THE WORLD OF PARMENIDES – ESSAYS ON THE PRESOCRATIC ENLIGHTMENT by Karl Popper

On the traces of our thinking - Part One

„Bright in the night, with an alien light, Round the Earth she is drifting. Always she wishfully looks Out for the rays of the Sun.”

Philosopher of Science Sir Karl Raimond Popper admired the Presocratic philosophy throughout his lifetime. Popper considers the Presocratic speculations and cosmogony as the beginning of our history of science, especially with regards to epistemology and theoretical physics. It is believed that speculative philosophy began with the Ionians, including Thales of Miletus and his disciple Anaximander. They developed the method of critical approach or critical tradition: To approach an explanatory myth (critical revision of mythical poems such as Homer or Hesiod’s "Theogony") with critical eyes. Even today, the verification of a theory for its truthfulness is a special feature of science. However, one should not underestimate the importance of incorrect theories, which were able to justify the problem and refine the explanation in the first place through falsification, since they can lead to a finer awareness of the problem again through the refutation. With this following book, Popper wants to contribute to a better understanding of the Presocratic. In addition, he wants to illustrate with his explanations the thesis that "history is- or should always be, the history that serves to solve the problem (...)." Popper discusses the basic ideas of the early Greek philosophers and shows the development of a critical methodology with the legacy of the search for truth, illustrated in particular by the didactic poem by Parmenides and the parable of the two paths.

The importance of Presocratic ideas in today's science is found in the reconciliation and unification of contradictory assumptions: Nothing changes (Parmenides) and everything changes (Heraclitus). But how is change possible in the first place and how do we come to knowledge? It is a remarkable intellectual achievement to define different forms of knowledge and to distinguish intellectual thinking from knowledge in general. The revelation of the goddess (Ananke? Dike?) is a journey to the real and deceptive world. An experience of rapture must have distorted Parmenides' reality of life in such a way that he depicted this lightning-like illumination in this dualistic conception. The goddess, who describes the human world as false and deceptive, wants to reveal to Parmenides the secret truth about nature and reality, but also the false opinions of mortal men. As mentioned above, the dualistic concept can also be found in the textual form: The poem is divided into two parts and begins with an introduction (Proömium). The first path is described as the Path of Truth (or the Path of True Knowledge) and the second path as the Path of Human Conjecture (Path of Conjectural Knowledge). The second part has survived only in fragments, the incompleteness is illuminated by Plutarch's reports, whereas the first part caused a sensation and was often quoted and copied. In the first part, "The Path of Truth", the Goddess presents a radically rationalist and anti-sensualist epistemology and then leads to a purely logical proof, culminating in the thesis that there can be no movement and that the world is in truth made up of a motionless, gigantic, homogeneous and massive spherical block where nothing can happen:  Neither past nor future. This world stands in sharp contrast to the world of apparitions in part two, The Path of Human Conjecture. This is the world as ordinary mortals experience it, the rich and varied world of movement, change, development, the colourful world of opposites, the world that distinguished night and light. Dualistic-World-Concepts arise from the preoccupation with the question of the first substance, or in this particular case, one assumes a twofold building material (e.g. spirit > < body ; subject > < object).

“Listen! And carry away my message when you have grasped it! Note the only two ways of inquiry that can be thought of: One is the way that it is; and that non-being cannot be being. That is the path of Persuasion, Truth’s handmaid; now the other! The path is that it is not; and that it may not be being. That path- take it from me! – is a path that just cannot be thought of. For you can’t know what is not: It can’t be done; nor can you say it.”

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There's a strong link between the way moids treat cattle/animals and the way they treat women. Believing they're here for moids to use as they see fit, keeping them in enclosures to extract from them while claiming to protect them when they've forced them to be dependent on moids, forcing them to reproduce so they can have more fodder to exploit, and domesticating them.

Saw a video of torture devices that were used on women that were anything but quiet docile submissive slaves. Considering this and things like the witch trials, authorities turning a blind eye most times when moids kill women but imprisoning women who fight back against abusers, moids impregnating -raping- girls whose bodies hadn't developed yet (which could be a contributing factor to why we have a huge gap inbetween our physical strength) moids seeking younger women & girls to reproduce with because these women wont have reached a level of self actualisation to realise how pathetic the xy is, etc. I believe that moids have -attempted to- domesticate women through femicide as well as social punishments & torture.

Emphasis on "attempt" because I dont think women are naturally the empathetic emotionally observant yet mindless mommy bangmaids moids want them to be. There are a few far gone but most just act in a manner that pleases maIes to survive. The difference in womens behaviour when there's maIes around vs when there's not is the biggest telltale sign of this.

Women who weren't useful to maIe supremacy were killed off or brutalised into conforming. Women who conformed went on to reproduce.

This reddit post from the (rip) blackpillfeminism sub explains this concept so well:

This is all something that explains our environment. The war has been fought & the damage has been done. What we see/live today are consequences of the aforementioned. Moids have taken everything from women they are literal terrorists they wont change & cant be forgiven idgaf. Most we can do is save possible lives going through this by refusing to add to it.

Side note; I'm not saying this to absolve anybody of responsibility. In the end moids choose to be evil & women choose to love n worship them so long as other women to be shields are around. My point is about how maIe terrorism has shaped womens behaviour/being as a whole. Those who are separatists/blackpilled wouldn't reproduce so our ideologies & systems die when we die. Sure there's outliers of every batch so I dont think the concept entirely will die but it's maIe supremacy that has systems guaranteeing its ingrained continuation.

*I guess for this one Garrison would also be working in the lab, but made some sort of deal with Curtain and betrayed everyone. The fact that Curtain calls Milligan a “chemist with a conscience” would imply Milligan was offered a similar deal but refused.

The only other character i think abt as much as i do gouenji is kageyama. I know everybody think it's kidou for how much i also posted abt him, but the things i've thought abt him is also sometimes just a byproduct of thinking abt kageyama whom i get too much brainworms from (which stops me from articulating my thoughts)

It's just. Look Madarame holds a lot of contempt for professional artists and art critics. He clearly things they're stupid pretentious assholes and that's why he made The Sayuri mysterious.

If the timeline lined up such that Madarame didn't know but also he could be Yusuke's dad, I think he'd milk the "if you idiots didn't recognize how great I was earlier then I could have made the money to treat the mother of my child feel bad for me..." for all it was worth, without checking if he actually was right.

And then it wouldn't even fundamentally change the nature of Madarame and Yusuke's relationship because he's already Yusuke's dad in every other possible way!

I’ll keep my opinion on the matter to myself.

I do want to remind people to stop speculating. What you don’t realise is that you might start a whole chain of narratives that can be damaging for either party and could actually harm them.

Don’t create or participate in creating a narrative that might not be true. People can be really nasty, simply based on what they see online. Don’t give anyone the chance to be nasty. And definitely don’t bring other kp boys into this.

Social media is not a court (or any other form of appropriate legal setting). Learn when to shut up.

ADDING ONTO THE MOUSE=PENNY THEORY

WHAT IF THE ALLUSION THERE IS JIMINY CRICKET???

I just realized I said 'jumpscare' during a lecture, no wonder a student called me cringe

Guys the body and soul dichotomy has been surpassed for a while now this is a given

THE WORLD OF PARMENIDES – ESSAYS ON THE PRESOCRATIC ENLIGHTMENT by Karl Popper

On the Traces of our Thinking - Part Two

What achievements have resulted from Parmenides theories for modern physical and mathematical science? -> On the one hand, he was the discoverer of the deductive method of proofing and, indirectly, of the hypothetical-deductive method. -> Parmenides emphasized that the unchangeable or immutable, could be self-explanatory and so also used as a starting point for explanation. This lead, according to Meyerson, to a search for Laws of Conversation, Law of Conservation of Energy and Conservation of Momentum. The same applies to the method of representing natural theories or laws of nature in the form of mathematical equations. -> The theories of Parmenides were the beginning of the Theory of Continuity of Matter and so the starting point of Cosmological and Physical School and their ongoing rivalry against Atomistic School. (from the question of the structure of matter to Schrödinger and modern quantum field theory) -> Aristotle calls Parmenides the indirect forerunner of the Greek Cosmological School of Atomists (Democritus and Leucippus developed their teachings by refuting Parmenides point by point, and so the  deductive system became a hypothetical-deductive system, it is seen as the first falsification of a deductive system; Falsity of Parmenides’ conclusions = Falsity of his premises)

Nevertheless, we should not forget that Parmenides is not the original author of all the ideas presented. As a disciple of the founder of the School of Elea, Xenophanes (~ all conceptions of the Gods are anthropomorphic and culturally contingent +  Believe in Absolute Truth ), he shared the theory of an ontology that any philosophical doctrine that assumes an absolute being, which can only be grasped by thinking and this absolute being opposes with becoming (because the absolute being “is”)  and the visible world as an illusion. The cosmogony is influenced by his first teacher Ameinias, who connected ideas of Anaximander, Pythagoras, Pherekydes… What was extraordinary about the school was the culture of debate and the phenomenon that the student was ambitious to correct and/or develop ideas of the teacher. Again, we have the importance of incorrect theories for the further development of (scientific) explanations.

"Do we know more today, or have we just heard that there is more knowledge?"

It was an exciting journey with Popper to the pre-Socratic ideas. The Socratic postulate of not-knowing also includes the idea of intellectual modesty. Each new achievement is a small step towards the truth, but also only a hypothetical solution to a scientific problem. In addition, with each achievement, the amount and degree of its difficulty also grows. Science does not contain certain knowledge, it is always revisable, improvable and as a verifiable conjecture, only conjectural knowledge. What I personally find particularly fruitful about Popper is that he can show so clearly and unambiguously (without religious haze) that even science, with its methods and models, is not an incontrovertible guarantor of truth. It is even extraordinarily unscientific to consider a theory to be irrefutable. Science must not serve as a henchman of industry and make its services dependent only on fashions and currents. Based on ethical principles, science should be at the service for coming nearer to the truth. Since Newton we are collectively confusing science with truth: The world of illusion and presumption (doxa or the Path of Human Conjecture) has become the “kingdom of the scientific truth”. But scientific research is an eternal quest: A quest to understand ourselves and the world(s) we live in better, a constant revision for better explanations, which will also be falsified as obsolete at some point of realization. But to what extent a realization is correct, which epistemology seems the most sophisticated for this operation? What can really be and what is being? What IS at all? I would like to end with a new-learned term that was first used by Xenophanes in the sense of "truth-like": ἐοικότα. Perhaps, in our thoroughly rationalized world, we cannot accept that humanity's biggest questions have become no less complicated. It is sad that most human-beings prefer to make false assumptions instead of having the tolerance not to judge hastily, to not name something and alas putting sensualism above metaphysical thoughts, because materialism is cognitive the easiest to grasp.

“But as for certain truth, no man has known it, Nor will he know it; neither of the Gods Nor yet of all the things of which I speak. And even if by chance he were to utter The perfect truth, he would himself not know it; For all is but a woven web of guesses.”

I ALMOST FORGOT ABOUT THIS ONE

Hehehe

Hi I'm the anon from the infamous love triangle question and yes I DO LOVE READING YOUR RANTS SORRY 😭😭 it's cuz you do great analyses imo, I love reading them and sometimes they make me think :']

If it's not too much, what do you think of the new TD cast? I'm personally fond of them so far!

Hello, thank you so much anon! I really like writing analyses, and feel free to send in more of those asks. As for the new TD cast, I don't know too much about them, but I am excited! I've been rooting for Ripper even before I saw his name, and although I'm not into the popular fandom theories about him, I still like the guy. I don't know much about Priya, but after having an Indian best friend for more than 10 years, everytime I see an Indian character in media I must root for them, because it happens so infrequently. So I hope she goes far and has an interesting personality. I wish Chase's hoodie was blue instead of red. Then he would look like Carlos from the magic school bus. And Scary Girl has been a delight from the very beginning. Hope she does a lot. Also I think the outfits and character designs are fine. I can't wait to see how their season goes. I've never been a fan of TD while a season was ongoing, nor have I watched a single season blind. (I got into TD after watching those compilation moments on Youtube, so I was spoiled silly.)

also kristen bouchard is the funniest because she never takes responsibility for her actions EXCEPT when the alternative is to believe in the supernatural. woman who walks around saying she's never done anything wrong ever encounters the horrors once and goes "well actually the very palpable presence of the elevator demon is a manifestation of my guilt for sucking so so bad 😔"

man i really wanna talk about. aryin's relationship to justine but i feel like if i start i'm gonna just start crying

Getting out my "proud European citizen" hat and all to write this paragraph on "why should we choose you"