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mariebenz · 4 years

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Could a Ketone Drink Help Keep Blood Sugar Under Control?

MedicalResearch.com Interview with:

Dr. Little Jonathan P. Little PhD Associate Professor Canadian Institutes of Health Research New Investigator Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar Faculty of Health and Social Development School of Health and Exercise Sciences The University of British Columbia Syilx Okanagan Nation Territory Kelowna, BC Canada MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? Response: Ketones are energy-yielding molecules that are bodies naturally produce during periods of starvation or when we restrict carbohydrate intake. Recently, scientists from Oxford and the NIH have created exogenous ketone supplements, which now enable us to be able to drink ketones. This puts our body into a unique state – we can consume a drink that raises blood levels of ketones without having to starve or restrict carbohydrate intake. Some are even touting ketone supplements as a “fourth macronutrient”. Ketone supplements are primarily marketed for athletes to provide an alternative fuel for improving endurance exercise performance. We were actually studying how ketone supplements impacted exercise performance when we noticed that they consistently lowered blood glucose after participants consumed them. We went to the literature and found some classic papers where it was shown that infusing ketones did in fact lower glucose and the mechanism seemed to involve reducing liver glucose output. This was very exciting to us because we also study type 2 diabetes, a condition where blood sugars are too high and elevated liver glucose output is one of the major reasons. So we came up with the hypothesis that ketone supplements might be a unique strategy to help with blood glucose control. In the recent study, we tested this out in a randomized crossover experiment in 15 participants with overweight/obesity who were at risk for type 2 diabetes. Participants drank the ketone monoester supplement or a placebo and 30 minutes later they consumed an oral glucose tolerance test drink containing 75 grams of sugar. Blood samples were collected for 2 hours after the glucose test drink. MedicalResearch.com: What are the main findings? Response: We saw that the ketone supplement raised blood ketones very quickly. Within 15 minutes the blood ketone levels were similar to those you would find if you fasted for ~5 days – so the ketone monoester was very efficient at raising ketones. In line with our hypothesis, blood glucose levels were reduced 30 minutes after consuming the ketone supplement and then remained lower compared to placebo throughout the entire 2 hours after the glucose tolerance test. This occurred while insulin levels were similar in both ketone and placebo conditions, suggesting that the lowered glucose was not the result of increased insulin secretion and likely due to a direct effect of the ketones themselves. MedicalResearch.com: What should readers take away from your report? Response: Because ketone supplements are so new, research is in its infancy on this topic. The fact that you can raise your blood ketones by consuming a drink is intriguing but it is a unique situation for our bodies. We don’t know what the long-term effects of this are, although published studies show that there are no seemingly negative effects of consuming them consistently for up to 28 days. I think the concept of ketone supplements, and our results, are intriguing but they should be taken in context. This was a small study that only looked at glucose levels for 2 hours after consuming a sugar drink so we don’t know what might happen over the longer term. The study was also done in people who were at risk for type 2 diabetes but they did not have clinically elevated blood sugar, so the findings may not extrapolate to people with diabetes. MedicalResearch.com: What recommendations do you have for future research as a result of this work? Response: We are currently working on longer term studies and research in people with type 2 diabetes in the lab. These are needed before we could ever recommend taking ketone supplements to help control blood sugar. Other potentially exciting research regarding ketone supplements is being done in the areas of Alzheimer’s disease/dementia, hunger/appetite, reducing inflammation, and improving exercise performance. MedicalResearch.com: Is there anything else you would like to add? Response: Ketone supplements are relatively new and anecdotes greatly outweigh research evidence right now. It is intriguing to think that we can raise ketones by consuming a drink but we need more research to understand how these compounds impact our physiology. Citation: Étienne Myette-Côté, Hannah G Caldwell, Philip N Ainslie, Kieran Clarke, Jonathan P Little. A ketone monoester drink reduces the glycemic response to an oral glucose challenge in individuals with obesity: a randomized trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2019; 110 (6): 1491 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz232 Last Modified: The information on MedicalResearch.com is provided for educational purposes only, and is in no way intended to diagnose, cure, or treat any medical or other condition. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health and ask your doctor any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. In addition to all other limitations and disclaimers in this agreement, service provider and its third party providers disclaim any liability or loss in connection with the content provided on this website. Read the full article

#diabetes #glucose #jnutritionorg #ketones #nutrition #supplements #ubcokanagan

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tekmodetech · 6 years

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‘I met my wife on a train platform’: Twitter responds to Elon Musk with positive public transport stories | Cities

Elon Musk’s criticism of public transport has prompted an outpouring of tales of the connections and neighborhood fashioned within the midst of a “bunch of random strangers” on mass transit.

The billionaire entrepreneur had expressed disdain for the inconvenience and cramped confines of mass transit – together with the potential proximity to “serial killers” – in response to an viewers member’s query about public transport and concrete sprawl on the Neural Information Processing Systems conference in Lengthy Seashore, California, final week.

“I believe public transport is painful. It sucks,” he mentioned. “Why do you wish to get on one thing with a number of different folks, that doesn’t go away the place you need it to go away, doesn’t begin the place you need it to start out, doesn’t finish the place you need it to finish? And it doesn’t go on a regular basis …

“It’s a ache within the ass,” Musk concluded. “That’s why everybody doesn’t prefer it. And there’s like a bunch of random strangers, one in every of who is perhaps a serial killer – OK, nice. And in order that’s why folks like individualised transport, that goes the place you need, if you need.”

According to Wired’s report, Musk went on to dismiss the viewers member’s response that public transportation apparently functioned successfully in Japan: “What, the place they cram folks within the subway? That doesn’t sound nice.”

The person value US $20.6bn might nicely have little in frequent with the typical commuter. Even Musk’s formidable enterprise to unravel Los Angeles site visitors with underground tunnels might show to profit no yet one more than himself: a Fast Company analysis of the proposed community discovered that it “conveniently” connects the SpaceX headquarters together with his 5 properties in Bel Air.

On Twitter, Musk’s enthusiasm for Tesla electrical vehicles “individualised transport” was extensively condemned as proof of his being out of contact. Jarrett Walker, a public transit coverage advisor from Portland, tweeted: “[Musk’s] hatred of sharing house with strangers is a luxurious (or pathology) that solely the wealthy can afford. Letting him design cities is the essence of elite projection.”

Musk responded directly to Walker on Twitter: “You’re an fool.” (He subsequently clarified: “Meant to say ‘sanctimonious fool’.”)

Elon Musk (@elonmusk)

You’re an fool

December 15, 2017

The response prompted Brent Toderian, a Vancouver-based metropolis planner and urbanist, to attraction for folks’s tales of “nice issues that occurred on transit” on Twitter – and Twitter got here to transit’s defence.

“I anticipated a response, however the measurement and inspirational energy of the response blew away my expectations,” Toderian informed Guardian Cities.

Individuals from around the globe shared their tales of births and marriages, shock reconnections, strangers’ kindnesses, and appropriately festive cheer that had occurred on public transport.

Tim Wedmaier (@TWedmaier)

Christmas embellished buses in Brisbane actually get you within the festive temper #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit http://pic.twitter.com/ahXEFWiwTP

December 20, 2017

“It wasn’t about convincing Elon Musk, though that will be good – a Christmas transit miracle, because it have been,” mentioned Toderian. “Somewhat, it was about everybody else. Musk has an enormous megaphone, however collectively we have now an even bigger one.”

Eric Rapaport mentioned he had been utilizing public transportation independently in New York Metropolis since he was 10 years previous. “Transit is freedom,” he wrote. “It’s one step in changing into an grownup.”

Julian King, in Auckland, New Zealand, saw the positive story of public transport as a brief and easy one: “I rode an electrical practice to town. It was $three. And faster than driving. And I didn’t need to park it. The tip.”

Jeff Speck (@JeffSpeckAICP)

I met my spouse on a practice platform. https://t.co/8tpO6RJpKh

December 18, 2017

Emily Johnston (@enjohnston)

My dad and mom met on a practice. Two pricey married mates of mine met on a practice.

We should always all take extra trains!

December 18, 2017

Dustin Tyler Joyce (@dt_joyce)

Using the New York Metropolis Subway’s 1 practice to my wedding ceremony.#GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit cc: @elonmusk http://pic.twitter.com/NYc8ivnv2o

December 19, 2017

Patrick McDonough (@citybeautiful21)

My spouse as soon as helped ship a child in a bus shelter whereas ready for the @chtransit J bus! https://t.co/yN9VvBweI9 #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Mary Pustejovsky (@mpusto)

I’ve learn lots of of books on the L practice. #greatthingsthathappenedontransit

December 18, 2017

Eduard van der Zwan (@zwanneman)

My six yr previous and I really like strolling and public transit. So our Sunday exercise could be – stroll to the practice station – take the practice to subsequent station – take the bus again residence A circle simply 10 km however high quality time of at the least 2 hours #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Claudia Pors (@claudiapors_atp)

The place to start out? I’ve found nice music and skim wonderful books. I get trend inspiration from different commuters, and day by day I get to easily sit and breathe with out distraction. It is a welcome break from my busy life. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit @ATPcommutes

December 18, 2017

Benjamin de la Pena (@benjiedlp)

On my common journey (the #77 bus in Seattle), there’s a father with two pleasant younger daughters. The older one likes to show round and provide to learn the most recent ebook to the passenger within the subsequent seat. (Seuss, anybody?) Makes everybody smile. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Kari Nathan (@Skarinathan)

I met a person from Ghana, going to high school in Denmark and on an alternate program with the College of Washington. Additionally met a Somalian refugee. As a substitute of being alone in my automotive and harassed about site visitors. #greatthingsthathappenedontransit

December 18, 2017

Jordan Rockerbie (@Jackerbie)

Recognizing a brand new classmate on the #97express bus to @ubcokanagan resulted in a dialog and one of many deepest and most significant friendships of my grownup life. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Colleen Hagerty (@colleenhagerty)

A full bottle of wine simply rolled out from beneath a subway seat and now these 2 strangers popped it open & are consuming it. That is peak NYC http://pic.twitter.com/lni474aoY9

February 26, 2017

Brian Stokle (@urbanlifesigns)

I’ve heard some incredible music and even witnessed nice puppet reveals on transit. Brings the entire automotive collectively. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Andrew Dupuy (@adup512)

I get to learn the entire newspaper on my option to work and detach from my telephone for awhile. @wmata #bus #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit @elonmusk

December 19, 2017

Carolyn Lusch (@CarolynLusch)

Mariachi band. Brooklyn. First day in New York. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit @elonmusk @humantransit

December 19, 2017

Samantha (@CitizenSamantha)

Transit sketches– observing different people! #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit cc: @elonmusk http://pic.twitter.com/YpP7MebNmr

December 19, 2017

Allyn West (@allynwest)

My stress as a commuter has all however disappeared. I went from the offended solitude of driving to the calm of books and music amongst my fellow Houstonians. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit https://t.co/s9fY38AowD

December 18, 2017

Donna & Blitzen (@donnamatrix)

As a mother who works shiftwork, my commute is principally my solely stress free me time. No trafffic, no interacting with others, nothing I needs to be doing, simply quiet time. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Jordan Rockerbie (@Jackerbie)

December 18, 2017

andrew malick (@andrewmalick)

I misplaced my pockets on the St. Louis Metrolink. Then a number of hours later somebody cleansing the practice mentioned they discovered it. The returned it to me with all my cash. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 19, 2017

Meika Weiss (@MeikaSue)

As a brand new expat in Japan, tradition shock was tough. A girl approached me as I waited dejectedly for the practice, inspired me in my very own language, gave me her card and informed me to name her anytime. Ten years on, I am nonetheless grateful for that kindness. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Samantha (@CitizenSamantha)

Transit sketches– observing different people! #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit cc: @elonmusk http://pic.twitter.com/YpP7MebNmr

December 19, 2017

Elle Peah (@ouroborosage)

After transferring to a brand new metropolis with no social helps, little cash, I made a bus-buddy. She and her household gave me a turkey for our Christmas dinner as a result of they knew how exhausting the transfer had been on us financially. Nice kindness #greatthingsthathappenedontransit

December 18, 2017

David Paton (@davidmpaton)

My mom has develop into good mates with a gaggle of ladies she met taking the bus to work each morning. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit Oh, and @elonmusk I do not consider any of them are serial killers.

December 18, 2017

#VisionZero Canada (@VisionZeroCA)

Requested my 12-year-old for optimistic tales about taking town bus to high school. He mentioned he likes being the one particular person in his complete faculty (Okay-Eight) to do it. I like that he likes to #BeThatGuy.#GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Alan Cooper (@MrAlanCooper)

I as soon as flew from homogenous, monoglot, all-white Munich to Chicago. On the practice into city I heard a number of languages & noticed dozens of colours, ages, kinds, & religions. It made me proud to be an American. An actual life lesson. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Robyn Jankel (@RobynJankel)

I really like everybody’s #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit tales. I’ve too many to rely! Conversations on the Trans-Siberian; seeing child elephants from a bus in Yunnan, China; being proven a secret firefly grotto by the bus driver in NZ as a result of I had real curiosity in his tales.

December 19, 2017

ERI (@eri_ATTG)

I started talking with a very previous woman subsequent to me, and we realized that she met my not too long ago useless grandma once they have been younger. She spoke me about my grandma and her lively contribution to the ladies of her neighborhood all the way in which… @elonmusk #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 19, 2017

Ken Ohrn (@KenOhrn)

Canada Line journey immediately. I settle in, standing. A teenager is me. What?!? She gestures at her seat, eyebrows raised. I smile, shake my head and bow deeply. She laughs, and goes again to her ebook. Simply one other transit connection. #GreatThingsthatHappenedonTransit

December 20, 2017

Shelley McConnell (@shmcconnell)

My grownup #refugee #ESLlearners typically view their transit rides as a time to observe their English small speak, hook up with others of their new neighborhood, and familiarize themselves with town. #lifelinetocommunity #placemaking #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 19, 2017

Justin (@jburk3r)

I used to be on @SEPTA Regional Rail in Philly as soon as and heard a 9/11 first responder inform his story. It was an important expertise. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

K2 Kru go Kristmassy (@Ksquared56)

A Dutch WWII vet on my bus informed me what life was actually like within the Japanese POW camp depicted within the film ‘Merry Christmas Mr Lawrence’ #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Lyle Solla-Yates (@LyleSollaYates)

I rode @wmata into the Girls’s March. The gang was too thick so we have been caught within the station for some time, so a transit worker sang for us. It was a incredible begin. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

catfish you a merry Christmas (@catfish8888)

By taking transit on a regular basis and (virtually) in every single place, I’ve by no means had the expense of automotive possession. As a substitute I used to be capable of afford a home #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 19, 2017

Bitting (@Bitting)

I thank everybody utilizing public transport enhancing air high quality and security for cyclists like me #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 19, 2017

Chris Storm (@cstorm15)

Not solely did I meet my spouse on a practice, however the further strolling led me to a more healthy way of life and to lose over 50 kilos. I additionally ended up with the good job on the planet due to ditching my automotive and nerding out over transit. #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Colby Henley (@ColbyHenley)

As soon as noticed a blind man greet a deaf man on the bus, clearly knew one another, they spent entire journey having animated dialog utilizing signal language of their palms. Watching this instance of friendship was so heartwarming. @elonmusk @humantransit #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 18, 2017

Anthony Oliveira (@meakoopa)

on the streetcar immediately, two previous males who hadn’t seen one another in apparently many years delightedly acknowledged one another

one in every of them then mentioned “oh, George, it has been so lengthy. And what a wonderful life I’ve had!”

December 20, 2017

Demian Godon (@dgodon)

What a good way to show @elonmusk‘s idiotic assertion into a beautiful uplifting tribute to the #GreatThingsThatHappenedOnTransit

December 19, 2017

Observe Guardian Cities on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to affix the dialogue, and explore our archive here

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