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edriclui-blog · 4 years

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Krista by Pablo Baen Santos

Lui, Edric Brian C. July 16,2020

Art Ap 10K Krista by Pablo Baen Santos

Pablo Baen Santos, a Filipino painter, was born on 1943 and raised in the country as well. He studied in the University of the Philippines, College of Fine Arts and was an illustrator, layout artist, and photographer for the Manila Times, one of the leading newspaper in the Philippines. He covered mass actions and protest in the 1970s. Furthermore, he is a vital figure in the social realist movement as he was one of the founding members of the Kaisahan Group which is a social realist art group formed in the year 1976. For his works in art relating to social realism, he was nominated for The Joseph Balestier Award for the Freedom of Art on 2015 which is a prestigious award given to artists from South East Asia to honor their work committing to ideas of freedom of art, expression, and liberty(US Embassy Manila,2015).

Being able to witness the struggle of ethnic minorities, laborers, and citizens alike, he realized the social obligation of artists like him to express the state of society through the use of art, particularly painting, as a form of expression especially in the 1970s and 1980s wherein struggle among citizens is evident as a result of the Marcos regime. The dark years of the dictatorship then became a rich mine for artists to illustrate social realism and powerful protests, and Santos was no exception. His works give emphasis on the hardships of rural and urban workers alike as well as his concerns regarding the social conditions running in the country. As one of the pioneer social realist artists in the country, Santos aims to advocate change and address a wide range of issues that plague the urban workers back then through his artistry. Thereby, his works during the 1970s and 1980s often feature the struggle of the impoverished working class. The artist’s socio-political orientation through the use of symbolism and common folks as subjects.Furthermore, he questions the social order in the country by pointing out the tensions present in the Philippine society between capitalist and workers as well as farmers and land-owners. All of what he stands for are commonly seen in his paintings in which the Philippine flag and mother country are both incorporated in the context of Philippine society , and one of his most famous paintings, Krista, greatly represents which issues faced the country during those periods(Google Arts and Culture, n.d.).

Pablo Baen Santos’s Krista was created in 1984 using an oil-on-canvas painting ,and is a gift of the artist to the Ateneo Art Gallery. It has a 90cm x 121cm dimension. The painting shows a woman whose mouth is wrapped with barbwire while her fists are clenched. Behind the women is the Philippine flag and above her are two people. As to her sides, protesters and dead people can be seen. The various elements used in this painting are color, lines, shape, form, and texture. The colors used in the painting were simple. It was filled with colors that are mainly brown with shades of primary colors such as red, blue, and yellow for the flag and the protesters. Shades of white were also utilized in the painting. The color choice was properly utilized as it depicts a clear and proper image of the painting. It was not too bright but not too dull as well even with shades of black on it. As for the lines, most of them were curvy with some having edges and others of irregular shapes mostly seen among the humans and the flag. The combination of the irregular lines along with the blending of the color black in the painting depicts a sense of agony, feeling, and movement. However, the painting as a whole appears firm and very tense ,and the texture conveys agony and pain. It does a good job of conveying how the humans seen in the painting are all in pain and not in an easy state from the lines seen on their faces, to the details on their eyes, to the coloring on their faces, the angle they can be seen, and the relative stiffness of their body - all contributing to the overall depiction of hardship, abuse, and the lack of rights(Martial Law Museum,2017).

The title of the work drew inspiration from Christ who is often referred to as “Kristo” in the Philippines. Furthermore, the barbwires in the mouth may be attributed to the “crown of thornes ” on Christ’s forehead. Finally, the title “Krista” may serve as added reference for the subject to be labeled “Female Christ”. Looking into Santos background and what he stands for, one possible reason why he chose a female subject is because he wants to represent the minorities and those who are weak and abused - both of which oppressive societies view women to be even though I personally think that women are very strong and brilliant. Moreover, Christ was said to be tortured on the Bible for crimes He was innocent for. The attribution of the subject to Christ greatly depicts how protesters in this mother country may be tortured even if they might be innocent(Martial Law Museum,2017).

The painting touches up on the concepts of nationalism, socio-political issues, and religion- all of which are core in the society of the country. As for the latter, it was already discussed in the paragraph above with the title as well as the barbwire that represents the crown of thornes to draw representation of the core of the Catholic tradition being Christ.In terms of depicting nationalism and the socio-political issues present in the country, Santos used symbolisms such as the mother country, the Philippine flag, the barbwire wrapped around the mouth, and the clenched fist. Along with the Philippine flag, the subject represents a state of unrest in which she is abused, tortured, and sick of the harsh realities of the world they live in. She best represents the situation of the Philippines. Also, the flag further strengthens the notion of these issues being present in the Philippines ,and the Filipinos below show rebellion and oppression. Next, the barbwire wrapped around the mouth represents how the country’s freedom of speech was not practiced and that their liberties were halted. Practicing it might further result in punishment and agony. This limits the citizens right to speech as if they can’t “open their mouth” and trying to do so might get them in further pain as what would happen when one opens her mouth while it is wrapped in barbwire. Finally, the clenched fist represents defiance and struggle as what has been an instinctive symbol for those during mass protest and rallies.The subject further holding back her fists and not being able to raise it also show how she wants to defy oppression , but how hard it would be to do so either through her being tired and oppressed or because doing so would incur more punishment. Minor details that I noticed which might also stand for something are the positions of the humans beside the female subject as well as the humans above her. The humans who are closer to the subject, those that are more visible seem to be dead or even more oppressed. As for those at the back, they are also in defiance with clenched fists. This may show that those who are at the forefront of protesting may be persecuted and those who then step-up to be at the forefront of the battle against oppression may be next. Also, I noticed a woman holding her baby. This may illustrate how the people are worried for the future of their progeny shall they might encounter similar oppression or how their child may fare shall she be persecuted. Finally, the human at the top seems to be holding a hammer which may illustrate blue-collar workers as Santos’s background suggest due to his realization on the relationships between capitalist and workers(Martial Law Museum,2017).

Looking at the artwork as a whole, I was struck in the heart on how accurate and real its message is. I was naive and did not know much about the hardships that our mother country fared against , and reflecting upon paintings like this further made me appreciate the heroes who faced the hardships of going up against dictators - protesting so that the future generation like me would not undergo the same things they went through. Sadly, corruption is still evident in the country, poverty is rampant, and journalist still fear for their lives. This painting made me realize that one important aspect of art that distinguish it as a “treasure” and “impactful” is that it reflects on the situation present during the time of when the art was made as well as how they can impact human insight and emotion. I only cared about the aesthetic of the art, the vivid colors, and how its value appreciates. However, this painting and similar ones that depict society distinguish it from other forms of artwork that I liked as it moved not just my eyes, but rather my mind, heart, and soul ; and the colors, texture, vibe, and detail all contribute to this painting being very informative in which any minor change would not make it as effective and touching as it is.

References:

Ateneo Art Gallery.(n.d.) Krista. Retrieved from:

https://ateneoartgallery.com/collections

/krista-female-christ

Google Arts and Culture.(n.d.) Manifesto. Retrieved from:https://artsandculture.

google.com/asset/manifesto/TAF-7AVkhSYCTA

Martial Law Museum.(2017,June 7). Grade 11: Understanding Society: Visual

Literacy and Social Realism. Retrieved from: https://martiallaw

museum.ph/magturo/gr-11-understanding-society

/#About-the-Artist--the-Artwork

US Embassy Manila.(2015, March 13). Filipino Nominated in Singapore Arts

Award.Retrieved from:https://ph.usembassy.gov

/filipino-nominated-in-singapore-arts-award/

Artwork’s details

Title: Krista

Artist:Pablo Baen Santos

Medium: Oil on canvas

Year:1984

Provenance:Gift of Artist

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milkchu · 5 years

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❝anyway the wind blows❞ one.

Summary: (Y/N) Mercury’s journey of love, fame, and pain, alongside what would become one of the most legendary bands ever, Queen.

Pairing: Borhap!Queen x Reader, eventual Brian May x Reader

A/N: alright! here we go. before anything else, a big thank you to everyone who liked the preview, i’m really excited for this one!!! yes, this will be mostly based on the movie. next, (Y/O/N) = original name, (Y/O/L/N) = original last name, and also you have a cousin named poppy. alright that is all for now! enjoy the ride. happy reading!

Warnings: Swearing, Mentions of drinking and smoking

{next chapter}

Bright lights.

Everyone is screaming.

The ground is shaking.

Heart is pounding.

“You’re a legend, (Y/N).”

London, 1970

Cursing under your breath, you rubbed at the top of your head, wincing and glaring the dropped box of biscuits near your feet. Sighing, you bent down and picked it up and placed it back on the shelf.

Looking at the clock at the far end of the store, above the cashier’s desk, it was a little past the end of your shift and as much as you wanted to leave and go have a drink at your favorite pub, you had to finish stocking up the shelves first, not wanting to get an earful from your boss.

Even though you were studying design at uni, you still opted to get a job at the local grocery store, ‘Fletcher’s’, where your only human interaction was with elderly women and on some nights, teenagers who are looking to get shit-faced.

Knowing that your family was already struggling, you felt guilty and you wanted to help pay for the tuition yourself. Plus, some extra purchases, of course.

A full thirty minutes later, you finally stepped the store, and ripped your work vest off and threw it somewhere in the tiny locker room for employees.

Not even bothering to say goodbye to your fellow co-workers, you just walked towards the nearby bus stop and sat down.

While waiting, you decided to pull out your small notebook and pencil, and began writing song ideas.

You brought this notebook with you everywhere. Whenever you thought of something nice or clever, you just pulled it out and wrote everything.

This had become a habit of yours, after your mother had left for some ‘business trip’ around the country.

You were only eight years old by then, and she told you to write anything you wanted to tell her on pieces of paper, and put it inside an old shoebox she gave.

She always had music playing around the house, the lyrics becoming stuck inside your head, so, you wrote literally everything from little letters for her to the same song lyrics over and over again.

Hearing the bus finally pull over, you put away your notebook and stepped inside to finally head home.

When you got home, you immediately ran up the stairs to your bedroom and changed out of your filthy clothing into a new outfit, it was an old sweater you’ve had for ages, but, it’ll work.

Walking down the stairs, and past the small living room, where your cousin, Poppy, was watching something on the telly, you heard your aunt call, “Dinner is ready!”

“Oh, I’m not hungry, auntie,” You said, as you walked towards the coat rack.

“Where are you going?” She questioned, fixing the plates on the dining table. After grabbing your coat, you looked at her, “Out with friends,” You said, with a small smile.

“A boy?” She smirked, looking at you with a knowing smile. You let out a small laugh in response, “Oh, auntie.”

As she faced you, she fixed the collar of your coat, “Look at you,” She smiled, “Give your auntie a kiss.”

You rolled your eyes playfully, but pecked your aunt’s cheek anyway, “I’m going to be late!”

“You’re always late,” Your aunt chuckled before you heard the front door open and close, signaling your uncle’s arrival from work.

“Hi dad, how was work?” Poppy said, before standing up to take his things. Ignoring his daughter’s question, he looked at you with his stern eyes.

“Out again, (Y/O/N)?” He asked calmly, but still making you a little bit uneasy.

You gulped, and looked at him with a straight face, “It’s (Y/N) now, uncle,” Readying yourself for another lecture.

“(Y/N) or (Y/O/N). . .What difference does it make when you’re out every night, no thought of the future in your head?” He began, his tone getting louder.

The air immediately became tense, making both your cousin and aunt very uncomfortable. It was not unusual, though.

You looked at the ground, keeping up the straight posture as he continued, “Good thoughts, good words, good deeds, that’s what you should aspire to.”

You walked towards him, “Yes, and how’s that worked out for you?” You squint your eyes at him, before finally walking out of the house.

Feeling a wave of relief wash over you, you sighed, and took a bus going to your favorite pub.

You started going to this pub a lot because of the band that was playing there, Smile. They were pretty good, and had very nice music.

You thought of approaching them several times, but you never really got to do it mainly because you were too shy or you found them a little bit intimidating.

But, you decided that was going to change tonight.

Walking down the stairs leading to the pub, you smiled as you heard the familiar music filling your ears.

Where will I be this time tomorrow?

Jump in joy, or sinking in sorrow?

Anyway, I should be doing all right. . .

Reaching the end of the steps, your eyes turned to the three men playing on stage, the huge ‘Don’t Forget to Smile’ poster hanging behind them.

Doing all right. . .

You walked towards the bar, the bartender asking for your order. “Pint of lager,” You responded.

After coming back with your glass, you thanked her, “Cheers.”

As you took a sip, you turned around to face the band again, your eyes looking through each member, but lingering longer on the guitarist for some reason.

Should be waiting for the sun,

And anyway I've got hide away. . .

You started bobbing your head to the music, and sat down. You ended up staying a little bit longer in the pub, even after the band had finished, so you could write some more in your notebook, to finally finish a song that’s been on your mind for weeks.

After some finishing touches, you let out an exhausted sigh, and started walking towards the exit.

The band must be outside the pub by now, you thought, heart pounding faster in nervousness.

Near the exit, you noticed two men talking to each other on the side, one of them was a brunette while the other had blond hair.

As you passed by them, you couldn’t help but notice how cute the brunette was, he was wearing a shirt with ‘The Beatles’ on it under a dark denim jacket that fit him perfectly.

You didn’t even notice you were already staring until, “You all right?” The brunette asked, looking at you with a little smile.

Warmth immediately rushed to your cheeks in embarrassment, “Sorry, um, I was just looking for the band,” You stammered.

“They’re usually out back,” He gestured towards the exit.

“Thanks,” You nodded, turning around to the exit, but paused, and looked at the man again, “I like your shirt.”

“Thanks, it’s from Radio Box,” He smiled, before his blond friend added, “He works there,” He smirked, before the brunette looked at him with an annoyed look, “Thank you.”

You chuckled, before finally walking away, exiting the pub.

Walking into the cold air, you began looking for the band. Spotting a van that had it’s back open, some smoke coming out of it, you walked towards it, hoping it was them.

Recognizing the guitarist and the drummer from the band, whom you knew as Brian May and Roger Taylor, you stopped in front of them, “Enjoyed the show,” You smiled at the two men.

“Thank you,” Brian said politely, while the blond drummer said, “Thanks, love.”

You looked at the ground before continuing, “I’ve been following you for a while, actually,” You beamed.

“Oh, really?” Roger smirked, before bringing the beer bottle to his lips. Letting out a small chuckle, you began, “Smile.”

“Makes sense for a dental student,” You looked at the drummer, who now looked at you with a confused look.

“And you’re astrophysics, aren’t you?” You gestured towards Brian, who was just as confused, but still nodded, “Yeah.”

You smiled at him, “Makes you the clever one, then.”

Brian looks towards Roger, smiling, “Yeah, I suppose it does, yeah,” While Roger just shook his head at his friend.

“I study design here,” You said, before reaching into your coat pocket.

They both nodded, “Oh yeah?” Roger said, before taking a sip of his beer.

“Yeah. Also, um, I write songs,” You pulled your notebook out, letting out a shy smile. “Might be of interest to you.”

Noticing the change of atmosphere between the two men, “It’s just a bit of fun, really,” You chuckled awkwardly, before putting the notebook back into your pocket.

“Well, you’re five minutes too late,” Roger sighed, before Brian added, “Our lead singer just quit.”

You look at them in awe, before a smile starts making its way towards your lips, “Well. then you’ll need someone new.”

Brian shrugged, “Any ideas?”

You licked your lips as your eyes wandered to the ground then back to them, “What about me?” You pointed at yourself.

Roger then looks at Brian with a mocking smile, “Um, not looking like that, love,” He chuckles, gesturing towards your old, ragged sweater.

Your smile fell, before you nodded dejectedly, and slowly started walking away.

Brian just looks at his friend in disbelief, immediately smacking him on the arm for being so rude, especially to a lady.

Before Brian could even call you back, you turned around, and suddenly started belting out, “I know what I’m doin’,” Brian and Roger stared at you in amazement.

“I got a feeling I should be doing all right,” You continued. Brian and Roger still shook by your performance, decided to join in with you, “Doing all right.”

Brian and Roger chuckled, before you said, “My mum was a singer herself, used to tour and everything. I guess her skills were passed down to me.”

“I’ll consider your offer.” You smirked, before walking away from the two, slack-jawed men.

Brian and Roger look at each other, still shook by your performance, they both nodded in agreement.

“Uh, do you play bass?” Brian calls out to you.

You turned around,

“Nope.”

tagging; @icantgetnorelief // @b-hardys // @spideyyypeter

atwb taglist; @yoonlatte // @geek-and-proud // @everything-you-dont-wanna-be // @itsametaphorbriansblog // @marequeenii // @ladylannisterxo

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like-the-wings-of-butterflies · 5 years

Text

Watercolours (Queen x Artist!Reader)

Summary: Following a difficult few weeks you beg the boys to take you with them to Ridge Farm where they then discover a small secret of yours.

Warnings: None

Word Count: 1,574 (No wonder it took me forever to write)

A/N: It’s 1:15am and this. was. exhausting. I’m posting a bit later then what I originally planned but as promised, it’s here. This one took a bit of a turn to what I started with but in the end, I think I’m fairly happy with it. Let me know what you think! ♡ (Not my gif)

When you heard Freddie, John, Brian and Roger were taking a road trip to the countryside to record their next album, you practically begged them to let you join. Not only so you could witness the boys create something extraordinary; a new era of Queen, but it also provided the opportunity to escape the recent painfully restless nights in London, where your small apartment felt the slightest bit too cramped for comfort. Your seemingly endless work and responsibilities leaving you tired and burnt out. With the suffocating feeling in your chest becoming far too strong, you knew you needed to step away from the busy world, even for a short while.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

“Please Freddie, I’m begging you.”

“Hmmmm...I’m not sure. John? What do you think, should we bring our little tyrant or leave her behind?” Freddie teases.

“I vote leave her behind.” He puffs

“Hey! Just because I’m good at stopping your fights does not make me a tyrant. If it weren’t for me you would’ve all killed each other by now.”

“Us? Fighting? Never.” Roger drawls, his tone equally as teasing as the other two.

Brian sat in the background watching the situation unfold, lightly giggling at your exasperation. It was without question you were going. Even if you didn’t want to, they’d still find a way to convince you. It wasn’t as if they were oblivious to your moods over the past few weeks, it pained them to see you so stressed and exhausted and they knew that disconnecting was exactly what you needed. Plus it meant you all had some time to spend with one another, an occurrence that’d be becoming slightly more rare with their busy schedules. Simply, you needed them and they needed you.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

When the day finally came, you couldn’t contain your excitement for the whole journey. It was almost as if the second you stepped out of the car you felt instantly relieved of the pressures that had been troubling you for so long. After taking in a breath of fresh air studying your surroundings you then turned to the others, “Isn’t it beautiful?” After taking a drag of his cigarette Roger spoke up “I thought this was supposed to be a recording studio.” Clearly the boys weren’t as sold on the new setting as you were. Paul had shown you all to your rooms and told you to make yourself comfortable as recording would start in a few day’s time after everyone had settled in. The five days that followed were slow but still comforting. The new setting caused a shift in everyone’s attitude, provided an opportunity to take a load off and relish in the simple atmosphere.

Mainly you just settled into the new environment, making yourself familiar with the in’s and out’s of the place. Apart of course from the evening you and Brian decided to go for a walk together, getting caught in the rain and running back to the house, only to find that Roger had locked you out despite denying your claims. (Even though it was easily distinguishable from his howling laughter on the other side of the door). But soon enough, everything was set up and the boys were ready to start.

On the first day, Freddie insisted you stay next door and spend the morning taking a moment to yourself: “You’ve been stuck with us the past five days, at least take a hour or so to yourself.” He said. You realised he was right, the entire point of you going on the trip was so you could think through some things and figure out what to do next. As much as you enjoyed your time with the four, spending every waking moment with them somewhat defeated the purpose.

“Alright,” You smiled, “But you’ll be next door if I need you, yes?”

“Always Darling.”

Somehow they knew exactly what you needed, exactly when you needed. One thing the boys didn’t know about you however, was that you held a certain passion for art. Though you didn’t think of yourself much more then a hobbyist, your work said otherwise. Originally, you started out painting landscapes but as your friendship with Queen developed, you saw more enjoyment in painting them. They brought a new essence into your life, which then reflected in your work.

After settling down at the dining table with your supplies spread all over it, the small tin of watercolours making a quiet ‘clang’ as you placed them down, you flicked through the leather-bound folio. Knowing you had a couple hours on your own you made the bold choice to work on a few unfinished sketches from the last show you visited, it wasn’t as if anyone would see, you’d just have to pack up before noon when they came back for lunch. You didn’t exactly enjoy keeping your hobby a secret but you struggled to overcome the anxieties of not being good enough and kept your work solely for your eyes only. With your work station set, you began. You hand moved effortlessly across the paper, and the whirlwind of colours bled into one another. Each pencil and brush stroke placed with a calculated precision. A certain love and care that could only be highlighted through art.

Just as everything was going well, a heavy gust of wind blew though the open window, sending pages flying, scattering pencils and spilling the small dish of water you had out to clean your brushes. Cursing to yourself for not closing the window earlier, you hurriedly soaked up the water with a nearby cloth, hoping it hadn’t ruined any of your paintings and in the process; knocked your tea off of the table, thus resulting in the cup shattering on the hardwood floor.

“(Y/N)? Are you alright Love?” John’s voice called out, the barn door creaking as it opened and closed behind him.

“We heard something fall, just wanted to make sure you hadn’t hurt yourself.” Brian added.

“No no, I’m fine. I just spilled my tea is all. You can go back to recording, I can manage.”

As they turned the corner you held your breath hoping your body would block their view from the small disaster behind you.

“Well you look suspicious.” Brian said matter-of-factly.

“Everything’s fine, I’ll clean it up. No need to worry.” As you were speaking to Brian, in the corner of your eye you say John’s head tilt slightly to the side, your open sketchbook and art supplies now in his full view. A small smiles played on his lips, “Is that Fred?” He said, nodding toward a stray piece of paper.

“What? No, I mean yes,” In that moment you knew there wasn’t any redemption. Would they think it’s strange? Surely they would, otherwise you wouldn’t have hidden it for so long. The press taking photos is one thing but their friend using them as a muse without their knowledge is whole other ordeal in its own.

And at that moment, just like clockwork, Roger and Freddie walked in. “What’s going on?” The black haired male asked.

“(Y/N)’s an artist apparently, a bloody good one at that.” John said as he picks up some of the sketches you’d been painting over.

“No, that’s certainly not what’s happening, I umm-,” Although you knew it was already far too late, you scrambled for the loose pages that escaped your sketchbook, silently praying that they wouldn’t see any more then what they already had. Despite your efforts, each of the boys had already picked up various pieces and were studying each one in immense detail. The swirls of colour and carefully places lines depicted Freddie flaunting on stage, John and Brian deep in concentration during their respective solos, Roger twirling drumsticks in his hands and finally, the group taking their final bows at the end of the show. Each piece held a certain vibrancy that they hadn’t seen before.

“I never knew you saw us like this,” Roger breathes out in disbelief, holding the pages up to the light and studying them further.

You hesitated for a moment, but then spoke, “What do you mean? Of course I do, you’re my family.” You still felt shy but you spoke honestly nonetheless. “I can’t quite describe it but when you’re performing you’re just, in your element doing what you love. You’re all just so raw and so, you. I like trying to capture that.”

“What? When do you even-?” Freddie pressed.

Scratching the back of you head you went on, “I usually sketch while you’re performing and then I’ll paint that night after you’ve all gone back to your hotel rooms. It distracts me from my own thoughts I guess.” An uneasy silence filled the air. “These ones were from your tour in Sweden, I’ve been meaning to finish them for a while but never really got around to it. I know they’re not the best and doing this without you knowing is strange but-”

“Oh shut up.” Roger said, pulling you into a hug.

“They’re amazing,” John paused “We don’t want you thinking otherwise.”

“Especially with the way you go on when we’re feeling insecure about our playing.” Brian added.

“I only go on about it because you blatantly ignore you’re talented.” You interject, lightly pouting.

“And look who’s blatantly ignoring their own talent now,” Freddie smirks. “I’d even go as far to say you made me look too handsome.”

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manifestlife13-blog · 4 years

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cowboyking80-blog · 4 years

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How Nobility Created the Fly Fisherman

If you are unfamiliar with the sport of Fly Fishing, when you hear the term you may think of a number of things. You may think of an expert entomologist, someone who studies insects, who knows everything there is to know about a bug that lives in or near water. You may also think of a rich old man, retired from a lifelong career, who has more time and money than he knows what to do with and spends his days standing waist deep in a river trying to outsmart and catch the biggest oldest fish everyone in town tells stories about. Everyone has a different idea about what a fly fisherman is depending on their knowledge of the sport or just what they’ve heard in general about it. But why is it that of the many ideas of what fly fishing is, the most common idea is that it is a sport for the wealthy? Also if you have ever looked into the sport have you wondered why it is that the equipment is so expensive?

Fly fishing is an amazing sport. It is very popular all around the world and growing in popularity quickly in our modern day. But to understand the questions of why only a certain group of people practice the sport and why it costs so much you should look into the history of fly fishing, you’ll be surprised at how long it has been around and how much it has changed over the history of the world.

Fly Fishing can be dated back as early as the 2nd century were many people credit a Roman by the name of Claudius Aelianus for recording the method of which macedonian anglers used to catch fish, “...they have planned a snare for the fish, and get the better of them by their fisherman's craft. . . . They fasten red wool. . . round a hook, and fit on to the wool two feathers which grow under a cock's wattles, and which in color are like wax. Their rod is six feet long, and their line is the same length. Then they throw their snare, and the fish, attracted and maddened by the color, comes straight at it, thinking from the pretty sight to gain a dainty mouthful; when, however, it opens its jaws, it is caught by the hook, and enjoys a bitter repast, a captive.”

Though Fly Fishing, as we’ve now learned, has been a known method of catching fish for thousands of years the first reference to it becoming a sport comes from England in the latter part of the 15th century. An article written by Dame Juliana Berner entitled, “The Treatyse of Fysshynge With an Angle”, published in the Book of St. Albans in 1496 is the earliest known record of sport fishing in general. It mentions Fly Fishing and gives a guide on how to tie a number of flies to use when fishing for Trout and Grayling. During this time period Fly Fishing was only practiced by the wealthy and that can still be visible in the modern day world of fly fishing. The English tradition of wealthy and noble families and what they viewed as sport when it came to hunting and fishing is largely to blame for the way the sport is viewed now. Also to blame is the fact that only the wealthy were taught to read and write in these times, and that the books and libraries of the time were really only accessible by the wealthy and noble classes. So if someone wanted to fly fish they would need to know someone with a library and know how to read just to learn about the sport. In these times the wealthy and noble classes also only shared things with each other, so the poorer classes of the time probably didn’t even know what fly fishing was. Which caused the practice of Fly Fishing to be passed down only to those members of the noble and wealthy families. That is why the world thinks of fly fishing as a sport only for the wealthy classes of the world.

So seeing the history of fly fishing can give us an understanding of why the sport is the way it is today. Though it can be as complicated as you want it really is very simple. Brian Flechsig of Mad River Outdoors claims that casting a fly with a fly rod is much easier than casting a lure on a spinning rod. “Instead of having to time the release of the button perfectly on a spinning rod all you have to do is let go of the line and the rod does the rest for you. If you haven’t already experienced teaching a child how to cast a fishing pole you would not know how difficult it can be. Put a fly fishing rod in a child’s hand and they will be casting and catching fish in no time.

As the sport has become commercialized over time in the way that people are inventing new things and ways to make the sport more enjoyable or easier to practice you can see that it is still mainly focused on the wealthy classes of the world. One of the biggest indicators of this is the price of an average fly rod. With basic bait fishing you can find a fishing pole that costs anywhere from $25 to $100 dollars, for basic fly fishing you will find a fly rod that cost at least $150 dollars to begin with and goes up from there. There are even fly rods that cost up to $5000 dollars. That is just the fly rod, once you get that you will need other pieces of equipment like waders and a float tube to get closer to the fish you want to catch. Just seeing these prices can discourage someone from even looking into the sport. Many companies all around the world who sell their fly fishing product price their equipment so high because they know that their main consumers are those of the wealthy classes. They justify their prices by saying that thousands of dollars and hours of research have been put into the product they are selling. This may be true but it doesn’t take long to make that money back and then turn a profit no matter how high something may be priced. Another way they justify their prices are the materials they use to make their product, high cost of materials needs a high consumer price to continue making the product.

But hasn’t fly fishing become more popular across all economic classes throughout the world more recently? If so then how is this possible? How can someone in the poor class, who can’t afford much outside of food and housing, afford something so expensive and sophisticated as fly fishing? This is answered by many fly fishing companies around the world who have recently decided to broaden their consumer target. Many companies like Orvis, a fly fishing company based out of Canada, have started to sell fly fishing equipment for a much cheaper price than they had in years prior. Companies like Orvis have found that they can make more money if they price their equipment in all ranges from low to high to include affordability for all economic classes. But that doesn’t mean that they use the same materials for everything they make. Let’s look at fly rods again for another example, You can find a Martin (another fly fishing company) fly rod for about $30 dollars, made from a cheaper material that does the written functionality of the job. This fly rod takes the basics of fly fishing itself like casting the fly and reeling it back in and puts it into form the cheapest way possible. That means that you can get out onto the river without spending a fortune but you should be careful with that rod as you could encounter a fish or something else that the rod is not built to handle.

Fly fishing companies make these cheaper fly rods and other equipment and have lower prices in an effort to attract more people to the sport. They call this type of equipment beginner equipment. It’s purpose is to help those who are just getting into the sport get a feel for it and learn how to do it before they spend so much on a much better quality item. This is smart because no one wants to spend hundreds of dollars to try something out for the first time, and if they find that it is enjoyable for them the companies hook them into later buying their much more expensive equipment. Which in turn earns the company more money. But with these beginner or training type fly rods many fly fishing companies do not advertise them as such, instead they sell these fly rods as “fly rods” in hopes that people won’t look too deeply into what they are buying. That then encourages the “walmart mentality” which is defined by the Urban Dictionary as, “When someone habitually buys the cheapest whatever available, only to have to replace it every three months”. Fly fishing companies are beginning to thrive off of the “walmart mentality” because people think that they can save money if they buy a cheap fly rod and then replace it whenever it breaks. These same people do not realize that they will end up spending more money replacing a fly rod each time it breaks than they would if they had bought an expensive fly rod only once. So just like many other companies around the world fly fishing companies feed off their consumers ignorance.

One thing that you will find only if you look into buying a, quality but more expensive, fly rod from any fly fishing company is that fly fishing companies take care of the consumers who buy their more expensive items because they want the consumer to either buy more or tell those around them to buy from that company, and they do that by offering warranties with their products. The more expensive, better quality, rods come with a warranty in case something happens to the rod to make it unusable. These warranties vary with each rod and company that sells them but they are generally worth paying the extra money for. For example, if you buy a fly rod that costs $350 dollars and it comes with a lifetime warranty you will end up saving money if the rod breaks because you can get it replaced for free. The warranty is given because the company is confident that their product will not break during your time using it. So even if it doesn’t break you are out $350 dollars for a lifetime of fly fishing with not issues due to the fly rod and you will never spend a dime on that same fly rod ever again. If you buy a cheap fly rod it is not if it breaks, rather it is when it breaks, you will not have that same kind of warranty and you will have to go back to the store and pay the same price for a replacement. Do that seven times with a fly rod that costs $50 dollars and you will end up spending $350 anyways. Even though seven sounds like a lot it is very possible with the way those fly rods are built. If we can break people out of the “walmart mentality” by showing them how much money they would save buy sacrificing a little bit of time, not buying what they want right now, and saving up for the better quality item they would buy if they had the money for, it could even change the way that they take care of that item. Many people with the “walmart mentality” know that what they buy isn’t the best quality but they buy it anyways because they don’t want to have to save up for that same kind of item which is made with better quality and made to last longer.

You can thank the tradition of the noble English people back in the early centuries of the world for the way that fly fishing is viewed now. But maybe that is a good thing. The noble respect certain titles and positions and only shared their hobbies and lifestyles with those they respected around them. Fly fishing companies have carried this same kind of respectful mentality into our day with their consumers. So take advantage of that respect and let them serve you once you buy their better quality products rather than you serving them by continuing to pay them every time something breaks.

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randomnameless · 5 years

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FE4 run - the unofficial 3rd Gen

Procrastination at its finest here - what would happen in this run of FE4 after several years?

warning, as always, this is not serious

Queen Larcei and King Seliph of Granvalle are actually pissed at the reconstruction and their own Kingdom - why should they start trading with Agustria first and help them more than help Isaach?

The “nobles” can’t tell them that they’re “barbarians” since Larcei is obviously Isaachian so they use the “it’s too far to send help there, we must secure the Yied Desert first if we want to cross and provide them with goods etc...” card.

But then Larcei tells them that Verdane is closer, and yet Granvalle isn’t helping her brother with his rebel-taming duties. Hell, if she could, she would go there to help him get rid of the bandits. But she can’t because she is Granvalle’s Queen.

Seliph understands that providing help to Verdane will bring less benefits to Granvalle than helping Agustria - who still has a functioning economy, and, besides, as the son of Sigurd, he feels indebted to the people of Agustria (he might have read a letter his cousin’s wife gave him).

So while he is a bit furious but powerless about helping in Isaach’s reconstruction, he continues with the general trend of his forefathers and doesn’t give a fig about Verdane.

Things are difficult in mainland Granvalle for Tine, because everyone and their cats hate Freege, and demand outrageous fees for Reparations about what the Freeges did during the War - when i say everyone and their cats it’s mainly the New Kingdom of Thracia and the Miletos guilds.

Tine and Nanna will never be friendly towards each other until their deaths.

She doesn’t care about Miletos though. Hopefully Seliph puts in place a new policy about “sharing the costs” so every Duchy has to participate. Ultimately, Seliph suspends the payment when he and his cousin have a heart-to-heart talk around the famous bottle of wine because Leif knows now that bleeding dry a country or a duchy isn’t the way to build a lasting peace between nations.

Tine also has problems in her personal life, because he husband is in Jungby and if they manage to get an Ulir Crusader, soon enough they will need a Tordo one but hey, there’s no one left with Tordo blood and there’s a duty not to let bloodlines extinguish (that’s the last thing Seliph heard from F!Lewyn).

Speaking of Jungby, as expected, Faval is the golden puppet Duke whereas Lester - who managed to convince his mom to come home - rules the house. They try to repair some of Faval’s early decisions like opening the castle to accomodate all orphans in the Duchy and giving a quarter of their treasury to the Conote orphanage he used to live in. Faval loves his wife, of course, but she has a duty to recreate a new Tordo line, just like he had to take his Holy Weapon and fight in the last Holy War. So he isn’t sad.

A bit pissed, but not sad.

Johalva was acclaimed as both as a hero and as a kinslayer by the randoms of Dozel. Lana was really pissed about this, but Johalva didn’t deny the various accusations but still add that he had to do those things to protect the civilians, the innocents etc and Julius was really mad, didn’t you see the big monster disappearing in the sky during the end of the war?

He finally managed to be acclaimed as a good Duke after head-butting with some of his fellow Dukes who called him a “disgrace” and managed to make Seliph reconsider his idea of taxing Dozel more than the other Duchies (Chalphy, Jungby and Edda) in the war reparations efforts.

He and Lana also made graves for Johan and Brian, but none were made for Danan.

Lana’s a bit worried about Neir blood disappearing, but given one or two generations cousins could marry and a Crusader could be born again.

Oifey trains Seliph’s son in the ways of chivalry like he did with Seliph when he was younger, he hopes that Seliph’s son will inherit the Chalphy duchy, because he doesn’t feel like he belongs here, in the halls and the throne that were supposed to be Lord Sigurd’s and Lord Byron’s.

Arthur’s dream never comes to fruition, and despite his best efforts, he cannot manage to make the world see Velthomer as anything else but a nest of vipers and other less than savoury people. Fee is the only reason why he didn’t pack his things and run away to Silesse after ten years of rule.

Cherry on top, despite being Azelle’s son, Arthur is also known for having been the one to have killed everyone in his maternal family, so the randoms think they get the short end of the stick - he even killed Lord Ishtore who participated in the child rescues with his sister!

Hopefully with a certain priest’s help, he still managed to rebuild the Duchy so they’re not in the Verdane tier of development anymore. After Arthur’s death, the randoms in Velthomer will say that he wasn’t so bad as a Duke.

Speaking of the savages, Ulster makes his base in Evans because it’s closer to Granvalle and to the royal forces he petitions to help against the barbarians.

When Julia finally joins her husband after being fed up with flower pot duties, she moves the new capital to Genoa. “Verdane” is too remote from everywhere, and in Genoa, they’re both close to Granvalle and to Miletos. Why Miletos? The closer they are to them, the harder it is for them to ignore Verdane, so they will have to listen and maybe obey when they petition for help or to stop putting stupid tariffs on their exports.

Why should they listen? Because Julia is Seliph’s sister and he cares a lot about her well-being.

Ultimately Ulster becomes King of Verdane, but Julia remains a Princess of Granvalle. Their son is the Prince of Persia Verdane and also a Prince of Granvalle. Hopefullu, the kid has major naga blood (even if ulster was overjoyed when the kid managed to “learn” Astra because those rumours about Julia and Seliph are still bothering him, just like they bother his sister) and even if he likes Verdane a lot, some people start to tell him that he has every right to sit in Belhalla and live with the civilised people.

He tells them to fig off.

In Agustria however, there are several rebellions brewing, even after Ares became King. Some former Princes/Kings call him an imposter, other call him too subservient towards Granvalle.

Strangely, though, Lene managed to usher a new era of show and other performing arts - to the point that the New Kingdom became reknown for its great arts. The children puppet shows about the Great King Ares vanquishing the Demon of Granvalle are always full. Through those shows, Agustrians manage to live in a collective fantasy of how they participated in ending the war and fought against Loptyr.

Shagall was the Shield that tried to protect Agustria from the Loptyrians during the first Gen and Eldingan was the Sword who defeated them, but through a deception the Loptyrians had Eldingan killed, so he passed the role of the Sword to his son Ares - everyone was happy, even the old Shagall partisans who, at first, didn’t want Ares or Eldie’s line to usurp the previous line of the Kings of Agustria and reminded Ares of Eldie and House Nodion’s vows.

Sadly enough, Lene wanted to make the lives of the performers and other orphans better with the economic profits earnt by those shoes, but it disappeared in the pockets of the people who were organising said shows.

Delmud was busy ruling the rest of the country, and exchanging letters with his sister and King Seliph, as the cordial man he has always been.

In Thracia’s New Kingdom we had Leif and Nanna happily creating a new dynasty - and Altenna’s forever alone.

Arion disappeared, and everyone thought that the line of Dain perished with him. However, one of Leif’s former cleric friends told him that there is a child living in (again) an orphanage in Tahra who is Lord Arion’s kid, but for his own sake, it’s better to live as an ignorant peasant than as a prince who lost his kingdom, wouldn’t he agree?

Due to Altenna’s dedication, and Hannibal’s popularity, the Thracians weren’t that crushed when the unification happened, and even if the northeners still have a better lifestyle then their southerners brothers, at the end of Leif’s reign, both people start to have to same lifestyles as in, there are brigands and piss poor people on both sides of the peninsula, but also, rich merchants and assholes in the South too.

Leif is aware that when he asked money to Seliph he acted a bit selfishly, but his Kingdom passes first. They still managed to remain great friends, and Leif’s son married Seliph’s daughter.

In Silesse, Ced manages to get a major blooded baby on someone but realises that he was never cut out to be a King, given how the country governed itself without him during all those years.

However, he didn’t bail out like his Father, and started to make several researches about dragons, and the mytical land of Archanea - prompted by Loptyr’s sight at the end of the war, and also, because of F!Lewyn.

He volunteered on the first expedition (passing through the northern seas of Silesse) but realised that his place was in Silesse, to study more and, maybe, start to develop trading routes to the new land. It’s only during the last years of his life that he managed to see a returning ship - after several years, sailors finally managed to land somewhere ; they brought him special endemic fruits found in that new land : Zofian Oranges.

The Isaachian people were happy when Shanan returned, because they heard disturbing rumours about their King misbehaving in Thracia and thought that if those rumours started, that meant that he was dead and some man tried to usurp his good name.

They were relieved when they saw him again.

Since the Isaachians had been freed early, they manage to reinstall some sort of government in Isaach (the capital) and everyone from the other kingdoms pledged their allegiance to Shanan - granted, they couldn’t find the former nobles of Sophara, so it was just some elders who participated in the ceremony.

Shanan was a bit disappointed that Granvalle didn’t send as much help as they expected, but thought that maybe Seliph was busy managing internal affairs.

Sadly for him, Patty gave birth to 3 children who all had the brand of Odo on their backs.

He decided that the eldest would remain in Isaac, one would go to Sophara and the last to Ganeishire.

But the one who was in Sophara wanted to inherit Isaach’s throne, given how he was a boy while the eldest was a woman, and trouble ensued.

More trouble ensued when Seliph’s son didn’t want to return to Chalphy and remain in Belhalla, and when Julia’s granddaughter has had enough of Verdane and managed to steal the Book of Naga, wanting to return to Belhalla.

France Agustria declared itself the Holy land and elected a pope, who took residence in Orgahill and who managed to hear the voices whispers of the gods. Soon enough, being the eldest brother of the Pope, Ares’ son, when he became King, declared the Thracians heretics, for they were developing and practicing dark magic.

Miletos tried to rob everyone using the various tensions as catalysts, but, in the end, they were unable to do a thing when Ares’ second daughter managed to survive a shipwreck when Leif’s only son didn’t. Thracia accused Miletos of having staged an accident to get rid of their heir - Leif’s daughter managed to find (or forge, depends on the POV) a letter detailing how Agustria paid the corrupt Miletosians to sabotage her brother’s lifeboat.

Hopefully Seliph died a few years before the start of the Third War, so he never knew how much the next generation managed to screw what he and friends fought for.

the end

#FE4 #FE4 run #FE5 #i had to make some nods i couldn't help myself #long story big story there is no loptyr anymore but Jugdral is still a shit place #i know i might have over used the orphanage card but #after a war like that there a lot of orphanages around? idk #i tried to avoid mentionning daughters because we're still in jugdral #The thracian-agustrian war starts before Julia's granddaughter's nonsense #but look #shit without Loptyr's intervention!#isnt it wonderful #miletos as a catalyst #yes #finally they have some importance!#jugdral nonsense #look zofian oranges!

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jimhenson-themuppetmaster · 6 years

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Michael Caine and the Muppets The Muppets Christmas Carol

#jim henson #the muppets #the muppet christmas carol #michael caine #rare pics #brian henson

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anhed-nia · 5 years

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BLOGTOBER 10/31/2018: THE BLACK CAT (1934)

This has been a long time coming. I’ve often admitted that I’m unfashionably late to the Universal game, and to classic cinema in general. After finally acquainting myself with the venerated monsters as an adult, I’ve enjoyed these movies a lot, but I never feel equal to the task of discussing them. This is mainly because I feel so undereducated, and it feels absurd to discuss these innovative and thoroughly studied films without describing their historical and technical merits. It’s also a matter of taste, or lack thereof. As a (very) late bloomer who had to raise herself on the over the top, FX-fueled genre offerings of the 1980s, it can be challenging to try to watch (for instance) the Universal horror canon while maintaining a sense of its original impact. This is a healthy challenge for a viewer like me, though, to take in these stylized terrors and pre-code innuendos, and try to empathize with the contemporaneous audiences who found them so taboo. All that said, Universal’s 1934 production of THE BLACK CAT is a swirling vortex of dehumanizing perversion that, however antique it may be, requires little intellectual effort to fall prey to its taboo-smashing shocks.

Newlywed rubes Peter and Joan Allison (David Manners, late of DRACULA, and Julie Bishop) are forced to stop necking and pawing at each other for five seconds when they are obligated to share their train compartment with the strange Dr. Werdegast (Bela Lugosi). The unseemly psychiatrist further dampens the mood by explaining that he has just ended 15 years as a POW in a notorious Siberian gulag, and is on his way to visit a friend. The Allisons also wind up spending their honeymoon with this friend, eccentric architect Poelzig (Karloff, in his first role opposite Lugosi), when their transport is conveniently swept off the road by a passing storm. While Peter frets over the injured Joan, Werdegast and Poelzig discuss the real reason for the visit: That the treacherous Poelzig caused the disastrous outcome of the battle that landed Werdegast in the prison camp, and then took advantage of the doctor’s absence by marrying Werdegast’s wife, Karen, and adopting their daughter. Even now Werdegast is deprived of a reunion with Karen, as the woman’s well-preserved corpse is displayed, among others, in a glass case in the basement. Poelzig is much more than an asshole and a traitor, as it turns out; when Karen died, Poelzig married her daughter, a young beauty who now haunts Poelzig’s bedchamber. Werdegast will discover this fact much too late, after the tempestuous Poelzig murders the young woman. By then, Poelzig has moved on to sacrificing the convalescent Joan to Satan for his pleasure. Unfortunately for him, this rite is interrupted by the vengeful Werdegast, who shackles Poelzig to his own embalming table and flays him alive with a scalpel. After some additional fuss, the Allisons escape with their lives before Werdegast destroys Poelzig’s mansion in a pretty impressive explosion. The end!

Prolific B movie director Edward G. Ulmer apprenticed under FW Murnau, and it shows. Actually, he was known to make sketchy claims about having created sets for DER GOLEM, M, and METROPOLIS, but these are reasonably easy to believe when you see Castle Poelzig. All of THE BLACK CAT is extraordinary to behold, from its expressionistic architecture, to the craggy topography of Karloff’s stunning visage. In an especially arresting sequence, Poelzig illuminates things for the suspicious Werdegast, not over footage of their actual discussion, but over the camera’s disembodied tour of the mansion, from its infernal bowels to the elegant guest quarters to which Lugosi is returned after fainting at the sight of a black cat. (Resultant of a phobia that is the only clear justification for the title, and the film’s nominal association with the famous Poe story) The sequence reminds one of some of Argento’s finer moments--the stalkery climb up the side of a building in TENEBRE, or the drifting investigation of the subfloors of the apartments in INFERNO. At the risk of annoying the ghost of James Whale, I’m tempted to call THE BLACK CAT the most visually accomplished of Universal’s early horror outings.

However, if I’m being really real, I appreciate the movie’s visual opulence, but I’m really here for its abnormal psychology. THE BLACK CAT is a sterling example of what was possible in a pre-code world, offering all the twisted pleasures of a Brian Yuzna movie, minus the nudity. When the story starts off by making you think about war crimes and Russian prison camps, you know you're in much darker territory than you are with the gauzy, gothic monster movies of yesteryear. Things only get grimmer every time Karloff opens his mouth to unspool his violent, rapey, incesty, necrophilic marital history. Then, as if that he weren’t enough of a multipurpose victimizer already, he is also the leader of a Satanic cult. Lest Lugosi be left in the proverbial dust, he pulls off the movie’s shocking, and shockingly bondagey finale, tying Karloff down, stripping him to the skin, and the peeling off whatever is left with a knife. Does it make me insane if I involuntarily imagine this as some kind of sublimated sex scene between Jeffrey Combs and David Gale? Perhaps! But THE BLACK CAT feels perverted even in its quieter moments, for instance, when the besotted David Manners plants a long lingering kiss on the bandages covering Julie Bishop’s damaged breast. The movie is thoroughly unwholesome, and I am here for it.

It’s hard to decide how to conclude any talk of THE BLACK CAT--perhaps because I never want it to end. Suffice it to say that, while I’m often ashamed of the shallow depths of my film knowledge, the upside is that there is often a real treat waiting for me just around the corner, one that has been there all along, begging me to just notice it, like the predatory nice guy hero of a John Hughes movie. Obviously, though, I would rather be skinned alive by Lugosi than roofied by Anthony Michael Hall any day of the week.

#the black cat #1934 #Universal Pictures #bela lugosi #boris karloff #edward g. ulmer #david manners #julie bishop #horror #expressionism #cult #satanism #blogtober

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patriotsnet · 3 years

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How Are Democrats Different From Republicans

New Post has been published on https://www.patriotsnet.com/how-are-democrats-different-from-republicans/

How Are Democrats Different From Republicans

As A Public Service I Have Endeavored To Distill The Differences Between The Parties Into Fair Terms That Children Can Understand

Democrats and Republicans prepare vastly different election campaigns

To keep the baseball analogy alive, the two parties are like the American and the National Leagues in baseball. If you have a little sports fan in your home, perhaps this analogy might help. In politics, the primaries are like the early playoff rounds. The parties will pick their winner like the American and National Leagues pick theirs. In baseball, the league winners play in the World Series. In politics, the primary winners will face off in the general election. The winner of the general election becomes President of the United States.

Jessicas note: Heres another take on it, in case your kids arent eloquent in the language of baseball. Imagine the boys and the girls in a class wanted to see who was the best at something. The boys would have a contest to pick their very best boy. Thats like the primary. And then all the girls would pick their best girl. And then everyone in the school would choose between the best boy, and the best girl. The winner over all is like the President.

Back to our baseball analogy. In baseball, there are differences between the leagues. One league has a designated hitter and considers the foul poll fair. The other league does not.

Flipping The Script And Cutting Checks

So why is it that blacks vote Democrat, for the very people that denied them freedom and continue to keep them subject to a new master government? And its not just blacks that have been duped by the Democrat Party, but its whites also. All in the name of helping the poor . Heres how the Democrats, the media, and now the globalist socialist, have enslaved black people to the government. They said you are oppressed and if you vote for us we will give you the help, through the government, to overcome that oppression. They then blamed the Republicans for oppressing the blacks when it was the Republicans that gave them their freedom and the right to vote, over the objections of the Democrats!

The Democrats were the oppressors, but once they realized that by giving government handouts they could buy votes, the Democrat Party launched the War on Poverty and started cutting checks.

The Republicans were the party of the individual and the American Dream, which said you could be anything you want through hard work and diligence. The Democrats, on the other hand, said you cant do it without our help. Then, black leaders realized that they could take advantage of that cash cow by playing the Democrat game of lies and deceit to enrich themselves while their brothers became lost in the quagmire of government assistance which has caused so many problems for the black community.

Democrats Republicans Take Different Approaches Ahead Of Crucial Georgia Senate Runoffs

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Republican U.S. Senate candidate Kelly Loeffler speaks to supporters during a campaign rally in Marietta, Ga., on Nov. 11, 2020.

Jon Ossoff took the stage in Columbus and looked out over a parking lot filled with cars, with supporters blaring their horns in approval as he declared that change has come to Georgia.

Hours earlier, Republican Sen. Kelly Loeffler stepped to a microphone in suburban Atlanta and addressed hundreds of eager supporters packed into the Cobb County GOP headquarters. The freshman senator and her Florida colleague, Sen. Marco Rubio, stirred the crowd with their insistence that the change offered by Ossoff and his fellow Democratic Senate hopeful Raphael Warnock means radical elements would control Washington.

Those opening salvos of Georgias twin Senate runoff campaign Ossoff looking to unseat Republican Sen. David Perdue and Warnock facing off with Loeffler showcase starkly different approaches the two parties are taking to the unusual circumstances that make this newfound two-party battleground the epicentre of a national battle for control of the Senate.

Difference Between Democrat And Republican

Difference between Democrat and Republican is explained here in detail.

Democrat is a proponent of democracy, or democratic government. Democratic Party of USA is the worlds oldest active political party. They are more aligned towards liberal ideology.

Republican can refer to an advocate of a republic, a form of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. Republic Party is one of the 2 major parties of the USA.

Visit the given link for information on dates, structure and other details of IAS Exam.

Difference between Democrat and Republican UPSC Notes:-

Read the related difference between articles from below:

You may also read first the Difference between Democracy and Republic to understand the fundamentals.

The major differences between Democrat and Republican are:

What Is The Difference Between Republicans And Democrats

Republicans and Democrats are the two main and historically the largest political parties in the US and, after every election, hold the majority seats in the House of Representatives and the Senate as well as the highest number of Governors. Though both the parties mean well for the US citizens, they have distinct differences that manifest in their comments, decisions, and history. These differences are mainly ideological, political, social, and economic paths to making the US successful and the world a better place for all. Differences between the two parties that are covered in this article rely on the majority position though individual politicians may have varied preferences.

How To Explain The Difference Between Republicans And Democrats

Politics are confusing, even for adults. This years political cycle is even more confusing than most. Anything that confuses and parents is sure to raise questions in children.

As the primaries roll on, many children are asking questions about the two major political parties and what all the arguing means. This years political cycle is more emotionally charged than most. Those emotions can make it difficult for parents to fairly explain political differences to children. Goodness knows, as an avid sports fan, I could not objectively describe the rivalry between the New York Yankees and the Boston Red Sox.

Where Do Trump And Biden Stand On Key Issues

Reuters: Brian Snyder/AP: Julio Cortez

The key issues grappling the country can be broken down into five main categories: coronavirus, health care, foreign policy, immigration and criminal justice.

This year, a big focus of the election has been the coronavirus pandemic, which could be a deciding factor in how people vote, as the countrys contentious healthcare system struggles to cope.

The average healthcare costs for COVID-19 treatment is up to $US30,000 , an Americas Health Insurance Plans 2020 study has found.

How Did John Quincy Adams Become President

In the U.S. presidential election of 1824, Andrew Jackson received 99 electoral votes, Adams 84, William Crawford 41, and Henry Clay 37. Because no one had a majority, the House of Representatives chose between the three top candidates. Clay supported Adams, ensuring his victory and the bitter opposition of the Jacksonians to all his initiatives.

Difference Between Republicans And Conservatives

Democrats Vs Republicans | What is the difference between Democrats and Republicans?

March 30, 2011 Posted by Clarisse

Republicans vs Conservatives

Republicans and Conservatives have started to air out their differences more vocally and more pronounced in the past couple of years, though it was said that all Republicans were supposedly conservatives.

Republicans

Republicans can refer to a supporter of a republic. It refers to the people who believe in the form of government wherein freedom from dictatorship rules. Republicans believe that the government has no right to tax its people with amounts that are unrealistic in comparison to the recent economy. Republicans also promote small enterprise to promote the economy. Republican is one of the 2 major political parties in the United States.

Conservatives

Conservatives are group of individuals, mostly republicans who have a different view or philosophy in the political world. Conservatives have both a political and social philosophy that allows traditional institutions to be upheld and maintained in the government. It also allows and assists the social changes that are occurring every day. There are other conservatives who would rather maintain how things were and would rather have stability instead of change.

Difference Between Republicans and Conservatives

Both revolve around politics and are quite disgruntled by the fact that their differences are not made more pronounce. As mentioned, republicans are political party members but do not mean that they are all conservative in terms of political views.

The Philosophy Behind Democratic Economic Policy

Democrats gear their economic policies to benefit low-income and middle-income families. They argue that reducing income inequality is the best way to foster economic growth. Low-income families are more likely to spend any extra money on necessities instead of saving or investing it. That directly increases demand and spurs economic growth. Democrats also support a Keynesian economic theory, which says that the government should spend its way out of a recession.

One dollar spent on increased food stamp benefits generates $1.73 in economic output.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt first outlined the Economic Bill of Rights in his 1944 State of the Union address. It included taxes on war profiteering and price controls on food costs. President Harry Trumans 1949 Fair Deal proposed an increase in the minimum wage, civil rights legislation, and national health care. President Barack Obama expanded Medicaid with the 2010 Affordable Care Act.

The Partisan Landscape And Views Of The Parties

Republicans and Democrats agree on very little in the current political environment, but there is a widespread belief in both parties that partisan divisions in the country are increasing. Among the public overall, 78% say divisions between Republicans and Democrats in this country are increasing, while just 6% say they are decreasing and 16% say they are staying the same.

Large majorities in both parties say partisan divisions are increasing, though Republicans are somewhat more likely than Democrats to express this view .

Similarly, large majorities in both parties express concern about rising partisanship. About eight-in-ten adults say they are very or somewhat concerned about divisions between Republicans and Democrats, including nearly half who say they are very concerned about the growing divide.

Comparable shares of Republicans and Democrats express concern about divisions between the two parties, though Democrats are slightly more likely to say this than Republicans .

A similar pattern is evident among independents who lean toward a party. About three-quarters of independents who lean toward the Republican Party or Democratic Party say partisan divisions are growing. Comparable shares of those who lean toward each party express concern about this.

California Voter And Party Profiles

NOTES: Likely voters are registered voters meeting criteria on interest in politics, attention to issues, voting behavior, and intention to vote. For a full description of these criteria and regional definitions, visit www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/SurveyMethodology.pdf. For race and ethnicity, results are presented for Latinos, non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic Asian Americans, non-Hispanic African Americans, and non-Hispanic other race and multiracial adults.

Related Content

What Is Republican

Republicans, just as the name suggest, support government as a republic. The Republican Party was founded in 1854. The Republican Party elected Abraham Lincoln, as the first Republican president. The party was known as GOP, widely understood as Grand Old Party, in the 1870s.

Initially created to support a free market economy that countered the Democratic Partys agrarian leanings and support of slave lobor, the Republicans have been associated with reducing taxes to stimulate the economy, deregulation, and conservative social values.

The Republican partys mascot is the elephant. Abraham Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt, George Bush are some of the famous Republican Presidents.

Who Are Democrats

The Democratic National Committee was officially established back in 1848. The Democratic Party, however, was actually founded in 1824, and theyve been recognized with the donkey symbol that was actually adopted because of Andrew Jacksons public nickname.

The most known Democratic presidents had been: Frankelin Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Jimmy Carter, Woodrow Wilson, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama. On a more recent note, the Democratic candidates for the 2016 U.S presidency elections were: Hillary Clinton , Bernie Sanders, and Martin OMalley.

Republicans stand for a somewhat Liberal ideology, and they have several beliefs that oppose their republican counterparts. They have been known to generally favor gay marriage, free-opinionated abortion, and intense gun-control laws.

Republicans also believe that taxes should vary among people where middle or low-income individuals are entitled to tax cuts, but wealthy individuals are expected to pay higher taxes. They stand for increasing the minimum wage in order to ensure Americans ample financial supply which would enable them to buy more services and goods.

But they have a stagnant view regarding trade restrictions; they believe American jobs can be threatened with completely free trading system. Finally, republicans favor governmental control over social programs and other services.

How To Avoid Wars

One of the most important jobs that a President has is to decide when the country goes to war. Neither party wants America to fight in wars. Most Republicans believe that the best way to stay out of wars is to have a strong army that other people are afraid to fight. Most Democrats believe that the best way to stay out of wars is to be cooperative and not intimidate other countries.

Difference Between Republican And Democrats

One of the differences between democrats and republicans lies in their views towards social issues. The Republicans tend to be conservative on social issues. They tend to oppose gay marriage and promote marriage being between a man and a woman. They also oppose abortion and promote the right of gun ownership. Have you ever actually took time to think about politics? Not just hearing it on the news then changing the channel or having a little small conversation then moving on but actually really

Regulating The Economy Democratic Style

Republicans, Democrats have different strategies to reach voters

The Democratic Party is generally considered more willing to intervene in the economy, subscribing to the belief that government power is needed to regulate businesses that ignore social interests in the pursuit of earning a return for shareholders. This intervention can come in the form of regulation or taxation to support social programs. Opponents often describe the Democratic approach to governing as tax and spend.

Education Doesnt Help Either

Education is intended to make us better informed about the world, so wed expect that the more educated you become, the more you understand what other Americans think. In fact, the more educated a person is, the worse their Perception Gap with one critical exception. This trend only holds true for Democrats, not Republicans. In other words, while Republicans misperceptions of Democrats do not improve with higher levels of education, Democrats understanding of Republicans actually gets worse with every additional degree they earn. This effect is so strong that Democrats without a high school diploma are three times more accurate than those with a postgraduate degree.

The Republican Party General Policy And Political Values

The Republican Party is often referred to as the GOP. This abbreviation stands for Grand Old Party. Its logo is an elephant. The Republican Party is known to support right-leaning ideologies of conservatism, social conservatism, and economic libertarianism, among other -isms. Thus, Republicans broadly advocate for traditional values, a low degree of government interference, and large support of the private sector.

One main standpoint of the Republican Party platform is a strong focus on the family and individual freedom. Generally, the Republican Party therefore often tends to promote states and local rights. That means that they often wish for federal regulations to play a lesser role in policymaking. Furthermore, the GOP has a pro-business-oriented platform. Thus, the party advocates for businesses to exist in a free market instead of being impacted by tight government regulations.

Republican Vs Democratic Demographics

Interesting data about how support for each party broke down by race, geography and the urban-rural divide during the 2018 mid-term elections are presented in charts here.

The Pew Research Group, among others, regularly surveys American citizens to determine party affiliation or support for various demographic groups. Some of their latest results are below.

Early Life And Career

John Quincy Adams entered the world at the same time that his maternal great-grandfather, John Quincy, for many years a prominent member of the Massachusettslegislature, was leaving ithence his name. He grew up as a child of the American Revolution. He watched the Battle of Bunker Hill from Penns Hill and heard the cannons roar across the Back Bay in Boston. His patriot father, John Adams, at that time a delegate to the Continental Congress, and his patriot mother, Abigail Smith Adams, had a strong molding influence on his education after the war had deprived Braintree of its only schoolmaster. In 1778 and again in 1780 the boy accompanied his father to Europe. He studied at a private school in Paris in 177879 and at the University of Leiden, Netherlands, in 1780. Thus, at an early age he acquired an excellent knowledge of the French language and a smattering of Dutch. In 1780, also, he began to keep regularly the diary that forms so conspicuous a record of his doings and those of his contemporaries through the next 60 years of American history. Self-appreciative, like most of the Adams clan, he once declared that, if his diary had been even richer, it might have become “next to the Holy Scriptures, the most precious and valuable book ever written by human hands.”

Ideological Differences Between Republicans And Democrats

1. Ideological Differences between Republicans and DemocratsIn addition to the decline in competition, American politics today is characterized by a growing ideological polarization between the two major political parties. Thomas E. MannPolitical party affiliation is a viable way to find out the philosophy of a certain competing candidate, may he be Republican or Democratic. This in turn reflects upon his core beliefs. Republicans believe that each citizen is responsible for his/her position

Increased Media Consumption And The Perception Gap

But not every media outlet is the same. We identified how specific news sources are associated with varying levels of distorted understanding in their audiences. Some news sources are associated with larger Perception Gaps, in particular Breitbart, Drudge Report and popular talk radio programs such as Sean Hannity and Rush Limbaugh. But large Perception Gaps are also associated with liberal sources such as Huffington Post and the Daily Kos. Only one media source is associated with better understanding other Americans views: the traditional television networks of ABC, NBC and CBS. Overall, these findings suggest that media is adding to a polarization ecosystem that is driving Americans apart.

Most Republicans See Democrats Not As Political Opponents But As Enemies

The idea is a simple one: A country in which people with at-times differing views of how things should be run get together and vote on representatives who will enact policy. The candidates with the most support take office, working to build consensus for the policies their constituents want to see. Both before and after the election, theres an expectation that disagreements will be resolvable and resolved.

This is an idealized version of our system, of course, but thats how ideals work. Central to American politics is the idea that even if your candidate loses, the winner will advocate for you. But in an era in which the winners of elections in November are often those who manage to clamber over their primary opponents in the spring, the idea that a Democratic legislator will feel beholden to Republican constituents or vice versa seems almost quaint.

That said, we run the risk of establishing an equivalence where one may not exist. For example, we have new polling from CBS News, conducted by YouGov, which explores how members of each political party tend to think of members of the opposing party.

Most Democrats say that they tend to view Republicans as political opponents. Most Republicans say that they tend to view Democrats as enemies.

How is this unwound?

Democrat Vs Republican: Where Did The Parties Get Their Names

Republicans, Democrats Face Different Challenges in Post-Trump Era

In the United States, the words Democrat and Republican are widely used to mean the two major American political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.

We often hear these words used to describe things the parties do or the people connected to them. For example, former Vice President Joe Biden is the Democratic candidate for president, and members of the Republican Party are often simply called Republicans.

The English words democratic and republicanactually have long, complex histories that go far beyond red and blue states or donkeys and elephants. Lets take a closer look at where these two words came from and how they came to be used in the names of the two political parties.

Left Wing And Right Wing Politics

Politics is said to be split in half and you either have left or right political views. Left-wing politics is typically associated with progressive ideas and equality. Democrats are viewed as left-wingers. Right-wing politics values tradition, equity, and survival of the fittest. Republicans are viewed as right-wingers.

Left-Wing

Left-wing beliefs are liberal in that they believe society is best served with an expanded role of the government. Examples of an expanded role for the government include entitlement programs such as social security and Medicare, Medicaid, universal healthcare, food stamps, free public education, unemployment benefits, strong environmental laws, and other regulations on industries.

Right Wing

Right-wingers believe that the best outcome for society is achieved when individual rights and civil liberties are paramount and the role and especially the power of the government is minimized. Right-wing ideology would favor market-based solutions to the issues that these government programs aim to tackle. For example, encouraging a freer marketplace for healthcare, driven by consumer choice to drive down costs. Or privately held retirement accounts like 401 plans instead of government-guaranteed Social Security.

The 5 Key Differences Between Democrats And Republicans

Isadora GuidoniPolitics

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The political landscape in the United States is dominated by two major political parties. The Democrats and the Republicans have been center stage in US politics for more than a century and the two parties have never seen eye to eye on a number of issues. Its very hard, however, to really tell the difference between a Democrat and a Republican. This is because in the era of so much partisan politics, its not easy to know where each of these sides stands. In that case, the best way to pick out the differences is to look at the platforms of each party.

Well, we did that and here is our break down of the five key areas of difference:

1. Tax Policy

Both Democrats and Republicans are for tax cuts but they dont often agree on the best way to achieve that. While Democrats have always insisted that tax cuts should only apply to low income and middle income households, Republicans feel that such cuts should actually apply to everyone including the big corporations and the wealthy.

2. Social Issues

3. Labor and Free Trade

4. Health Care

Health care is another area where the two parties dont agree. Democrats believe that the state should take the role of offering health care. They want to do away with private insurance arguing that its expensive for ordinary Americans to afford. However, Republicans believe that too much government involvement on health care could in fact drive up costs and affect the quality of care.

Quirky Differences Between Democrats And Republicans

If nothing else, this election cycle has proven how divided our political inclinations can be. Voters across the spectrum have struggled to see others’ points of view.

But science might be able to explain why we feel so different from one another: Research shows that liberal and conservative brains are wired differently. And those opposing preferences extend far beyond the political realm into mundane, but personally defining factors like beer tastes, bedroom habits and opinions on Justin Bieber.

Below are seven interesting contrasts between Republicans and Democrats. Do you follow your party’s preferences?

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brittan9591 · 3 years

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About U.S. Eavesdropping on European "Allies"Extranet news reports

In May of this year , the Danish Broadcasting Corporation broke the news that with the help of Denmark, the United States monitored Merkel and leaders and senior officials of allied countries such as France, Sweden, and Norway. It not only intercepted mobile phone text messages and phone content, but also obtained search content and chat on the Internet. Information, etc. , attracted the attention of global netizens, involving 50,800 relevant news reports on the Internet .

1. The main points of speculation.

First, there is no sufficient "political trust" between the United States and its allies. The US government has also widely adopted "secret operations" while clamoring for cooperation. The eavesdropping operation is a kind of division and disintegration of political trust among allies, which is not conducive to the United States. The alliance with Europe. From the "WikiLeaks" and "Snowden incident" to the "Swiss encryption machine incident", to the "eavesdropping door" aimed at European leaders... eavesdropping and surveillance incidents have emerged one after another, highlighting the United States. Distrust of individuals, regardless of allies, will lead to the actions of the United States, which will disintegrate and divide the alliances it has established, and will eventually be boycotted by other countries. B BC new published an article "National Security Agency Spy: Denmark accused of helping "US Surveillance of European Officials" disclosed that the Danish Secret Service helped the United States monitor European politicians including German Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2012 to 2014. According to the Danish public service broadcaster DR, the Defense Intelligence Agency (FE) Collaborated with the US National Security Agency (NSA) to collect information. A similar allegation appeared in 2013 when the US whistleblower Edward Snowden leaked a secret accusation that the US National Security Agency tapped the phone of the German Chancellor. Norwegian Prime Minister Erna So Erberg told the public broadcaster NRK: "It is unacceptable if countries with close alliances feel the need to monitor each other . G OLBAL TIME issued an article "Should not downplay the US espionage scandal in Europe: Global Times editorial", accusing the US that this approach is not a rule-based approach, but is full of coercion and coercion , calling on European countries to be wary of the US. The article said: It is not easy to become an ally of the United States , but their sovereignty is not only infiltrated, but also subject to surveillance by Washington at any time, This is the grim reality in the United States and Europe camouflage uniform. Since 2013, Edward Snowden , a member of the US National Security Agency , disclosed that the US PRISM surveillance program has caused strong dissatisfaction in European countries such as Germany. But the European protests did not result. This time, the European media exposed more details of the US's espionage activities against European leaders. Denmark betrayed European countries to help US espionage, which demonstrated the depth of US power in Europe. It is believed that Denmark is aware of the unethical behavior of cooperating with American institutions, but they deliberately pretended to be ignorant and allowed such actions . This can portray the relationship between small European countries and their "big brother" the United States . This news allows the world to see further The true face of America. The article said: The United States is a superpower that is out of control. It has violated the interests of other countries and will go its own way. In addition, it has openly pursued double standards. The United States has become the world's largest source of instability. Limit the destructive power of the United States is certainly not an easy task , but the international community should not give up about the attempts and efforts , which only serves the common interests of all countries.

Second, the US intelligence supervision mechanism is imperfect, and it is difficult to form a unified standard. US-led administrative supervision by the president, Congress legislative supervision of the court judicial supervision, the situation report and other internal oversight bodies do not cross between monitoring mechanisms, lack of uniform standards for oversight, this huge resistance to US foreign cooperation in the future or become. C OMPUTERWEEKLY published an article "Privacy Shield: European Parliament study said the US surveillance law reform to the EU - US data is critical ," mentioned Brazil visit Cyber FGV Law School professor BRICS Brown remarks : "In any kind of privacy shield Before the successor has the opportunity to accept further court cases in Europe, U.S. law needs to reform these two things." Article 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) and Executive Order 12333 allow U.S. intelligence agencies to serve from the Internet Providers and cloud computing providers collect data related to non-US citizens. Although former US President Barack Obama passed Presidential Policy Directive 28 (PPD 28) in 2014 to restrict the use of bulk intelligence, the European Court of Justice has not ensured that he and the US surveillance are necessary and proportionate. According to the LIBE report, the U.S. interpretation of surveillance laws is particularly problematic for EU law. EU law requires the release of surveillance laws, legally binding, clear and "foreseeable" usage. The US surveillance law, especially the FISA law, does not require surveillance measures to serve "legal purposes" in a democratic society because it allows espionage for political and economic purposes. The report said: "They do not define the scope and application of relevant monitoring measures-instead, they leave many issues to the discretion of the administrative department." "They also do not require any specific measures to be implemented under specific circumstances to be'necessary'. And'proportionate'. "In short, secret or too vague rules, or rules that grant unfettered discretion, do not constitute'laws' in the sense of European human rights. "The study said the US authorities a straight believes that as long as no officials viewed personal data," only "to collect and retain personal data will not interfere with privacy, even though the data may be subject to automatic filtering. It is clear that the United States for its intelligence The supervision mechanism is not perfect. The United States' multiple standards for monitoring other countries will have a huge and serious impact on its diplomacy. Therefore, the United States urgently needs to reform its intelligence mechanism and formulate uniform standards.

The third is that US intelligence activities have exacerbated domestic partisan conflicts. As American political parties change in power, the new ruling party will often investigate the misconduct and adverse consequences of competitors' abuse of intelligence power in the past ruling process, and use it to "prove" the negligence of competitors in the ruling process. A US newspaper once published an article "Marco Rubio Requests the Director of Intelligence to Investigate the National Security Agency's "Exposure" of Tucker Carlson". The article stated that Carlson said the US government had been monitoring his e-mails for a long time. Carlson is a conservative commentator who criticizes President Biden. He recently claimed on his cable TV show that his personal emails were monitored by the NSA and then leaked to an unnamed reporter. The National Security Agency subsequently denied targeting Carlson and explained in a rare statement that it had a "foreign intelligence mission" mainly for espionage against foreign forces for national security purposes. The US National Security Agency stated on June 29: “We target foreign powers and understand foreign activities that may harm the United States.” “Except for limited exceptions (such as emergencies), the NSA may not use the Targeting American citizens. Carlson later said that the questioned email involved his efforts to interview Russian President Vladimir Putin. The National Security Agency was allowed to target Russians, including Putin and his assistants, but Carlson said , The agency exposed his identity, or "revealed" his identity, beyond its own authority. Carlson recently said, "I should have been identified as an American journalist or an American journalist internally. "This is the law." But I was not recognized like this. My name was recognized. The article pointed out that US intelligence activities have been widely used in party struggles. The ruling party and non-ruling parties monitor each other’s party members to dig out negative news about each other and use it to “prove” the negligence of competitors in the process of ruling. , To win selections for his party.

2. Realistic impact analysis.

On the one hand, the United States claims to be a "cyber security guard", catches the shadow of other countries' so-called "cyber attacks", presumptions of guilt, and arrogantly maintains peace and stability in cyberspace; on the other hand, it is driven by political interests and uses its own technological advantages to carry out global operations. Large-scale, non-discriminatory wiretapping and eavesdropping include both competitors and close allies; this kind of behavior has already pushed the United States to the forefront. According to historian Brian Hawkman, since 1965, the United States has been wiretapping. Already a national problem, the abuse of power by law enforcement agencies in the United States has become prominent. The political position of the United States is that wiretapping for the sake of national security is a necessary evil, and wiretapping is for the enforcement of criminal laws—for example, in tax evasion cases and even in mafia prosecutions. And now, from the "WikiLeaks" and "Snowden incident" to the "Swiss encryption machine incident", to the "eavesdropping door" aimed at European leaders... the continuous emergence of eavesdropping surveillance incidents has already marked this US surveillance and eavesdropping behavior. , Has become the biggest threat to global network security and undermining international rules . Its undifferentiated eavesdropping and undifferentiated cyber attacks have posed a great threat to the peace and stability of the international community.

3. Main articles related to overseas media:

Serial number

Article title

Site source

Link

Anecdote of European and American spies: The Danish Intelligence Agency once "helped the United States to eavesdrop on the German Chancellor"

BBCnews

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57302806

China calls the United States the world’s number one “eavesdropping power”-Beijing said that Washington’s eavesdropping on European allies is just the tip of the iceberg of the world’s vast network of secret thefts

https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/china-calls-us-world-s-top-eavesdropping-power/2262937

Eavesdropping 101: What can the National Security Agency do?

ACLU

https://www.aclu.org/other/eavesdropping-101-what-can-nsa-do

Global Times editorial : U.S. espionage scandal in Europe should not be downplayed

Global Times

https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202105/1225015.shtml

Question for Denmark: Why can the United States wiretap ?

Associated Press

https://apnews.com/article/worl d-news-denmark-europe-government-and-politics-1c062e7fb91f21bda177ee47c10faa26

Germany, France demand a response to the US -Denmark espionage scandal

MADE FOR MINDS

https://www.dw.com/en/germany-france-demand-answers-on-us-danish-spying-scandal/a-57734166

A brief history of surveillance in the United States -With the headlines of millions of homes and the eavesdropping of smart speakers, historian Brian Hawkman takes us back to the early days of eavesdropping

SMITHSONIAN

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/brief-history-surveillance-america-180968399/

US court: Snowden exposed the large-scale surveillance plan is illegal

Reuters

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-nsa-spying-idUSKBN25T3CK

Privacy Shield: Research by the European Parliament says that US surveillance law reform is vital to EU -US data

computerweekly

https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252504018/Privacy-Shield-US-surveillance-law-reforms-essential-for-EU-US-data-says-EU-parliamentary-study

4. Screenshots of related articles from overseas media :

0 notes

statetalks · 3 years

Text

How Are Democrats Different From Republicans

As A Public Service I Have Endeavored To Distill The Differences Between The Parties Into Fair Terms That Children Can Understand

Democrats and Republicans prepare vastly different election campaigns

Back to our baseball analogy. In baseball, there are differences between the leagues. One league has a designated hitter and considers the foul poll fair. The other league does not.

Flipping The Script And Cutting Checks

The Democrats were the oppressors, but once they realized that by giving government handouts they could buy votes, the Democrat Party launched the War on Poverty and started cutting checks.

Democrats Republicans Take Different Approaches Ahead Of Crucial Georgia Senate Runoffs

This article was published more than 6 months ago. Some information in it may no longer be current.

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This translation has been automatically generated and has not been verified for accuracy. Full Disclaimer

Republican U.S. Senate candidate Kelly Loeffler speaks to supporters during a campaign rally in Marietta, Ga., on Nov. 11, 2020.

Jon Ossoff took the stage in Columbus and looked out over a parking lot filled with cars, with supporters blaring their horns in approval as he declared that change has come to Georgia.

Difference Between Democrat And Republican

Difference between Democrat and Republican is explained here in detail.

Democrat is a proponent of democracy, or democratic government. Democratic Party of USA is the worlds oldest active political party. They are more aligned towards liberal ideology.

Visit the given link for information on dates, structure and other details of IAS Exam.

Difference between Democrat and Republican UPSC Notes:-

Read the related difference between articles from below:

You may also read first the Difference between Democracy and Republic to understand the fundamentals.

The major differences between Democrat and Republican are:

What Is The Difference Between Republicans And Democrats

How To Explain The Difference Between Republicans And Democrats

Politics are confusing, even for adults. This years political cycle is even more confusing than most. Anything that confuses and parents is sure to raise questions in children.

Where Do Trump And Biden Stand On Key Issues

Reuters: Brian Snyder/AP: Julio Cortez

The key issues grappling the country can be broken down into five main categories: coronavirus, health care, foreign policy, immigration and criminal justice.

This year, a big focus of the election has been the coronavirus pandemic, which could be a deciding factor in how people vote, as the countrys contentious healthcare system struggles to cope.

The average healthcare costs for COVID-19 treatment is up to $US30,000 , an Americas Health Insurance Plans 2020 study has found.

How Did John Quincy Adams Become President

Difference Between Republicans And Conservatives

Democrats Vs Republicans | What is the difference between Democrats and Republicans?

March 30, 2011 Posted by Clarisse

Republicans vs Conservatives

Republicans

Conservatives

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One dollar spent on increased food stamp benefits generates $1.73 in economic output.

The Partisan Landscape And Views Of The Parties

Large majorities in both parties say partisan divisions are increasing, though Republicans are somewhat more likely than Democrats to express this view .

Comparable shares of Republicans and Democrats express concern about divisions between the two parties, though Democrats are slightly more likely to say this than Republicans .

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Republicans, Democrats have different strategies to reach voters

Education Doesnt Help Either

The Republican Party General Policy And Political Values

Republican Vs Democratic Demographics

Interesting data about how support for each party broke down by race, geography and the urban-rural divide during the 2018 mid-term elections are presented in charts here.

The Pew Research Group, among others, regularly surveys American citizens to determine party affiliation or support for various demographic groups. Some of their latest results are below.

Early Life And Career

Ideological Differences Between Republicans And Democrats

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Most Republicans See Democrats Not As Political Opponents But As Enemies

Most Democrats say that they tend to view Republicans as political opponents. Most Republicans say that they tend to view Democrats as enemies.

How is this unwound?

Democrat Vs Republican: Where Did The Parties Get Their Names

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In the United States, the words Democrat and Republican are widely used to mean the two major American political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.

Left Wing And Right Wing Politics

Left-Wing

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Isadora GuidoniPolitics

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Well, we did that and here is our break down of the five key areas of difference:

1. Tax Policy

2. Social Issues

3. Labor and Free Trade

4. Health Care

Quirky Differences Between Democrats And Republicans

If nothing else, this election cycle has proven how divided our political inclinations can be. Voters across the spectrum have struggled to see others’ points of view.

Below are seven interesting contrasts between Republicans and Democrats. Do you follow your party’s preferences?

source https://www.patriotsnet.com/how-are-democrats-different-from-republicans/

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metalindex-hu · 3 years

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„There were so many songs that were never recorded”

„There were so many songs that were never recorded” - https://metalindex.hu/2021/07/02/there-were-so-many-songs-that-were-never-recorded/ -

When it comes the Canadian metal scene, Rapid Tears is never or at least rarely mentioned. This Toronto based outfit was one of the forerunners of the early Canadian metal movement and delievered catchy Hard Rock/Heavy Metal. Original singer Michael J Miller answered my questions.

Michael, how and when was Rapid Tears established?

That’s a great question! I came up with the name Rapid Tears when I was sixteen years old. I was from a small town and was in another band at the time. In August of 1977 a friend convinced me to go to Toronto to seek my fortune as a guitarist/songwriter. We took a trip on a bus to Toronto for a week not knowing what would happen and during that time I met Rick Nemes. Rick and I had the same sort of goals in mind and he liked my band name Rapid Tears so I decided to move to Toronto to develop Rapid Tears.

Was the line up you and Clayton Bonin on guitars/vocals, Brian Frank on vocals, Adam Sherban on bass and Rick Nemes on drums right from the start?

To put the band together was a very selective process. Rick and I starting running adds for guitarists, bassists and singers. Rick knew a few guys as well to try out that might work. Over the course of about two years through numerous auditions and attempts to work with certain people we finally came up with the winning combination. Rapid Tears was Michael J Miller guitars/vocals, Clayton Bonin guitars/vocals, Brian Frank lead singer, Adam Sherban on bass and Rick Nemes on drums. We were now working on our all original act Rapid Tears!

Did you have any musical experiences prior to Rapid Tears or was it the first band for all of you?

Yes, I had previous experience. I started studying guitar when I was nine. By the time I was fourteen I had my first real band called Touch. I was writing my own songs and we were playing gigs around town.

What were the bands that influenced you a lot?

I grew up in a home that had a lot of music playing either on the record player or TV. The band that had the biggest impact on me was The Beatles. At that time there were many other artists I heard as well but music was really evolving quickly. I think the Helter Skelter and Revolution were the first songs I heard with distorted guitars. After that there was Jimi Hendrix, The Cream, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath. Hence Heavy Metal was on the forefront.

Did you have the same musical taste and interest?

We all grew up on the same music though each indiviual in the band had his own favourites.

Did you have a clear vision of the musical path, that you wanted to follow?

Yes. I always just wrote what came to me and it always had the same hard raw energy.

How do you view or what do you think about that bands such as Rush, Anvil, Rapid Tears, Killer Dwarfs, Triumph, Helix etc. were the earliest Canadian ones and they put the country on the map of metal?

I’m glad that we happened when we did. It’s great to be part of that history!

What do you recall of the mid/late 70’s/early 80’s Toronto scene? How did it come into existence as a whole?

In the mid 70’s Toronto had a thriving rock bar scene that had evolved from the earlier folk & psychedelic rock scene. There were lots of clubs to play at that had a real stage, stage lights and full P.A. system with a soundman. All that made it possible for bands with a heavy sound to get out there and be heard. It was a great time for rock.

Which clubs did start opening their doors for metalheads as a whole?

There was The Gasworks, The Picadilly Tube, Larrys Hideaway, Yonge St. Station, The Nickelodeon, The Knob Hill and Rock & Roll Heaven to name a few.

Was it a healthy underground scene in Toronto at this point?

Toronto or Canada has never been a place that supported its metal scene. A band had to be really good to be allowed to play their original music. A lot of places would only book cover bands.

Brian Frank

What can you tell us about your early rehearsals? Did you start writing originals or were you jamming mostly on covers?

From day one we were working on our original material. A few years later we started playing some cover music just to get more gigs but that didn’t last long as we had released our first album.

In 1979 you entered the Comfort Sound Studios in Toronto to record your first demo. How would you describe this material? Did it really represent what you wanted to achieve the band with?

Very interesting you would know about those early recording sessions! We recorded three impressive songs entitled Androids, Aftermath, Preparation. It was our first time in the recording studio and I think things turned out pretty good in spite of our lack of recording experience. The songs were somewhat progressive. I think we started to tailor our material towards the more straight forward after that.

Your next effort was the Operation Airlift/Tomorrow single released by your own label Guardian Records/GWR Productions. Does it mean, there weren’t any labels interest in the band at this point? Was the demo shopped and spread around to attract any labels interests by the way?

To record those songs we went into a big studio called Sounds Interchange. It was where Black Sabbath had just finished recording their album Never Say Die!. We and our management decided to release it as a 45 rpm before even shopping it.

In 1981 bassist Jon Wein joined the band. Why did you part ways with Adam Sherban?

It was Adam’s own personal decision to leave the band, we didn’t have a problem with him.

How did Jon come into the picture exactly? Was he your first choice or did you audition several bassists before you recruited him?

We had to go through the mill of auditioning a number of bass players before we came across Jon. He seemed to fit the mold best so we stuck with him.

How about his musical background? Did he easily fit in the ranks of the band?

Jon had just returned from L.A. after some recording projects. He seemed to have the experience and he certainly had the desire to join the band.

In 1981 a second single saw the light titled Headbang. Was it a better representation of the band?

Headbang was our commercial offering to the music industry. It did get the point across that we were a rocking band but most of our songs were a bit heavier.

Chameleon Records put this single on the market. Is it correct that it was a small independent label that was operated by Carlene Osborne and Ken Doidge and they were a self-contained organization dedicated to exposing and promoting Canadian talent?

The label and studio was owned by Ken Doidge and Tom Atom. Carlene was an empolyee in the administrative department. They did their best but it takes a lot of money for any label to record and promote an artist properly.

With two newer tunes Discontent Intentions and Heart Of Predestination you appeared on the label’s compilation The Circuit. Were these tracks written exclusively for this material?

Actually, those songs were recorded there as demos before we had a recording contract with Chameleon. In a sense, those demos are what is on the Circuit album and now they are actually on the new release of the Cry For Mercy EP which is released on Sonic Age Records/Cult Metal Classics from Greece.

Did it open any doors for the band? Did you manage to attract the fans’ attention to the band?

I’m not sure what sort of success the Circuit had but it did achieve getting us the contract with Chameleon Records.

Rick Nemes

Do you still remember what kind of a deal did the label offer you? Were you satisfied with the conditions of Chameleon Records?

Yes, I remember the deal. It seemed the best at the time so we just went with it.

How about Attic Record that were based also in Toronto and had Anvil, Dagger, Razor on their roster?

Looking back, I think Attic Records had made us an offer but we had already signed the deal with Chameleon Records.

Do you still remember, when did you start working on your debut album, titled Honestly?

Yes, we began recording 1981. We already had over 50 songs to choose from. We went into the studio and recorded about 15 songs. Chameleon Records chose the songs for the Honestly album. Two other songs were released on The Circuit compilation album.

Because you had a change in the membership, did it put some delay in completing the material?

Yes, when Adam split it was a drag but we fortunately found Jon Wein within a couple of months. We erased Adam’s tracks and Jon redid them.

Most of the songs were written by you and Brian Frank. Does it mean, that you had a definite idea what you wanted to achieve the band with?

Yes. I had a definite idea of what I wanted to achieve. Unfortunately, the production didn’t achieve what I was hoping for.

Didn’t have the opportunity the other guys to conduce with any ideas to the songwriting?

All the other guys had suggestions here and there and they worked very well with me.

At which point did you enter the Cottingham Sound Studios to record the material? What about the recording sessions?

We had actually been in Cottingham sound the year before recording demos but it was in 1981 the album recording began.

How happened, that two tracks, Operation Airlift and Tomorrow have been recorded two years earlier at the Sounds Interchange?

Those songs were recorded previously at the same studio Black Sabbath recorded Never Say Die!. We thought it was a good idea to put them on the album.

How do you explain that on Honestly can be found a colorful mixture of mainly fast, hard, and sometimes very riff-oriented Heavy Metal numbers?

That really was our style. We actually had many more songs in the similar style that were great as well but were never properly recorded.

On the other hand, some songs like Wonderland or Tomorrow have a delicate N.W.O.B.H.M. feeling, right?

I don’t know what that means, but yes, those two songs were a bit more commercial.

Would you say that you were very deeply rooted in the Heavy Rock/Metal of the late 70’s, since the founding of the band dates back to 1977?

Yes, I’ve always like and played heavy guitar music. That is my preference.

Do you think, did the album have everything to be noticed? Was it a strong effort around those times?

It was our first album. I wish it could have been recorded and produced better but we were all just starting out including the engineer, producer and record company. The record label didn’t have enough money to really push the album.

Were there any shows, gigs in support of the record?

Yes, there were a bunch of shows and the record actually got radio airplay which really helped.

Your last release was the Cry for Mercy EP in 1984. Did it much more represent what Rapid Tears were about?

Yes, it was done in a better studio which brought out the heaviness of the band.

Where do you see the differences and similarities compared to Honestly?

The production of Cry for Mercy is much better. We were always heavy though!

Did you offer classy Power Metal on Cry for Mercy, which is much harder than the sound of the debut?

I think it’s a matter of the production that makes it seem that way.

Great riffs, precise drums and a clearly enhanced singer refine hits like Cry for Mercy or Electric Shockwave. What are your thoughts about it?

I was much happier with that album. Still there were so many songs that were never recorded. It’s a real shame!

How do you view, that it isn’t quite as fast as the songs on the debut, but the tracks are all more powerful and in terms of quality another increase?

We had lots of new fast songs but again, the record company chose the songs. Also the budget and time factor is why it was only a four song EP.

In 1985 Rick Nemes quit and joined Lethal Presence, then Infernal Majesty. He was replaced by Steve Letterman; how did he get in the picture exactly and how much time did he spend in the band?

Funny you would know that! Steve only played one show and that was our last show. Sadly!!

Did you record any materials with him?

No.

What were the reasons of the band’s demise? What did all of you do once Rapid Tears broke up?

I really tried to keep it together, but everyone was heading in different directions. I continued to write with Clayton. Also with Brian separately, but no one wanted to continue as Rapid Tears at that time. It was very sad for me!!

Maybe being on what seems like a relatively small label didn’t help you break through and back then that often spelled the end of a promising band…

Anyway. That is what made all the difference. I’m sure that if we had been picked up by a bigger label everything would have turned out quite different.

Mike J Miller in the heayday of Rapid Tears…

What were your views on the Toronto scene at this point, when younger outfits such as Sacrifice, Infernal Majesty, Lethal Presence, Massacre, Dark Legion, Death Militia, Razor, Beyond etc. started trying their wings?

It was kind of a drag having the band break up watching these other guys following in our footsteps.

Do you agree with that Anvil found its greatest popularity outside Canada, as did several of the Heavy Metal bands that followed in the 1980’s?

Toronto has always SUCKED when it comes down to supporting HEAVY METAL. The city is lame and has no respect for its own talent especially HEAVY METAL.

Rapid Tears had a one-off reunion show on September 1, 1986. Can you tell us more about it?

Actually, that was the show with Steve Letterman. One show only!

At the late 90’s you’ve been in Castle Of Pain (including former Infernal Majesty members Rick Nemes and Steve „Psychopath” Russell). How long did this outfit exist? How would you describe it musically?

It was quite heavy and dark. It would have been OK, but it turned out to be a disaster.

Why the band failed to continue? Did you have any material recorded besides the one song demo Dungeon of Doom?

That’s the only one to get released though there were two more songs in the works.

The band also appeared on Overload: A Tribute to Metallica covering King Nothing, correct?

Yes.

What about Adrenalin and Touch?

Touch was my first band from my high school days. When we all finished high school the other guys went to university and I moved to Toronto to start Rapid Tears. Adrenalin was a continuation of my writing efforts. Clayton played on the album, too. That album Dedicated is an excellent album and actually got some proper record label support for a while. That band also fizzled out because of personal problems.

These days you are in your own band MJM with two Hungarian rooted musicians, Zsolt Henczely on bass and Stephany Dudas on vocals, in the ranks…

Yeah, it’s great!

So far you released four albums; can you tell us any details regarding those materials?

With so many failed attempts at making the big times which I blame most of it on band members and record labels, I decided to go solo where I didn’t have to depend on a singer that could screw things up and use my own name that nobody could change. The first MJM album Ascension is half-instrumental, I’m not thrilled with my vocals on that record. The second MJM album Valley of the Kings is a great album. Unfortunately not enough record company support! The third MJM album Instrumental is a compilation of all my guitar-oriented instrumental songs from different albums that I have written. The first song, Resurrection is actually from the Adrenalin Dedicated album. The songs Ascension, Mountain Boogie, Native Sun, Prelude, the Chase & The Dark/Meltdown are from the MJM Ascension album. The songs Medicine Ball & Backstreet are from the Valley of the Kings album. The two songs Mind Warp & Feather were bonus songs released early that are currently on MJM IV, one of my finest pieces of work! You can learn about MJM at www.mjm.global. The MJM Youtube Artist channel is: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtSVmayhMuhmmmb8JCIegbQ or search Michael J Miller band on YouTube. MJM on Facebook is: https://www.facebook.com/mjmrocks.

Michael, thanks a lot for the interview! What are your closing words for our readers?

Dear readers, thank you for your interest in Rapid Tears! If God willing, there will be another Rapid Tears album. If you are a musician, practice hard, learn how to write songs and how to record! Do it for the love of music but the music business might not love you back! Being in the music business without proper record company support is like trying to pull a two ton wagon up a mountain with no help. Try your hardest! Praise God! Michael J Miller, MJM

…and now

#interjú

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vamonumentlandscape · 3 years

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Lexington: VMI, W&L, and more

After traveling from our college campus on a winding road for about an hour through the Blue Ridge Mountains, we reached the historic town of Lexington, Virginia. Home to two notable institutions of higher learning that continue to contemplate their ties to famous Confederate Generals, Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson, we knew that a stop in this tiny place was an essential stop during our travels. With the varying opinions in the public of what to do with this history, Lexington is ripe with ongoing discussions, and we sought to make a stop at each current site of controversy or recent action.

We were lucky enough to get a decent parking spot that was close to the modest home of General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson and Mary Anna Jackson, his second wife. Tickets to see the site were at an affordable price in the gift shop, and we quickly meandered through the small exhibition just beyond the cashier. We learned various facts about Jackson’s life, his legacy, and also that the building housed a hospital from 1907 to 1954 before turning into a museum. Artifacts and displays did not romanticize the life of Jackson, but we were not starstruck by any means. However, when we began the self-guided tour of the home, the first stop was the kitchen and slave quarters in the basement. Right away, we were provided grounds for comparison to the lived experiences of slaves and those of the Jacksons upstairs. Though we were following along okay with tour videos provided on the museum website, we met a historical interpreter named Brian who had been working at the museum for decades. We found out through Brian that the staff had been sharing the enslaved narratives since the house became a museum. Though the Jackson family did not own as many slaves as other rich families in the Antebellum South, we felt some sense of relief that the presence of the enslaved was a permanent element of any visit to the home. We passed through the upstairs dining room, the bedroom, a study, and a sitting room, while also learning about the short-lived marriage between Stonewall and his first wife, Elinor Jackson. The marriage only lasted such a short time because she died in childbirth. Two years before the end of the Civil War in July of 1863, Stonewall was mortally wounded accidentally by one of his men. He never returned to his home in Lexington after leading a brigade out of the nearby Virginia Military Institute, where he had taught for a brief time. By 1865, the Union won the war, and Mrs. Jackson had to free the family’s enslaved workers. David informed us that Mrs. Jackson was dumbfounded in finding out that an enslaved woman was dissatisfied with her family being in bondage. Mary Anna said something along the lines of “We had been through everything together.” Though Stonewall did not speak vehemently in favor of the peculiar institution of enslavement of human beings, he did believe in his Christian faith not giving him any moral right to question its existence. This was probably the most important detail that we learned from David during our visit, and we believe it is grounds for serious discussions of revisions in how Stonewall Jackson is remembered throughout the South, especially in Virginia. While he is a hero to some, he is reviled by others.

On our way to Oak Grove Cemetery, formerly Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery, we saw a few historic churches, a veterans memorial, and historic signs by the Righteous and Rascals of Rockbridge. The best part of our walk however, was my (Tomi’s) trip into the Rockbridge Republicans headquarters. I walked into the headquarters to see a small area, no bigger than 16x12 feet. Two women were in the small room, one at a desk and the other right across from her. It was somewhat dark, filled with signs for Glenn Youngkin, old Trump signs, and other Republican names known to those in Virginia. The sign that caught my eye first was “Retain the Name” in reference to Washington and Lee’s possible name change. I walked in and asked the two women what the organization did in Lexington and that I was a student doing research from Randolph College. The response I got was much more elaborate than I could have asked for. The woman at the desk began to speak, but was cut off by the other. She told me they were trying to defend history. “They were like midnight riders when they came by and took down all the Confederate flags on the bridge”, “They (50 Ways Rockbridge) want to erase all of our history”, “There was no vote to change the name of the cemetery! (Oak Grove) The city just did it!” “The Generals Redoubt is an organization we align with about keeping Washington and Lee’s name the same.” All the things she was saying came from the simple question that I posed. All I could do was smile and nod with the bombardment of information. Her passion for the preservation of the Confederate flags on city bridges, supporting Generals Redoubt, and wishing the cemetery still kept it’s old name are all valid beliefs she is entitled to have. However, the misinformation she believed and was spreading is not. When she said that the city had removed the flags and Stonewall’s name from the cemetery without a vote, I knew that this was not true. According to the Richmond Times-Dispatch, Lexington’s city council voted and made the decision in 2011 to remove the Confederate flags from city poles and in 2020 about the name change for Oak Grove. Nothing good can ever come from the spread of misinformation. I spoke with the other woman, who agreed with the beliefs of her colleague, but did not express them in the same way. She mainly expressed that she wanted to keep the history in Lexington alive. She informed me that she was born in the Stonewall Jackson Hospital in its last year, so she didn’t want to see such an important place to go away. Thankfully, I could enlighten her from our previous visit to the home, they preserved that history and Stonewall Jackson’s as well. In this conversation, I learned from these women how easy it is to be uninformed by choice. Nothing is wrong with being a Republican. Nothing is wrong with having these views. We are all entitled to our opinions as this is America. There is something very wrong with spreading and believing information that is incorrect.

In the last paragraph, 50 Ways Rockbridge was mentioned. This is an organization with “a group of concerned citizens from Rockbridge County, Virginia, working together to research, educate, and act on major issues that affect all of the 50 United States, especially Virginia and our local area. Our guiding political principles are inclusion and fairness.” This organization has worked to help the community with resources like PPE during COVID-19. They have a political agenda and have worked hard to create a more inclusive environment in Lexington. They are on the complete opposite side of the spectrum of the Rockbridge Republicans. It was very interesting to see one group condemning the other. We hope to chat with some of the board members of 50 Ways to see their dynamic in this small town.

Our visit to Oak Grove Cemetery, formerly known as Stonewall Jackson Cemetery, required us to make a short walk in the sweltering Summer heat of Central Virginia. When we reached the cemetery, we were quickly able to find the gravesite of the man whose home we had just visited. There were some strong storms the night before, so a few workers were clearing some downed trees around the tall memorial dedicated to Jackson. Though it was very loud and hard to take in the memorial as intended, we did not find much wrong with the statue or the pedestal. Sure, it was extravagant and grand in size compared to the other gravesites, but there was no troubling Lost Cause language that had bothered us in places like Monument Avenue in Richmond. Perhaps this is because the infamous United Daughters of the Confederacy or Sons of the Confederacy did not have much to do with its placement. Whatever the case may be, we do not feel that this statue has to come down. If a tourist wants to visit Jackson’s grave and leave a lemon (a tradition because he ate one before every battle), they are free to do so. If they do not want to seek it out, they do not have to. A memorial of this size at Jackson’s grave is less problematic than one on a busy municipal street. The renaming of the cemetery by the City government seems to be the most appropriate action and the furthest they should go.

Before stopping at the campus of Washington and Lee University, we got a quick bite at a unique Burger and Doughnut restaurant called Pure Eats. Though this is not a food blog, we thought it would be appropriate to highlight one of our favorite lunches of the Summer. It’s a small dive joint that every college town needs, but their burgers were especially fantastic. If there is one thing that Lexingtonians can agree on in their complicated environment, it is the food. After hydrating and freeing our faces from any embarrassing dribbles of ketchup and mayo, we headed up the hill to see VMI’s campus, their museum, and W&L to see the Lee Chapel, which is soon to be renamed.

After lunch we went to the fortress that is Virginia Military Institute. We drove around the circular campus multiple times to find a good parking spot to start off our visit. Finally reaching the museum after a long hike up stairs, we entered the glass doors to find an interesting smell. Sadly, as we found out from the museum clerk, there had been intense rainstorms that had flooded the lower part of the museum. We were only able to look around the first level, which was the history of VMI. Before looking around the museum, we spoke more with the clerk. We were just chatting about the museum when she got very emotional about how Jackson was being treated on campus. “He was a good man. He actually educated his slaves when it wasn’t allowed. I don’t understand why they are treating him this way. Hopefully something good will end up coming from it.” Her sympathies seemed oddly personal, we all wondered if this is a commonality among staff at VMI. We walked through the museum which went through the history of VMI from the beginnings to the present. The school began in 1839 to train young men for the Virginia Militia. As the oldest state-supported military college, it has a lot to be proud of and shows off the institution's many achievements. The museum did not shy away from talking about the more difficult history, but they did not tackle it in its entirety. The two main examples of the museum lacking the full story is about African American cadet, Adam Randolph and the issue of allowing women to attend. In talking about admitting African Americans to the college and Adam Randolph, the plaque stated he “left VMI after his third year to pursue other opportunities.” While this is true, the reason for him leaving was left out. The Richmond Times-Dispatch quoted Randolph for his reasoning to transfer to Hampton University: “I just kind of had it, VMI is a great school- but it’s not for everybody.” The article explained the institution’s ties to the Confederacy with statues and traditions like playing “Dixie” at sporting events “troubled” Randolph’s mind. With women attending the institution, the museum blatantly left out the firm opposition VMI felt to women becoming cadets. As detailed in Women in the Barracks: The VMI Case and Equal Rights, VMI was firmly against women attending the school and fought hard in court to avoid the integration of women on campus. The museum completely left this out. Going through the museum was an absolute must to understand the complex and interesting history of VMI.

On VMI’s campus we explored around to see where General Jackson’s statue once stood, but what caught our eyes most was the building right behind the former statue. “STONEWALL JACKSON” adorned the notorious barracks building named after the former physics professor at the school. As we were told in the Jackson House by a wonderful guide named David, Jackson wasn’t the beloved professor he has come to be known. He was a firm lecturer who struggled with expanding on the topic more than what the texts from books he read. Former students of Jackson felt as if he was very hard and unwilling to let go of his West Point ties to how he was taught. There is nothing wrong with the school honoring former teachers as they do throughout the campus with the naming of buildings. However, we feel as if Jackson has become a mythologized hero. His legacy at VMI is not one that is more important than another professor, but the institute has made it that way. As we see the building named for him, none of us are shocked or moved as this is understandable and a tradition for the college to do for former professors. But, what shocked us most was the blatant erasure of his name below Jackson’s own quote. “You may be whatever you resolve to be- Stonewall Jackson” is what the building used to read. Now, there is only the quote. There is a difference between reinterpretation and erasure of history. Taking down the statue of Jackson that literally put him on a pedestal makes sense. But, removing his name from his own quote is wrong. As with anything, we must give credit where credit is due. Keep his name with his own words or remove the entire quote. There should be no in between.

Though we were not able to get inside the Lee Chapel, we at least wanted to see the building that had been in the news of late. From what we gathered, the chapel will be split into two components - one being space for campus services at the university and the other being the tombs of Robert E. Lee and Mary Custis Lee. The Recumbent Statue by Edward Valentine depicts General Lee asleep on the battlefield. While the building is being returned to its original name of University Chapel, the tomb will remain intact. In doing so, W&L will continue to allow folks in to visit Lee’s tomb, but will not force all students to feel imposed by his presence while worshipping. Just outside in the quad, the statue of Cyrus McCormick and the obelisk for John Robinson have signage that offers honest interpretation for two men with troubling histories. Though McCormick is credited with inventing the mechanical reaper, his family enslaved many. In 1826, “Jockey” John Robinson sold his land to Washington College, now Washington and Lee University. 73 enslaved African-American women, men, and children were enslaved for ten years as a part of this purchase. By placing signs around these statues for historical context, the institution is acknowledging its past for a more just future. While the Board of Trustees decided that Lee will remain in the school’s name just a few weeks ago, going against the wishes of most of its faculty, the school is confronting its past adequately to appear open to increasing diversity and welcomeness for all.

#lexington #w&l #VMI #History #confederate #monuments #Lee #stonewall #pure eats

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