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thechanelmuse · 11 months

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Juneteenth is a Black American holiday.

We call Juneteenth many things: Black Independence Day, Freedom Day, Emancipation Day, Jubilee Day. We celebrate and honor our ancestors.

December 31 is recognized as Watch Night or Freedom’s Eve in Black American churches because it marks the day our enslaved ancestors were awaiting news of their freedom going into 1863. On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. But all of the ancestors wouldn’t be freed until June 19, 1865 for those in Galveston, Texas and even January 23, 1866 for those in New Jersey (the last slave state). (It’s also worth noting that our people under the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations wouldn’t be freed until April 28, 1866 and June 14, 1866 for those under the Cherokee Nation by way of the Treaties.)

Since 1866, Black Americans in Texas have been commemorating the emancipation of our people by way of reading the Emancipation Proclamation and coming together to have parades, free festivities, and later on pageants. Thereafter, it spread to select states as an annual day of commemoration of our people in our homeland.

Here’s a short silent video filmed during the 1925 Juneteenth celebration in Beaumont, Texas:

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(It’s also worth noting that the Mascogos tribe in Coahuila, Mexico celebrate Juneteenth over there as well. Quick history lesson: A total of 305,326 Africans were shipped to the US to be enslaved alongside of American Indians who were already or would become enslaved as prisoners of war, as well as those who stayed behind refusing to leave and walk the Trail of Tears to Oklahoma. In the United States, you were either enslaved under the English territories, the Dutch, the French, the Spanish, or under the Nations of what would called the Five “Civilized” Native American Tribes: Cherokee, Creek (Muscogee), Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminoles. Mascogos descend from the Seminoles who escaped slavery during the Seminole Wars, or the Gullah Wars that lasted for more than 100 years if you will, and then settled at El Nacimiento in 1852.)

We largely wave our red, white and blue flags on Juneteenth. These are the only colors that represent Juneteenth. But sometimes you may see others wave our Black American Heritage flag (red, black, and gold).

Juneteenth is a day of respect. It has nothing to do with Africa, diversity, inclusion, immigration, your Pan-African flag, your cashapps, nor your commerce businesses. It is not a day of “what about” isms. It is not a day to tap into your inner colonizer and attempt to wipe out our existence. That is ethnocide and anti-Black American. If you can’t attend a Black American (centered) event that’s filled with education on the day, our music, our food and other centered activities because it’s not centered around yours…that is a you problem. Respect our day for what and whom it stands for in our homeland.

Juneteenth flag creator: “Boston Ben” Haith

It was created in 1997. The red, white and blue colors represent the American flag. The five-point star represents the Lone State (Texas). The white burst around the star represents a nova, the beginning of a new star. The new beginning for Black Americans.

Black American Heritage Flag creators: Melvin Charles & Gleason T. Jackson

It was created in 1967, our Civil Rights era. The color black represents the ethnic pride for who we are. Red represents the blood shed for freedom, equality, justice and human dignity. Gold fig wreath represents intellect, prosperity, and peace. The sword represents the strength and authority exhibited by a Black culture that made many contributions to the world in mathematics, art, medicine, and physical science, heralding the contributions that Black Americans would make in these and other fields.

SN: While we’re talking about flags, I should note that Grace Wisher, a 13-year-old free Black girl from Baltimore helped stitched the Star Spangled flag, which would inspire the national anthem during her six years of service to Mary Pickersgill. I ain’t even gon hold you. I never looked too far into it, but she prob sewed that whole American flag her damn self. They love lying about history here until you start unearthing them old documents.

In conclusion, Juneteenth is a Black American holiday. Respect us and our ancestors.

#juneteenth #juneteenth flag #black american history #black american culture #ben haith #black american heritage flag #melvin charles #gleason t jackson #grace wisher #american flag #mascogos #juneteenth 2023

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balladofsallyrose · 5 months

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Dennis Hopper's collection of owned and gifted books (a few are listed under the cut)

Islands in the Stream (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1970)

Magic (Delacorte Press, 1976)

Sneaky People (Simon and Schuster, 1975)

Strange Peaches (Harper's Magazine Press, 1972)

I Didn't Know I Would Live So Long (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973)

Baby Breakdown (The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1970)

37 (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970)

Presences: A Text for Marisol (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1970)

Little Prayers for Little Lips, The Book of Tao, The Bhagavadgita or The Song Divine, and Gems and Their Occult Power.

Lolita (G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1955)

The Dramas of Kansas (John F. Higgins, 1915)

Joy of Cooking (The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1974)

The Neurotic: His Inner and Outer Worlds (First edition, Citadel Press, 1954)

Out of My Mind: An Autobiography (Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1997)

The Savage Mind (University of Chicago Press, 1966)

Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors (J.B. Lippincott Company, 1974)

The Documents of 20th Century Art: Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp (Viking Press, 1971)

The Portable Dorothy Parker, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, I Ching, and How to Make Love to a Man.

John Steinbeck's East of Eden (Bantam, 1962)

James Dean: The Mutant King (Straight Arrow Books, 1974) by David Dalton

The Moviegoer (The Noonday Press, 1971)

Erections, Ejaculations, Exhibitions and General Tales of Ordinary Madness (City Light Books, 1974)

Narcotics Nature's Dangerous Gifts (A Delta Book, 1973)

The Egyptian Book of the Dead (Dover Publications, 1967)

Tibetan Yoga and Secret Doctrines (Oxford University Press, 1969)

Junky (Penguin Books, 1977) by William S. Burroughs

Weed: Adventures of a Dope Smuggler (Harper & Row, 1974)

Alcoholics Anonymous (Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, 1976)

Skrebneski Portraits - A Matter of Record, Sketchbooks of Paolo Soleri, and High Tide.

Raw Notes (The Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, 2005)

Le Corbusier (Heidi Weber, 1965)

Henry Moore in America (Praeger Publishers, 1973)

Claes Oldenburg (MIT Press, 2012)

Notebooks 1959 1971 (MIT Press, 1972)

A Day in the Country (Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1985)

Album Celine (Gallimard, 1977)

A Selection of Fifity Works From the Collection of Robert C. Scull (Sotheby Parke Bernet, Inc. 1973)

Collage A Complete Guide for Artists (Watsun-Guptill Publications, 1970)

The Fifties Aspects of Painting in New York (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1980)

A Bottle of Notes and Some Voyages (Rizzoli International Publications, 1988)

All Color Book of Art Nouveau (Octopus Books, 1974)

A Colorslide Tour of The Louvre Paris (Panorama, 1960)

Dear Dead Days (G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1959)

Woman (Aidan Ellis Publishing Limited, 1972)

The Arts and Man ( UNESCO, 1969)

Murals From the Han to the Tang (Foreign Languages Press, 1974)

A (Grove Press Inc., 1968)

Andy Warhol's Index Book (Random House, 1967)

Voices (A Big Table Book, 1969)

Another Country (A Dell Book, circa 1960s)

On The Road (Signet, circa 1980s)

#dennis hopper

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thomas-mvller · 17 days

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Tag games variety ✨

SO I've been tagged in a looot of games for the past couple of months and i've finally decided to stop procrastinating and just get the job done. APOLOGIES FOR THE DELAY!

Tagging: @youknowitsworthfightingfor @thommi-tomate @miasanmuller @gxtzeizm @acrazybayernfan and whoever would like to do one of these! just say i tagged you and go :))

Here we go!

Rules: bold the sentence that's true to you

i’m over 5'5 / i wear glasses or contacts / i have blonde hair / i often wear sweatshirts / i prefer loose clothing over tight clothes / i have one or two piercings / i have at least one tattoo / i have blue eyes / i have dyed or highlighted my hair / i have or have had braces / i have freckles / i paint my nails / i typically wear makeup / i don’t often smile / resting bitch face / i play sports / i play an instrument / i know more than one language / i can cook or bake / i like writing / i like to read / i can multitask / i’ve never dated anyone / i have a best friend i’ve known for over five years / i am an only child

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Rules: Go to Pinterest and search:

"Celebrity".

"Outfit".

"Quote".

"Aesthetic".

Quote the first pic that appears, it's your vibe.

I thought this was fun because it fit like a glove but then it hit me I don't have a pinterest account and this is absurdly specific so HMMMMM

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Last song: I live to fall asleep - Manic street preachers

Favorite color: red, black and teal

Last movie: Irma la douce (1963)

Last TV show: I'm more of a movie girlie tbh, can't even remember the last show i watched :o

Relationship status: single

Sweet/Savory/Spice: savory > spice > salty >>>>>>> sweet

Last thing I googled: if I could put grapes with seeds on the blender JAJAJJA

Current obsession: scary games gameplays on ytb. I don't even play videogames but they're fun!

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Rules: ✨Let’s do something fun! I wanna see the top 6 photos of your fave, these are mine! ✨

I've said it once and i'll say it again: "legend" falls short with my king 👑

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Okay so I was tagged to share 9 of my favorite books and please don't hate me for this but I'm not really a reader??? I mean i do read once in a while but I don't think I could write down a list of favourites, let alone nine 😵 now don't hate me again but to make it up I'll list 9 of my favorite book based movies hehe

gerald's game (2017) - adapted from a 1992 novel by stephen king

metropolis (1927) - adapted from a 1925 science fiction novel by thea von harbou

silence of the lambs (1991) - adapted from a 1988 novel by thomas harris

lord of the rings: the two towers (2002) - based on 1954's The Two Towers, the second volume of the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien (copied from wiki hehe)

kiki's delivery service (1989) - based on the 1985 novel of the same name by eiko kadono

jackie brown (1997) - based on a 1992 novel by elmore leonard

freaky friday (2003) - based on a 1972 novel by mary rodgers

to kill a mockingbird (1962) - based on a 1960 novel by horton foote

when marnie was there (2014) - based on a 1967 novel by joan g. robinson

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Cosmic Persona Quiz 💫💫

Link to the quiz

I think this wasn't the right time to take this quiz because at the moment i am indeed living on the edge HOWEVER i disagree with flattery because i hate compliments JAJAJJA but anyway this was cute!

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little cute tag game 🥹

Here's what I've made 🫶

I am so framing this omggg

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Rules: list five songs you've been vibing with lately

When the lights go out - naked eyes

Taxi to heaven - pray for rain

Arrows and eyes - noriko miyamoto

baker street - undercover

kimi ni mune kyun - yellow magic orchestra

Have a nice weekend everyone! 😊

#hope you had as much fun doing these as i did!#ask games #yaay!

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thislovintime · 1 year

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Peter Tork and James Lee Stanley performing “MGB-GT” in 1997.

Song spotlight: “MGB-GT”

“Did I tell you, while I was in London I bought a red MGB-GT sports car, with a black interior. I had no real intention of buying one. I was actually looking at them because Marilyn Schlossberg — our publicity director — wanted to buy one, and I thought they looked so groovy I just had to buy one myself. We (the other three guys and myself) then presented Marilyn with her MGB-GT as a birthday gift. I am not really much of a car nut, but this car is a real groove, and man, it really travels!” - Peter Tork, Fabulous 208, 1967

“I went dead broke for a while. I still have my guitar. I sold my car, a 1967 MG, a couple of years ago. It was starting to rot away in storage.” - Peter Tork, When The Music Mattered (1984)

“[‘MGB-GT’ is] my Homage to my old car, one of the great loves of my life. It used to stop running within coasting distance of service stations and like that. Mike joins me on the back-ups.” - Peter Tork, Stranger Things Have Happened 1994 liner notes

“Peter was a really bad driver. He was reckless, he took a lot of chances. I clearly remember this car [the red MGB-GT) and following [him] over Mulholland Drive in my [Volvo] P1800. I was trying to keep up with him but I was scared, I thought this is reckless teenage James Dean stuff. He always drove fast. He drove like he was immortal.” - James Lee Stanley, Stranger Things Have Happened vinyl sleeve notes

“God knows, I went through a lot of scenes and found out what I needed to find out, which is, for instance, that orgies are nice, but they're only temporary and they're not fulfilling. [...] If you're fixed on the notion that an orgy is going to fulfill you, and one doesn't do it, you're going to try a hundred. If orgies don't do it, maybe drugs will. Like the fixated person I was then [in the ‘60s], I went from one thing to another. I had to try everything: flower power, dope, orgies, fast cars.” - Peter Tork, When The Music Mattered (1984)

Listen to the Stranger Things Have Happened version of the song here. Here are Peter and James Lee Stanley performing the song; the live Monkees version; and Peter performing the song in 2012.

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raybizzle · 5 months

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"Thomasine & Bushrod" (1974) is a romance-western film written by Max Julien and directed by Gordon Parks Jr. The movie is a spin on the 1967 classic, "Bonnie & Clyde." Julien and Vonetta McGee team up in an underrated film that ventures into the Wild West, where these two lovers commit a streak of crimes over four years. A year removed from his iconic role as Goldie in the 1973 film, "The Mack," Julien continues to expand his versatility as an actor and writer. However, this was Julien's last role until 1997, when he played Uncle Fred in "How to be A Player."

McGee was in the prime of her career as she had established herself as a well-respected actress. The further I look into her career and roles, the more I am impressed. She was a phenomenal individual and easily one of the best actresses of the 1970s. Her role as Thomasine was authentic. She identified well with her character and delivered on multiple levels throughout the film.

Juanita Moore and Glynn Turman also appear in the movie, adding to a remarkable and dynamic cast. But, unfortunately, like many black films that make films that spin on other major Hollywood productions, their budgets are not comparable. However, this film is a solid adaption, which also took advantage of the booming blaxploitation era of cinema. It's an entertaining movie, so I recommend it to you.

Director: Gordon Parks Jr. Writer: Max Julien Composed by: Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson Title Song: "Thomasine & Bushrod" by Arthur Lee

Starring Max Julien, Vonetta McGee, George Murdock, Glynn Turman, Juanita Moore, Joel Fluellen, Jason Bernard, Jackson D. Kane, Bud Conlan, Kip Allen, Ben Zeller

Storyline While jailed, Thomasine (Vonetta McGee) sees a wanted poster of her boyfriend, Bushrod (Max Julien). She tracks him down, and they rekindle their relationship together. However, after Bushrod kills a notorious murderer, U.S. Marshal Bogardie (George Murdock) steps in and attempts to arrest Bushrod until Thomasine intervenes. Now, fugitives of the law, Thomasine and Bushrod, go on a bank robbing spree while the U.S. Marshall tracks them down.

Available on DVD and streaming services

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brookstonalmanac · 5 months

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Events 11.17 (after 1950)

1950 – Lhamo Dondrub is officially named the 14th Dalai Lama. 1950 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 89 relating to the Palestine Question is adopted. 1953 – The remaining human inhabitants of the Blasket Islands, Kerry, Ireland, are evacuated to the mainland. 1957 – Vickers Viscount G-AOHP of British European Airways crashes at Ballerup after the failure of three engines on approach to Copenhagen Airport. The cause is a malfunction of the anti-icing system on the aircraft. There are no fatalities. 1962 – President John F. Kennedy dedicates Washington Dulles International Airport, serving the Washington, D.C., region. 1967 – Vietnam War: Acting on optimistic reports that he had been given on November 13, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson tells the nation that, while much remained to be done, "We are inflicting greater losses than we're taking…We are making progress." 1968 – British European Airways introduces the BAC One-Eleven into commercial service. 1968 – Viewers of the Raiders–Jets football game in the eastern United States are denied the opportunity to watch its exciting finish when NBC broadcasts Heidi instead, prompting changes to sports broadcasting in the U.S. 1969 – Cold War: Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States meet in Helsinki, Finland to begin SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides. 1970 – Vietnam War: Lieutenant William Calley goes on trial for the My Lai Massacre. 1970 – Luna programme: The Soviet Union lands Lunokhod 1 on Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains) on the Moon. This is the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world and is released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft. 1973 – Watergate scandal: In Orlando, Florida, U.S. President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors "I am not a crook." 1973 – The Athens Polytechnic uprising against the military regime ends in a bloodshed in the Greek capital. 1983 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is founded in Mexico. 1986 – The flight crew of Japan Airlines Flight 1628 are involved in a UFO sighting incident while flying over Alaska. 1989 – Cold War: Velvet Revolution begins: In Czechoslovakia, a student demonstration in Prague is quelled by riot police. This sparks an uprising aimed at overthrowing the communist government (it succeeds on December 29). 1990 – Fugendake, part of the Mount Unzen volcanic complex, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, becomes active again and erupts. 1993 – United States House of Representatives passes a resolution to establish the North American Free Trade Agreement. 1993 – In Nigeria, General Sani Abacha ousts the government of Ernest Shonekan in a military coup. 1997 – In Luxor, Egypt, 62 people are killed by six Islamic militants outside the Temple of Hatshepsut, known as Luxor massacre. 2000 – A catastrophic landslide in Log pod Mangartom, Slovenia, kills seven, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophes in Slovenia in the past 100 years. 2000 – Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru. 2003 – Actor Arnold Schwarzenegger’s tenure as the governor of California began. 2012 – At least 50 schoolchildren are killed in an accident at a railway crossing near Manfalut, Egypt. 2013 – Fifty people are killed when Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 crashes at Kazan Airport, Russia. 2013 – A rare late-season tornado outbreak strikes the Midwest. Illinois and Indiana are most affected with tornado reports as far north as lower Michigan. In all around six dozen tornadoes touch down in approximately an 11-hour time period, including seven EF3 and two EF4 tornadoes. 2019 – The first known case of COVID-19 is traced to a 55-year-old man who had visited a market in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.

#Events

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usafphantom2 · 1 year

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flickr

Vietnam War 1967 - USS FORRESTAL by manhhai Via Flickr: The USS Forrestal with burning planes on deck, is shown in this 1967 file photo. It was thirty years ago that a Zuni missile, accidentally fired from another Phantom, struck the A-4 Skyhawk aboard the USS Forrestal and killed 134 men off the coast of North Viet Nam. It was and remains the Navy's worst disaster since World War II. Former crew members will gather Sunday, July 27, 1997 at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington and Tuesday, July 29, 1997 aboard the now-retired Forrestal in Philadelphia for memorial services. (AP Photo) ---------------- ALBUM USS Forrestal Disaster - INFERNO AT SEA 29-7-1967 Hỏa hoạn thảm khốc trên HKMH Forrestal khiến 134 thủy thủ thiệt mạng và 161 bị thương www.flickr.com/photos/13476480@N07/albums/72157681249498021

#VNM #flickr

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loadsofplaces · 11 months

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Yemen

General Information Yemen is a country in the Middle East, at the Southwestern corner of the Arabian peninsula. In Ancient times, the region was controlled by several city-states and empires that came to wealth through trade. During medieval times, it was ruled by several Islamic dynasties. Following Ottoman and British involvement during Colonial times, in the 20th century the Northern Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, later Yemen Arab Republic, in the former Ottoman-controlled part, as well as the Marxist state of South Yemen (in 1967) in the former British-controlled part were established. In 1990, both parts united. Now the former Northern capital, Sanaa, functions as the political capital, while the former Southern capital, Aden, is the economic centre of the country. The political environment of Yemen has been unstable, with Civil War ongoing since 2014. Vast majority of the 32.7 Million inhabitants are Arabs, around 3.7 % are Somalis. Nearly all inhabitants are Muslim, around two thirds Sunni, around one third Shia.

Old Walled City of Shibam The UNESCO World Heritage Old Walled City of Shibam can be traced back to the 16th century and is one of the world’s oldest examples of urban planning based on vertical construction. Due to its high-rise buildings it is sometimes called “the Manhattan of the desert”.

Dragon Blood Tree The island of Socotra possesses unusually large biodiversity and is home to the unique Dragon Blood Tree. There are several legends surrounding it, such as one about it growing from the blood of brothers fighting to death or another about it originating from the blood of an injured dragon.

~ Anastasia Economy The economy of Yemen has significantly weakened since the breakout of the Yemeni Civil War and the humanitarian crisis, which has caused instability, escalating hostilities, and flooding in the region. At the time of unification, South Yemen and North Yemen had vastly different but equally struggling underdeveloped economic systems. Since unification, the economy has been forced to sustain the consequences of Yemen's support for Iraq during the 1990–91 Persian Gulf War: Saudi Arabia expelled almost 1 million Yemeni workers, and both Saudi Arabia and Kuwait significantly reduced economic aid to Yemen. The 1994 civil war further drained Yemen's economy. As a consequence, Yemen has relied heavily on aid from multilateral agencies to sustain its economy for the past 24 years. In return, it has pledged to implement significant economic reforms. In 1997 the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved two programs to increase Yemen's credit significantly: the enhanced structural adjustment facility (now known as the poverty reduction and growth facility, or PRGF) and the extended funding facility (EFF). In the ensuing years, Yemen's government attempted to implement recommended reforms: reducing the civil service payroll, eliminating diesel and other subsidies, lowering defense spending, introducing a general sales tax, and privatizing state-run industries. However, limited progress led the IMF to suspend funding between 1999 and 2001.

~ Damian

#Yemen #Shia #Dragon #Blood #Tree #Economy #Shibam #Unesco

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aviaposter · 1 year

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Boeing 747-400F Kalitta Air

Registration: N715CK Named: Gerald Younk Type: 747-4B5F Engines: 4 × PW PW4056 Serial Number: 32809 First flight: Oct 11, 2002

Kalitta Air is an American cargo airline headquartered at Willow Run Airport, Ypsilanti Township, Michigan. The company operates international scheduled and cargo charter services. Its call sign "Connie" is from its founder, Connie Kalitta. In 1967, Conrad "Connie" Kalitta started the airline as Connie Kalitta Services, a business carrying car parts. The airline's name would later become American International Airways in 1984. In 1997, AIA merged with Kitty Hawk Inc., and Conrad Kalitta resigned to start Kalitta Leasing for buying, selling, and leasing large aircraft. In April 2000, Kitty Hawk International ceased operations. Kalitta decided to rescue it and the new airline, Kalitta Air, began operations in November 2000, using the operating certificate and assets of the former airline.

Poster for Aviators. aviaposter.com

#aircraft #airliners #aviaposter #boeingpilot #boeingfans #boeingaircraft #boeing747 #b747 #jumbojet #queen of the skies

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rainiervolunteersnps · 1 year

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FY2022 VIP Program Annual Report

FY22 Volunteers-In-Parks Program Annual Report Questions

Thank you for submitting your annual Volunteers-In-Parks Annual Report! This report captures data from October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022. This information will be used for the next year to promote, evaluate, and strengthen our volunteer programs. For example: We use this data to report to and respond to NPS leadership, Congress, and FOIA requests, and we offer an annual report summary that is accessible to all NPS staff. Information in this report is also used to determine VIP budget distribution. Please take time to ensure the data you enter is accurate.

Section 1

Park and Contact Information

1. What Region is your site in?

Regions 8, 9, 10, 12 (PWR)

2. Enter your park acronym or four-letter alpha code.

MORA

3. Site Name.

Mount Rainier

4. Site Designation.

National Park

5. Site State(s).

Washington

6. Was your site's volunteer program active between October 1, 2021 and September 30, 2022?

Yes.

Section 2

Volunteer Numbers

This section tracks the number of volunteers at your park in FY22, separated by type of position (event/regular) and by age, veteran status, and National Service status. Event Volunteers: Served individually or as a group for a one-time or episodic volunteer opportunity. Ex: Trash pick-ups, tree-planting, set-up or tear-down for a park outreach event, etc. could all qualify, as would group projects that lasted several days, such as a Scout troop camping in the park for a week and completing service projects for two hours each morning before shifting to their own programming. Position-based/Regular/Recurring Volunteers: Served on some sort of regular schedule. Ex: Every Monday for four hours, 32 hours/week for three months during the summer, etc. Note: many regular volunteers may also assist with events, but should be counted among the regular volunteers. They should not be double-counted in both areas. Totals: Make sure total position-based/recurring and total event volunteer numbers reflect the total of all volunteers (including those who we do not know the age of). Volunteer Age: This information is captured on OF-301a (Individual Volunteer Services Agreements), but not OF-301b (Group sign-up form). Include information on age for recurring volunteers, and event volunteers only if you have it. Do not guess age if it is not known. For volunteers on the 2021 version of the OF301a form, their exact date of birth is now collected, rather than their age range. We will eventually modify annual reporting to align with this, but are not able to do so this year. In the meantime, you may use this general guide to simplify your reporting:

Under age 15 years old: Report volunteers with the birth years between 2022-2006 Between 15-18 years old: Report volunteers with the birth years between 2007-2004 Between 19-25 years old: Report volunteers with the birth years between 2003-1997 Between 26-35 years old: Report volunteers with the birth years between 1996-1987 Between 36-54 years old: Report volunteers with the birth years between 1986-1968 55 years old and older: Report volunteers with the birth years at or before 1967

7. Did your park/program have any EVENT volunteers at your site?

Event Volunteers serve individually or as a group for a one-time or episodic volunteer opportunity.

Ex: Trash pick-ups, tree-planting, set-up or tear-down for a park outreach event, etc. could all qualify, as would group projects that lasted several days, such as a Scout troop camping in the park for a week and completing service projects for two hours each morning before shifting to their own programming.

Yes.

8. How many event volunteers did your site host UNDER AGE 15?

9. How many event volunteers did your site host BETWEEN THE AGES OF 15-18? 161

10. How many event volunteers did your site host BETWEEN THE AGES OF 19-25?

11. How many event volunteers did your site host BETWEEN THE AGES OF 26-35?

012. How many event volunteers did your site host BETWEEN THE AGES OF 36-54?

013. How many event volunteers did your site host WHO WERE 55 OR OLDER?

014. How many TOTAL event volunteers did your site host?

1085

This number should include all event volunteers listed above, but is also your opportunity to account for event volunteers who did not provide an age range on their forms. (Particularly because the 301b does not ask for age.)

[Total volunteers in all categories this year: 1,977]

15. How many event volunteers did your site host WHO SELF-IDENTIFIED AS VETERANS?

0Volunteers may not self-identify as veterans; if they have not self-identified, they will not be counted here. This number will NOT be added to the above age-range numbers and so will not duplicate earlier numbers given. This number should include anyone who self-identified as a veteran, regardless of age.

16. Did your park/program have any POSITION volunteers at your site?

Position-based/Regular/Recurring Volunteers serve on some sort of regular schedule.

Ex: Every Monday for four hours, 32 hours/week for three months during the summer, etc. Note: many regular volunteers may also assist with events, but should be counted among the regular volunteers. They should not be double-counted in both areas.

Yes.

17. How many position-based (regular/recurring) volunteers did your site host UNDER AGE 15?

18. How many position-based (regular/recurring) volunteers did your site host BETWEEN THE AGES OF 15-18?

19. How many position-based (regular/recurring) volunteers did your site host BETWEEN THE AGES OF 19-25?

20. How many position-based (regular/recurring) volunteers did your site host BETWEEN THE AGES OF 26-35?

21. How many position-based (regular/recurring) volunteers did your site host BETWEEN THE AGES OF 36-54?

22. How many position-based (regular/recurring) volunteers did your site host WHO WERE 55 OR OLDER?

265

23. How many TOTAL position-based (regular/recurring) volunteers did your site host?

892

This number should include all position-based volunteers listed above, but is also your opportunity to account for volunteers who did not provide an age range on their forms.

24. How many position-based (regular/recurring) volunteers did your site host WHO SELF-IDENTIFIED AS VETERANS?

Section 3

Volunteer Activities

This section tracks the hours your volunteers served, separated by category of work. Answers should include hours served by both event and position-based/ recurring volunteers.

25. How many hours did your volunteers serve on ADMINISTRATION projects?

96.5

26. How many hours did your volunteers serve on CULTURAL RESOURCES projects? 3,104.25

27. How many hours did your volunteers serve on NATURAL RESOURCES projects? 8,601.5

28. How many hours did your volunteers serve on INTERPRETATION AND EDUCATION projects?

13,898.75

Note that hours spent specifically working in the Visitor Center will be addressed in the next question, and campground hosts are addressed further down. These categories should not be counted here.

29. How many hours did your volunteers serve in the VISITOR CENTER?

1,376.75

30. How many hours did your volunteers serve on FACILITIES/MAINTENANCE projects?

15,033

Note that hours spent specifically addressed Deferred Maintenance projects will be addressed in the next question. This category should not be counted here.

31. How many hours did your volunteers serve on DEFERRED MAINTENANCE projects?

032. How many hours did your volunteers serve on VISITOR PROTECTION/LAW ENFORCEMENT projects?

19,081.5

Although many campground hosts are supervised by VRP, those hours should be separated and addressed specifically in the next question.

33. How many hours did your volunteers serve as CAMPGROUND HOSTS?

3,246.75

34. How many hours did your volunteers serve in TRAINING?

2,601

35. If your volunteers accrued hours serving in another area that was not addressed above, please indicate the category of service here.

36. If your volunteers accrued hours serving in another area that was not addressed above, please indicate the total number of hours served here.

[Total volunteer hours in all categories: 67,040]

Section 4

Volunteer Housing

37. Did your park/program offer any housing to your volunteers?

Yes.

38. How many volunteers were housed in PERMANENT STRUCTURES?

39. How many volunteers were housed in TRAILERS?

040. How many volunteers were provided a TRAILER/RV PAD?

Section 5

National Volunteer Programs and Initiatives

This section is meant to parse out particular categories of volunteers within the volunteer totals given earlier in the report. These numbers will not be added to the volunteer numbers and hours already entered. If your site did not participate in a program or initiative, enter 0 or leave it blank.

41. How many ARTISTS IN RESIDENCE did your site host?

042. How many hours did ARTISTS IN RESIDENCE serve at your site?

043. How many INTERNATIONAL VIPs did your site host?

044. How many hours did INTERNATIONAL VIPs serve at your site?

045. How many NATIONAL DIVE PROGRAM volunteers did your site host?

046. How many hours did NATIONAL DIVE PROGRAM volunteers serve at your site?

047. How many NIGHT SKIES/ASTROVIP volunteers did your site host?

48. How many hours did NIGHT SKIES/ASTROVIP volunteers serve at your site?

205

49. How many BLACK POWDER/HISTORIC WEAPONS volunteers did your site host?

050. How many hours did BLACK POWDER/HISTORIC WEAPONS volunteers serve at your site?

051. How many CITIZEN SCIENCE volunteers did your site host?

133

52. How many hours did CITIZEN SCIENCE volunteers serve at your site?

2,297.5

53. Did you partner with a university for the ACCREDITED HIGHER ED VIP INTERNSHIP program at your park? If so, what university?

054. How many volunteers served through an ACCREDITED HIGHER ED VIP INTERNSHIP program?

055. How many hours did your volunteers serve through an ACCREDITED HIGHER ED VIP INTERNSHIP program?

056. Did you host ALTERNATIVE SPRING BREAK volunteers at your site?

57. How many volunteers served through an ALTERNATIVE BREAK program?

058. How many hours did your volunteers serve through an ALTERNATIVE BREAK program?

059. What corporate group(s) did you partner with for the CORPORATE VOLUNTEER program at your park, if any?

060. How many volunteers served through a CORPORATE VOLUNTEER program?

061. How many hours did your volunteers serve through a CORPORATE VOLUNTEER program?

062. Did your park host volunteers serving with a NATIONAL SERVICE program?

DO NOT COUNT National Service Members who served through a crew or internship that was funded by NPS funding (i.e., do not count Community Volunteer Ambassadors). Contact your regional Youth Program Manager to ensure those numbers are counted in the annual youth report.

Yes

63. How many total volunteers served through a NATIONAL SERVICE program?

64. How many hours did your volunteers serve through a NATIONAL SERVICE program?

1,228.5

65. Did your park host volunteers serving with a VETERAN SERVICE program?

66. How many total volunteers served through a VETERAN SERVICE program?

067. How many hours did your volunteers serve through a VETERAN SERVICE program?

068. How many total volunteers served through GIRL SCOUTS?

69. How many hours did your volunteers serve through GIRL SCOUTS?

100

70. How many total volunteers served through BOY SCOUTS?

71. How many hours did your volunteers serve through BOY SCOUTS?

317

72. How many total volunteers served through the Amtrak TRAILS & RAILS program?

073. How many hours did your volunteers serve through the Amtrak TRAILS & RAILS program?

074. If your site hosted volunteers through another partnership program or national initiative not listed above, please list the program or partners here.

75. If your site hosted volunteers through another partnership program or national initiative not listed above, please list the total number of volunteers not counted elsewhere here.

76. If your site hosted volunteers through another partnership program or national initiative not listed above, please list the total volunteer hours not counted elsewhere here.

Section 6

Volunteer Program Funding Volunteer programs only receive a small financial allotment from WASO/regional offices - much of the financial support comes from other fund sources. This section helps us understand the full financial makeup of volunteer programs.

Financial support includes the Volunteer Program Manager's salary as a percentage of time dedicated to running the volunteer program. For example: If you run the volunteer program as 10% of your job, the financial support to the Volunteer Program is 10% of your salary and benefits. This will typically come from Park Base/ONPS funding (it should not come from VIP distribution per RM7), but may vary based on park/program budgets.

77. How much funding did your volunteer program receive in VIP BASE FUNDS (including Trails & Rails funding)?

$15,622

This funding is allocated from the regional office and may include an annual allotment and/or VIP program support funding.

78. How much funding did your volunteer program receive from SCC PROJECT FUNDING?

The servicewide comprehensive call allocates project funding for fund sources like the Youth Partnership Program, the Interpretation & Education fund source, etc.

79. How much funding did your volunteer program receive from PARK RECREATION FEES?

080. How much funding did your volunteer program receive from PARK COMMERCIAL FEES?

081. How much funding did your volunteer program receive from PARK BASE FUNDING (ONPS)? $150,233

82. How much funding did your volunteer program receive from OTHER NPS FUNDING?

$58,663

Please indicate the total dollar amount received from other NPS sources not counted elsewhere.

[Centennial Match Grant funding]

83. How much funding did your volunteer program receive from the NATIONAL PARK FOUNDATION?

084. How much funding did your volunteer program receive from COOPERATING ASSOCIATIONS OR FRIENDS GROUPS?

085. How much funding did your volunteer program receive from DIRECT DONATIONS?

$131,738

[From Washington’s National Park Fund]

Section 7

Volunteer Program Costs

This section calculates the dollar amount spent by expense type.

86. Did your park/program spend any money on volunteer programming? Single choice.

Yes.

87. How much was spent on VOLUNTEER HOUSING?

$1,431

88. How much was spent on VOLUNTEER MEALS?

$2,813.14

This could include limited food as part of a recognition event, backcountry meals, or meal reimbursements for volunteers who were in "away from home" status.

[Note: due to a staff shortage, most of FY22′s reimbursements were processed after the end of the fiscal year and will be reported in FY23′s report.]

89. How much was spent on VOLUNTEER RECOGNITION/AWARDS?

$174

90. How much was spent on VOLUNTEER PROGRAM SUPPLIES?

$21,223

91. How much was spent on VOLUNTEER TRAINING?

0This can include training directly for the volunteers, or volunteer program management-related training provided to the volunteer program manager or volunteer supervisors.

92. How much was spent on VOLUNTEER TRANSPORTATION?

This could include mileage reimbursements or TDY for volunteers who were placed on invitational travel.

$33,362

[Includes GSA vehicle rentals]

93. How much was spent on VOLUNTEER UNIFORMS?

$8,610

94. How much was spent on VOLUNTEER BACKGROUND INVESTIGATIONS?

$360

95. Has your park/program spent funds from any other categories not mentioned above?

Yes.

96. If funding was spent on any other categories, please indicate the total dollar amount here.

$288,283

97.If funding was spent on any other categories, please explain what the funding was spent on. Required to answer.

Cooperative Agreements for internships and youth crews ($54,643); salaries and benefits of full-time Volunteer Program Manager and seasonal VIP Assistant (paid out of park base funds specified in line 81) and crew leaders ($233,640 total).

98. If you selected, "No" to question 86, please explain why your park/program did not spend any funding on volunteer programming. If you selected "Yes", respond N/A. Required to answer. Multi Line Text.

Section 8

Volunteer Program Narratives

99. Is the volunteer program manager position at your site a full-time role (as opposed to collateral duty)? Select "Yes" if volunteer management is their full-time role and "No" if volunteer management is a collateral duty.

Yes.

100. What percentage of the volunteer program manager's time is devoted to volunteer program management? Enter a percent, up to 100% for a full-time volunteer manager.

100%

101. Were there any additional NPS staff who served in volunteer management as either volunteer coordinators or volunteer supervisors?

Yes.

102. How many additional NPS staff who serve as volunteer coordinators are there at your site?

For example, the I&E, FM, and/or Resources divisions may have volunteer coordinators housed within their divisions to help coordinate groups, individuals, etc. May not apply to your park.

103. What percentage of the additional volunteer coordinator's time is devoted to volunteer program management? Enter a percent, up to 100% for a full-time volunteer coordinator.

100%

[Seasonal employee]

104. How many additional NPS staff who serve as volunteer supervisors are there at your site?

For example, the I&E, FM, and/or Resources divisions may have volunteer supervisors housed within their divisions. May not apply to your park.

105. What percentage of the additional volunteer supervisor's time is devoted to volunteer program management? Enter a percent, up to 100% for a full-time volunteer supervisor.

10%

106. What programmatic challenges did your site's volunteer program face this year? How were they addressed? (Up to 250 words)

Many park programs are still not back to full staffing levels after the Covid-19 Pandemic and thus were not able to work with as many volunteers as they had previously. We are looking for other ways to accommodate volunteer groups through partnerships. Covid itself was not much of an issue; we lost a few volunteers due to Covid protocols but most complied with guidelines readily. A few other volunteers continue to stay home due to being in high risk categories.

Please specifically address how your site handled volunteers during COVID, but also address other issues that arose.

107. What success stories did your site's volunteer program have this year? What are you the most proud of? (Up to 250 words)

The park’s Meadow Rover program continues to grow rapidly, with 258 active volunteers now contributing 11,000 hours of service and contacting 202,000 people. This has a tremendously positive affect on our ability to protect subalpine meadows through education and has proactively reduced search and rescue incidents. Citizen Science is also extremely popular with programs surveying amphibians, dragonflies, butterflies, wildflowers, and bats. Trail maintenance continues to excel through partnership with the Washington Trails Association. Outreach to groups like Latino Outdoors is opening doors for participation by groups more representative of our diverse community. Washington’s National Park Fund continues to be an invaluable partner for fundraising in support of the volunteer program.

108. What goals do you have for your site's volunteer program next year? (Up to 250 words)

The Volunteer Program seeks to continue outreach to diverse groups in our community to open doors for both recreation and stewardship in our park. We hope that as the Covid-19 pandemic recedes, staffing will return to levels that better accommodate the large number of volunteer groups who seek to work with us.

109. How many volunteer trainings did you, as the site volunteer program manager, host/lead this year for VIPs? (Up to 250 words)

110. Please specify the training topics covered for VIPs. (Up to 250 words)

Individual training was provided by supervisors around the park. Training led by the volunteer program itself included Meadow Rover operations (informal interpretation, PSAR, and emergency response); Diversity, Equity and Inclusion; Native Americans and Archeology at Mount Rainier; wildflower identification; and Leave No Trace.

111. How many volunteer-related trainings did you, as the site volunteer program manager, deliver to other park/partner staff (not VIPs)? (Up to 250 words)

0112. Please specify the training topics covered for park/partner staff (not VIPs).

113. Anything else you'd like to add, ask, and/or address?

#Annual Activity and Expense Report

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dizzydispatch · 9 days

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IX-I-I

History Lessons with Dizzy: Part 1 (the Origins of 9-1-1)

Content warning: brief mentions of domestic violence, school shootings, and death

"Hurry!" coughed one little boy. "Hurry! Get us out!"

"We're suffocating!" the other cried, his voice echoing from beneath the boulder that has entrapped them.

Through coughs and pleas for aid, one of the two boys managed to utter one of the funniest lines ever written into a kids' movie, if you're sharp enough to pick it up:

youtube

"Somebody call IX-I-I!"

This moment from Disney's 1997 film Hercules has always been one of my favorite moments. For anyone who doesn't get it, the boy is pleading for some bystander to dial IX-I-I, which is how one might represent 9-1-1 in Roman numerals.

The reference is further anachronized by the fact that, despite using the titular hero's Roman name (Hercules was, by many accounts, a Romanized take on the Greek Heracles), it is well-established that the movie takes place in Greece. Roman numerals wouldn't be invented until the ninth century B.C.E., whereas the hero Heracles would have been assumed to live closer to 1280 B.C.E., a few decades prior to the start of the Trojan War-- three hundred years prior to the advent of Roman numerals.

However inconsistent with historical and mythological timelines, the detail is, nevertheless, still amusing. Of course, to the layperson (especially one who didn't spend their junior high years poring over the Percy Jackson series, and who certainly wouldn't have read The Iliad well before high school), the joke is as forgettable as it is quick.

Most people my age grew up being taught that, in case of emergency, you dial 9-1-1. I can't remember a time I didn't know that. Even if my parents hadn't taught me, my kindergarten would have, when the fire department did yearly visits to the local elementary schools to teach kids how to do that funky little dance we call stop, drop, and roll.

So it's probably a bit mind-boggling for anyone under the age of thirty to realize that "Call 9-1-1" wouldn't be the accompanying lyrics to the You're On Fire: Now What? choreography. Today, about 96% of the United States is covered by 9-1-1, with much of the "dead space" belonging to areas where cell service is not a guarantee anyway.

But 9-1-1 has only been around for about fifty years. In fact, my town still has the old copper lines in operation today, their upkeep likely due to the not-insubstantial population of mostly older folks who still use them to dial the Police and Fire Departments directly.

In the "old days," to report a fire, you'd call your town's local FD directly. To request police response to a scene, you'd call the PD. The first "dispatchers" were often just whatever officers happened to be in the station. There were also no standards by which these officers would be obligated to respond to every reported emergency.

This lack of response standards is how you get fiascos like the one depicted in one of my favorite campy horror movies, Killer Klowns from Outer Space (1988). I had a movie night with some work friends once, and we turned this one into a drinking game: Take A Shot Every Time Someone Does Something That Would Get You Fired In 2024.

Before 9-1-1, if you were in need of medical transport, you would have called a hospital. (If the hospital could spare you an ambulance, it wouldn't have been staffed by medical professionals, either. The advent and development of EMS as we now know it was a result of the spread of large highways, as the increasing rate of speed in modern vehicles and the danger of their occasional collisions became more and more prevalent-- but that's a topic for another day.)

The need for these numbers to be consolidated was first pointed out in 1957 at the National Association of Fire Chiefs, where the idea for designating one standardized number at which fires could be reported. A decade later, in 1967, the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice convened and decided that the Fire Chiefs were right.

It was at the suggestion of AT&T to the FCC that the numerals 9-1-1 were chosen, as they were easy both to remember and to dial, and had not yet been assigned either as an area code or a direct line to anywhere.

Up until then, all phone numbers had been seven digits, and the telephone infrastructure was not equipped to take or dial out a 3-digit one. So the structures in place that facilitated telephone communications had to be fixed up in order to process 9-1-1 calls and route them to emergency response agencies, later dubbed "PSAPs". This was a lengthy process, but Congress had backed AT&T's proposal with a series of legislative acts carried out over the next few decades.

The first 9-1-1 call was made on February 16th, 1968 by Rankin Fite, Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives. However, it wasn't yet a standardized practice. Just because Haleyville, Alabama incorporated 9-1-1, soon to be followed by the State of Alaska and some scattered other places, didn't mean the rest of the country automatically did, too.

Furthermore, by the time that call volume necessitated designated call-takers, such individuals were not equipped the way we are today. My training enables me to virtually triage a mass casualty event, give life-sustaining medical intervention instructions, and analyze (and hopefully diffuse) a variety of dangerous situations. But the idea of EMD wasn't introduced until after 1978, when the Salt Lake Fire/EMS determined that dispatchers could play a far more vital role in saving lives if only they were trained in pre-arrival intervention.

In 1973, the White House's Office of Telecommunications issued a declaration encouraging mass adoption of the program. In the next three years, 9-1-1 was adopted by just under a fifth of the country. By the 80s, it was up to a quarter, with nine states fully covered, and by 1987, about half the country recognized 9-1-1.

Just as the century was about to turn, Congress passed the Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999, which amended the Communications Act of 1934 (the same bill that created the FCC). The amendment did several things, including officially establishing 9-1-1 as a nationwide emergency number, allowing cell phone carriers to release location information with PSAPs, and requiring that both listed and unlisted phones be able to access 9-1-1, whether they were contracted for phone service or not.

As the 20th Century came to a close, over 90% of the United States had 9-1-1 coverage, and 95% of that was what we call "Enhanced 9-1-1." This refers to the location service that cellular callers mean when they respond to my inquiries about their location by asking me that frustrating question: "Don't you have, like, a map or something?"

(For the record, yes. I have a map. No, I do not wish to gamble your safety, no matter how annoying you are, on the odds that my maps are always correct. Remember, kiddos: 911: Lone Ranger is not a higher authority than my training.)

It's not just the scope of 9-1-1 that has been developing since its inception, however: the quality of 9-1-1 care has been a constant source of legislative motions as well.

In 2013, in a quiet hotel room in Texas, a man broke into the room of Kari Hunt Dunn and her daughter. While Kari recognized the man as her estranged husband and likely pleaded with him to not hurt her, Kari's daughter was trying to call for help. Though only nine years old, she knew to dial 9-1-1 in emergencies-- but unfortunately, the hotel's landline service required its users to dial "9" before making external calls.

To a generation raised with cell phones, the idea of needing to "dial out" is unthinkable, so of course the little girl didn't know why none of her four calls went answered. All she knew is that she'd been told her whole life that, no matter what happened, if she dialed 9-1-1, someone would come to help, and now, nobody was coming.

For five years, Kari's father Hank Hunt fought to make sure nothing like this would ever happen again. Finally, on February 16, 2018, "Kari's Law" was passed federally, requiring all phone service companies to ensure that 9-1-1 would be accessible on all serviceable phones, without the need to dial out.

Along with Kari's law, you also have RAY BAUM’S Act, which highlights the importance of exact location services and encourages PSAPs to use whatever tools and technology are available to obtain as precise a location as possible. There's also Alyssa's Law, named for a victim of the Parkland school shooting, that requires schools to have silent panic alarms linked directly to emergency response services, and has been passed in many states.

It's hard to reconcile the good these laws do with the names we give them: each one a reminder of the people we've failed to save, the disasters we couldn't prevent, the deaths we couldn't stop. But each call I take, I learn a bit more, and I get a little bit better at my job. And with each tragedy that we as emergency responders fail to prevent, we refine our craft a little bit more.

Seeing how 9-1-1 has developed in this time is one way to mark our progress. We've come a long way, after all, from the days of IX-I-I.

#911 dispatch #911 dispatcher #911 dispatchers #dizzydispatch #dizzydispatch911 #History Lessons with Dizzy #history of 911 #history of emergency response #history of public safety #public safety #history of 9-1-1 #origins of 9-1-1 #public safety communications #history #Kari's law #RAY BAUM'S Act #Alyssa's Law #Youtube

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ethn11winter24 · 3 months

Text

Who Was Kathleen Neal Cleaver?

By Emna Belhadj

Introduction

Throughout history, women have banded together during revolutions to bring about societal change through organized movements. The Civil Rights Movement is no exception. African American women were key players in renowned boycotts, protests, and uprisings. Kathleen Neal Cleaver is one of these women. She has dedicated her life to the cause of black empowerment and to calling out the hypocrisy present within the American justice system. Through her work within several activist programs, Cleaver has been a spokesperson for the marginalized and a nationwide symbol for black power.

Cleaver addresses the congregation of the Unitarian Church, San Rafael, Calif.

Early Life

Kathleen Neal Cleaver was born in 1945 in Dallas, Texas. While her upbringing was fairly good in terms of education and socioeconomic status (American Public Media), she was not deterred from the field of civil rights. Since her father worked as a member of the Foreign Service, she spent a large majority of her childhood living abroad. After returning to the United States, Cleaver attended two universities: Oberlin College and Barnard College. It was at this time in her life that her work as an activist began.

Activist Work and Travel

In 1966, Cleaver made the decision to drop out of university to pursue activism full time. She became a member of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, an activist group dedicated to “nonviolent, direct action tactics” (Stanford). This program worked side by side with Martin Luther King, Jr. via the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, yet remained separate due to differences in principle values. It was at a SNCC conference in 1967 where Cleaver met her future husband, Eldrige Cleaver. At the time, he was the Minister of Information for the Black Panther Party. The ideology of the BPP captivated Cleaver- the self-determination, the community service, the organization, all of it. She accepted his request to join him in San Francisco, California to work with him as a member of the Black Panthers, and they were married soon after.

Kathleen and Eldrige Cleaver after the birth of their son, Ahmad Maceo. Algeria, 1969.

Cleaver became the Communications Secretary of the BPP, and was “the first woman in the Party’s leadership group” (National Archives). Her work consisted of attending court hearings, holding press conferences, speaking at party rallies and protests, and organizing demonstrations. When asked about her role as a woman within the party, Cleaver always responded there was no difference between her work or a man’s. All she wished to be was involved in the struggle for revolution. Her ‘dismissal’ of gender in terms of affected work ethic paved the way for many black women to become involved with the organization on a national scale.

Cleaver's time with the party was cut short, however, after her husband had a disagreement with Huey Newton, a co-founder of the Panthers. They were banned from the party in 1971. One year after her husband fled to Algeria to escape law enforcement, she joined him. This move did not halt her activist work! While traveling the world and raising her two children, Ahmad Maceo and Joju, the Cleavers “started a new organization called the Revolutionary People’s Communication Network” (BlackPast). The program served as a means of communication between different revolutionary leaders and groups on a global scale.

Cleaver returned to the U.S. in 1975 only to find the Black Panther Party dismantled due to both direct targeting from the FBI and internal disagreements. She also believed capitalism had a stake in the organization’s demise, stating in a 1997 interview the maintenance of the status quo went hand in hand with financial affluence. Throughout her life, she has continued to advocate against capitalism and its byproduct of systemic inequality.

Further Education and Legacy

After separating from her husband, Cleaver decided to re-enroll in college. She obtained two degrees from Yale University in the 1980s and then worked as a lawyer and clerk. Cleaver served time at the prestigious law firm of Cravath, Swain, and Moore in NYC as well as the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third District. Today, she is a senior lecturer at Emory University’s School of Law.

Her knowledge of the field of law in combination with her activist experience have allowed Cleaver to further fight for the rights of Black Africans. She has appeared on numerous television shows and documentaries and has represented a few death row inmates in court. Cleaver’s accomplishments render her absolutely deserving of credit for the Civil Rights Movement’s progress; she serves as inspiration for black women across the world to become involved firsthand in the fight for equity and a better quality of life.

Kathleen Cleaver speaks at a rally to free political prisoners in 1998.

Works Cited

“Kathleen Cleaver .” National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration. www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/individuals/kathleen-cleaver. Accessed 17 Jan. 2024.

Media, American Public. “American RadioWorks - Say It Plain, Say It Loud.” APM Reports - Investigations and Documentaries from American Public Media. americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/blackspeech/kcleaver.html#:~:text=Kathleen%20Cleaver%20was%20the%20first,was%20the%20Panthers’%20communications%20secretary. Accessed 17 Jan. 2024.

Nielsen, Euell A. “Kathleen Neal Cleaver (1945- ) .” BlackPast, 11 Jan. 2020, blackpast.org/african-american-history/cleaver-kathleen-neal-1945/. Accessed 17 Jan. 2024.

For More Information

Cleaver’s Interview with The Fifth Estate, 2017:

“Kathleen Cleaver, Former Black Panther - The Fifth Estate.” YouTube, YouTube, 15 Mar. 2017, www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdIe3fV5i_E. Accessed 17 Jan. 2024.

More Information of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee:

“Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).” The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, Stanford University, kinginstitute.stanford.edu/student-nonviolent-coordinating-committee-sncc. Accessed 17 Jan. 2024.

Perhaps Cleaver’s most famous interview: Henry Louis Gates, 1997:

“Interview with Kathleen Cleaver | the Two Nations of Black America | Frontline.” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/race/interviews/kcleaver.html. Accessed 17 Jan. 2024.

Thank you for reading!

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theharpermovieblog · 4 months

Text

🎥THE COMPLETE 2023 MOVIE LIST🎥

(Without the Halloween and Christmas lists)

#HARPERSMOVIECOLLECTION

FILMS OF 2023

1. Banshees of Inisherin (2023)

2. The Visitor (1979)

3 The Hunt for Red October (1990)

4. The Four Seasons (1981)

5. The Burbs (1989)

6. The Blob (1958)

7. The Blob (1988)

8. Raging Bull (1980)

9. River's Edge (1986)

10. A Shot In The Dark (1964)

11. Violent Night (2022)

12. Pearl (2022)

13. It Happened One Night (1934)

14. Secretary (2002)

15. Dracula (1992)

16. Hard Target (1993)

17. Skinamarink (2022)

18. Head Of The Family (1996)

19. Rubber's Lover (1996)

20. Dr. No (1962)

21. Goldeneye (1995)

22. On The Silver Globe (1988)

23. Top Knot Detective (2016)

24. Fantastic Voyage (1966)

25. Crimes Of The Future (2022)

26. Get Carter (1971)

27. Dog Soldiers (2022)

28. Demon City Shinjuku (1988)

29. Death Line AKA: Raw Meat (1972)

30. Indian Jones and the Kingdom Of The Crystal Skull (2008)

31. Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)

32. Invaders From Mars (1953)

33. The Velvet Vampire (1971)

34. Cobra (1986)

35. Assault On Precinct 13 (1976)

36. Batman Returns (1992)

37. My Dinner With Andre (1981)

38. Beyond The Darkness (1979)

39. VIY (1967)

40. Communion (1989)

41. The Cable Guy (1996)

42. In The Mouth Of Madness (1994)

43. From Beyond (1986)

44. Wings Of Desire (1987)

45. The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the Eighth Dimension (1984)

46. The Living Dead At Manchester Morgue (1974)

47. The Man Who Would Be King (1975)

48. Casablanca (1942)

49. Swamp Thing (1982)

50. The Unbearable Weight Of Massive Talent (2022)

51. Cronos (1993)

52. Spiral (2021)

53. Boss Level (2020)

54. Kids In The Hall: Brain Candy (1996)

55. The Menu (2022)

56. Altered States (1980)

57. The Terror (1963)

58. The Sword And The Sorcerer (1982)

59. The Verdict (1982)

60. Nothing But Trouble (1991)

61. John Wick Chapter 4 (2023)

62. Maniac Cop (1988)

63. Maniac Cop 2 (1990)

64. The Thing From Another World (1951)

65. AntiChrist (2009)

66. Dungeons And Dragons Honor Among Thieves (2023)

67. Revenge Of The Ninja (1983)

68. The Raven (1963)

69. Lost Highway (1997)

70. The Devil's Rain (1975)

71. Critters (1986)

72. Jackie Brown (1997)

73. The Night Of The Werewolf (1981)

74. The Bridge On The River Kwai (1957)

75. The Super Mario Bros. Movie (2023)

76. Cocaine Bear (2023)

77. After Hours (1985)

78. Batman Forever (1995)

79. The Big Lebowski (1998)

80. Things (1989)

81. Onibaba (1964)

82. Commando (1985)

83. Jacob's Ladder (1990)

84. Saint Maud (2019)

85. Fright Night (1985)

86. Fright Night Part 2 (1988)

87. Joe Versus The Volcano (1990)

88. Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014)

89. The Hobbit (1977)

90. The Lair Of The White Worm (1988)

91. Tango And Cash (1989)

92. Desperado (1995)

93. Puss And Boots: The Last Wish (2022)

94. The People Under The Stairs (1991)

95. Tales From The Crypt: Demon Knight (1995)

96. Robin Redbreast (1970)

97. The Missouri Breaks (1976)

98. Pumpkinhead (1988)

99. God Told Me To (1976)

100. The Cabinet Of Dr. Caligari (1920)

101. The Hateful Eight (2015)

102. Nowhere (1997)

103. Tommy (1975)

104. Last Shift (2014)

105. Multiple Maniacs (1970)

106. Bronson (2008)

107. Child Of God (2013)

108. Subspecies (1991)

109. Batman: Mask Of The Phantasm (1993)

110. The Hound Of The Baskervilles (1959)

111. Blood Simple (1984)

112. Bloodstone: Subspecies 2 (1993)

113. Beneath The Planet of the Apes (1970)

114. The Fly 2 (1989)

115. Berberian Sound Studio (2012)

116. Antiviral (2012)

117. Evil Dead Rise (2023)

118. Sundown: The Vampire In Retreat (1989)

119. Terrifier 2 (2022)

120. Shivers (1975)

121. The McPherson Tape (1989)

122. Moonage Daydream (2022)

123. The Saddest Music In The World (2003)

124. Masters Of Horror: Cigarette Burns (2005)

125. Lurking Fear (1994)

126. The Passion Of The Christ (2004)

127. Rambo: Last Blood (2019)

128. Fantastic Planet (1973)

129. Old Henry (2021)

130. Halloween Ends (2022)

131. The Shakiest Gun In The West (1968)

132. M3GAN (2022)

133. Smile (2022)

134. DUNE (2021)

135. High Noon (1952)

136. Hot Fuzz (2007)

137. Infinity Pool (2023)

138. Tales From The Gimli Hospital (1988)

139. Bullit (1968)

140. Jesus Shows You The Way To The Highway (2019)

141. Subspecies V: Blood Rise (2023)

142. Dario Argento's Dracula (2012)

143. Barbie (2023)

144. The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934)

145. The Dead Zone (1983)

146. The Neon Demon (2016)

147. Krull (1983)

148. Stephen King's Graveyard Shift (1990)

149. Elliot (2017)

150. Dogville (2002)

151. Eastern Promises (2007)

152. Sorcerer (1977)

153. Dagon (2001)

154. Zatoichi (1989)

155. Equinox (1970)

156. Clash Of The Titans (1981)

157. Calvaire/The Ordeal (2004)

158. Waxwork 2: Lost In Time (1992)

159. Matinee (1993)

160. Blood For Dracula (1974)

161. Murder By Decree (1979)

162. Ghostbusters: Afterlife (2021)

163. A Night To Remember (1958)

164. The Night Stalker (1972)

165. The Night Strangler (1973)

166. Don't Torture A Duckling (1972)

167. Fargo (1996)

168. Bloodsport (1988)

169. Robin Hood: Prince Of Thieves (1991)

170. The Terminator (1984)

171. 4D Man (1959)

172. Magic (1978)

173. Trilogy Of Terror (1975)

174. Paprika (2006)

175. The Changeling (1980)

176. The Devil's Chair (2007)

177. The Omega Man (1971)

178. A Nightmare On Elm Street 4: The Dream Master (1988)

179. The Time Machine (1960)

180. Three Thousand Years Of Longing (2022)

181. Red Riding: 1974 (2009)

182. Red Riding: 1980 (2009)

183. Red Riding: 1983 (2009)

184. The Devil's (1971)

185. Once Upon A Time In The West (1968)

186. Lonesome Dove (1989)

187. The Never Ending Story (1984)

188. The Seventh Curse (1986)

189. Dreamland (2019)

190. Money Plane (2020)

191. Dune (1984)

192. Halloween 2 (1981)

193. Fool's Paradise (2023)

194. The Straight Story (1999)

195. A Serious Man (2009)

196. A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)

197. Misery (1990)

198. Forbidden Planet (1956)

199. Time Bandits (1981)

200. Escape From New York (1981)

201. Escape From L.A. (1996)

202. HEAD (1968)

203. Leptirica (1973)

204. Indiana Jones And The Dial Of Destiny (2023)

205. The War Of The Worlds (1953)

206. Godzilla: Minus One (2023)

207. Horror Express (1972)

208. TÁR (2022)

209. Runaway (1984)

210. Shock Treatment (1981)

211. Apocalypse Now: Redux (1979)-(2001)

212. Barry Lyndon (1975)

#HarpersMovieCollection2023 #HarpersMovieCollection #HarpersFilmAddiction

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brookston · 10 months

Text

Holidays 7.2

Holidays

Asian Openbill Day

Battle of Marston Moor Anniversary Day

Be Nice To People You Don't Like Day

Cecil the Lion Day

Civil Rights Day

Diplomatic Service Day (Kazakhstan)

Disappearance of Amelia Earhart Day

Fisherman’s Day (Marshall Islands)

Flag Day (Curaçao)

Freedom From Fear of Public Speaking Day

Half and Half Day [7.1 in Leap Years]

I Forgot Day

International Earp Day

International Robot Day

Lavender Day (French Republic)

Made in the USA Day

Midpoint Day

National Disco Day (New Zealand)

National Literacy Day

National Margot Robbie Day

National Report Military Fraud Day

National Thank You Day

National Wildland Firefighter Day

Palio di Provenzano (Siena, Italy, Italy horse race) [also 8.16]

Police Day (Azerbaijan)

Ra o te Ui Ariki (Cook Islands)

Rebildfesten (Denmark)

Remember To Feed the Hummingbirds Day

Special Recreation for the Disabled Day

Steam Engine Day

Sylvia Rivera Day

Try to Find Your Slinky Day

Violin Lovers’ Day

Walmart Day

World Disorders of the Corpus Callosum Day

World Porcupine Day

World Sports Journalists Day

World UFO Day [& 6.24]

Food & Drink Celebrations

National Anisette Day

Õllesummer begins (Beer Summer; Estonia)

1st Sunday in July

Alexanderson Day (Sweden) [Sunday closest to 7.2]

Independence Sunday (Iowa) [Sunday before 7.4]

NAIDOC (National Aboriginal and Islander Day Observance Committee) Week begins (Australia) [1st Sunday]

National Build a Scarecrow Day [1st Sunday]

National Dombyra Day (Kazakhstan) [1st Sunday]

Sparkling Wine Week begins [1st Sunday]

Independence Days

Bahia (Brazilian state; from Portugal; 1823)

Gumland (Declared; 2019) [unrecognized]

Feast Days

Aberoh and Atom (Coptic Church)

Adonia (Ancient Rome)

André Kertész (Artology)

Asala (a.k.a. Asalha Puja or Dharma Day; Buddhism)

Bernardino Realino (Christian; Saint)

Day of Bes (Pagan)

Feast of Expectant Mothers (Ancient Rome)

Feast of the Visitation (Anglicanism; Levoča at Mariánska hora)

St. Leo the Great (Positivist; Saint)

Mid Year’s Day (Discordian)

Monegundis (a.k.a. Monegondes; Christian; Saint)

Otto (a.k.a. Otho) of Bamberg (Christian; Saint)

Oudoceus (Christian; Saint)

Pesto Sauce Day (Pastafarian)

Phil Spector Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Pippa Pepper (Muppetism)

Pishoy (Coptic Church)

Processus and Martinian (Christian; Martyrs)

The Secret of HIMH (Animated Film; 1982)

Stephen III of Moldavia (Christian; Saint)

Swithin (Christian; Saint)

Visitation of the Blessed Virgin (Christian)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Sensho (先勝 Japan) [Good luck in the morning, bad luck in the afternoon.]

Premieres

Airplane! (Film; 1980)

Bang a Gong (Get It On), by T. Rex (Song; 1971)

Before Sunset (Film; 2004)

Boyz n the Hood (Film; 1991)

The Chamber of Secrets, by J.K. Rowling (Novel; 1998) [Harry Potter #2]

Coraline, by Neil Gaiman (Novella; 2002)

Don’t Be Cruel recorded, by Elvis Presley (Song; 1956)

Earth to Echo (Film; 2014)

Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (Animated Film; 2001)

Finlandia, by Jean Sibelius (Tone Poem; 1900)

The Firm (Film; 1993)

The Great Mouse Detective (Animated Disney Film; 1986)

Hancock (Film; 2008)

Her Majesty, recorded by The Beatles (Song; 1969)

Hound Dog, recorded by Elvis Presley (Song; 1956)

Ice Ice Baby, by Vanilla Ice (Song; 1990)

Imperial Bedroom, by Elvis Costello (Album; 1982)

King Creole (Film; 1958) [Elvis Presley #4]

Men in Black (Film; 1997)

Much Ado About Nothing (Film; 1993)

Night and Day (Film; 1946)

The Secret of NIMH (Animated Film; 1982)

Sergeant York (Film; 1941)

Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas (Film; 2003)

Spider-Man: Far From Home (Film; 2019)

Taggart (UK TV Series; 1985)

Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (Film; 2003)

Tomorrowland (Disneyland section opens; 1967)

Under the cherry Moon (Film; 1986)

U.S. Declaration of Independence passed by Congress (Political Document; 1776)

Warrior Nun (TV Series; 2020)

Today’s Name Days

Wiltrud (Austria)

Mladen, Ostoja, Oton, Višnja (Croatia)

Patricie (Czech Republic)

Maria (Denmark)

Milve, Milvi (Estonia)

Kukka-Maaria, Maaria, Maija, Maiju, Maikki, Mari, Maria, Marika, Meeri, Riia (Finland)

Martinien (France)

Jakob, Mariä, Wiltrud (Germany)

Anargyros, Argyris, Damianos, Kosmas (Greece)

Ottó (Hungary)

Bernardino, Maria, Ottone (Italy)

Dauma, Ilvars, Lauma, Vineta (Latvia)

Gantautė, Jotvingas, Marijonas (Lithuania)

Kjartan, Kjellfrid (Norway)

Juda, Maria, Martynian, Otto, Piotr, Urban (Poland)

Stefan (România)

Berta (Slovakia)

Bernardino, Marcia, Urbano, Vidal (Spain)

Rosa, Rosita (Sweden)

Othello, Otis, Otto, Penelope, Penny, Petunia (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 183 of 2024; 182 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 7 of week 26 of 2023

Celtic Tree Calendar: Duir (Oak) [Day 21 of 28]

Chinese: Month 5 (Wu-Wu), Day 15 (Xin-You)

Chinese Year of the: Rabbit 4721 (until February 10, 2024)

Hebrew: 13 Tammuz 5783

Islamic: 13 Dhu al-Hijjah 1444

J Cal: 3 Lux; Threesday [3 of 30]

Julian: 19 June 2023

Moon: 99%: Waxing Gibbous

Positivist: 15 Charlemagne (7th Month) [St. Leo the Great]

Runic Half Month: Feoh (Wealth) [Day 4 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 12 of 94)

Zodiac: Cancer (Day 12 of 31)

#calendar #Holidays

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