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rabbitcruiser · 7 months

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Gandhi Jayanti

Gandhi Jayanti is an annual celebration held in India on October 2nd of every year. It is a national holiday in the country that marks the birthday of Gandhi, who is called as the ‘Father of the Nation.’ The celebration of Gandhi Jayanti is an honor and tribute from the people of India to Gandhi who was an icon of the independence of India. The nation pays homage to this great legend Gandhi as a remembrance for his contributions towards the freedom struggle of India.

“Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.” – Mahatma Gandhi

History of Gandhi Jayanti

The birthday of Gandhi or Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti or Mahatma Gandhi Jayanti in India. He is also called as the Father of the Nation, Gandhiji, Gandhi, Bapu. He was born in Porbandar, a small town in Gujarat on October 2, 1869. His father was Karamchand Gandhi, and his mother was Putlibai. Gandhi attended the middle school in Porbandar and high school in Rajkot. He married Kasturba at the age of 13. Gandhi studied law in the United Kingdom and went to South Africa to practice as a lawyer. He then left his practice and returned to the homeland due to his love for his country and to fight for the freedom of his people. He was a both a political as well as the spiritual leader in India who had played a vital role in Indian Independence movement.

Gandhi Jayanti is one among the three national holidays of the country celebrated by all the people. He had given the nation and the world with the principles of truth, non-violence, and honesty. Gandhiji is an iconic figure in and around the country which is known for his unique practices of non-violence or ahimsa. He believed in “Satyagraha,” the philosophy of truth and in the power of nonviolence. He adopted these beliefs in his leadership, and it helped in achieving India’s Independence. Gandhi had a true love for both truth and duty. He proved the world that freedom could be attained through the path of non-violence which is certainly the most powerful methods of obtaining the goals. October 2nd has also been honored by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) as the International Day of Non- Violence.

During the 1890’s, when Gandhi was in South Africa he was subjected to the injustice of the colonial imperialism in the nation. He was a victim of the racial discrimination and social bigotry. It impacted not only him but also the country which led to his social activism. In 1894, he formed the Natal Indian Congress in South Africa with the help of the Indian community. It had later, molded into an active political party in the country. In 1906, his political members involved in a peaceful protest were subjected to violent treatment by the local government, which made him formed the idea of “Satyagraha,” which means the force of truth.

When Gandhi left from Africa to India, he witnessed the same in his country. He then carried out the same to help people protest against the dominance of the British Raj. Gandhi is known for his non-violent civil disobedience in countries like India and South Africa. It included the origin of the non-cooperation movement in the year 1922 and the Salt Satyagraha, or Dandi March held on March 12, 1930. Gandhiji had not only left a tremendous impact on the nation’s revolts for freedom, but he has also debuted ideology, philosophy, charitable acts and great teachings. Through Gandhi’s efforts, India finally gained its independence on August 15, 1947.

Happy Gandhi Jayanti Quotes

‘Seven social sins : politics without principles, wealth without work, pleasure without conscience, knowledge without character, commerce without morality, science without humanity and worship without sacrifice.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘An error does not become truth by reason of multiplied progration,nor does trouyh become error because nobody see it. Truth stands,even if there be no public support . it is self sustained.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘An eye for an eye will only make the whole blind.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘When I despair, I remember that all through history the way of truth and love always won. There have been tyrants and murderers and fir a time, they can seem invincible but in the end they always fall. Think of it -always.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘Our beliefs become your thoughts, Your thoughts become your words, Your word become your actions,Your action become your habit, Your habit become your values, your values become your destiny’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is like an ocean. If a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean not become dirty.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘Each night, when I go to sleep,I die.And the next morning, When I wake up, I am reborn.’ – Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019

‘You can chain me, you can torture me, you can even destroy this body, but you will never imprison my mind.-Ahimsa means not to injure any creature by thought, word or deed, not even to the supposed advantage of this creature.’ Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019!

‘A man is but the product of his thoughts what he thinks, he becomes.-Whenever you have truth it must be given with love, or the message and the messenger will be rejected.-Freedom is not worth having if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes.’ Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019!

‘You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty. Honest differences are often a healthy sign of progress.’ Happy Gandhi Jayanti 2019!

How to Celebrate Gandhi Jayanti

Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated in all parts of the country. Special events will be organized at Raj Ghat, New Delhi where Gandhiji was cremated. It is declared as a national holiday. Schools, colleges, offices, and other institutions remain closed on this day. People pray, pay homage and sing “Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram, Patit Pavan Sita Ram” which is Gandhiji’s favorite song. Wear clothes made in India as Gandhiji encouraged people to wear spin and weave cotton cloth. Read his autobiography to know more about Gandhi.

Source

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yaggy031910 · 11 months

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The napoleonic marshal‘s children

After seeing @josefavomjaaga’s and @northernmariette’s marshal calendar, I wanted to do a similar thing for all the marshal’s children! So I did! I hope you like it. c: I listed them in more or less chronological order but categorised them in years (especially because we don‘t know all their birthdays). At the end of this post you are going to find remarks about some of the marshals because not every child is listed! ^^“ To the question about the sources: I mostly googled it and searched their dates in Wikipedia, ahaha. Nevertheless, I also found this website. However, I would be careful with it. We are talking about history and different sources can have different dates. I am always open for corrections. Just correct me in the comments if you find or know a trustful source which would show that one or some of the dates are incorrect. At the end of the day it is harmless fun and research. :) Pre 1790

François Étienne Kellermann (4 August 1770- 2 June 1835)

Marguerite Cécile Kellermann (15 March 1773 - 12 August 1850)

Ernestine Grouchy (1787–1866)

Mélanie Marie Josèphe de Pérignon (1788 - 1858)

Alphonse Grouchy (1789–1864)

Jean-Baptiste Sophie Pierre de Pérignon (1789- 14 January 1807)

Marie Françoise Germaine de Pérignon (1789 - 15 May 1844)

Angélique Catherine Jourdan (1789 or 1791 - 7 March 1879)

1790 - 1791

Marie-Louise Oudinot (1790–1832)

Marie-Anne Masséna (8 July 1790 - 1794)

Charles Oudinot (1791 - 1863)

Aimee-Clementine Grouchy (1791–1826)

Anne-Francoise Moncey (1791–1842)

1792 - 1793

Bon-Louis Moncey (1792–1817)

Victorine Perrin (1792–1822)

Anne-Charlotte Macdonald (1792–1870)

François Henri de Pérignon (23 February 1793 - 19 October 1841)

Jacques Prosper Masséna (25 June 1793 - 13 May 1821)

1794 - 1795

Victoire Thècle Masséna (28 September 1794 - 18 March 1857)

Adele-Elisabeth Macdonald (1794–1822)

Marguerite-Félécité Desprez (1795-1854); adopted by Sérurier

Nicolette Oudinot (1795–1865)

Charles Perrin (1795–15 March 1827)

1796 - 1997

Emilie Oudinot (1796–1805)

Victor Grouchy (1796–1864)

Napoleon-Victor Perrin (24 October 1796 - 2 December 1853)

Jeanne Madeleine Delphine Jourdan (1797-1839)

1799

François Victor Masséna (2 April 1799 - 16 April 1863)

Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte (4 July 1799 – 8 July 1859)

Auguste Oudinot (1799–1835)

Caroline de Pérignon (1799-1819)

Eugene Perrin (1799–1852)

1800

Nina Jourdan (1800-1833)

Caroline Mortier de Trevise (1800–1842)

1801

Achille Charles Louis Napoléon Murat (21 January 1801 - 15 April 1847)

Louis Napoléon Lannes (30 July 1801 – 19 July 1874)

Elise Oudinot (1801–1882)

1802

Marie Letizia Joséphine Annonciade Murat (26 April 1802 - 12 March 1859)

Alfred-Jean Lannes (11 July 1802 – 20 June 1861)

Napoléon Bessière (2 August 1802 - 21 July 1856)

Paul Davout (1802–1803)

Napoléon Soult (1802–1857)

1803

Marie-Agnès Irma de Pérignon (5 April 1803 - 16 December 1849)

Joseph Napoléon Ney (8 May 1803 – 25 July 1857)

Lucien Charles Joseph Napoléon Murat (16 May 1803 - 10 April 1878)

Jean-Ernest Lannes (20 July 1803 – 24 November 1882)

Alexandrine-Aimee Macdonald (1803–1869)

Sophie Malvina Joséphine Mortier de Trévise ( 1803 - ???)

1804

Napoléon Mortier de Trévise (6 August 1804 - 29 December 1869)

Michel Louis Félix Ney (24 August 1804 – 14 July 1854)

Gustave-Olivier Lannes (4 December 1804 – 25 August 1875)

Joséphine Davout (1804–1805)

Hortense Soult (1804–1862)

Octavie de Pérignon (1804-1847)

1805

Louise Julie Caroline Murat (21 March 1805 - 1 December 1889)

Antoinette Joséphine Davout (1805 – 19 August 1821)

Stephanie-Josephine Perrin (1805–1832)

1806

Josephine-Louise Lannes (4 March 1806 – 8 November 1889)

Eugène Michel Ney (12 July 1806 – 25 October 1845)

Edouard Moriter de Trévise (1806–1815)

Léopold de Pérignon (1806-1862)

1807

Adèle Napoleone Davout (June 1807 – 21 January 1885)

Jeanne-Francoise Moncey (1807–1853)

1808: Stephanie Oudinot (1808-1893) 1809: Napoleon Davout (1809–1810)

1810: Napoleon Alexander Berthier (11 September 1810 – 10 February 1887)

1811

Napoleon Louis Davout (6 January 1811 - 13 June 1853)

Louise-Honorine Suchet (1811 – 1885)

Louise Mortier de Trévise (1811–1831)

1812

Edgar Napoléon Henry Ney (12 April 1812 – 4 October 1882)

Caroline-Joséphine Berthier (22 August 1812 – 1905)

Jules Davout (December 1812 - 1813)

1813: Louis-Napoleon Suchet (23 May 1813- 22 July 1867/77)

1814: Eve-Stéphanie Mortier de Trévise (1814–1831) 1815

Marie Anne Berthier (February 1815 - 23 July 1878)

Adelaide Louise Davout (8 July 1815 – 6 October 1892)

Laurent François or Laurent-Camille Saint-Cyr (I found two almost similar names with the same date so) (30 December 1815 – 30 January 1904)

1816: Louise Marie Oudinot (1816 - 1909)

1817

Caroline Oudinot (1817–1896)

Caroline Soult (1817–1817)

1819: Charles-Joseph Oudinot (1819–1858)

1820: Anne-Marie Suchet (1820 - 27 May 1835) 1822: Henri Oudinot ( 3 February 1822 – 29 July 1891) 1824: Louis Marie Macdonald (11 November 1824 - 6 April 1881.) 1830: Noemie Grouchy (1830–1843) —————— Children without clear birthdays:

Camille Jourdan (died in 1842)

Sophie Jourdan (died in 1820)

Additional remarks: - Marshal Berthier died 8.5 months before his last daughter‘s birth. - Marshal Oudinot had 11 children and the age difference between his first and last child is around 32 years. - The age difference between marshal Grouchy‘s first and last child is around 43 years. - Marshal Lefebvre had fourteen children (12 sons, 2 daughters) but I couldn‘t find anything kind of reliable about them so they are not listed above. I am aware that two sons of him were listed in the link above. Nevertheless, I was uncertain to name them in my list because I thought that his last living son died in the Russian campaign while the website writes about the possibility of another son dying in 1817. - Marshal Augerau had no children. - Marshal Brune had apparently adopted two daughters whose names are unknown. - Marshal Pérignon: I couldn‘t find anything about his daughters, Justine, Elisabeth and Adèle, except that they died in infancy. - Marshal Sérurier had no biological children but adopted Marguerite-Félécité Desprez in 1814. - Marshal Marmont had no children. - I found out that marshal Saint-Cyr married his first cousin, lol. - I didn‘t find anything about marshal Poniatowski having children. Apparently, he wasn‘t married either (thank you, @northernmariette for the correction of this fact! c:)

#Marshal‘s children calendar #literally every napoleonic marshal ahaha #napoleonic era #Napoleonic children #I am not putting all the children‘s names into the tags #Thank you no thank you! :)#YES I posted it without double checking every child so don‘t be surprised when I have to correct some stuff 😭#napoleon's marshals #napoleonic

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troybeecham · 11 months

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Today the Church remembers the 108 Blessed Polish Martyrs.

Orate pro nobis.

The 108 Blessed Polish Martyrs were Roman Catholic Christians in Poland killed during World War II by the Nazis, either in the concentration camps or by mass slaughter on the streets. The group comprises 3 bishops, 79 priests, 7 male religious, 8 female religious, and 11 lay people. There are two parishes named for the 108 Martyrs of World War II in Powiercie in Koło County, and in Malbork, Poland.

The 108 Blessed Martyrs were beatified on 13 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II in Warsaw, Poland.

List of Martyrs

Bishops

1. Antoni Julian Nowowiejski (1858–1941 KL Soldau), bishop

2. Leon Wetmański (1886–1941 KL Soldau), bishop

3. Władysław Goral (1898–1945 KL Sachsenhausen), bishop

Priests

1. Adam Bargielski, priest from Myszyniec (1903–1942 KZ Dachau)

2. Aleksy Sobaszek, priest (1895–1942 KL Dachau)

3. Alfons Maria Mazurek, Carmelite friar, prior, priest (1891–1944, shot by the Gestapo)

4. Alojzy Liguda, Society of the Divine Word, priest (1898–1942 KL Dachau)

5. Anastazy Jakub Pankiewicz, Franciscan friar, priest (1882–1942 KL Dachau)

6. Anicet Kopliński, Capuchin friar, priest in Warsaw (1875–1941)

7. Antoni Beszta-Borowski, priest, dean of Bielsk Podlaski (1880–1943, shot near Bielsk Podlaski)

8. Antoni Leszczewicz, Marian Father, priest (1890–1943, burnt to death in Rosica, Belarus)

9. Antoni Rewera, priest, dean of the Cathedral Chapter in Sandomierz (1869–1942 KL Dachau)

10. Antoni Świadek, priest from Bydgoszcz (1909–1945 KL Dachau)

11. Antoni Zawistowski, priest (1882–1942 KL Dachau)

12. Bolesław Strzelecki, priest (1896–1941 KL Auschwitz)

13. Bronisław Komorowski, priest (1889–22 March 1940 KL Stutthof)

14. Dominik Jędrzejewski, priest (1886–1942 KL Dachau)

15. Edward Detkens, priest (1885–1942 KL Dachau)

16. Edward Grzymała, priest (1906–1942 KL Dachau)

17. Emil Szramek, priest (1887–1942 KL Dachau)

18. Fidelis Chojnacki, Capuchin friar, priest (1906–1942, KL Dachau)

19. Florian Stępniak, Capuchin friar, priest (1912–1942 KL Dachau)

20. Franciszek Dachtera, priest (1910–23 August 1942 KL Dachau)

21. Franciszek Drzewiecki, Orionine Father, priest (1908–1942 KL Dachau); from Zduny, he was condemned to heavy work in the plantation of Dachau. While he was bending over tilling the soil, he adored the consecrated hosts kept in a small box in front of him. While he was going to the gas chamber, he encouraged his companions, saying "We offer our life for God, for the Church and for our Country".

22. Franciszek Rogaczewski, priest from Gdańsk (1892–1940, shot in Stutthof or in Piaśnica, Pomerania)

23. Franciszek Rosłaniec, priest (1889–1942 KL Dachau)

24. Henryk Hlebowicz, priest (1904–1941, shot at Borisov in Belarus)

25. Henryk Kaczorowski, priest from Włocławek (1888–1942)

26. Henryk Krzysztofik, religious priest (1908–1942 KL Dachau)

27. Hilary Paweł Januszewski, religious priest (1907–1945 KL Dachau)

28. Jan Antonin Bajewski, Conventual Franciscan friar, priest (1915–1941 KL Auschwitz); of Niepokalanow. These were the closest collaborators of St Maximilian Kolbe in the fight for God's cause and together suffered and helped each other spiritually in their offering their lives at Auschwitz

29. Jan Franciszek Czartoryski, Dominican friar, priest (1897–1944)

30. Jan Nepomucen Chrzan, priest (1885–1942 KL Dachau)

31. Jerzy Kaszyra, Marian Father, priest (1910–1943, burnt to death in Rosica, Belarus)

32. Józef Achilles Puchała, Franciscan friar, priest (1911–1943, killed near Iwieniec, Belarus)

33. Józef Cebula, Missionary Oblate, priest (23 March 1902 – 9 May 1941 KL Mauthausen)[

34. Józef Czempiel, priest (1883–1942 KL Mauthausen)

35. Józef Innocenty Guz, Franciscan friar, priest (1890–1940 KL Sachsenhausen)

36. Józef Jankowski, Pallotine, priest (1910 born in Czyczkowy near Brusy, Kashubia (died 16 October 1941 in KL Auschwitz beaten by a kapo)

37. Józef Kowalski, Salesian, priest (1911–1942) , priest beaten to death on 3 July 1942 in the KL Auschwitz concentration camp

38. Józef Kurzawa, priest (1910–1940)

39. Józef Kut, priest (1905–1942 KL Dachau)

40. Józef Pawłowski, priest (1890–9 January 1942 KL Dachau)

41. Józef Stanek, Pallottine, priest (1916–23 September 1944, murdered in Warsaw)

42. Józef Straszewski, priest (1885–1942 KL Dachau)

43. Karol Herman Stępień, Franciscan friar, priest (1910–1943, killed near Iwieniec, Belarus)

44. Kazimierz Gostyński, priest (1884–1942 KL Dachau)

45. Kazimierz Grelewski, priest (1907–1942 KL Dachau)

46. Kazimierz Sykulski, priest (1882–1942 KL Auschwitz)

47. Krystyn Gondek, Franciscan friar, priest (1909–1942 KL Dachau)

48. Leon Nowakowski, priest (1913–1939)

49. Ludwik Mzyk, Society of the Divine Word, priest (1905–1940)

50. Ludwik Pius Bartosik, Conventual Franciscan friar, priest (1909–1941 KL Auschwitz); of Niepokalanow. These were the closest collaborators of St Maximilian Kolbe in the fight for God's cause and together suffered and helped each other spiritually in their offering their lives at Auschwitz

51. Ludwik Roch Gietyngier, priest from Częstochowa (1904–1941 KL Dachau)

52. Maksymilian Binkiewicz, priest (1913–24 July 1942, beaten, died in KL Dachau)

53. Marian Gorecki, priest (1903–22 March 1940 KL Stutthof)

54. Marian Konopiński, Capuchin friar, priest (1907–1 January 1943 KL Dachau)

55. Marian Skrzypczak, priest (1909–1939 shot in Plonkowo)

56. Michał Oziębłowski, priest (1900–1942 KL Dachau)

57. Michał Piaszczyński, priest (1885–1940 KL Sachsenhausen)

58. Michał Woźniak, priest (1875–1942 KL Dachau)

59. Mieczysław Bohatkiewicz, priest (1904–4 March 1942, shot in Berezwecz)

60. Narcyz Putz, priest (1877–1942 KL Dachau)

61. Narcyz Turchan, priest (1879–1942 KL Dachau)

62. Piotr Edward Dankowski, priest (1908–3 April 1942 KL Auschwitz)

63. Roman Archutowski, priest (1882–1943 KL Majdanek)

64. Roman Sitko, priest (1880–1942 KL Auschwitz)

65. Stanisław Kubista, Society of the Divine Word, priest (1898–1940 KL Sachsenhausen)

66. Stanisław Kubski, priest (1876–1942, prisoner in KL Dachau, killed in Hartheim near Linz)

67. Stanisław Mysakowski, priest (1896–1942 KL Dachau)

68. Stanisław Pyrtek, priest (1913–4 March 1942, shot in Berezwecz)

69. Stefan Grelewski, priest (1899–1941 KL Dachau)

70. Wincenty Matuszewski, priest (1869–1940)

71. Władysław Błądziński, Michaelite, priest (1908–1944, KL Gross-Rosen)

72. Władysław Demski, priest (1884–28 May 1940, KL Sachsenhausen)

73. Władysław Maćkowiak, priest (1910–4 March 1942 shot in Berezwecz)

74. Władysław Mączkowski, priest (1911–20 August 1942 KL Dachau)

75. Władysław Miegoń, priest, commander lieutenant (1892–1942 KL Dachau)

76. Włodzimierz Laskowski, priest (1886–1940 KL Gusen)

77. Wojciech Nierychlewski, religious, priest (1903–1942, KL Auschwitz)

78. Zygmunt Pisarski, priest (1902–1943)

79. Zygmunt Sajna, priest (1897–1940, shot at Palmiry, near Warsaw)

Religious brothers

1. Brunon Zembol, friar (1905–1942 KL Dachau)

2. Grzegorz Bolesław Frąckowiak, Society of the Divine Word friar (1911–1943, guillotined in Dresden)

3. Józef Zapłata, friar (1904–1945 KL Dachau)

4. Marcin Oprządek, friar (1884–1942 KL Dachau)

5. Piotr Bonifacy Żukowski, friar (1913–1942 KL Auschwitz)

6. Stanisław Tymoteusz Trojanowski, friar (1908–1942 KL Auschwitz)

7. Symforian Ducki, friar (1888–1942 KL Auschwitz)

Nuns and religious sisters

1. Alicja Maria Jadwiga Kotowska, sister, based on eye-witness reports comforted and huddled with Jewish children before she and the children were executed (1899–1939, executed at Piaśnica, Pomerania)

2. Ewa Noiszewska, sister (1885–1942, executed at Góra Pietrelewicka near Slonim, Belarus)

3. Julia Rodzińska, Dominican sister (1899–20 February 1945, KL Stutthof); she died having contracted typhoid serving the Jewish women prisoners in a hut for which she had volunteered.

4. Katarzyna Celestyna Faron (1913–1944, KL Auschwitz); (1913–1944), had offered her life for the conversion of an Old Catholic bishop Władysław Faron (no relation). She was arrested by the Gestapo and condemned to Auschwitz camp. She put up heroically with all the abuses of the camp and died on Easter Sunday 1944. The bishop later returned to the Catholic Church).

5. Maria Antonina Kratochwil, SSND nun (1881–1942) died as a result of the torture she endured while imprisoned in Stanisławów.

6. Maria Klemensa Staszewska (1890–1943 KL Auschwitz)

7. Marta Wołowska (1879–1942, executed at Góra Pietrelewicka near Slonim, Belarus)

8. Mieczysława Kowalska, sister (1902–1941, Soldau concentration camp in Działdowo)

Roman Catholic laity

1. Bronisław Kostkowski, alumnus (1915–1942 KL Dachau)

2. Czesław Jóźwiak (1919–1942, guillotined in a prison in Dresden)

3. Edward Kaźmierski (1919–1942, guillotined in a prison in Dresden)

4. Edward Klinik (1919–1942, guillotined in a prison in Dresden)

5. Franciszek Kęsy (1920–1942, guillotined in a prison in Dresden)

6. Franciszek Stryjas (1882–31 July 1944, Kalisz prison)

7. Jarogniew Wojciechowski (1922–1942, guillotined in a prison in Dresden)

8. Marianna Biernacka (1888–13 July 1943), executed instead of her pregnant daughter-in-law Anna, offered her life for her and her unborn grandchild)

9. Natalia Tułasiewicz (1906–31 March 1945, died in KL Ravensbrück)

10. Stanisław Starowieyski (1895–1941 in KL Dachau)

11. Tadeusz Dulny, alumnus (1914–1942 KL Dachau)

Almighty God, by whose grace and power your Holy Martyrs of Poland triumphed over suffering and were faithful even to death: Grant us, who now remember them in thanksgiving, to be so faithful in our witness to you in this world, that we may receive with them the crown of life; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, forever and ever. Amen.

(Fr. Józef Kowalski, priest beaten to death on 3 July 1942 in the KL Auschwitz concentration camp)

(Sr. Alicja Jadwiga Kotowska, a nun killed protecting a group of Jewish children in 1939 in the mass murders in Piaśnica)

#father troy beecham #christianity #jesus #saints #god #salvation #peace #martyrs #faith #christian persecution

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pix4japan · 6 months

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1950s Black Japanese Desktop Telephone: NTT Model 4

Location: Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum, Koganei, Tokyo Timestamp: 13:29 on October 25, 2023

Pentax K-1 II + DFA 28-105mm F3.5-5.6 80 mm ISO 800 for 1/20 sec. at ƒ/9.0

Work to establish Japan's first telegraph line began on October 23, 1869, connecting Yokohama and Tokyo. Interestingly, this initiative came 14 years after Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Japan's telecommunication journey progressed further when the first rotary dial telephone, an all-black model, was introduced in 1933. This design was based on the renowned American industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss's "Type 302 Desk Telephone."

Amidst Japan's post-war rebuilding efforts, a pivotal development for domestic telecommunications took place in 1950. The Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) unveiled the Model No. 4 Automatic Desktop Phone, Japan’s first domestically designed and manufactured desktop telephone. According to NTT, this new model played a significant role in fostering social connections during Japan's postwar reconstruction period.

Notably, my photograph captures the NTT Model 4, showcasing its smaller and more compact casing compared to Dreyfuss's "Type 302" model. According to one of Japan’s major players in the telecommunications market, KDDI, the new design of the NTT Model 4 not only boasted superior call quality, but was also considered cutting-edge for its time.

The Model 4 was available exclusively in black, and became a staple in Japanese offices during its production years from 1950 to 1964. This end of this 14-year period coincided with the introduction of NTT's Model 600 desktop phone in 1964, marking another milestone in Japan's telecommunications history.

For enthusiasts and curious minds, the NTT Model 4 that I photographed can be viewed at the "House of Kunio Maekawa" within the Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum in Tokyo.

Visit my blog post if you wish to delve deeper into the history Japan’s telephone tech and devices where I have provided links to all the original source materials for further research (read time: approx. 2 min.): https://www.pix4japan.com/blog/20231025-edo-bldg-museum

#静物写真 #黒電話 #江戸東京たてもの園 #東京 #pix4japan #pentax_dfa28105 #pentaxk1mkii #still life photography #Japan #Tokyo #telephone #Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum

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loiladadiani · 8 months

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Photos: 1. Prince Waldemar of Greece; 2. Marie de Orleans, wife of Prince Waldemar; 3. Marie Bonaparte, wife of Prince George of Greece and Denmark; 4. Prince George of Greece and Denmark; 5. Prince and Princess George of Greece and Denmark and their children Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark and Princess Eugenie of Greece and Denmark; 6. Prince and Princess Waldemar of Greece with their children: Prince Aage Count of Rosenborg, Prince Axel of Denmark, Prince Erik Count of Rosenborg, Prince Vigo Count of Rosenborg, Princess Margrethe of Denmark. 7 and 8: Prince Waldemar of Greece and Prince George of Greece and Denmark; 9: Sitting: Marie Bonaparte, Prince Waldemar, Prince George, and Marie de Orleans surrounded by some of their children; 10. Prince Waldemar and Prince George

Sometimes, the love story is where you least imagine it...

Prince Waldemar of Denmark (1858 -1939) and Prince George of Greece and Denmark (1869 - 1957)

Prince Waldemar of Denmark was the youngest son of King Christian IX and Queen Louise of Hesse-Kessel. Waldemar entered the naval college as a young man in 1879. He was passionate about the navy and had a lifelong naval career; he was Vice Admiral and Admiral of the Danish Fleet. He married Princess Marie of Orleans, a granddaughter of King Louis Phillipe of France; they had four sons and one daughter and remained married until Marie's untimely death. Marie was a very intelligent and unconventional woman, and her life needs to be told at greater length.

Prince George of Greece and Denmark was the second child of George I of Greece and his wife, Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinovna (the Queen of the Hellenes); Prince Waldemar was George I's youngest brother. Therefore, Waldemar was George of Greece and Denmark's uncle. When George I and his wife decided to enroll their son in the Naval college, they took George to live with Waldemar, an admiral in the Danish fleet. George developed a great attachment for his uncle, which continued until Waldemar's death. (Prince George of Greece and Denmark was the cousin who went on Tsarevich Nicholas' European tour and ran to his rescue when Nicholas was attacked in the streets of Japan.)

George of Greece and Denmark married Marie Bonaparte, a very unconventional, wealthy woman who at one point was a disciple of Sigmund Freud and who became a psychotherapist. They had two children and remained married until George's death. She is another woman who deserves a book to herself.

When George married, Waldemar came along on his honeymoon. George would often return to his uncle’s palace for visits. At the end of these visits, George would weep while Waldemar would grow ill, both dreading the pending separation from each other. To their own credit, both French Maries respected the oddly close relationship between uncle and nephew.

Waldemar and George flawlessly fulfilled their military and dynastic duties to their countries. Their wives learned to cope with the unusual situation. They were always well-loved by their extensive families and included in all activities of their many European royal relatives.

George of Greece died at eighty-eight, surviving Waldemar by 18 years. When Waldemar died he had been devastated and found great comfort in his wife; the couple's last years together were their best. George was buried at the Greek Royal burial grounds at Tatoi. He requested to be buried with his wedding ring, a lock of hair from Valdemar, a photo of Valdemar, and earth from Valdemar’s palace. His widow honored this request.(gcl)

Were Valdemar and George more than just nephew and uncle? Perhaps. Were they involved in a strong and loving relationship? Undoubtedly.

Sources:

Lea. (2021, October 29). An odd royal relationship. Medium. https://worldroyals.medium.com/an-odd-royal-relationship-6a405ca16320#:~:text=George%20felt%20abandoned%20by%20his,in%20love%20with%20his%20uncle.&text=When%20George%20reached%20adulthood%2C%20he,%2C%20Catholic%20princess%2C%20Marie%20Bonaparte.

#European history #Danish history #Greek history #Prince Valdemar of Denmark #Prince George of Greece and Denmark #Marie Bonaparte #Marie of Orleans

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davidhudson · 7 months

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Mahatma Gandhi, October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948.

#mahatma gandhi

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todaysdocument · 2 years

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Treaty Between the United States and the Potawatomi Indians of the Prairie and Kankakee Signed at Camp Tippecanoe, Indiana, [p. 1, 2, 5] 10/20/1832.

Map of land ceded via the IDA Treaties Explorer.

File Unit: Ratified Indian Treaty 172: Potawatomi of the Prairie and Kankakee - Camp Tippecanoe, Indiana, October 20, 1832, 1789 - 1869

Series: Indian Treaties, 1789 - 1869

Record Group 11: General Records of the United States Government, 1778 - 2006

Image description: Map showing Cession 177. The land highlighted is a sizable chunk of Illinois, south of Chicago.

Transcription:

[crossed out] 27 [/] [underlined] 7 [/] 44

[in margin] Peaco [/]

Articles of a Treaty made and concluded at Camp

Tippecanoe, in the State of Indiana this 20th day of

October in the year of our Lord one thousand Eight

hundred and thirty two between Jonathan Jennings

John W. Davis and Marks Crome Commissioners on the

[blue circular stamp] THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE UNITED STATES [/blue circular stamp]

part of the United States of the one part and the Chiefs

and head men of the Potawatamie Tribe of Indians of

the Prairie and Kankakee of the other part,

Article 1st The said Potawatamie Tribe of Indians cede to the

United States the tract of land included within the following

boundary viz-

Beginning at a point on Lake Michigan ten miles

Southward of the mouth of Chicago River, thence in a

direct line to a point on the Kankakee River ten miles

above its mouth thence with said river and the Illinois

River to the mouth of Fox River, being the boundary of

a Cession made by them in 1816, thence with the Southern

boundary of the Indian Territory to the State line between

Illinois and Indiana thence North with said line to

Lake Michigan, thence with the Shore of Lake Mi-

=chigan to the place of beginning.

Article 2d From the Cession aforesaid the following tracts shall

be reserved, to wit-

Five sections for Shaw waw nas see, to include Little

Rock village-

#172

[page 2]

For Min-e-maung, one section, to include his village.

For Joseph Laughton, son of Wais-ke-shaw, one section, and

For Ce-na-ge-wine, one section both to be located at Twelve Mile

Grove, or Na-be-na-qui-nong.

For Claude Laframboise, one section, on Thorn creek.

For Maw-te-no, daughter of Francois Burbonnois, Jun'r. one

section, at Soldier's village.

For Catish, wife of Francis Burbonnois, Sen'r. one Section at

Soldier's village.

For the children of Wais-ke-shaw, two sections, to include the

small grove of timber on the river above Rock village.

For Jean B. Chevallier, one section, near Rock village, and

for his two sisters, Angelique and Josette, one half section each

joining his.

For Me-she-ke-ten-o, two sections, to include his village.

For Francis Le Via, one section, joining Me-she-ke-ten-o.

For the five daughters of Mo-nee by her last husband Joseph

Bailey two sections -

For Me-saw-ke-qua and her children, two section, at Wais-us-

kucks's village.

For Sho-bon-ier, two sections, at his village.

For Josette Beaubien and her children, two sections, to be located

on Hickory creek.

For Therese, wife of Joseph Laframboise, one section and

for Archange Pettier, one section, both at Skunk grove

[page 3]

[blue circular stamp] THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE UNITED STATES [/blue circular stamp] 46

To Wah-pou-seh, for one horse, forty dollars. 40.00

To Waub-e-sai, for three ditto, one hundred and twenty dollars. 120.00

To Chi-cag, for one ditto, forty dollars. 40.00

[in margin] 6-51 [/]

To Mo-swah-en-wah, one ditto, forty dollars. 40.00

To She-bon-e-go, one ditto, forty dollars. 40.00

To Saw-saw-wais-kuk, for two ditto, eighty dollars. 80.00

The said tribe having been the faithful allies

of the United States during the late conflict with the Sacs

and Foxes, in consideration thereof, the United States agree

to permit them to hunt and fish on the lands ceded, as also

on the lands of the Government on Wabash and Sangamon

rivers, so long as the same shall remain the property of

the United States -

In Testimony whereof the Commissioners and the

Chifs, head men, and warriors, of the said tribe have hereunto

set their hands at the place and in the day aforesaid -

[right column]

[signed] Jonathan Jennings

[signed]John W. Davis

[signed]Marks Crume

Ah-he-te-ke-zhie his x mark

Shaw-wa-nas-see his x mark

Wah-pon-e-seh his x mark

[left column]

Signed in presence

of-

[signed] John Tipton

[signed] Th. Jo. Owen, United States Indn agent

[signed] J. B. Beaubien

#archivesgov #October 20 #1832 #1800s #Native American history #American Indian history #Indigenous American history #treaties #Potawatomi #Illinois #land

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peligin-eyed · 7 months

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Name: Ambrose Blake

Pronouns: He/him

Addressed as: Sir

Born: 2 October, 1869 in Yorkshire, England

Ambition: Heart's Desire (completed)

Profession: Correspondent (Epistolant)

Skills: Persuasive, Watchful, Artisan of the Red Science

Quirks: Hedonist, Subtle, Ruthless

Allies: Bohemians, Society, certain Masters

Romantic Entanglements: In an open marriage with a Promethean Rogue (Gay)

Bio

A______ B____ was born in a small Yorkshire village, the third of five children (three sisters, one younger brother). His father was a gardener for the local noble estate and his mother did some work as a seamstress. He had trouble fitting in as a child. He always seemed to be too much- too eager to learn, too sensitive, too concerned with his appearance, too "soft." He spent a lot of time reading and daydreaming to escape the bullying he faced. From a young age, he felt that he was meant for something bigger than his little village could provide. Once he was old enough, he left home and set out to try to make something of himself.

He went to Paris, where he found himself feeling at home for the first time among the bohemian artistic set. He also racked up considerable drinking and gambling debts, had some regrettable sexual encounters with people he couldn’t easily avoid afterward, and got in trouble with the law on multiple occasions. On one of those occasions, he managed to talk his way into being deported back to England just to get away from his problems, and he ended up in New Newgate.

London seemed like the perfect place to try to start fresh. Ambrose adopted a new name, a new accent, and kept any details of his past as vague as possible. He stopped feigning even a hint of interest in women and immediately started delving deep into all the weirdness and debauchery the Neath had to offer. He heard about a card game where you could gamble your soul to win your greatest desire and though that sounded like a smashing good time. He was a bit of a detective in his early London days, before learning about the Correspondence and becoming fascinated by it. He had some missteps as he was trying to establish himself, made friends and enemies in equal numbers, but eventually he found his footing as a promising writer and blossoming socialite.

Over time, he grew into a Correspondent and a regular fixture at parties both respectable and scandalous. Nowadays, he is celebrated as Poet-Laureate of the Neath, a renowned scholar of the Correspondence, and a somewhat controversial figure among certain academic circles. One seems to run into him constantly when out and about in London. He's not known for taking a solid stance on much of anything apart from fashion, art, and wine.

There are rumors that he is immortal, that he has performed unholy scientific experiments on himself and others, that he has had numerous licentious affairs with non-humans, that he holds some sway over the Masters and London itself. Are any of the rumors true? Well, he certainly won't confirm or deny, he'll tell you with a sly smile.

#oc: the esoteric aesthete

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conradscrime · 2 years

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The Canonical Five: Elizabeth Stride

September 13, 2022

Elizabeth Stride, the third victim of the canonical five, was born Elisabeth Gustafsdotter on November 27, 1843 in Stora Tumlehed, in Sweden. She was the second born out of four children in total. Elizabeth’s father, Gustaf Ericsson was a farmer, and the family lived on a farm where the children were expected to complete chores.

Elizabeth moved to the city of Gothenburg and became a domestic servant to a few different families. Elizabeth was described as between 5′2-5′5 inches tall, with curly dark brown hair, and light grey eyes.

Elizabeth had begun sex worker at an earlier age than some of the other canonical five victims, police records from as early as March 1865, confirm she was arrested for this. On April 21, 1865, Elizabeth gave birth to a stillborn daughter.

In February of 1866, Elizabeth had moved to London, though the reasoning is unclear. Elizabeth supposedly told people she knew two different stories about why she made the move, telling some she relocated for employment by a “gentlemen who lived near Hyde Park” and others thought she moved because she had family already living there.

It is believed that Elizabeth briefly dated a policeman, but on March 7, 1869 she married a man named John Thomas Stride, who was a ship’s carpenter and who was 22 years older than her.

The couple ran a coffee shop in Poplar, east London for several years, while also making income from John’s carpenter work. In 1874, the marriage began to fall apart, however the couple were still living together. In 1875 they sold the coffee shop due to financial struggles.

In 1881, it is believed that Elizabeth and John had reunited and lived together again in the district of Bow, however they permanently separated later that year, with Elizabeth being admitted to a Whitechapel workhouse infirmary suffering from bronchitis in December 1881. Elizabeth was discharged on January 4, 1882, and is believed to have begun living on Flower and Dean Street in Whitechapel.

On October 24, 1884, John Stride died of tuberculosis. Elizabeth was known to have told several people that her husband and 9 children had drowned in the 1878 sinking of the Princess Alice in the River Thames. Elizabeth would tell people she had survived by climbing the ship’s mast, though none of this was true.

Elizabeth began a tumultuous relationship with a local dock labourer named Michael Kidney, with the two often separating, and Elizabeth would then go sleep in local lodging houses before going back to live with Michael. In April 1887, Elizabeth filed a formal assault against Michael, but she did not pursue this charge.

Elizabeth was often charged for drunk and disorderly conduct and the use of obscene language. She would often show up to the Thames Magistrates’ Court using the alias Annie Fitzgerald.

Elizabeth and Michael got into an argument on September 26, 1888, and separated, with Elizabeth taking residence at 32 Flower and Dean Street. She earned money by cleaning the lodging house for a few days. The day before her murder, Elizabeth was known to have cleaned two rooms at her lodging house and was paid sixpence for it.

That evening she was wearing a black jacket and skirt, with a black bonnet. At 6:30pm, Elizabeth visited the Queen’s Head pub on Commercial Street before going back to her lodging house alone.

Elizabeth was seen with a man described as short, with a dark moustache, wearing a morning suit and bowler hat at 11pm close to Berner Street. A second eyewitness claimed to have seen Elizabeth with a man wearing a peaked cap, black coat and dark pants standing on the pavement opposite number 58 Berner Street around 11:45pm. This eyewitness said Elizabeth had repeatedly kissed this man, before he said, “You would say anything but your prayers.”

At 12:35 am, PC William Smith saw Elizabeth with a man wearing a hard felt hat at 40 Berner Street in Whitechapel. The man was carrying a package about 18 inches long. Smith didn’t feel that anything was suspicious so he continued on toward Commercial Road.

Between 12:35-12:45am, a dockworker named James Brown saw who he thought appeared to be Elizabeth standing with her back against a wall at the corner of Berner Street saying to a man with a long black coat and average build, “No. Not tonight. Some other night.”

Elizabeth Stride’s body was discovered around 1am on September 30, 1888, in the adjacent Dutfield’s Yard by a man named Louis Diemschutz. He had driven into the yard with his horse and two wheeled cart when he horse abruptly went to the left to avoid what appeared to be a bundle on the ground.

Blood was still flowing from a single knife wound inflicted to Elizabeth’s neck, her hands were cold, but other parts of her body were still fairly warm. It appeared that Elizabeth had been killed very shortly before she was discovered at 1am, with several witnesses coming forward saying they were around the area between 12:30-12:50am and did not see anything.

Elizabeth’s body was lying on the near side with her face toward the wall, her head towards the yard and her feet towards the street. Her left arm was extended and there was a packet of cachous in her left hand. Her right arm was over her stomach, the back of the hand and wrist had clotted blood on it. Her legs were drawn up with her feet close to the wall.

Elizabeth had a silk handkerchief around her neck that was slightly torn. Some believe it was cut. Her throat had been deeply gashed. Rigor mortis was thorough. There was mud on the left side of her face, and over both shoulders, under the collarbone and in front of her chest was a blueish discolouration.

There was a clear cut incision on her neck. It was six inches in length and two and a half inches in a straight line below the angle of the jaw. The cut was clean and deviated downwards a little. The arteries and other vessels were all cut through. Her stomach contained partially digested food, consisting of cheese, potato and flour or milled grain powder. All her teeth on the lower left jaw were missing.

It was believed that Elizabeth’s murderer may have pulled her backwards by her neckerchief before cutting her throat. It was strongly indicated that the person who had killed Elizabeth was right-handed.

Israel Schwartz told investigators that he saw Elizabeth being attacked outside Dutfield’s Yard around 12:45am by a man with dark hair, a small brown moustache and was around 5′5 in height. The man attempted to pull Elizabeth onto the street before turning her around and shoving her to the ground. The man shouted the word, “Lipski” either to Schwartz or to another man who had been nearby lighting a pipe.

Michael Kidney was suspected in Elizabeth’s murder due to their on again off again relationship, as well as the fact that he had no alibi. Investigator’s eventually eliminated Michael as a suspect though there’s not much information on why.

At the inquest it was determined that there was about 25-30 people in the International Working Men’s Educational Club which was right by where Elizabeth was murdered that night. No one there said that they heard or saw anything strange around that time.

On the second day of the inquest a woman named Mary Malcolm swore that the body was not of Elizabeth Stride, but it was her sister, Elizabeth Watts that had been murdered. Though, police and doctors were certain it was Elizabeth Stride. The doctors also testified that it would of been impossible for Elizabeth to cry out for help.

On October 3, Michael identified Elizabeth formally, stating that he had been in a relationship with her for nearly three years. He did admit that they separated quite frequently due to Elizabeth’s heavy drinking, though she always returned.

The inquest into her death lasted five days with it being adjourned until October 23, 1888. The verdict was unanimous and read, “Wilful murder against some person or persons unknown.”

While Elizabeth’s murder had occurred in close connection to the other two murders, that of Mary Ann Nichols and Annie Chapman as they had both had deep cuts to their neck, Elizabeth had received no mutilation injuries, her sole injury was a deep cut beneath her jaw.

Some believe that Elizabeth is not connected to the other murders and that Jack the Ripper was not her killer. This is based on how there was no mutilation done to her body and that this is the only murder by Jack the Ripper that occurred south of Whitechapel Road. It is also believed that the knife used on Elizabeth Stride was shorter and a different design than was used on the other four canonical five victims.

Many however do believe that Jack the Ripper is responsible for Elizabeth Stride’s death, based off of the location, who she was, and how the murder happened. Some believe Jack the Ripper heard Diemschutz’s horse approach so he ran off without being able to finish or mutilate Elizabeth.

The same night, another woman named Catherine Eddowes was murdered, shortly after Elizabeth. Both women lived on Flower and Dean Street at the time. Perhaps Jack killed Catherine because he didn’t get to fulfill his full fantasy of mutilating Elizabeth due to being interrupted?

On October 1, 1888, a postcard dubbed the “Saucy Jacky” and signed Jack the Ripper, was received by Central News Agency. The letter took responsibility for both Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes’ murders, describing the murders as a “double event.”

The card was postmarked more than 24 hours after the murders, long after details of the murders had been known to the public, meaning anyone could have written the letter, and not necessarily the killer himself. Most Ripperologist’s agree that this postcard is a hoax, written by some journalist.

On October 16, 1888, a parcel containing half of a human kidney was sent to the Chairman of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee, George Lusk. The note is widely known as the “From Hell” letter, because that’s what the writer put as the return address. The writer said they had fried and eaten the other half of the human kidney, and the writing was different than the Saucy Jacky postcard, another reason why most think the postcard was a fraud.

The kidney was discovered to be human and from the left side. It had also been preserved in spirits before it was mailed. Major Henry Smith claimed that this kidney matched the missing one from victim Catherine Eddowes, because the length of the renal artery matched the missing length from her body. The section of kidney also showed signs of Bright’s disease, which Catherine supposedly had.

Elizabeth was buried on October 6, 1888 in the East London Cemetery, with a small number of people at her funeral. Her headstone is inscribed with her name and the years of her birth and death.

#unsolved #UNSOLVED MYSTERIES #unsolved case #unsolved murder #unsolved true crime #true crime #Crime #homicide #serial killer #jack the ripper #london #whitechapel

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theoriginalblackwoman · 1 year

Photo

Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones, known as Sissieretta Jones, (January 5, 1868 or 1869[1] – June 24, 1933[2]) was an African-American soprano. She sometimes was called “The Black Patti” in reference to Italian opera singerAdelina Patti. Jones’ repertoire included grand opera, light opera, and popular music.[3]

Matilda Sissieretta Joyner was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, United States, to Jeremiah Malachi Joyner, an African Methodist Episcopal minister, and Henrietta Beale.[2] By 1876 her family moved to Providence, Rhode Island,[4]where she began singing at an early age in her father’s Pond Street Baptist Church.[2]

In 1883, Joyner began the formal study of music at the Providence Academy of Music. The same year she married David Richard Jones, a news dealer and hotel bellman. In the late 1880s, Jones was accepted at the New England Conservatory of Music.[1] On October 29, 1885, Jones gave a solo performance in Providence as an opening act to a production of Richard IIIput on by John A. Arneaux‘s theatre troupe.[5] In 1887, she performed at Boston’s Music Hall before an audience of 5,000.[2]

Jones made her New York debut on April 5, 1888, at Steinway Hall.[1] During a performance at Wallack’s Theater in New York, Jones came to the attention of Adelina Patti’s manager, who recommended that Jones tour the West Indies with the Fisk Jubilee Singers.[2] Jones made successful tours of the Caribbean in 1888 and 1892.[1]

In February 1892, Jones performed at the White House for PresidentBenjamin Harrison.[2] She eventually sang for four consecutive presidents — Harrison, Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, and Theodore Roosevelt— and the British royal family.[1][2][3]

Jones performed at the Grand Negro Jubilee at New York’s Madison Square Garden in April 1892 before an audience of 75,000. She sang the song “Swanee River” and selections from La traviata.[3] She was so popular that she was invited to perform at the Pittsburgh Exposition (1892) and the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago (1893).[4]

In June 1892, Jones became the first African-American to sing at the Music Hall in New York (renamed Carnegie Hall the following year).[1][7] Among the selections in her program were Charles Gounod‘s “Ave Maria” and Giuseppe Verdi‘s “Sempre libera” (from La traviata).[1] The New York Echowrote of her performance at the Music Hall: “If Mme Jones is not the equal of Adelina Patti, she at least can come nearer it than anything the American public has heard. Her notes are as clear as a mockingbird’s and her annunciation perfect.”[1] On June 8, 1892, her career elevated beyond primary ethnic communities, and was furthered when she received a contract, with the possibility of a two-year extension, for $150 per week (plus expenses) with Mayor James B. Pond, who had meaningful affiliations to many authors and musicians.[8] The company Troubadours made an important statement about the capabilities of black performers, that besides minstrelsy, there were other areas of genre and style.[8]

In 1893, Jones met composer Antonín Dvořák, and in January 1894 she performed parts of his Symphony No. 9 at Madison Square Garden. Dvořák wrote a solo part for Jones.[1]

Jones met with international success. Besides the United States and the West Indies, Jones toured in South America, Australia, India, and southern Africa.[1] During a European tour in 1895 and 1896, Jones performed in London, Paris, Berlin, Cologne, Munich, Milan, and Saint Petersburg.[9]

In 1896, Jones returned to Providence to care for her mother, who had become ill.[1] Jones found that access to most American classical concert halls was limited by racism. She formed the Black Patti Troubadours (later renamed the Black Patti Musical Comedy Company), a musical and acrobatic act made up of 40 jugglers, comedians, dancers and a chorus of 40 trained singers.[2] The Indianapolis Freeman reviewed the “Black Patti Troubadours” with the following: “The rendition which she and the entire company give of this reportorial opera selection is said to be incomparably grand. Not only is the solo singing of the highest order, but the choruses are rendered with a spirit and musical finish which never fail to excite genuine enthusiasm.[10]

The revue paired Jones with rising vaudeville composers Bob Cole and Billy Johnson. The show consisted of a musical skit, followed by a series of short songs and acrobatic performances. During the final third of each show, Jones performed arias and operatic excerpts.[9] The revue provided Jones with a comfortable income, reportedly in excess of $20,000 per year. She led the company with reassurance of a forty-week season that would give her a sustainable income, guaranteed lodging in a well-appointed and stylish Pullman car, and the ability to sing opera and operetta excerpts in the final section of the show.[8] This allowed Jones to be the highest paid African American performer of her time.[8] Jones sung passionately and pursued her career choice of opera and different repertory regardless to her lack of audience attendance.[8] For more than two decades, Jones remained the star of the Famous Troubadours, while they graciously toured every season and established their popularity in the principal cities of the United States and Canada.[11] Although their eventual fame and international tours collected many audiences, they began with a “free-for-all” variety production with plenty of “low” comedy, song and dance, and no pretense of a coherent story line.[12]

Several members of the troupe, such as Bert Williams, went on to become famous.[1] April 1908, at the Avenue Theatre in Louisville, Kentucky, an audience made up mostly of whites (segregated seating was still prevalent), accepted Madam ‘Patti’ after singing ‘My Old Kentucky Home’ with much respect and admiration, and marked “the first time that a colored performer received a bouquet at the theatre in this city”.[12] For almost ten years, racial segregation had kept Jones from the mainstream opera platform, but by singing selections from operas within the context of a hard-traveling minstrel and variety show, she was still able to utilize her gifted voice, that people of all races loved.[12] The Black Patti Troubadours reveled in vernacular music and dance.[12]

Jones retired from performing in 1915 because her mother fell ill, so she moved back to Rhode Island to take care of her. For more than two decades, Jones remained the star of the Famous Troubadours, while they graciously toured every season and established their popularity in the principal cities of the United States and Canada.[12] She devoted the remainder of her life to her church and to caring for her mother. Jones was forced to sell most of her property to survive.[1][2] She died in poverty on June 24, 1933 from cancer. She is buried in her hometown at Grace Church Cemetery.[2]

In 2013 Jones was inducted into the Rhode Island Music Hall of Fame.[13]

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_Sissieretta_Joyner_Jones

Photos from Wiki Commons

#sissieretta black patti jones #blackherstory #black womens history #lightopera #popularmusic #grandopera

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a-land-lacking-sleep · 1 year

Text

Electric Trains are the Future Timeline

Since I plan for Electric Trains are the Future to cover multiple time periods with small time skips throughout, as well as small one-shots/smaller stories connected to it, I wanted to put a timeline together for it that I will update as the story goes on and more stories are added. Note: There are two time periods in this fic, but they are both tracked here.

Hisuian Era

October 28th, 1868 - Ingo appears in the Alabaster Icelands of Hisui, and becomes a rumored spirit.

November 7th, 1868 - Gaeric sees Ingo atop Avalugg’s Legacy.

November 9th, 1868 - Lady Sneasler arrives at the Pearl Settlement with a bloodied Ingo. Ingo receives medical attention, and after seeing that he is without memories or a home, he is welcomed into the Pearl Clan.

September 30th, 1869 - The Galaxy Expedition Team lands in Prelude Beach, and sets up a base camp in a natural valley. After a few weeks of discussion with Irida and Adaman, Galaxy Commander Denboku Kamado is allowed to settle his people permanently in what becomes Jubilife Village, and given leave to bring more settlers, as long as sovereign lands and treaties with the Clans are respected.

December 19th, 1869 - Shiki, the Warden of Lady Sneasler, passes away at age 87. After a week of mourning, Sneasler chooses Ingo, who Shiki had been helping get used to Clan life, as her new Warden. He is official indicted as Warden on December 29th.

January 13th, 1871 - The Space-Time Rift tears itself open above Mt. Coronet, sending both the Clans and Jubilife into a panic.

September 18th, 1871 - Hikari falls from the sky and takes the name Akari as she joins the Galaxy Expedition Team. The next night, after she is accepted into the Team, Lord Kleavor is sent into a Frenzy.

September 18th, 1871 to January 30th, 1871 - The events of Pokemon Legends Arceus take place. Akari, 15, frees the Nobles of their Frenzy, is banished for a short time, and defeats Volo at the Spear Pillar.

March 18th, 1872 - Akari accidentally summons Elesa into Hisui, and Electric Trains are the Future begins. Akari spends the night talking with Giratina to plan how to fix her mistake, and Elesa and Ingo talk about their shared history.

March 19th, 1872 - Elesa begins work at Edith’s Hair Salon and with the Galaxy Security Corp. Later that day, Warden Ingo collapses due to the strain of his memories returning.

June 24th, 1872 - Warden Ingo’s coat is restored by Elesa.

July 2nd, 1872 - Akari completes the Hisuian Pokedex, evolving her last Pokemon and turning it in to Laventon. That night, she gets a text on her Arc Phone, summoning her to the Temple, and a new page adds itself to the Pokedex.

July 5th, 1872 - While investigating potential locations for a new Galaxy-funded Village, Warden Ingo falls from a cliff face.

July 6th, 1872 - Warden Ingo is in critical but non-life threatening condition.

Modern Sinnoan/Unovan Era

August 18th, 2010 - Ingo and Emmet Grayn, 23, form the Battle Subway in Nimbasa City with the support of Champion Alder and League Official Palmer Walton. Ingo has been Head of the Unovan Transportation Authority for 4 months.

June 2012 to November 2012 - The events of Pokémon Black take place. Hilbert Blackmore, 14, bonds with Reshiram, the Dragon of Truth, and defeats N, the King of Team Plasma and trainer bonded to Zekrom, the Dragon of Ideals. Though inducted into the Hall of Fame, Hilbert refuses the position of Champion and leaves Unova to search for N.

October 17th, 2013 - Alder Begay, 56, steps down as the Unova League Champion after holding the position for 16 years. Iris Grayn, 14, the co-Gym Leader of Opelucid Gym, is appointed to the position of Champion due to her previous win against the League Champion in an exhibition match. Drayden Grayn, 65, returns to being the full-time Gym Leader.

April 2014 to September 2014 - The story of Pokémon Black 2 takes place. Nate Rivers, 13, defeats a renewed Team Plasma, and completes his Gym Challenge. He faces against Champion Iris, but is unsuccessful, and begins working in earnest at Pokéstar Studios.

December 23rd, 2016 - Palmer Walton moves to Sinnoh to establish the Battle Tower, as well as to take care of his ailing mother. His family moves with him.

June 8th, 2017 - Elesa Stark, 31, and Skyla Cirrus, 29, are married in a private ceremony in Lentimas with friends and family.

December 25th, 2017 - In a Delibird Day Miracle, Hilbert Blackmore, 19, returns to Unova after interning at the Indigo League with Kukui Mahi’ai, 21. A few weeks after his return, Hilbet challenges the League once more, defeating Iris Grayn, now 18, and taking the spot as Champion. Iris takes control of Opelucid Gym, while Drayden, now 69, retires to administrative work.

February 18th, 2018 - Palmer expands the Battle Tower into a Battle Frontier.

November 28th, 2018 - During a check on Pokémon in the tunnels, Ingo Grayn, 32, disappears and remains missing. Multiple regional Leagues look into the disappearance, but no major leads are found.

January 2019 to July 2019 - The events of a Pokémon Platinum Remake occur. Hikari Mifune, alongside Lucas Kubo and Barry Walton, all age 12, take down Team Galactic in the Sinnoh region. Hikari and Barry both finish their Gym Challenge, and while Barry is unable to defeat Lucian Hale, Hikari defeats the Champion, Cynthia Kurosawa. Note: This event is used by both Interpol and the Aether Foundation to help ascertain when they are dealing with Fallers or Travelers from other realities, as almost every other reality had these events happen in 2007.

September 13th, 2019 - Hilda Whitman, 21, is instated as the new Subway Boss full-time, moving from the Afternoon Singles line to running Singles and Super Singles on all operating days. She battles alongside Emmet on the Multi Lines in addition to her Single Lines duties. Rosa Whitaker, 19, is hired as a Depot Agent for the Double Line.

April 14th to June 3rd, 2020 - Team Plasma resurges, attempting to attack the Subway and Pokemon League before they were quickly quashed by N Gropius, Hilbert Blackmore, and Rosa Whitaker.

September 21st, 2020 - Grimsley Winstar, 38, resigns from the Unovan Elite Four due to a medicial emergency. After a short search, N Gropius, 28, is hired on to replace him, taking over both the spot and the typing.

February 19th, 2021 - Elesa Stark, 35, and Emmet Grayn, 34, are married in a small ceremony in Anville Town, with only family and close friends in attendence.

September 18th, 2021 - Hikari Mifune, 15, disappears from her room. There are no signs of entry or exit, and her Pokemon were still in the house. Investigations are ongoing.

March 18th, 2022 - Elesa Stark, 36, disappears from the runway of her Gym during a photoshoot. Investigations are ongoing.

May 31st, 2022 - Emmet meets with Professor Burnet Mahi’ai, 27, of Alola to discuss what may have happened to Elesa. Volo, age unknown takes the chance to visit the Ruins of Life with Professor Kukui Mahi’ai.

June 18th, 2022 - Emmet returns to Nimbasa City briefly with Volo and Alolan Champion Elio Nozawa, 12, to check in on the Transport Authority and investigate Ingo’s disappearance.

July 5th, 2022 - Emmet collapses in the Eterna Forest, and is taken to Galactic Urgent Care in Eterna City. He is discharged within hours, but is unconscious through the ordeal.

July 6th, 2022 - Emmet meets with former Sinnoh Champion Cynthia Kurosawa, and makes a plan to find their missing families.

#submas #submas fic #pokemon legends arceus #pokemon legends arceus fic #pokemon legends arceus spoilers #fic crafting #Electric Trains fic #evolving post #pokemon ingo #ingo #pokemon elesa #elesa #pokemon hikari #pokemon akari #akari #pokemon emmet #emmet #headcanon mixed with canon

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atotaltaitaitale · 9 months

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Monday Metro - Part 2… Arts et Metiers stop on line 11.

This is probably the most beautiful stop on the metro lines. While the Arts et Metiers station serves line 3 and 11, it's only when you take line 11 that you can see the stop.

The Arts et Métiers metro station was inaugurated in October 1994 on the occasion of the bicentennial ceremonies of the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. The Belgian designer and scenographer François Schuiten, who was entrusted with the project, was inspired by Jules Verne's stories and more particularly by the descriptions of Captain Nemo's famous submarine, the Nautilus, mentioned in the novels "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" (1869) and "The Mysterious Island" (1874). The shimmering pink metal, the platforms devoid of advertising, and the cogs and mechanisms integrated into the vaulting allow the retro-futurist imaginations to be embodied outside of time. The station is a bridge between the world of the metro and that of the Musée des Arts et Métiers. (On a side note this museum is a little hidden gem!)

#CelineIsNotAnExpatAnymore #France life #Paris #metro #metropolitan #CelineAndParisMetro

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demonslayedher · 2 years

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Hello senpai! I hope you're doing well! ^w^ I have a question I'd like to ask you about our local train fan Enmu.

How old do you think he is? Both as a human and as a demon, I mean.

For example, we know that Dōma was 20 when he was turned into a demon, and that the Upper Ranks have gone on without changes for about a century, so Dōma must be at least ~120 years old.

In the Kimetsu no Yaiba Wiki it's stated that Enmu is in his "mid to late twenties (physically)", but there is no source to back it up. All we know about his human life is that when he became "an adult" he would misuse hypnotic therapies and convince patients that they had recovered, even though he wasn't really a doctor. So what did "an adult" mean back in that era? Did it mean 18 or 20 years old? Back then, how many years of studying would it take people to become doctors? And finally, how long do you think he lived as a demon? I think I read somewhere that Rui has lived for around 20 years a demon (but I honestly don't remember if it's canon or not), so do you think Enmu has lived more than him?

I apologize for the lengthy post, I meant to make it shorter but then I kept adding things >.< I hope I'm not bothering you or doing anything wrong! Please have a nice day and may the creativity be with you!

Hello, hello! If we discuss the demon age question first, we know it has been 113 years since the Upper Moons were gathered (but we don't know how long they all had been Upper Moons before that, it seems there was some changing of ranks before they all settled into those roles), meaning that if you include their human ages, all the Upper Moons must be at least 130+ or so. Based on flashback context and a few clues of the order in which they became demons, we know for certain that least Douma, Akaza, Hantengu, and Gyutaro & Daki became demons in the Edo era (1603-1867). By a few fashion clues, it's just my sense that Hakuji lived in mid-Edo period or later. As for other demons we can trace to time periods in which they lived, Rui must had been a child of the Meiji Period (1868-1912), based on the attire Muzan wore when he came knocking. My knowledge of Meiji fashion trends is not detailed enough to narrow it down, though. Hairou (Lower Moon 2, whom Rengoku-san defeated in his Gaiden) was a Shinsengumi member, active between 1863 and 1869. The Hand Demon, who consumed about fifty Breath-y children since getting stuck on Mt. Fujikasane, encountered Urokodaki when he was still presumably a young demon back in the Keio Period (part of the Edo era), which was only 1865 to 1868. Hairou and the Hand Demon become demons around the same time, but while the Hand Demon was stuck and developed with what food he had to work with, Hairou was out eating brains and blasting his own out fast enough to reach the upper levels of the Lower Moons. Enmu has a more cautious personality type; he's patient and plays the long term game. This makes me feel he'd have been a demon much longer than Hairou, so I'm willing to assume Enmu also grew up in the Edo era.

As for his human age, most of the facts we have about him come from the booklet handed out as a freebee in the opening showings of the movie in October 2020, which I was lucky enough to get my hands on and translated the Taisho Secrets from it here (the content of which you've referenced in your Ask). On the character profile pages of that booklet we get the heights, birthdates, and ages for each of the main cast (except Akaza who was distinctly excluded from promo material until the movie had been released for a few weeks), and for Enmu, each of these items is defined as "unknown." We don't even have an official canon height for him, but I guess we could look up the sizes of historical trains?

I can't imagine him being much older than Muzan and Douma, so even mid-20's feels far-fetched to me. Most of the cast skews young anyway so as to appeal to the target Shonen Jump audience. If we assume he was an Edo child, let's look at the Edo period for context.

An Edo boy was considered an adult at his Genpuku ceremony, especially noted for this being when a boy would shave the forelocks of his hair style. This ceremony would typically take place around age 15 according to the Kazoedoshi age keeping system, though in the Mannenrei system we're used to now, it'd be closer to age 14. As for becoming a doctor, it become more widely standardized in the Meiji Period and in the Edo era there were qualifications that doctors who served the samurai class needed to meet, but among the commoners, anyone could declare "I'm a doctor" and that was that.

Now, if you declared yourself a doctor and your services sucked, naturally you'd wouldn't get any customers or acclaim, so at least according to this blog post, most people would apprentice for 10~20 years before claiming that title on their own. As doctors were afforded special privileges in society (like being able to ride in palanquins, even through the gates of Yoshiwara where even high-ranking samurai had to get out and walk!), this was a reason many common folk might aim for that, but their success was ultimately up to their skill. Or at least, how convincing they were about their skills.

#enmu #kny fandom theories and meta #kny nerdery #kny references #kny reference

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scotianostra · 2 years

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Sir William Ramsay, the Scottish chemist who discovered helium, xenon, neon, argon, radon and krypton, was born on October 2nd 1852 in Glasgow.

William was the son of civil engineer and surveyor, William C. Ramsay, and his wife, Catherine Robertson. The family lived at 2 Clifton Street in the city centre, a three-storey and basement Georgian townhouse. They moved to 1 Oakvale Place in the Hillhead district in his youth.[He was a nephew of the geologist Sir Andrew Ramsay.

He was educated at Glasgow Academy and then apprenticed to Robert Napier, a shipbuilder in Govan. However, he instead decided to study Chemistry at the University of Glasgow, matriculating in 1866 and graduating in 1869.

Ramsay began his studies in his native city of Glasgow and completed a doctorate in chemistry at Tübingen, focusing on organic chemistry. On his return home he was appointed to academic posts at the University of Bristol and then at University College London, he became known for the inventiveness and scrupulousness of his experimental techniques, especially for his methods for determining the molecular weights of substances in the liquid state.

In 1892 Ramsay’s curiosity was piqued by Lord Rayleigh’s observation that the density of nitrogen extracted from the air was always greater than nitrogen released from various chemical compounds. Ramsay then set about looking for an unknown gas in air of greater density, which—when he found it—he named argon. While investigating for the presence of argon in a uranium-bearing mineral, he instead discovered helium, which since 1868 had been known to exist, but only in the sun. This second discovery led him to suggest the existence of a new group of elements in the periodic table. He and his coworkers quickly isolated neon, krypton, and xenon from the earth’s atmosphere.

The remarkable inertness of these elements resulted in their use for special purposes, for example, helium instead of highly flammable hydrogen for lighter-than-air craft and argon to conserve the filaments in light bulbs.

Described by many as the “greatest chemical discoverer of his time,” Ramsay became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1888, was knighted in 1902, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904.

Ramsay lived in Hazlemere, Buckinghamshire, until his death. He died in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, on 23rd July 1916 from nasal cancer at the age of 63 and was buried in Hazlemere parish church.

#Scotland #scottish #glaswegian #Glasgow #scientist.#history #noble prize winner

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