A chart I made a while back showing the difference between the 3 black-and-ivory coloured Yellowjacket species we have here in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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I helped write an open-source textbook for Penn State and it was PUBLISHED TODAY!!! If you’ve ever thought, in passing, “Gee, I wish I knew more about the hardcore taxonomic science of critically understudied insects”, this is the book for you!
I wrote the chapter on Vespoidea (pgs. 384-406).
Visit the link below to access the textbook for free!
https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/resources/a0edbed3-a28f-4212-a8bc-7742851ecbd4
Paper wasps are not celebrated wasp species as the limelight is mostly hogged by the fiery Yellow jacket wasps and the powerful killer hornets. Paper wasps are classified as Insects and come in the order of Hymenopetra. They belong to the super family of Vespoidea and family of Vespidae. Paper wasps make nests out of paper pulp generated from wood matter and their own saliva.
La tête porte les pièces buccales, les antennes, les yeux composés et dorsalement trois ocelles disposés en triangle. Les antennes sont formées d'un nombre d'articles variable selon les taxons et parfois selon les sexes d'une même espèce. Chez la plupart des Apoidea et des Vespoidea, les antennes des mâles ont 13 articles et celles des femelles 12. L'article le plus basal est appelé scape, le suivant pédicelle, les autres constituent le flagelle. Chez certains Chalcidoidea, les premiers articles du flagelle, étroits et annulaires, sont appelés anneli.
Morphologie et nomenclature des Hyménoptères
OPIE-Insectes
Les Hyménoptères, Hymenoptera - Par Claire Villemant
http://insectes.xyz/hymenos.htm
A massive algal bloom covering nearly all remaining freshwater, and much of the coastal waters surrounding the split continent of Eurasia causes a much worse K/PG mass extinction, and is seen as a continuation of the event, as it was directly caused by the warming of the planet following the dust winter caused by the asteroid impact. This massive bloom starves most fish and marine life of oxygen in the waters surrounding the bloom, but massively increases atmospheric oxygen to 40% for a total of 1 million years. However in this time period many ferns and trees adapted to, and began to thrive in high oxygen environments, leading to massive forest growth in bands across the planet, generally within the tropics, however a few temperate rainforests began to sprout up in the later half of the blooms million, and the continuation of a high, yet slightly lower atmospheric oxygen level (AOL) of 35%
99% of all animal species were wiped out following the K/PG extinction, a major group of survivors were small holdouts of the Vespoidea, already evolved into the most primitive bees and ants. The few survivors of the extinction stayed small for the first million years, as food was scarce, and surviving past the larval stage was rarer. Due to this scarcity the queens began to lay more and more eggs to increase the chances of the eggs making it to adulthood. This expansion of Vespid populations is still fairly slow at this point in time. Certain species of solitary Vespids however, began laying less eggs and began to tend more to their eggs and beginning the adaptation of parental behavior.
Few species of Coleoptera, specifically the very first Stag Beetles, survived the extinction, and began to thrive in the high oxygen environment, while still small at this time, they are markedly larger than they were before. Small beetles in the family Dermestidae also survived the extinction, and thrived off of the thousands of corpses left behind, leading to a massive boom in their population, and rapid radiation into detritivore niches.
Many small flies also began radiating into the leftover detritivore niches, with little biological adaptation this early after the extinction event.
Queen blackjacket (Vespula consobrina) chilling in my hand. The orange stuff on my fingers is dried-up fruit juice. She took a few sips and then I released her back outside. She's so cute! Eeeeeeee. 😍
Paper Wasp (Polistes carolina) #backyardnature #insects #vespoidea #wasps (at Oak Cliff, Dallas) https://www.instagram.com/p/B3p-cQHHp7M/?igshid=1udhmheljir53