examine oral questioning in civil litigation and the rules governing eQuestioning in the Alberta ROC. I will also critique the recent decision on eQuestioning by the Alberta Court of Queens Bench in Sandhu v Siri Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara of Alberta, 2020 ABQB 359 (CanLII) (Sandhu).

Questioning for Discovery vs. Questioning on Application

Oral questioning for discovery enables a party to litigation to obtain information which is relevant and material to the litigation from parties adverse in interest, or their agents. This process is also known in some jurisdictions as oral discovery, examination for discovery, examination on discovery, oral examination or deposition. Rule 5.17 of the Alberta ROC allows for questioning under oath of a party adverse in interest for the purpose of obtaining “relevant and material records and relevant and material information.” The questioning can be done orally or in writing (Rule 5.22, Alberta ROC).

Oral questioning on application arises in two situations. First, a party adverse in interest may question the person swearing “an affidavit in support of an application or in response or reply to an application” (Rule 6.7, Alberta ROC). This is known as cross-examination on affidavit. Second, a witness at the hearing of an application may be questioned under oath before the hearing for the purpose of obtaining evidence admissible at the hearing of the application (Rule 6.8, Alberta ROC).

Some important similarities between questioning for discovery and questioning on application are:

Both proceedings are pre-trial or pre-hearing proceedings.

Unlike a normal court proceeding, they are not open to the public and involve only the parties, their counsel, and other authorized persons.

Both proceedings are out-of-court and do not involve the judge; the lawyers run the process. This can sometimes lead to chaotic drama, like the American deposition seen here.

Notwithstanding the similarities, there are also important differences between the two. The transcript of proceedings in oral questioning on application is evidence before the court and can be relied on by either party. In oral questioning for discovery, the transcript is not evidence before the court. The transcript (or a portion of it) becomes evidence only when “read in”, generally by the party who conducted the questioning.

The Pre-COVID-19 In-Person Default

Although the Alberta ROC do not explicitly provide any default method for the conduct of questioning in litigation, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, as noted earlier, the default was in-person presence at a predetermined location by the parties and their lawyers. Thus, the party seeking to conduct questioning in litigation initiates the process by serving on the party to be questioned a notice of appointment (Form 29) specifying date, time and place for the appointment for questioning. The notice must be served along with reasonable payment for accommodation, meals, and transportation expenses (Rule 6.17, Alberta ROC).

The main problem associated with this in-person process is cost. That is especially the case when the parties, their lawyers, and the persons to be questioned live in different and distant locations. The expense in travel and accommodation for all persons involved adds to the cost of the litigation, and the farther their locations from the venue of the questioning, the higher the cost. Now, with the COVID-19 crisis, in-person questioning is practically impossible. This has resulted in a “new normal,” where questioning using tele- or video-conferencing technology has become the default means of conducting questioning. As would be expected, not all litigants have been receptive to the change. Some would rather have the oral questioning process suspended until the world returns to a normality that would allow the continuation of the in-person process. See Arconti v Smith, 2020 ONSC 2782 (CanLII) (Arconti); Sandhu.

eQuestioning and the Alberta Rules of Court

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Alberta courts had on some occasions authorized the use of eQuestioning in civil litigation. This was done without any reference to any applicable provision in the Alberta ROC as a basis for the order. The use of eQuestioning in Geophysical Service Incorporated v Falkland Oil and Gas Limited, 2019 ABQB 314 (CanLII), for example, seemed to have been based largely on the agreement of the parties rather than on any applicable provision in the Alberta ROC. However, in Franiel v Toronto-Dominion Bank 2020 ABQB 66 (CanLII) (Franiel), the court was rather hard on a party for insisting on in-person questioning when eQuestioning via video conference was an available and viable option. In that case, Master Andrew Robertson ruled that if the plaintiff insisted on in-person questioning of the defendant bank’s witness who resides in Toronto, then the plaintiff must “pay for airfare, hotel (likely two nights), meals, and conduct money for that witness’ attendance in Calgary” (at para 42). In the alternative, Master Robertson recommended that the plaintiff conduct the questioning using videoconferencing, which was less expensive and more efficient:

My recommendation is that videoconference be used. It would be less expensive and likely could be arranged more quickly and easily than an attendance requiring the witness to spend, in practical terms, three days in total to travel to Calgary, testify, and then travel back to Toronto. (at para 43)

It should be noted that in recommending the use of eQuestioning via videoconference, Master Robertson made no reference to any provision in the Alberta ROC. Rather, he noted that “[t]he Foundational Rules direct that the Court and the parties are to find the most efficient way to find a resolution to the case” (at para 40). I will come back to these foundational rules later.

So, what rule or rules govern eQuestioning in Alberta? Unlike in Ontario, which clearly provides for the use of tele- and video-conferencing technologies in all or part of a proceeding or steps in a proceeding (Rule 1.08, Rules of Civil Procedure, RRO 1990, Reg 194, emphasis added), the Alberta ROC lack a similarly worded provision. Justice Michael Lema was faced with this difficulty in Sandhu. The issue in that case was whether the cross-examination on affidavits should be suspended until the COVID-19 pandemic has cleared, or whether it should be conducted sooner by videoconference.

In Sandhu, Justice Lema seemed to consider Rule 6.10 of the Alberta ROC as one of the governing rules for remote questioning. Rule 6.10 deals with “electronic hearing”, which is defined as:

an application, proceeding, summary trial or trial conducted, in whole or in part, by electronic means in which all the participants in a hearing and the Court can hear each other, whether or not all or some of the participants and the Court can see each other or are in each other’s presence. (emphasis added)

Clearly, electronic hearing can only apply to any of the above listed proceedings in which the participants and the court are involved. As has been noted above, questioning for discovery and questioning on application are out-of-court pre-trial or pre-hearing proceedings that involve the parties and their lawyers. The court is not involved, and the judge does not participate. The absence of the court’s involvement takes the proceeding outside the context of Rule 6.10.

Justice Lema initially acknowledged this in his judgment (at paras 19-20), but then sought to invoke a predecessor rule and caselaw in support of the use of Rule 6.10 as a governing rule for eQuestioning – Rule 261.1 of the old Alberta Rules of Court, Alta Reg 390/1968. The old rule provides that “[o]n application to the Court and on showing good reason for doing so, the Court may permit evidence to be admitted by telephone, audio?visually or by other means satisfactory to the Court.” Justice Lema went further, citing De Carvalho v Watson, 2000 CanLII 28217 (AB QB) where Justice Craig Jones broadly interpreted Rule 261.1 “to allow for the continued examination of an individual on an examination for discovery by appropriate audiovisual techniques” (at para 18).

Without disputing Justice Jones’ broad interpretation of Rule 261.1, it is vital to note the important difference between Rule 261.1 (the old Rule) and Rule 6.10 (the new Rule). The difference lies in the latter’s clear and obvious requirement of the court’s involvement in a hearing in order for Rule 6.10 to apply. This requirement is not evident in Rule 261.1, which only requires an application be made to the court to authorize the use of electronic means for the admission of evidence. Unlike Rule 6.10, this can be broadly interpreted to apply to out-of-court proceedings in a matter before the court such as questioning for discovery or questioning on affidavit.

Clearly then, the argument I am making here is that Rule 6.10 cannot be used as a basis for virtual or eQuestioning. What rule(s) then will apply? In Franiel, Master Robertson alluded to the foundational rules’ requirement that the court and parties seek out the most efficient means of resolution of the litigation. In Sandhu, Justice Lema rightly considered the foundational rules in justification of his order to permit remote cross-examination on affidavit.

The Foundational Rules

The foundational rules are found in Part 1 of the Alberta ROC. They provide guidance on the interpretation of the Rules, including practice and procedural orders that the court can make to achieve the purpose and intention of the Rules. The foundational rules appear to provide substantive grounds for ordering the use of eQuestioning in litigation. Rule 1.2, for example, clearly lays out the purpose and intention of the Alberta ROC which includes, among other things, “to provide a means by which claims can be fairly and justly resolved in or by a court process in a timely and cost?effective way…” and “to facilitate the quickest means of resolving a claim at the least expense” (emphasis added).

In a COVID-19 era where the court system has almost come to a grinding halt, eQuestioning provides a means of safely and efficiently conducting questionings in litigation, thus enhancing timely resolution of matters before the court. Even with the social-distancing rules in place, parties can still conduct this aspect of the litigation process without necessarily having to wait until the world returns to in-person normality. Also, it need not be re-emphasised that eQuestioning may prove to be the least expensive means of conducting questioning, as in-person questioning can add significantly to the cost of litigation, especially where the parties reside in locations very far from the venue of the questioning.

In addition, Rule 1.4 provides further assistance in this regard. Rule 1.4 advances the purpose and intention outlined in Rule 1.2 by permitting the court to “make any order with respect to practice or procedure, or both, in an action, application or proceeding before the Court.” Further to that, Rule 1.4 (2) provides:

Without limiting subrule (1), and in addition to any specific authority the Court has under these rules, the Court may, unless specifically limited by these rules, do one or more of the following:

…

(c) give orders or directions or make a ruling with respect to an action, application or proceeding, or a related matter.

Although eQuestioning is not expressly provided for in the Alberta ROC, these foundational rules undoubtedly provide legal basis for its use in civil litigation, especially in the era of COVID-19. eQuestioning falls in line with the purpose and intention of the Rules in achieving a timely and cost?effective resolution of litigation.

Making a Case for eQuestioning

A starting point in making a case for eQuestioning in civil litigation is an inquiry into its necessity in our civil justice system. Currently, the strongest case for eQuestioning is clearly related to the travel restrictions, isolations and social-distancing requirements imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. But even beyond COVID-19, there are other reasons that justify the use of this electronic process. Cost, time efficiency, and effectiveness of the process count. In-person processes often entail a longer timeframe.

eQuestioning is also a very convenient process and is often easier to schedule than its in-person alternative. Counsel and the parties are able to participate from the comfort of their homes or offices. This is especially important where any of them has limitations such as physical mobility. The convenience associated with this process also limits the likely absence or unavailability of the participants in the proceeding.

While time, cost, and efficiency are some of the major factors in support of eQuestioning, some concerns have been raised against this process and in support of the pre-COVID-19 status quo. Some of these arguments were raised by the plaintiff in the Ontario case of Arconti, COVID-19 era litigation where the plaintiff objected to examination for discovery by videoconference. These objections included: (i) the difficulty in assessing a witness’s demeanour remotely; and (ii) that the use of technology in the questioning process will facilitate the ability of the party to cheat and abuse the process. I will address both of these concerns.

First, in conducting examination of a witness in the course of a proceeding, observation of the demeanour of the witness may be important. When the credibility of the witness is an issue in the proceeding, the observation of their demeanour is best made in an in-person proceeding. But it is important to make a distinction between a pre-trial proceeding and the actual trial. While credibility issues often arise in hearings or trials where a judge (or jury) is present, in most pre-trial proceedings such as questioning for discovery or questioning on affidavit, credibility is rarely an important issue. Hardly (if ever) do the transcripts from these proceedings (which are or may become evidence in court) record information about the demeanours of the witnesses. Hence, the need to observe the demeanour of the witness is not a significant enough factor to warrant an in-person process in all situations. This position is further supported by the fact that the Alberta ROC allows for written questioning (in questioning for discovery), which provides no opportunity for observing the demeanour of the party responding to the questions (Rule 5.22(b)).

The second argument relates to the use of technology to facilitate the ability to cheat and abuse the questioning process. Concern may be raised about the ability of a remote witness to be coached or unduly influenced in the course of eQuestioning. This is a practical reality which cannot be totally eliminated, but it can be checked. First, the person being questioned may be placed in an environment where they can be subject to a 360-degree view on a video camera or cameras, and any individual (except counsel) whose presence is not relevant to the questioning may be required to leave the room. Further, our code of professional conduct as lawyers provides an ethical check on cheating or abuse of court (and out-of-court) processes in the conduct of litigation. Lawyers have an ethical obligation to prevent their clients from engaging in such conduct. Rule 5.1-5 of the Law Society of Alberta Code of Conduct prohibits counsel from misleading the tribunal or assisting a client or witness to do the same. Justice Frederick Myers rightly summed this up in Arconti:

While no one is immune from cheating, regulated professionals must maintain professional ethics [or] have their licenses at risk. Their professional reputations are their lifeblood. While the court remains open to receive evidence of abuse of any examination or other process in a lawsuit, and should deal strongly with any proven abuse, I do not think an amorphous risk of abuse is a good basis to decline to use available technology. (at para 26)

In making a case for eQuestioning in litigation, I must admit that there are cases where in-person questioning may be a better alternative to eQuestioning. For example, where the questioning involves the examination of physical objects, or an expert witness examining detailed technical presentations and models, in-person presence of the participants in a physical location will be a better alternative.

Conclusion

So why must lawyers continue to push for the use of eQuestioning in civil litigation? Because, to quote Justice Myers in Arconti (at para 19), “It’s 2020.” Technology will continue to disrupt our usual ways of doing things. It will continue to provide us with better and innovative alternatives. It is important that our profession and the justice system embrace these better and innovative alternatives rather than stick to the old and often expensive and time-consuming ways of doing things.

This post may be cited as: Gideon Christian, “eQuestioning: Oral Questioning in Litigation in the Era of Social Distancing” (June 22, 2020), online: ABlawg, http://ablawg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Blog_GC_eQuestioning.pdf

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