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adubsar · 9 months
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What does the name Ashurbanipal mean?
How does Ashurbanipal introduce himself?
What does the name Ashurbanipal mean in Akkadian language? Ashurbanipal was an ancient Assyrian king who reigned from 668 to 627 BCE. He was the last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, which was centered in Mesopotamia.
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Rassam Cylinder, a ten-sided clay cylinder that was created in c. 643 BC, during the reign of King Ashurbanipal (c. 685 BC - 631 BC) who ruled the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 669 - 631 BC.
It was discovered in the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh, near Mosul, present-day Iraq, by Hormuzd Rassam (3 October 1826 - 16 September 1910) in 1854.
In over 1,300 lines of cuneiform text, the cylinder records nine military campaigns of Ashurbanipal, including his wars with Egypt, Elam and his brother, Shamash-shum-ukin.
It also records his accession to the throne and his restoration of the Palace of Sennacherib.
The cylinder is the most complete chronicle on the life of Ashurbanipal.
There are some extracts from the cylinder below:
"I am Ashurbanipal, offspring of Ashur and Bêlit, the oldest prince of the royal harem, whose name Ashur and Sin, the lord of the tiara, have named for the kingship from earliest (lit., distant) days, whom they formed in his mother's womb, for the rulership of Assyria; whom Shamash, Adad and Ishtar, by their unalterable (lit., established) decree, have ordered to exercise sovereignty.
Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, the father who begot me, respected the word of Ashur and Bêlit-ilê (the Lady of the Gods), his tutelary (divinities), when they gave the command that I should exercise sovereignty.
In the month of Airu, in the month of Ea, the lord of mankind, the twelfth day, an auspicious day, the feast day of Gula, at the sublime command which Ashur, Bêlit, Sin, Shamash, Adad, Bêl, Nabû, Ishtar of Nineveh, Queen of Kidmuri, Ishtar of Arbela, Urta, Nergal, Nusku, uttered, he gathered together the people of Assyria, great and small, from the upper to (lit., and) lower sea.
That they would accept (lit., guard) my crown princeship, and later my kingship, he made them take an oath by the great gods, and so he strengthened the bonds (between them and me)....
By the order of the great gods, whose names I called upon, extolling their glory, who commanded that I should exercise sovereignty, assigned me the task of adorning their sanctuaries, assailed my opponents on my behalf, slew my enemies, the valiant hero, beloved of Ashur and Ishtar, scion of royalty, am I.
Egyptian Campaign:
"In my first campaign I marched against Magan, Meluhha, Taharqa, king of Egypt and Ethiopia, whom Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, the father who begot me, had defeated, and whose land he brought under his sway.
This same Taharqa forgot the might of Ashur, Ishtar and the other great gods, my lords, and put his trust upon his own power.
He turned against the kings and regents whom my own father had appointed in Egypt.
He entered and took residence in Memphis, the city which my own father had conquered and incorporated into Assyrian territory.
A swift courier came to Nineveh and reported to me.
At these deeds, my heart became enraged, my soul cried out. I raised my hands in prayer to Ashur and the Assyrian Ishtar.
I mustered my mighty forces, which Ashur and Ishtar had placed into my hands. Against Egypt and Ethiopia, I directed the march."
Rassam Cylinder records the reign of Ashurbanipal until c. 645 BC.
The latter years of his reign are poorly recorded, probably due to the fact that the Neo-Assyrian Empire was plagued with troubles.
One of Ashurbanipal's last known inscription reads:
"I cannot do away with the strife in my country and the dissensions in my family; disturbing scandals oppress me always.
Illness of mind and flesh bow me down; with cries of woe I bring my days to an end.
On the day of the city god, the day of the festival, I am wretched; death is seizing hold upon me, and bears me down..."
Rassam Cylinder is currently on display in the British Museum.
A truly remarkable, yet biased, insight into the reign of Ashurbanipal and the world in which he lived.
📷: © Anthony Huan
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ancientorigins · 1 year
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Sumer and its cities were the first firm foundations of human progress. The ancient Sumerians were an impressive civilization where the world’s first calendar, agriculture, plows, and divine brews shaped the course of history.
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midnightmusings69 · 1 month
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Underneath the moonlight’s glow,
the pages turn and words renew.
Each word,
a guide through dreamy dunes,
while shadows dance on silvery hues.
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wiirocku · 10 months
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Isaiah 37:4 (NKJV) - It may be that the LORD your God will hear the words of the Rabshakeh, whom his master the king of Assyria has sent to reproach the living God, and will rebuke the words which the LORD your God has heard. Therefore lift up your prayer for the remnant that is left.’ ”
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shatar-aethelwynn · 7 months
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Generally avoiding the news lately for my mental health obviously results in seeing things days (sometimes weeks) after they've occured. This is always fun when the thing I'm seeing is, once again, politicians taking the Bible out of context and my immediate response is, "Sir, I have things to say to you and you will not like it. Put that back in its proper context right now." I get to spend the next hour seething over it.
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rhianna · 4 months
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King’s Approval for Assyrian scribes
The Assyrian records read, on the other hand, as if they were the work of royal scribes, writing under the direct supervision of the kings themselves. The gods are described, and their varied relations to the world below are duly set forth. But the emphasis of the narrative appears to be given to the glory and the achievements of such great monarchs as Sargon and Asshurbanipal, as if a long line of scribes, writing directly for the king’s approval, had continued the chronicles from reign to reign.
Authors and their public in ancient times by George Haven Putnam http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/72922
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Restoration for Israel
1 But the Lord will have compassion on Jacob and will again choose Israel and will settle them in their own land, and aliens will join them and attach themselves to the house of Jacob. 2 And the nations will take them and bring them to their place, and the house of Israel will possess the nations as male and female slaves in the Lord’s land; they will take captive those who were their captors and rule over those who oppressed them.
Downfall of the King of Babylon
3 When the Lord has given you rest from your pain and turmoil and the hard service with which you were made to serve, 4 you will take up this taunt against the king of Babylon:
How the oppressor has ceased!    How his insolence has ceased! 5 The Lord has broken the staff of the wicked,    the scepter of rulers, 6 that struck down the peoples in wrath    with unceasing blows, that ruled the nations in anger    with unrelenting persecution. 7 The whole earth is at rest and quiet;    they break forth into singing. 8 The cypresses exult over you,    the cedars of Lebanon, saying, “Since you were laid low,    no one comes to cut us down.” 9 Sheol beneath is stirred up    to meet you when you come; it rouses the shades to greet you,    all who were leaders of the earth; it raises from their thrones    all who were kings of the nations. 10 All of them will speak    and say to you: “You, too, have become as weak as we!    You have become like us!” 11 Your pomp is brought down to Sheol,    and the sound of your harps; maggots are the bed beneath you,    and worms are your covering.
12 How you are fallen from heaven,    O Morning Star, son of Dawn! How you are cut down to the ground,    you who laid the nations low! 13 You said to yourself,    “I will ascend to heaven; I will raise my throne    above the stars of God; I will sit on the mount of assembly    on the heights of Zaphon; 14 I will ascend to the tops of the clouds;    I will make myself like the Most High.” 15 But you are brought down to Sheol,    to the depths of the Pit. 16 Those who see you will stare at you    and ponder over you: “Is this the man who made the earth tremble,    who shook kingdoms, 17 who made the world like a desert    and overthrew its cities,    who would not let his prisoners go home?” 18 All the kings of the nations lie in glory,    each in his own tomb, 19 but you are cast out, away from your grave,    like loathsome carrion, clothed with the dead, those pierced by the sword,    who go down to the stones of the Pit    like a corpse trampled underfoot. 20 You will not be joined with them in burial    because you have destroyed your land;    you have killed your people.
May the descendants of evildoers    nevermore be named! 21 Prepare a place of slaughter for his sons    because of the guilt of their father. Let them never rise to possess the earth    or cover the face of the world with cities.
22 I will rise up against them, says the Lord of hosts, and will cut off from Babylon name and remnant, offspring and posterity, says the Lord. 23 And I will make it a possession of the screech owl and pools of water, and I will sweep it with the broom of destruction, says the Lord of hosts.
An Oracle concerning Assyria
24 The Lord of hosts has sworn: As I have designed,    so shall it be, and as I have planned,    so shall it come to pass: 25 I will break the Assyrian in my land    and on my mountains trample him under foot; his yoke shall be removed from them    and his burden from their shoulders. 26 This is the plan that is planned    concerning the whole earth, and this is the hand that is stretched out    over all the nations. 27 For the Lord of hosts has planned,    and who will annul it? His hand is stretched out,    and who will turn it back?
An Oracle concerning Philistia
28 In the year that King Ahaz died this oracle came:
29 Do not rejoice, all you Philistines,    that the rod that struck you is broken, for from the root of the snake will come forth an adder,    and its fruit will be a flying fiery serpent. 30 In my pastures the poor will graze    and the needy lie down in safety, but I will make your root die of famine,    and your remnant I will kill. 31 Wail, O gate; cry, O city;    melt in fear, O Philistia, all of you! For smoke comes out of the north,    and there is no straggler in its ranks.
32 What will one answer the messengers of the nation? “The Lord has founded Zion,    and the needy among his people    will find refuge in her.” — Isaiah 14 | New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition (NRSVUE) New Revised Standard Version, Updated Edition. Copyright © 2021 National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States of America. All rights reserved worldwide. Cross References: Exodus 15:12; Exodus 20:5; Numbers 21:8; 1 Kings 14:10; 2 Kings 16:20; 2 Chronicles 20:6; Ezra 9:8-9; Job 18:16; Job 18:19; Job 21:26; Psalm 29:5; Psalm 47:1; Psalm 125:3; Isaiah 3:14; Isaiah 3:26; Isaiah 5:14; Isaiah 5:25; Isaiah 9:4; Isaiah 10:12; Isaiah 10:14; Isaiah 45:13; Ezekiel 26:20; Ezekiel 32:27; Nahum 3:6; Matthew 11:23; Matthew 23:35; Luke 10:15; Luke 10:18; Luke 12:45; Acts 4:28; Ephesians 2:12; 2 Thessalonians 2:4; Hebrews 11:10; James 2:5
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They will begin to fear the name of Jehovah: These things went on befalling them as examples, and they were written for a warning to us upon whom the ends of the systems of things have arrived...
“In the twenty-seventh year of Jer·o·bo’am the king of Israel, Az·a·ri’ah the son of Am·a·zi’ah the king of Judah became king. Sixteen years old he happened to be when he began to reign, and for fifty-two years he reigned in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Je·co·li’ah of Jerusalem. And he continued to do what was upright in Jehovah’s eyes, according to all that Am·a·zi’ah his father had done. It was only that the high places did not disappear. The people were still sacrificing and making sacrificial smoke on the high places. Finally Jehovah plagued the king, and he continued to be a leper until the day of his death, and he kept dwelling in his house exempt from duties, while Jo’tham the king’s son was over the house, judging the people of the land. As for the rest of the affairs of Az·a·ri’ah and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the affairs of the days of the kings of Judah? At length Az·a·ri’ah lay down with his forefathers, and they buried him with his forefathers in the City of David; and Jo’tham his son began to reign in place of him.
In the second year of Pe’kah the son of Rem·a·li’ah the king of Israel, Jo’tham the son of Uz·zi’ah the king of Judah became king. Twenty-five years old he happened to be when he began to reign, and for sixteen years he reigned in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Je·ru’sha the daughter of Za’dok. And he continued to do what was right in Jehovah’s eyes. According to all that Uz·zi’ah his father had done, he did. It was only that the high places did not disappear. The people were still sacrificing and making sacrificial smoke on the high places. He it was that built the upper gate of the house of Jehovah. As for the rest of the affairs of Jo’tham, what he did, are they not written in the book of the affairs of the days of the kings of Judah? In those days Jehovah started to send against Judah Re’zin the king of Syria and Pe’kah the son of Rem·a·li’ah. Finally Jo’tham lay down with his forefathers and was buried with his forefathers in the City of David his forefather; and A’haz his son began to reign in place of him.
In the seventeenth year of Pe’kah the son of Rem·a·li’ah, A’haz the son of Jo’tham the king of Judah became king. Twenty years old was A’haz when he began to reign, and for sixteen years he reigned in Jerusalem; and he did not do what was right in the eyes of Jehovah his God like David his forefather. And he went walking in the way of the kings of Israel, and even his own son he made pass through the fire, according to the detestable things of the nations whom Jehovah drove out because of the sons of Israel. And he kept sacrificing and making sacrificial smoke on the high places and upon the hills and under every luxuriant tree.
It was then that Re’zin the king of Syria and Pe’kah the son of Rem·a·li’ah the king of Israel proceeded to come up against Jerusalem in war and laid siege against A’haz, but they were not able to fight. At that time Re’zin the king of Syria restored E’lath to E’dom, after which he cleared out the Jews from E’lath; and the E’dom·ites, for their part, entered E’lath and kept dwelling there down to this day. So A’haz sent messengers to Tig’lath-pil·e’ser the king of As·syr’i·a, saying: “I am your servant and your son. Come up and save me out of the palm of the king of Syria and out of the palm of the king of Israel, who are rising up against me.” Accordingly A’haz took the silver and the gold that was to be found at the house of Jehovah and in the treasures of the king’s house and sent the king of As·syr’i·a a bribe. At that the king of As·syr’i·a listened to him and the king of As·syr’i·a went up to Damascus and captured it and led its [people] into exile at Kir, and Re’zin he put to death.
Then King A’haz went to meet Tig’lath-pil·e’ser the king of As·syr’i·a at Damascus, and he got to see the altar that was in Damascus. So King A’haz sent U·ri’jah the priest the design of the altar and its pattern as respects all its workmanship. And U·ri’jah the priest proceeded to build the altar. According to all that King A’haz had sent from Damascus was the way that U·ri’jah the priest made it, pending the time that King A’haz came from Damascus. When the king came from Damascus, the king got to see the altar; and the king began to go near to the altar and make offerings upon it. And he continued to make his burnt offering and his grain offering smoke and to pour out his drink offering and to sprinkle the blood of the communion sacrifices that were his upon the altar. And the copper altar that was before Jehovah he now brought near from in front of the house, from between his altar and the house of Jehovah, and put it at the north side of his altar. And King A’haz went on to command him, even U·ri’jah the priest, saying: “Upon the great altar make the burnt offering of the morning smoke, also the grain offering of the evening and the burnt offering of the king and his grain offering and the burnt offering of all the people of the land and their grain offering and their drink offerings; and all the blood of burnt offering and all the blood of a sacrifice you should sprinkle upon it. As for the copper altar, it will become something for me to take under consideration.” And U·ri’jah the priest went doing according to all that King A’haz had commanded.
Furthermore, King A’haz cut the sidewalls of the carriages in pieces and removed from off them the basins; and the sea he took down off the copper bulls that were underneath it and then put it upon a stone pavement. And the covered structure for the sabbath that they had built in the house and the king’s outer entryway he shifted from the house of Jehovah because of the king of As·syr’i·a.
As for the rest of the affairs of A’haz, what he did, are they not written in the book of the affairs of the days of the kings of Judah? Finally A’haz lay down with his forefathers and was buried with his forefathers in the City of David; and Hez·e·ki’ah his son began to reign in place of him.
In the twelfth year of A’haz the king of Judah, Ho·she’a the son of E’lah became king in Sa·mar’i·a over Israel for nine years. And he continued to do what was bad in Jehovah’s eyes, only not as the kings of Israel that happened to be prior to him. It was against him that Shal·man·e’ser the king of As·syr’i·a came up, and Ho·she’a came to be his servant and began to pay tribute to him. However, the king of As·syr’i·a got to find conspiracy in Ho·she’a’s case, in that he had sent messengers to So the king of Egypt and did not bring the tribute up to the king of As·syr’i·a as in former years. Hence the king of As·syr’i·a shut him up and kept him bound in the house of detention.
And the king of As·syr’i·a proceeded to come up against all the land and to come up to Sa·mar’i·a and lay siege against it for three years. In the ninth year of Ho·she’a, the king of As·syr’i·a captured Sa·mar’i·a and then led Israel into exile in As·syr’i·a and kept them dwelling in Ha’lah and in Ha’bor at the river Go’zan and in the cities of the Medes.
And it came about because the sons of Israel had sinned against Jehovah their God, who brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Phar’aoh the king of Egypt, and they began to fear other gods; and they kept walking in the statutes of the nations whom Jehovah had driven out from before the sons of Israel, and [in the statutes of] the kings of Israel that they had made; and the sons of Israel went searching into the things that were not right toward Jehovah their God and kept building themselves high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen clear to the fortified city; and they kept setting up for themselves sacred pillars and sacred poles upon every high hill and under every luxuriant tree; and there on all the high places they continued to make sacrificial smoke the same as the nations whom Jehovah had taken into exile because of them, and they kept doing bad things to offend Jehovah; And they continued to serve dungy idols, concerning which Jehovah had said to them: “YOU must not do this thing”; and Jehovah kept warning Israel and Judah by means of all his prophets [and] every visionary, saying: “Turn back from YOUR bad ways and keep my commandments, my statutes, according to all the law that I commanded YOUR forefathers and that I have sent to YOU by means of my servants the prophets”; and they did not listen but kept hardening their necks like the necks of their forefathers that had not exercised faith in Jehovah their God; and they continued rejecting his regulations and his covenant that he had concluded with their forefathers and his reminders with which he had warned them, and they went following vain idols and became vain themselves, even in imitation of the nations that were all around them, concerning whom Jehovah had commanded them not to do like them;
And they kept leaving all the commandments of Jehovah their God and proceeded to make for themselves molten statues, two calves, and to make a sacred pole, and they began to bow down to all the army of the heavens and to serve Ba’al; and they continued to make their sons and their daughters pass through the fire and to practice divination and to look for omens, and they kept selling themselves to do what was bad in the eyes of Jehovah, to offend him;
Therefore Jehovah got very incensed against Israel, so that he removed them from his sight. He did not let any remain but the tribe of Judah alone.
Even Judah itself did not keep the commandments of Jehovah their God, but they went walking in the statutes of Israel that they had made. Consequently Jehovah rejected all the seed of Israel and kept afflicting them and giving them into the hand of pillagers, until he had cast them away from before him. For he ripped Israel off from the house of David, and they proceeded to make Jer·o·bo’am the son of Ne’bat king; and Jer·o·bo’am proceeded to part Israel from following Jehovah, and he caused them to sin with a great sin. And the sons of Israel went walking in all the sins of Jer·o·bo’am that he had done. They did not depart from them, until Jehovah removed Israel from his sight, just as he had spoken by means of all his servants the prophets. So Israel went off its own soil into exile in As·syr’i·a down to this day.
Subsequently the king of As·syr’i·a brought people from Babylon and Cu’thah and Av’va and Ha’math and Seph·ar·va’im and had them dwell in the cities of Sa·mar’i·a instead of the sons of Israel; and they began to take possession of Sa·mar’i·a and to dwell in its cities. And it came about at the start of their dwelling there that they did not fear Jehovah. Therefore Jehovah sent lions among them, and they came to be killers among them. So they sent word to the king of As·syr’i·a, saying: “The nations that you have taken into exile and then settled in the cities of Sa·mar’i·a have not known the religion of the God of the land, so that he keeps sending lions among them; and, look! they are putting them to death, inasmuch as there are none knowing the religion of the God of the land.”
At that the king of As·syr’i·a commanded, saying: “Have one of the priests go there whom YOU led into exile from there, that he may go and dwell there and teach them the religion of the God of the land.” Accordingly one of the priests whom they had led into exile from Sa·mar’i·a came and began dwelling in Beth’el, and he came to be a teacher of them as to how they ought to fear Jehovah.
However, each different nation came to be a maker of its own god, which they then deposited in the house of the high places that the Sa·mar’i·tans had made, each different nation, in their cities where they were dwelling. And the men of Babylon, for their part, made Suc’coth-be’noth, and the men of Cuth, for their part, made Ner’gal, and the men of Ha’math, for their part, made A·shi’ma. As for the Av’vites, they made Nib’haz and Tar’tak; and the Se’phar·vites were burning their sons in the fire to A·dram’me·lech and A·nam’me·lech the gods of Seph·ar·va’im. And they came to be fearers of Jehovah and went making for themselves from the people in general priests of high places, and they came to be functionaries for them in the house of the high places. It was of Jehovah that they became fearers, but it was of their own gods that they proved to be worshipers, according to the religion of the nations from among whom they had led them into exile.
Down to this day they are doing according to their former religions. There were none fearing Jehovah and none doing according to his statutes and his judicial decisions and the law and the commandment that Jehovah had commanded the sons of Jacob, whose name he made Israel; when Jehovah concluded a covenant with them and commanded them, saying: “YOU must not fear other gods, and YOU must not bow down to them nor serve them nor sacrifice to them. But Jehovah, who brought YOU up out of the land of Egypt with great power and a stretched-out arm, is the One whom YOU should fear, and to him YOU should bow down, and to him YOU should sacrifice. And the regulations and the judicial decisions and the law and the commandment that he wrote for YOU, YOU should take care to do always; and YOU must not fear other gods. And the covenant that I have concluded with YOU, YOU must not forget; and YOU must not fear other gods. But it is Jehovah YOUR God that YOU should fear, as he is the one that will deliver YOU out of the hand of all YOUR enemies.”
And they did not obey, but it was according to their former religion that they were doing. And these nations came to be fearers of Jehovah, but it was their own graven images that they proved to be serving. As for both their sons and their grandsons, it was just as their forefathers had done that they themselves are doing down to this day.
And it came about in the third year of Ho·she’a the son of E’lah the king of Israel that Hez·e·ki’ah the son of A’haz the king of Judah became king. Twenty-five years old he happened to be when he began to reign, and for twenty-nine years he reigned in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was A’bi the daughter of Zech·a·ri’ah. And he continued to do what was right in Jehovah’s eyes, according to all that David his forefather had done. He it was that removed the high places and broke the sacred pillars to pieces and cut down the sacred pole and crushed to pieces the copper serpent that Moses had made; for down to those days the sons of Israel had continually been making sacrificial smoke to it, and it used to be called the copper serpent-idol. In Jehovah the God of Israel he trusted; and after him there proved to be no one like him among all the kings of Judah, even those who had happened to be prior to him. And he kept sticking to Jehovah. He did not turn aside from following him, but he continued keeping his commandments that Jehovah had commanded Moses. And Jehovah proved to be with him. Wherever he would go out, he would act prudently; and he proceeded to rebel against the king of As·syr’i·a and did not serve him. It was he that struck down the Phi·lis’tines clear to Ga’za and also its territories, from the tower of the watchmen clear to the fortified city.
And it came about in the fourth year of King Hez·e·ki’ah, that is, the seventh year of Ho·she’a the son of E’lah the king of Israel, that Shal·man·e’ser the king of As·syr’i·a came up against Sa·mar’i·a and began to lay siege to it. And they got to capture it at the end of three years; in the sixth year of Hez·e·ki’ah, that is, the ninth year of Ho·she’a the king of Israel, Sa·mar’i·a was captured. After that the king of As·syr’i·a took Israel into exile in As·syr’i·a and set them down in Ha’lah and in Ha’bor at the river Go’zan and in the cities of the Medes, over the fact that they had not listened to the voice of Jehovah their God, but kept overstepping his covenant, even all that Moses the servant of Jehovah had commanded. They neither listened nor performed.
And in the fourteenth year of King Hez·e·ki’ah, Sen·nach’er·ib the king of As·syr’i·a came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and proceeded to seize them. So Hez·e·ki’ah the king of Judah sent to the king of As·syr’i·a at La’chish, saying: “I have sinned. Turn back from against me. Whatever you may impose upon me I shall carry.” Accordingly the king of As·syr’i·a laid upon Hez·e·ki’ah the king of Judah three hundred silver talents and thirty gold talents. Therefore Hez·e·ki’ah gave all the silver that was to be found at the house of Jehovah and in the treasures of the king’s house. At that time Hez·e·ki’ah cut off the doors of the temple of Jehovah and the doorposts that Hez·e·ki’ah the king of Judah had overlaid and then gave them to the king of As·syr’i·a.
And the king of As·syr’i·a proceeded to send Tar’tan and Rab’sa·ris and Rab’sha·keh from La’chish to King Hez·e·ki’ah with a heavy military force to Jerusalem, that they might go up and come to Jerusalem. So they went up and came and stood still by the conduit of the upper pool, which is at the highway of the laundryman’s field. And they began to call out to the king, but there came out to them E·li’a·kim the son of Hil·ki’ah, who was over the household, and Sheb’nah the secretary and Jo’ah the son of A’saph the recorder.
Accordingly Rab’sha·keh said to them: “Please, say to Hez·e·ki’ah, ‘This is what the great king, the king of As·syr’i·a, has said: “What is this confidence in which you have trusted? You have said (but it is the word of lips), ‘There are counsel and mightiness for the war.’ Now in whom have you put your trust, that you have rebelled against me? Now, look! you have put your trust in the support of this crushed reed, Egypt, which, if a man should brace himself upon it, would certainly enter into his palm and pierce it. That is the way Phar’aoh the king of Egypt is to all those putting their trust in him. And in case YOU men should say to me, ‘It is Jehovah our God in whom we have put our trust,’ is he not the one whose high places and whose altars Hez·e·ki’ah has removed, while he says to Judah and Jerusalem, ‘Before this altar YOU should bow down in Jerusalem’?”’ Now, then, make a wager, please, with my lord the king of As·syr’i·a, and let me give you two thousand horses [to see] whether you are able, on your part, to put riders upon them. How, then, could you turn back the face of one governor of the smallest servants of my lord, while you, for your part, put your trust in Egypt for chariots and for horsemen? Now is it without authorization from Jehovah that I have come up against this place to bring it to ruin? Jehovah himself said to me, ‘Go up against this land, and you must bring it to ruin.’”
At this E·li’a·kim the son of Hil·ki’ah and Sheb’nah and Jo’ah said to Rab’sha·keh: “Speak with your servants, please, in the Syrian language, for we can listen; and do not speak with us in the Jews’ language in the ears of the people that are on the wall.” But Rab’sha·keh said to them: “Is it to your lord and to you that my lord has sent me to speak these words? Is it not to the men sitting upon the wall, that they may eat their own excrement and drink their own urine with YOU men?”
And Rab’sha·keh continued to stand and call out in a loud voice in the Jews’ language; and he went on to speak and say: “HEAR the word of the great king, the king of As·syr’i·a. This is what the king has said, ‘Do not let Hez·e·ki’ah deceive YOU people, for he is not able to deliver YOU out of my hand. And do not let Hez·e·ki’ah cause YOU to trust in Jehovah, saying: “Without fail Jehovah will deliver us, and this city will not be given into the hand of the king of As·syr’i·a.” Do not listen to Hez·e·ki’ah; for this is what the king of As·syr’i·a has said: “Make a capitulation to me, and come out to me, and eat each one from his own vine and each one from his own fig tree and drink each one the water of his own cistern, until I come and I actually take YOU to a land like YOUR own land, a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards, a land of oil-olive trees and honey; and keep living that YOU may not die. And do not listen to Hez·e·ki’ah, for he allures YOU, saying, ‘Jehovah himself will deliver us.’ Have the gods of the nations at all delivered each one his own land out of the hand of the king of As·syr’i·a? Where are the gods of Ha’math and Ar’pad? Where are the gods of Seph·ar·va’im, He’na and Iv’vah? Have they delivered Sa·mar’i·a out of my hand? Who are there among all the gods of the lands that have delivered their land out of my hand, so that Jehovah should deliver Jerusalem out of my hand?”’”
And the people kept silent and did not answer him a word, for the commandment of the king was, saying: “YOU must not answer him.” But E·li’a·kim the son of Hil·ki’ah, who was over the household, and Sheb’nah the secretary and Jo’ah the son of A’saph the recorder came to Hez·e·ki’ah with their garments ripped apart and told him the words of Rab’sha·keh.
And it came about that as soon as King Hez·e·ki’ah heard, he immediately ripped his garments apart and covered himself with sackcloth and came into the house of Jehovah. Further, he sent E·li’a·kim, who was over the household, and Sheb’nah the secretary and the older men of the priests covered with sackcloth to Isaiah the prophet the son of A’moz. And they proceeded to say to him: “This is what Hez·e·ki’ah has said, ‘This day is a day of distress and of rebuke and of scornful insolence; for the sons have come as far as the womb’s mouth, and there is no power to give birth. Perhaps Jehovah your God will hear all the words of Rab’sha·keh, whom the king of As·syr’i·a his lord sent to taunt the living God, and he will actually call him to account for the words that Jehovah your God has heard. And you must lift up prayer in behalf of the remnant that are to be found.’”
So the servants of King Hez·e·ki’ah came in to Isaiah. Then Isaiah said to them: “This is what YOU should say to YOUR lord, ‘This is what Jehovah has said: “Do not be afraid because of the words that you have heard with which the attendants of the king of As·syr’i·a spoke abusively of me. Here I am putting a spirit in him, and he must hear a report and return to his own land; and I shall certainly cause him to fall by the sword in his own land.”’”
After that Rab’sha·keh returned and found the king of As·syr’i·a fighting against Lib’nah; for he had heard that he had pulled away from La’chish. He heard it said respecting Tir·ha’kah the king of E·thi·o’pi·a: “Here he has come out to fight against you.” Therefore he sent messengers again to Hez·e·ki’ah, saying: “This is what YOU men should say to Hez·e·ki’ah the king of Judah, ‘Do not let your God in whom you are trusting deceive you, saying: “Jerusalem will not be given into the hand of the king of As·syr’i·a.” Look! You yourself have heard what the kings of As·syr’i·a did to all the lands by devoting them to destruction; and will you yourself be delivered? Have the gods of the nations that my forefathers brought to ruin delivered them, even Go’zan and Ha’ran and Re’zeph and the sons of E’den that were in Tel-as’sar? Where is he—the king of Ha’math and the king of Ar’pad and the king of the cities of Seph·ar·va’im, He’na and Iv’vah?’”
Then Hez·e·ki’ah took the letters out of the hand of the messengers and read them, after which Hez·e·ki’ah went up to the house of Jehovah and spread it out before Jehovah. And Hez·e·ki’ah began to pray before Jehovah and say: “O Jehovah the God of Israel, sitting upon the cherubs, you alone are the [true] God of all the kingdoms of the earth. You yourself have made the heavens and the earth. Incline your ear, O Jehovah, and hear. Open your eyes, O Jehovah, and see, and hear the words of Sen·nach’er·ib that he has sent to taunt the living God. It is a fact, O Jehovah, the kings of As·syr’i·a have devastated the nations and their land. And they have consigned their gods to the fire, because they were no gods, but the workmanship of man’s hands, wood and stone; so that they destroyed them. And now, O Jehovah our God, save us, please, out of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that you, O Jehovah, are God alone.”
And Isaiah the son of A’moz proceeded to send to Hez·e·ki’ah, saying: “This is what Jehovah the God of Israel has said, ‘The prayer that you have made to me concerning Sen·nach’er·ib the king of As·syr’i·a I have heard. This is the word that Jehovah has spoken against him:
“The virgin daughter of Zion has despised you, she has held you in derision. Behind you the daughter of Jerusalem has wagged her head.
Whom have you taunted and spoken of abusively? And against whom have you lifted up your voice And do you raise your eyes on high? It is against the Holy One of Israel!
By means of your messengers you have taunted Jehovah and you say, ‘With the multitude of my war chariots I myself —I shall certainly ascend the height of mountainous regions, The remotest parts of Leb’a·non; And I shall cut down its lofty cedars, its choice juniper trees. And I will enter its final lodging place, the forest of its orchard.
I myself shall certainly dig and drink strange waters, And I shall dry up with the soles of my feet all the Nile canals of Egypt.’
Have you not heard? From remote times it is what I will do. From bygone days I have even formed it. Now I will bring it in. And you will serve to make fortified cities desolate as piles of ruins.
And their inhabitants will be feeble-handed; They will simply be terrified and will be ashamed. They must become as vegetation of the field and green tender grass, Grass of the roofs, when there is a scorching before the east wind.
And your sitting quiet and your going out and your coming in I well know, And your exciting yourself against me,
Because your exciting yourself against me and your roaring have come up into my ears. And I shall certainly put my hook in your nose and my bridle between your lips, And I shall indeed lead you back by the way by which you have come.”
“‘And this will be the sign for you: There will be an eating this year of the growth from spilled kernels, and in the second year grain that shoots up of itself; but in the third year sow seed, you people, and reap and plant vineyards and eat their fruitage. And those who escape of the house of Judah, those who are left, will certainly take root downward and produce fruitage upward. For out of Jerusalem a remnant will go forth, and those who escape from Mount Zion. The very zeal of Jehovah of armies will do this.
“‘That is why this is what Jehovah has said concerning the king of As·syr’i·a: “He will not come into this city nor will he shoot an arrow there nor confront it with a shield nor cast up a siege rampart against it. By the way by which he proceeded to come, he will return, and into this city he will not come, is the utterance of Jehovah. And I shall certainly defend this city to save it for my own sake and for the sake of David my servant.”’”
And it came about on that night that the angel of Jehovah proceeded to go out and strike down a hundred and eighty-five thousand in the camp of the As·syr’i·ans. When people rose up early in the morning, why, there all of them were dead carcasses. Therefore Sen·nach’er·ib the king of As·syr’i·a pulled away and went and returned, and he took up dwelling in Nin’e·veh. And it came about that as he was bowing down at the house of Nis’roch his god, A·dram’me·lech and Shar·e’zer, his sons, themselves struck him down with the sword, and they themselves escaped to the land of Ar’a·rat. And E’sar-had’don his son began to reign in place of him.”
-2 Kings 15:1-7;32-35 & 16-19, NWT
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tenth-sentence · 1 month
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