Collaborative Writing: Tips for Co-Authoring Research Papers
Collaborative research is an integral part of academic work, and co-authoring research papers is a common practice in the scholarly community. By combining the expertise of multiple individuals, you can produce high-impact research. However, successful collaborative writing requires effective communication, coordination, and a shared commitment to the project. In this blog, we'll explore valuable tips to ensure the success of co-authoring research papers.
Define Roles and Responsibilities
Before embarking on a collaborative research paper, it's essential to clarify the roles and responsibilities of each co-author. This includes determining who will lead the project, who will conduct data analysis, and who will be responsible for writing and editing. A well-defined division of labor sets clear expectations from the outset.
Establish Clear Communication
Open and effective communication is at the heart of successful collaboration. Ensure that all co-authors are on the same page regarding the research objectives, timelines, and milestones. Regular meetings, both in-person and virtual, can help maintain transparent and ongoing communication.
Choose the Right Tools
In today's digital age, there are numerous collaborative tools available that facilitate co-authoring research papers. Consider using platforms like Google Docs, Dropbox Paper, or specialized reference management software (e.g., EndNote or Zotero) to streamline the writing and revision process.
Set a Timeline
Develop a timeline that outlines the key milestones, from data collection to manuscript submission. Having a clear schedule ensures that the project progresses smoothly and that all co-authors are aware of deadlines.
Respect Each Other's Expertise
Each co-author brings a unique set of skills and knowledge to the table. Respect and acknowledge the expertise of your collaborators. This mutual respect can enhance the quality and depth of the research.
Collaboratively Plan the Structure
Work together to plan the structure of your research paper. Decide on the order of sections, headings, and subheadings. This planning stage can help maintain a consistent and coherent narrative.
Establish Authorship Order
Determine the authorship order, keeping in mind the conventions of your field and the contributions of each co-author. It's essential that authorship reflects individual contributions rather than seniority.
Data Sharing and Management
Ensure that all co-authors have access to the necessary data and research materials. Establish data management and sharing protocols to maintain transparency and accountability.
Review and Revise Collectively
Collaboratively review and revise the manuscript. Encourage co-authors to provide constructive feedback and be open to making revisions. This iterative process is key to improving the quality of the paper.
Address Disagreements Constructively
Conflicts and disagreements may arise during the collaborative process. Address these issues constructively, ideally through open discussions and compromise. It's necessary to assert a positive functioning relationship.
Proofreading and Editing
Consider professional proofreading and editing to ensure the paper's language, grammar, and style are of the highest quality.
Plan for Authorship Agreements
Before submission, create a clear authorship agreement that outlines the roles, author order, and expectations for all co-authors. This consent can serve as a extract point in case of debate or disagreements.
Acknowledge and Cite Contributions
Properly acknowledge and cite the contributions of each co-author in the paper. Ensure that all individuals who contributed significantly are appropriately recognized.
Collaborative writing can be a rewarding experience, leading to the creation of impactful research. However, it requires commitment, communication, and a shared vision. By following these tips, you can navigate the challenges of co-authoring research papers and produce high-quality work that advances knowledge in your field.
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To Need Another Person
I wrote yet another Restart Heart Fanfic! This is a sequel to The First Night, and takes place on the morning of Day 2 of the game. This is starring my MC, Maria Dust, and Ezra and Steph.
This fic is a re-write two scenes from the game put together, so canon lines/events/actions are used here or have been edited to fit the characterization of Maria Dust, but credit must go to the original. Please check out Restart Heart and support the dev here @restartheartvn, the game and the story are really amazing!
If you're interested in Maria in the context of this game, click here.
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You woke up to Ezra's limbs intertwined with yours. And the sound of vibration.
Reluctantly, you open your eyes. Your body felt so sore you thought you were going to crumble into pieces. You feel like that was an injustice, considering all the nonsense you were already going to have to go through from here on out, with cancelling an entire wedding and dealing with your family.
At least you got to experience some kindness yesterday. Ezra, Sammy, and Blaire's trip to the cafe and beach was more pleasant than you expected, considering your emotional state and your status of just being their acquaintance at the time. And then last night, with Ezra… he was so understanding. He even made you laugh.
You were grateful for it. But now that you were awake, there was no slipping back into a comfortable sleep with Ezra by your side.
You tried to move only to get a groan of displeasure from Ezra. He did not want you to leave and in the moment he reminded you of a cat. He grumbled, "Your phone has been going off for the past like, 10 minutes."
You blushed hard as you heard his voice in your ear, deep and mildly annoyed. His voice was normally pretty deep, but this was just insane. And you don't know why you didn't expect it to sound so close. You were cuddling.
Maybe you should stop cuddling. Act cool, for a change.
"How much has it been going off?" You ask as you carefully attempt to wriggle away.
Before he could respond, your phone started buzzing again. You let out a soft groan and reached over to grab the vibrating device. It was a text from Steph. Unusual. You opened the notification to see what the fuss was about.
Steph: [I'm outside, open the door in 10 seconds or I'm breaking it down.]
"Oh, it's just Steph," You yawned. "They're outside."
The gears in your head, previously turning painfully slow in your tiredness, sped up tenfold. Both you and Ezra jolt up and look at each other awkwardly. You couldn't help but stare at Ezra for a moment before quickly jumping out of bed, only for your legs to falter momentarily. What happened to your plan to act cool?
Before you could fall like a tragic baby deer, Ezra's arms shot out and caught you. An oddly tender moment passed as they looked at you a warm blush dusting their cheeks. However, the banging on your front door took precedence.
Embarrassed, you flung yourself from Ezra's hold, and shouted, "STEPH! Stop it! Give me a minute!"
You fumbled out of the bedroom, Ezra trailing behind, and as you swung the door open, still in pajamas and your hair a mess, you came face to face with Steph, who stared at you in disapproval.
"Why the fuck didn't you answer your phone??" They demanded, more cross than you expected.
"I just woke up!"
"And who is that?" Steph glared past you, somehow offended by Ezra's presence in your apartment.
Before you could turn around to introduce them, you felt Ezra gently place his hand on your shoulder. "I'm Ezra, I kept sugarsnap company last night."
You were about to turn to Ezra to nod in confirmation and continue the introductions, but Steph's reaction right in front of you kept you from looking back. They were shifting uncomfortably. And it was strange. Steph was practically never intimidated or made uncomfortable by someone else.
Feeling awkward, you gently nudged Ezra out of the way and stepped aside. "Come inside! I'm sorry for not waking up earlier, y'know how it is."
Steph nodded absentmindedly as they stepped into your apartment. For a moment you just stared at them, the fogginess of sleep and the sudden adrenaline of running out of bed starting to wear off. Steph was here. In your apartment. After what felt like ages of ignoring you or being too busy to even text. Your heart felt tight. And with Ezra here as well, already having comforted you last night over completely different emotional issues, you felt painfully awkward.
Steph wasn't looking at you when they said, "Yeah… did you mean to leave your window open?"
"Huh?" You followed Steph's gaze to your open living room window. "Oh! No, my roommate, Chris, usually leaves our windows open. No idea why, never got the chance to ask." You quickly moved to the window to slide it closed. "I wish he wouldn't, though. I know most bugs are dead or gone this time of year, but I really don't need to risk an infestation right now."
Steph turned back to you and smiled nervously. "Well, how are you feeling? You didn't text me much so I thought you might have… had a bad reaction to what happened."
You didn't like how they said that. You did text them yesterday. You called them multiple times the night of the party, when you were drunk and crying and Chris had to get you home. And now Steph was being vague?
Ezra spoke then. "No need to beat around the bush, I know what he did."
Oh. Right, Ezra being here was why Steph wasn't being direct. There wasn't another reason, like Steph not caring. You needed to stay calm. Steph was here.
And you could see Steph's growing discomfort. "Can I talk to you alone, Maria?"
"Yes," You said too quickly. Sheepish, you smiled at Ezra. "Ezra, Steph and I will be in my room for a bit. You can make yourself comfortable, or eat anything in the fridge."
Steph grabbed your hand and hurried you into your room as Ezra watched.
You felt tumultuous. Steph was here, and that was so important to you. You'd missed Steph so much for so long, and finally, they were here. You needed them. You had no idea how to say it. How to not burden them or make them want to distance themselves from you again. But this was a good first step, you could ask Steph to grab dinner with you, or watch a movie, just a time where you could talk, and--
Steph was scowling at you. You froze, surprised. You'd gotten into your head a bit for a second there, but why were they upset? Steph stared at you incredulously. "Are you serious, Maria?"
"I-- What? What do you mean?"
"While I get what happened really fucking sucked, what the hell was that?" They were pissed at you. "A fucking stranger? Really?"
Shit. You completely forgot about how this would look to Steph, having Ezra spend the night. Your body felt cold, and you gripped your arm tightly. "Ezra isn't a stranger. We're friends now. And we didn't have sex. They just sleptover."
You glare at the ground for a bit, resentment bubbling in your gut. Why did Steph accuse you of that? It's not like you, and they know it. And it wouldn't be fair of them to be angry if you did sleep with Ezra anyways. Your sex life was not their business. "What does it matter?" You continue. "It's not like you were here. You decided that work was more important than my wedding shower."
"Are you KIDDING me?!" Steph scoffed at you, causing your gaze to meet theirs. It was a bit of a low blow, and you knew it. Steph's schedule had always been a point of contention with them, but you were mad. And you were hurt.
They said, "You know I would've rather been there than at work, but I can't exactly quit my job for a fucking party, Maria!"
"It's not just a fucking party," You said through a clenched jaw. "It was one of the most important events in my life and you couldn't take off a single day."
"Well, I'm here now, aren't I?" Steph countered flippantly.
Your face was getting hot, and your impulse control was dropping. So you asked them something you'd wanted to know for months. "Steph, why did you never RSVP to my wedding?"
A deafening silence fell over the room. They were still displeased with you, but there was a new emotion there now. They hesitating. "Do you really want to know?"
"Yes."
Steph's unwavering gaze made you squirm a bit. "Alright. I didn't RSVP because… I didn't want you to marry Kenneth."
Your mind went blank, astonishment temporarily replacing your anger and pain.
They went on. "In fact, I hate Kenneth. Even before all of this shit came to light."
"What?" Your mind was racing. They hate Kenneth? Since when? College? High school? Not younger, couldn't be before then, not for all this time. How could they be saying such earth-shaterring things so blandly, like it was something casual?
They said, "I know that if I came to your wedding, I would not be able to stop myself. So I decided, for your sake and your happiness, to not go."
You rasped a question. "Why didn't you say anything?"
"I did."
"No." You said so harshly that Steph took a step back. "No, you really fucking didn't, Steph. You were always supportive. I can't think of a single time that you didn't support this marriage. You even helped him pay for an engagement ring!"
"Yeah, because he couldn't even remember your favorite fucking color, Maria!" Steph snapped defensively. "He didn't know what kind of jewelry you liked, and just assumed the gaudiest, most expensive thing would work! He thought you wanted all this extravagant, outlandish, and down right stupid stuff for the proposal."
Steph went on, unloading their feelings as if they'd been holding in a secret and were relieved to breathe again. "I helped him so much because I didn't want you to be sad. I didn't want him to fucking fail. Yet even with all that fucking help I gave him he still went and got your little sister pregnant."
Your heart was hammering. You couldn't hear much else besides the blood roaring in your ears. Steph showed up two days late after your life was ruined. Steph had scolded you for finding company in someone else when you were vulnerable. Steph had been avoiding you for months. Steph never even thought you should marry Kenneth to begin with. And now Steph was talking like that fact was their burden all this time.
Your voice came out strangely calm, teetering on the edge of fury, when you asked, "You know I was with someone who couldn't even remember my favorite color, and you just let me stay with them?"
It was like something clicked in Steph's head, and they faltered. "I just… I--"
The steadiness of your voice wavered only slightly, still holding back to bulk of your anger. "No, you knew how little he cared and you just let things stay that way? You let me stay with him?"
"Maria, I--"
Unable to hold back any longer, you shouted, "You didn't think to say, 'hey Maria! In case you were doubting the biggest decision of your life, here's proof that you're not crazy! You really ARE going to be miserable if you marry him because Kenneth doesn't give two shits about you!'"
Steph's eyes were wide, and they almost looked hurt. "You thought you were going to be miserable?"
"Of course I thought that!" You snapped. "I never asked for this marriage! I was doing it for my family!"
Steph definitely looked hurt now. You didn't know if they were guilty or if they pitied you, but it didn't matter. You were so, so angry. And you couldn't stop yourself from crying as you ranted on. "You are my best friend! I listen to you more than anyone! I would've heard you out of you just TALKED to me! Instead, what, you shut me out entirely because you thought I was an idiot for marrying a man like that?!"
"No, Maria--"
"Or maybe it IS all my fault!" You were hysterical. "Maybe I should've tried even harder to talk to you, and to stop the marriage sooner! But you're just pretending like you care when I called you the night it happened, and when I texted you yesterday morning and night, to no response."
A long silence went on after that. You weren't looking at Steph. You couldn't. You furiously rubbed at your face to force yourself to stop crying.
Distantly, almost monotonously, you heard Steph say, "It's my job to care about you. And I do. It's not pretending, Maria."
Bitterly, and uncaring if Steph heard you or not, you muttered, "You've done a poor job of it lately."
You heard a strained intake of air, and knew that you had hurt Steph saying that. Maybe it was deserved. Maybe it wasn't. Maybe you were both huge fuck-ups who needed each other, and maybe you needed to be apart. You couldn't entertain any possibility right now. You could already feel your overwhelming emotions starting to shut you down. With your face still covered by your hands and sleeves, you could vaguely see Steph's shadow on the floor, and that they were reaching out for you, but stopping just before contact.
"I'm sorry." They said quietly, and you saw their shadow move away. The floorboard creaked as they got close to your door. "You have my number if you need me."
You listened as they left your room. You listened as the front door clicked open and shut. And you crumpled onto the floor of your room.
You held yourself tightly as silent cries wracked you, willing the pressure to be enough to calm down already. You always hated crying, feeling so helplessly out of control. You didn't know why you yelled at Steph like that. You shouldn't have. You said way too much. You didn't say nearly enough. But you were so frustrated with everything, and so hurt, you couldn't stop yourself.
Hot tears streamed down your face as soft footsteps drew near. Deliriously, you thought it was Steph, but as warm arms enveloped you into a hug, you recognized instantly that you were wrong.
Fucking hell Maria, you actually forgot that Ezra was here. That's another tally for you being a rotten friend. Still, you let yourself settle into their embrace and let out a soft sob. Here they were, comforting you yet again, when you didn't really deserve it. Their body was warm, their hug gentle yet firm enough to help you feel a semblance of security. You needed to push down your shame for now, and focus on your breathing.
Ezra's voice was muffled against you as they said, "It'll be okay, sugarcube."
They let you cry for a while, before moving their hands to cup your face and look at you. You flinched at the sudden touch, and while they paused, they didn't move away, holding you so lovingly -- if you could even use such a word -- that it was almost cruel. With their thumbs, they wiped your tears, and your body relaxed further, very unused to such contact, but unwilling to reject how soothing it felt.
Once again, you had far too much you needed to say, and far too few words to do it. You let out a sad sigh. "Ezra…?"
"Yes, sweetness?"
"I'm sorry if this--"
"No. Don't apologize. I know what you're going to say. 'I'm sorry if this is a lot to handle since we hardly know each other.'" Ezra's hands moved down to your arms, rubbing softly, and they leaned foward to press a small kiss onto your forehead, making you jolt with surprise. Ezra leaned away again and stared into your eyes with a kind smile. "Please don't fret too much about them. You texted them and they never responded… What kind of friend does that?"
Your face fell and you looked away from their gaze. You didn't want to talk about Steph right now.
Ezra carried on. "I'll be here for you whenever you need me, okay?"
You nodded silently as Ezra helped you into a stand, before pulling you into another hug. Distantly, you wondered if maybe it would be fine to rely on Ezra a little more. They had been nothing but patient and genuine with you, supporting you through chaos despite not knowing you well at all. And their hugs were nice, so unlike physical touch with other people you don't know well. Maybe… Maybe it would be okay.
You suddenly felt a gentle bite on your shoulder, and you let out a surprised yelp, reeling back with a bewildered expression.
Ezra who gave you a playful smile. "Sorry, you're just really cute…"
Baffled, you said, "I'm cute enough to chomp??"
Ezra gave a short laugh and buried their face into your neck, squeezing you tighter. "Yeah. You are." Their face felt warm against your skin. Were they… blushing?
Before you could ponder this interaction further, you heard a phone buzz, and Ezra pulled away from you. You watched as Ezra pulled his phone out of his pocket and began reading the notification, then he re-read it. Their face fell, and he stood up suddenly. "Sugarsnap I am so sorry, but I really have to go. Eliana -- my little sister -- needs me."
Before you could say anything or even stand up, Ezra grabbed his stuff and was already halfway out your front door. However, he quickly gave you a tightlipped smile as he shut your apartment door behind him.
You sat on the floor in stunned silence, bizarrely calm again, with streaks of dried tears on your face, wild hair, and a terribly hoarse throat.
What on Earth were you going to do today?
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*a DING is heard on Kims phone*
Stephen: Kim I heard what happened are you alright?
.
.
.
.
Kim's eyes shoot open as she jolts up from her bed in a cold sweat, hand flying to her mouth just in time to muffle a scream. She pants wildly for a moment, curled in on herself as her pulse pounds in her ears and her vision swims.
Eventually, her pulse slows just slightly, leaving her just a little dizzy as her vision begins to clear.
(What... just happened to me?) She wondered, moving her hand from her mouth to her chest. (... When did I go to sleep?)
She frowns in confusion, looking around the room. Without a window, she'll need to check her phone to tell the time, but things look... well, the same, but different? She didn't quite remember most of these things being placed the way they were... or this room looking quite as lived in. The dissonance is begining to make her uncomfortable, heart rate picking up once again; she tries to take a deep breath as she feels around for her phone.
Thankfully, it's resting on the bed beside her, helpfully announcing itself with a buzz. (Well, that's fortunate,) she thinks idly, flipping it open with a practiced flick of her wrist.
She blinds herself with the brightness of the sceen for a moment, reeling back; blinking out the spots, she rubs at her eyes with her other hand as she settles back into the pillows.
(What's got me taking a nap or something at... oh, it's kind of late, actually. Assuming... do I have an early shift tomorrow or something...?)
She frowns, confused- until her eyes land on the date, and she shoots back up again, one hand flying up to her hair to pull at it.
(IT'S FEBRUARY?! Did someone- did someone mess with my phone?! What the hell-)
She quickly navigates to her messages, checking her new one first. She looks it over with intense scrutiny, trying as hard as she can to figure out what happened.
(What the hell is he talking about? What do I-)
Kim taps her index finger against the side of her phone for a long while, biting her lip. She feels nauseous; something seems very, very wrong here.
I don't know what you're talking about, so I don't know?
I feel like that's not a good sign.
I just woke up; did I go on a bender or something?
After she sends the messages, and stops herself from sending any more, she backs out of their texts to check her others.
They're fairly dead, for the most part, usually; large gaps of time between them, save for her texts with Scott, Ramona, and Hollie, typically. But trying to check them, she frowns, finding a rather curious irregularity. While her texts with Hollie seemed fine, for the most part, a couple were garbled- and when she looked at her conversations with Scott, they seemed to have stagnated for a time, and then also became filled with similar, uncomprehensible symbols and spam. Worst yet was her messages with Ramona- strings of broken text climbing up the screen and blotting out the whole of it, nearly. Something in her chest twinged at that, though she wasn't entirely sure why...
(How did this even... what...)
The only "recent" message Kim can find that sparks a similar feeling is one from Julie- a reminder about a party. Curiously, the message IS partly garbled- notably, where it would be telling her what the party is for- but the date remains visible.
(New Years... has passed....?)
She sets her phone down, putting her hands over her face as she lets her thoughts swirl around. She tries desperately to get herself to remember.
(What the fuck is wrong with me? What happened? Why can't I REMEMBER?!)
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How to write a first-class dissertation proposal
Writing a dissertation proposal is a significant and challenging task. Challenging because you must write a proposal that will persuade and convince the assessor to approve your research idea.
In layman’s terms, you must write a well-structured proposal that can represent your research idea in a simple yet effective format.
You must answer all of the whys and provide a compelling reason for the assessor not to turn down your proposal. Don’t be concerned if you find it difficult. In this article, we will discuss how you can write a convincing dissertation proposal.
What is a dissertation proposal?
Let’s start with the basics and work our way up. What is the definition of a dissertation proposal?
A dissertation proposal is a brief essay that summarizes your research objectives. The goal of writing this proposal is to demonstrate your discipline and provide a comprehensive overview of your research to the advisor and committee.
You must persuade the committee that your research topic is worthwhile, contributes to the field, and is viable to complete in the time and resources available.
If you could not convince the committee on the above points, your proposal is deemed to turn down regardless of how exciting the idea is sound to you.
Select a topic for your dissertation proposal
Choosing a topic is a critical step in developing your dissertation proposal. Because this is the foundation of your entire proposal, it must be unique, clear, and interesting.
The topic should be something that you are interested in so that you can work on it for weeks or months. Before settling on a topic, be specific and conduct extensive research. Remember that you must write the proposal within a certain word count, so the topic should not be too specific or vague.
You can seek guidance from your mentor and make your decision based on their advice. They understand the subject and have extensive knowledge, so they can provide you with better advice.
Body of the dissertation proposal
When you’ve decided on a topic, the next step is to develop a structure for writing your dissertation proposal. You must be aware of the proper format for writing a dissertation proposal. The proposal should include the introduction, main body, and conclusion.
Let’s go over these points quickly:
Introduction
The introduction is the first section that the assessor will read, so it must include all pertinent information about your research. Give specific information about your topic. Make a proper layout for the thesis and how your chosen topic can contribute to the field. Maintain detail, crispness, and clarity in your introduction.
Main body
The main body usually consists following points:
Methodology
In this section, you must describe the method you will use to collect and process your data. You could provide relevant references in the form of a questionnaire, survey, or data source. Overall, you must provide specific details about how you intend to conduct your research. Why did you choose certain methods, and so on?
Objectives and Goals
As implied by the title, you must discuss the research’s goals and objectives in this section. What are the main issues you’re supposed to solve? What are the goals of your research? Etc.
Literature Review
In this regard, you can provide relevant references drawn from existing research in your field that is similar to yours. This will assist you in demonstrating the significance of your research and how it can benefit the community. You should mention the key sources that helped you conduct your research. In fact, if you are citing other studies, you can mention the flaws (if any) you discovered and how you are going to avoid them in your work.
Limitations
There may be some limitations to the proposal or the topic you wish to research. You can discuss those restrictions in this section. This demonstrates that you conducted thorough research on your topic and engaged effectively. It also shows that you have a broader perspective on the concept.
Ethical Considerations
In this section, you must address the ethical consideration of your topic and research. Such as the permission of the participants and all of the people referred to in your proposal, etc.
Timeframe
The time frame refers to how long it takes you to complete the work. Such proposals most often include a time frame, and you can describe the process and the time it takes to complete the whole work.
Conclusion
The conclusion is not essential, but it should be included in your proposal. It will increase the visibility of your proposal. In this section, you can also provide a complete brief and expected outcome for your proposal.
Make a reference list.
The reference list is critical throughout your PhD. Any statement or argument that lacks proper citations is unacceptable. As a result, including all references at the end of your proposal.
Conclusion
These are the key points to keep in mind as you write your dissertation proposal. You can also seek assistance from your supervisor and follow their advice to make your proposal more convincing and presentable.
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