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eli-kittim · 4 years

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The Quran: Revelation or Forgery?

By Goodreads Author Eli Kittim

——-

Did Muhammad Exist?

Before we embark on a brief criticism of the Quran, it’s important to note that there is “very little biographical information” (Wiki) concerning the historicity of its founder, Muhammad:

Attempts to distinguish between the

historical elements and the unhistorical

elements of many of the reports of

Muhammad have not been very successful

(Wiki).

(see: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicity_of_Muhammad#Views_of_secular_historians).

Of course, this opens up the possibility of whether or not the unknown author of the Quran invented the Muhammad tradition to bolster his credibility. In order to determine the answer to this question, it is crucial to consider the evidence of *intertextuality* in the Quran, that is to say, the literary dependence of the Quran on earlier texts and sources.

——-

How historically reliable is the Quran?

Firstly, with regard to source criticism——that is, the sources that the Quran’s message is derived from——there are some very serious issues involved. For example, there are well-known parallelisms between the Quran and the extra-biblical, non-inspired book of Talmud (e.g. Surah 5:32; cf. Sanhedrin 37a) as well as borrowing from Christian apocryphal works that were written hundreds of years after the purported events and which claim to be legitimate Christian gospels but are not. Case in point, The Infancy Gospel of Thomas:

The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is thought to

be Gnostic in origin. . . . Early Christians

regarded the Infancy Gospel of Thomas as

inauthentic and heretical. Hippolytus

identified it as a fake and a heresy in his

Refutation of All Heresies, and his

contemporary Origen referred to it in a

similar way in a homily written in the early

third century. Eusebius rejected it as a

heretical ‘fiction’ in the third book of his

fourth-century Church History, and Pope

Gelasius I included it in his list of heretical

books in the fifth century. While non-

canonical in Christianity, the Infancy Gospel

of Thomas contains many miracles and

stories of Jesus referenced in the Qur'an,

such as Jesus giving life to clay birds (Wiki).

So, the Quran clearly employs Jewish and Christian apocryphal works that were never accepted as canonical or as “inspired” either by Jews or Christians. Thus, at least some of the sources of the Quran are highly dubious.

Secondly, in 632 CE, following Muhammad’s death, the Battle of Yamama ensued where a great number of those who had supposedly retained the Quran in their memory (hafiz) actually died. How then can Muslims claim the preservation of the Quran through memory and oral transmission?

Thirdly, the New Testament is the best attested book from the ancient world as well as the most scrutinized book in history, and one which has a critical edition. By contrast, the Quran has not been critically scrutinized rigorously in the same manner, nor does it have a critical edition, nor is the manuscript evidence made available to scholars for serious study. There’s a secrecy surrounding it that seems to prevent scholarly investigations. For example, because it lacks a critical edition, there are no footnotes in the Quran to notify the reader about manuscript evidence or textual discrepancies or omissions, such that “(some verses eaten by a goat; Ibn Majah, Book of Nikah, p.39) or that (Umar records the missing verses; Bukhari 8.82.816 & 817).

Fourthly, Orientalists have often questioned the historical authenticity of the Quran by charging Uthman ibn Affan (the 3rd Caliph of Islam) of consigning variant copies of the Quran to the flames during his reign.

Fifthly, the controlled transmission of the Quran makes it impossible to know what was the original. Hence its textual integrity is seriously compromised. By contrast, in the case of the New Testament, for example, since no one person controlled all the manuscripts, it would be impossible to uniformly corrupt all the documents. In the case of the Quran, however, the text was in fact controlled by one person, the khalifa, as attested by Uthman's authority to recall and uniformly revise all the manuscripts. Therefore, it would have been extremely easy for the Quran to have been uniformly corrupted in a textually undetectable manner. For example, the “Sanaa manuscript,” which contains earlier developments of the Quran, demonstrates textual variances that diverge from the Uthman copy.

In conclusion, the Quran doesn’t allow us to come any closer to the original text than the Uthmanic Revised Standard Version 20 years removed from Muhammad. Any errors which found their way into the URSV would be permanent and uncorrectable. And, unfortunately, historical accounts from early Islam tell us that such errors existed!

——-

The Quran is Based on Dubious Sources

Besides the numerous and traceable Judeo-Christian apocryphal works that the author used within the Quran itself, he also got a lot of his ideas from a group that was an offshoot of the Ebionites called the “Sabians,” variously known as Mandaeans or Elcesaites. The Sabians followed Hermeticism and adored John the Baptizer:

Occasionally,

Mandaeans are called

‘Christians of Saint

John’ . . . the ‘Sabians’

are described several

times in the Quran as

People of the Book,

alongside Jews and

Christians (Wiki).

According to Origen and Eusebius, the Sabians used an extra-biblical book that they claimed was given by an Angel (maybe another idea adopted by Muhammad?) to deny portions of Scripture as well as the writings of Paul! So, this idea of challenging Christianity and claiming to have received a new revelation from an angel is quite common in ancient times. It is not unique to Islam. Others had made similar claims. Thus, without completely rejecting the possibility of *revelation* in at least some portions of the Quran, the majority of its theological narratives are largely based on dubious and questionable sources, derived from spurious texts that were under the radar of heresiologists across the ancient world!

——-

Two Apocryphal Works Employed by the Quran to Deny the Crucifixion of Jesus

//Second Treatise of the Great Seth is an apocryphal Gnostic writing discovered in the Codex VII of the Nag Hammadi codices and dates to around the third century. The author is unknown, and the Seth referenced in the title appears nowhere in the text. Instead Seth is thought to reference the third son of Adam and Eve to whom gnosis was first revealed, according to some gnostics. The author appears to belong to a group of gnostics who maintain that Jesus Christ was not crucified on the cross. Instead the text says that Simon of Cyrene was mistaken for Jesus and crucified in his place. Jesus is described as standing by and "laughing at their ignorance”// (Wiki).

//The Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter is a text found amongst the Nag Hammadi library, and part of the New Testament apocrypha. Like the vast majority of texts in the Nag Hammadi collection, it is heavily gnostic. It was probably written around 100-200 AD. Since the only known copy is written in Coptic, it is also known as the Coptic Apocalypse of Peter.

The text takes gnostic interpretations of the crucifixion to the extreme, picturing Jesus as laughing and warning against people who cleave to the name of a dead man, thinking they shall become pure. Like some of the rarer Gnostic writings, this one also doubts the established Crucifixion story which places Jesus on the cross. Instead, according to this text, there was a substitute:

He whom you saw on the

tree, glad and laughing,

this is the living Jesus.

But this one into whose

hands and feet they

drive the nails is his

fleshly part, which is the

substitute being put to

shame, the one who

came into being in his

likeness. But look at him

and me// (Wiki).

This is attested in the Quran:

That they said (in boast), ‘We killed Christ

Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of

Allah’—but they killed him not, nor crucified

him, but so it was made to appear to them,

and those who differ therein are full of

doubts, with no [certain] knowledge, but

only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they

killed him not—nay, Allah raised him up unto

Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power,

Wise (Sura 4:157-158, Yusuf Ali).

——-

A Possible Forgery: Is Muhammad Copying Augustine?

Muhammad (570 – 632 CE) seems to have modelled his conversion on Augustine of Hippo (354 – 430 CE), who was without a doubt the greatest theologian and philosopher of his day! Case in point, in 386 CE, Augustine converted to Christianity from the pagan Machanean religion. Similarly, in 610 CE, Muhammad converted to Islam from the “Jahiliyya" religion, which worshipped Allah as the creator god as well as the Kaaba in Mecca. About 224 years earlier St. Augustine had heard a voice that told him to “take up and read,” a line which became very famous and reverberated through the centuries:

As Augustine later told it, his conversion

was prompted by hearing a child's voice

say ‘take up and read’ (Latin: tolle, lege).

Resorting to the Sortes Sanctorum, he

opened a book of St. Paul's writings (codex

apostoli, 8.12.29) at random and read

Romans 13: 13–14: Not in rioting and

drunkenness, not in chambering and

wantonness, not in strife and envying, but

put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no

provision for the flesh to fulfill the lusts

thereof (Wiki).

By comparison, Muhammad appears to have used a similar line to claim that he, too, heard an Angel’s voice repeatedly say to him: “Read.” Given that Muhammad was presumably familiar with Judaism and Christianity (and especially with the foremost leading authority of his day, the African Augustine of Hippo), it seems very likely that he modelled his conversion on the latter. And, if true, that would certainly constitute a forgery!

——-

Are Allah’s Oaths Self-contradictory in the Quran?

The aforementioned textual criticisms are further compounded when we realize that the Quran contains further theological discrepancies. For example, there are numerous verses in the Quran where Allah is swearing by created things that are less-than-God, thus committing “shirk” (i.e. the sin of ascribing divine status to any other beings beside Allah). Here’s a case in point. In sura 81:15, Allah says: “But nay! I swear by the stars.” Another example is sura 91 verse 1: “I swear by the sun and its brilliance.” When God supposedly swears by something which is less than himself the truth value of his assertion is obviously weakened. By definition, an oath is meant to buttress an argument, not to decrease the weight thereof. Therefore, the truth value of an oath is equivalent to, and connected with, the truth value of the one who declares it. As such, Allah’s oaths (swearing by created things) directly contradict his so-called divine status. By contrast, the God of the Bible swears by Himself, since there is nothing greater to swear under (cf. Gen. 22.16; Isa. 45.23; Heb. 6.13). By definition, an oath is a solemn attestation of the truth of one's words. In this case, how can Allah’s oaths be trustworthy if they appeal to something that is less than himself? Answer: they cannot! It appears, then, that the aforementioned oaths in the Quran are reflecting a human rather than a divine author.

——-

Is Muhammad the Prophesied False Prophet of Revelation?

During the Early Middle

Ages, Christendom

largely viewed Islam as a

Christological heresy

and Muhammad as a

false prophet (Wiki).

In short, following the Arab conquest of the Middle East and due to the *military expansion* of Islam into Europe and Central Asia since the 700’s (toppling one country after another), Muhammad was increasingly seen as a possible candidate for the office of the *false-prophet-of-Revelation* (cf. Rev. 16.13; 19.20; 20.10): https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Christian_views_on_Muhammad

——-

Conclusion

Muslims claim that the Quran is neither corrupted nor influenced by Judeo-Christian sources, and yet upon further scrutiny the book clearly incorporates passages from both the Jewish Talmud and from various Christian apocryphal works. Plagiarism abounds, and so does forgery. Therefore, it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to maintain that it’s a “revelation” when at least some of the sources of the Quran are highly dubious!

Moreover, Islam has nothing new to offer by way of revelation. Its doctrine could simply be classified as a modified theological redundancy of the Judeo-Christian tradition and the Biblical heritage that preceded it. The main difference between Islam and Christianity is this. Unlike the Quran’s singular witness and source——given that it was only revealed to *one* man (Muhammad)——the revelations of the New Testament were imparted to many different people, thereby authenticating its message by multiple attestations and witnesses!

——-

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ifyouseekay468 · 3 years

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I really stayed up till three AM to find, read, and figure out every apocryphal/pseudepigraphal text from a specific gnostic sect JUST for chapter titles huh

#the good news: I have all the chapter titles #bad news: my indifferent ass could change them at any momen #also used regular Bible verses #a Lot Of Jeremiah #like wtf was wrong with that book #and also made the second treatise of the great Seth sad instead of funny by writing about a character justifying their abuse by thinking #they are a christ incarnate

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chattering-magpie-uk · 3 years

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I AM IN YOU AND YOU IN ME ~ The Second Treatise of the Great Seth (Nag Hammadi Codex VII, 2) Translated by Willis Barnstone (2003).

The perfect majesty is at rest in the ineffable light, in the truth of the mother of all these, and all of you that attain to me, to me alone who am perfect, because of the word. For I exist with all the greatness of the spirit, which is a friend to us and our kindred alike. Since I brought forth a word to the glory of our father, through his goodness, as well as an imperishable thought, that…

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deblala · 6 years

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The Second Treatise of the Great Seth - Willis Barnstone - The Nag Hammadi Library

The Second Treatise of the Great Seth – Willis Barnstone – The Nag Hammadi Library

The Second Treatise of the Great Seth, trans. Willis Barnstone, from The Nag Hammadi Library. This site includes the entire Nag Hammadi Library, as well as a large collection of other primary Gnostic scriptures and documents. Source: The Second Treatise of the Great Seth – Willis Barnstone – The Nag Hammadi Library

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quranreadalong · 6 years

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#32, Surah 4

THE QURAN READ-ALONG: DAY 32

We’re here fam, the end of surah four. Heads up--this is a long section, going from 4:140 to 4:176. But a lot of it is repetitive. The theme of the day is that disbelievers, particularly the Jews, are trash.

The first ayah starts us off by telling Muslims not to sit around disbelievers who are talking about their disbelief, and reminds us that “Allah will gather hypocrites and disbelievers, all together, into hell”. Kuffar hell counter (1) is already getting lit up. The next one has more whining about the munafiqun, who do dumb things like claim credit when either the Muslims or disbelievers win a battle. Allah will never allow the disbelievers to win, though (ignore the times they did pls). 4:142 is more whining, saying that when the munafiqun (reminder: people who pretend to be Muslims) pray, they aren’t really into it. I’m going to be extremely generous and label those last two neutral, since there is only Mohammed’s typical whining/smugness and an implicit threat of hell rather than an explicit one. 4:143 is bad, though--it says that Allah made them go astray and Mohammed can’t do anything about it. So Allah makes people hypocrites and then sentences them to hell for that? What a dick.

Anyway, 4:144 is a bad blast from the past, which we have seen multiple times already:

O ye who believe! Choose not disbelievers for (your) friends in place of believers. Would ye give Allah a clear warrant against you?

This is the word “auliya” again, if you recall. Friends, allies, helpers, what have you. You can look here to refresh your memory. Moving on, the next ayah says again that the munafiqun--who we’ve just been told are hypocrites because Allah led them astray--are bound for “the lowest deep of the Fire” unless they repent and become real Muslims (as Muslims go to jannah), even though we were just told that their situation was hopeless. Allah has some sort of personality disorder, honestly. Kuffar hell counter: 2.

4:148-49 tells people not to say bad words unless they’ve been wronged, but they should try to pardon the offending person if possible, which is I guess good. You know the trend about good ayat already: it’s time for the kuffar hell counter (3).

Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between; Such are disbelievers in truth; and for disbelievers We prepare a shameful doom

Those who believe in some prophets but not others are Jews and Christians, if you hadn’t already caught that. They’re going to hell, but Muslims are not, because they believe Mohammed is a prophet. The next ayah, 4:153, has Mohammed complaining that the Jews demand to see him perform an actual miracle to prove his prophethood. He brings up the story about Allah killing the Jews with lightning from the second surah, saying that if being killed and then revived didn’t make the Jews believe, there is nothing that will make Jews believe. A dumb and also bad excuse. The next few ayat contain more complaining about Jews, recounting their past episodes of disbelief, which apparently Jews in 7th century Arabia are directly linked to for some reason. Now I want to quote this whole next part:

And because of their disbelief and of their speaking against Mary a tremendous calumny; And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain. But Allah took him up unto Himself.

Okay, so... uh. It goes without saying all of this is bad, bigotry against Jews based upon the alleged past actions of their ancestors, some of which Mohammed pulled out of his ass. I have mentioned this before but Mohammed really hated Jews as he got older, way more than he hated Christians (even though they are also hellbound!). Muslims >>∞>> Christians >>> Jews > polytheists/apostates is the pecking order in general. But let’s try to break this down. The first part is about Jews claiming that Mary got pregnant out of wedlock rather than being a virgin mother (as we’ve seen before, Islam keeps the Christian belief in the virgin birth of Jesus).

The second part is more interesting. The Jews thought they had killed Jesus (and are, evidently, quite pleased with that) but in fact they did not. Because Allah saved Jesus and took him into jannah. The crucifixion was a perfectillusion.mp3. And yes I know the Bible says that the Romans were the ones who killed him, @ Mohammed, not me. So, uh, is this better or worse than “Jews really killed Jesus” in medieval Europe?

Throughout Islamic history, the main (but not only) belief has been that Allah transformed one of Jesus’ followers so that he would look just like Jesus, and that follower volunteered to be crucified in his place. Others believe that Allah simply created an illusion or a fake Jesus or something. While odd, this belief actually has a basis in Gnostic apocryphal writings, most notably the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, which is written from Jesus’ perspective and says:

They struck me with the reed; it was another, Simon, who bore the cross on his shoulder. I was another upon Whom they placed the crown of thorns. But I was rejoicing in the height over all the wealth of the archons and the offspring of their error, of their empty glory. And I was laughing at their ignorance.

This is from the Nag Hammadi library in Egypt, dating from centuries before Mohammed’s birth (as is another text with a similar story, the Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter), so it’s unclear if Mohammed was actually influenced by this; I don’t believe he was, since the text clearly presents Jesus as divine and is a no-go from an Islamic perspective. Also I am positive that Mo would find gnostic stuff beyond comprehension because lbr, most of it is! This just shows the idea of the crucifixion being fake somehow was in existence at some point beforehand. In the Quran’s case, I think Mohammed just wanted to decrease the significance of the crucifixion, since he says Jesus will “break the cross” and kill all the pigs at the end of the world. (One book concerning this topic that is popular among some modern-day Muslims, the “Gospel of Barnabas”, was written by a Muslim around the 15th century, probably a disgruntled one kicked out of Spain, and is not apocrypha or a Christian text at all.)

Anyway, 4:159 says that Jesus himself will testify against those who denied his status as the messiah on the Day of Resurrection. Meaning Jews are boned. Speaking of:

Because of the wrongdoing of the Jews We forbade them good things which were (before) made lawful unto them, and because of their much hindering from Allah's way, And of their taking usury when they were forbidden it, and of their devouring people's wealth by false pretenses, We have prepared for those of them who disbelieve a painful doom.

Kuffar hell counter: 4! I told y’all this section was gonna be full of it. So yeah Jews are greedy and Allah cursed them. The only way for them to be saved is to follow Mohammed (because Mohammed is totally a real prophet like Moses and others, all of whom were guided by Allah. All of that is fairly neutral, if characteristically self-aggrandizing).

Ten more ayat to go! How will the surah end? I’m in total suspense here!

Lo! those who disbelieve and hinder (others) from the way of Allah, they verily have wandered far astray. Lo! those who disbelieve and deal in wrong, Allah will never forgive them, neither will He guide them unto a road, Except the road of hell, wherein they will abide for ever.

Are you shocked? I bet y’all are shocked. Kuffar hell counter: 5!

Now we have a bit of a neutral recap section summarizing the surah. Allah is god etc. Christians are wrong about Jesus being Allah, nor would Jesus ever claim to be Allah. Good Muslims will go to jannah, but people who are scornful and proud will go to hell. Mohammed’s “revelations” are proof of Allah’s existence. Believing in Allah will save your soul.

Oh, and one bad recap: “unto the male is the equivalent of the share of two females”.

And with that, we’re DONE with this shitty surah. Now you’re all Muslim Feminists™️ for having read it.

The Quran Read-Along: Day 32

Ayat: 37

Good: 2 (4:148-49)

Neutral: 17 (4:141-42, 4:146-47, 4:152, 4:158, 4:162-66, 4:170-75)

Bad: 18 (4:140, 4:143-45, 4:150-51, 4:153-57, 4:159-61, 4:167-69, 4:176)

Kuffar hell counter: 5 (4:140, 4:145, 4:150-51, 4:160-61, 4:167-69)

⇚ previous day | next day ⇛

#quranreadalong #surah 4 #an nisa

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lotsofdogs · 6 years

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The Benefits of Color Therapy – Part I

Read part 2 here

The effects of color on life must have been of great significance to early human beings, whose very existence was governed by light and darkness.

Most living things appear to be vitalized by the bright reds, oranges, and yellows of daylight — and calmed and rejuvenated by the blues, indigos, and violets of the night.

For the ancients, the colors that make up sunlight were each considered to show a different aspect of the divine and to influence different qualities of life.

Color is therefore an important feature in the symbolism of ancient cultures throughout the world, and the origins of Healing With Color in Western civilization can be traced back to the mythology of Ancient Egypt and Greece.

In the Ancient World

According to Ancient Egyptian mythology, the art of Healing With Color was founded by the god Thoth. He was known to the Ancient Greeks as Hermes Trismegistus, literally “Hermes thrice-greatest”, because he was also credited with various works on mysticism and magic. Teachings attributed to him include the use of color in healing. In the Hermetic tradition, the Ancient Egyptians and Greeks used colored Minerals, stones, Crystals, salves, and dyes as remedies, and painted treatment sanctuaries in various shades of color.

Interest in the physical nature of color developed in Ancient Greece alongside the concept of the elements ‘ air, fire, water, and earth. These fundamental constituents of the universe were associated with the qualities of coldness, heat, wetness and dryness, and also with four humors or bodily fluids ‘ choler or yellow bile, blood (red), phlegm (white), and melancholy or Black bile.

These were thought to arise in four organs ‘ the spleen, heart, liver, and brain ‘ and to determine emotional and physical disposition. Health involved the proper balance of these humors, and disease would result if their mixture was in an unbalanced proportion. Color was intrinsic to healing, which involved restoring the balance. Colored garments, oils, plasters, ointments, and salves were used to treat disease.

By the end of the Classical period in Greece, these principles were included in the scientific framework that was to remain largely unchanged in the West until the Middle Ages. In the first century A.D., Aurelius Cornelius Celsus followed the doctrines established by Pythagoras and Hippocrates and included the use of colored ointments, plasters, and flowers in several treatises on medicine.

During the Middle Ages

With the coming of Christianity, however, all that was pagan was exorcised, including the healing practices of the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The progress of medicine throughout Europe was effectively halted while those who clung to traditional principles and practices of healing were persecuted. The ancient healing arts, preserved by secret oral tradition passed on to the initiates, thus became hidden or “occult”.

It was an Arab physician and disciple of Aristotle, Avicenna (980-circa 1037), who advanced the art of healing. In his Canon of Medicine he made clear the vital importance of color in both diagnosis and treatment. Avicenna, noting that color was an observable symptom of disease, developed a chart which related color to temperament and the physical condition of the body.

He used color in treatment — insisting that red moved the blood, Blue or white cooled it, and yellow reduced pain and inflammation — prescribing potions of red flowers to cure blood disorders, and yellow flowers and morning sunlight to cure disorders of the biliary system.

Avicenna wrote also of the possible dangers of color in treatment, observing that a person with a nosebleed, for example, should not gaze at things of a brilliant red color or be exposed to red light because this would stimulate the sanguineous humor, whereas Blue would soothe it and reduce blood flow.

The Renaissance saw a resurgence in the art of healing in Europe. One of the most renowned healers of the period was Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim (1493-1541), known as Paracelsus, who attributed his understanding of the laws and practices of medicine to his conversations with witches (women who were primarily pagan healers purged by the Church).

Paracelsus regarded light and color as essential for good health and used them extensively in treatment, together with elixirs, charms and talismans, Herbs and Minerals. A great exponent of alchemy, Paracelsus insisted that its true purpose was not to make gold, but to prepare effective medicines. He used liquid gold to treat ailments of all kinds, apparently with a good deal of success. Consequently his fame as a great physician spread throughout Europe.

Enlightenment, Science, Healing

However, after the Middle Ages Paracelsus and other alchemists lost their prestige when mysticism and magic were overtaken by rationalism and science. By the eighteenth century, “enlightenment” had taken on a new meaning. It was the name given to a philosophical movement that stressed the importance of reason and the critical appraisal of existing ideas.

Reason dictated that all knowledge had to be certain and evident; anything about which there could be doubt was rejected. As a result the divine gradually disappeared from the scientific world view.

By the nineteenth century, the emphasis in science was exclusively on the material rather than the spiritual. As medicine came under the umbrella of science it, too, focused on the material physical body, ignoring the mind and spirit. With the advent of physical medicine, and such treatments as surgery and antiseptics, interest in Healing With Color declined. It didn’t resurface until the nineteenth century, and then not in Europe but North America.

In 1876, Augustus Pleasanton published Blue and Sun-lights, in which he reported his findings on the effects of color in plants, animals, and humans. He claimed that the quality, yield, and size of grapes could be significantly increased if they were grown in greenhouses made with alternating Blue and transparent panes of glass.

He also reported having cured certain diseases and increased Fertility, as well as the rate of physical maturation in animals, by exposing them to Blue light. In addition, Pleasanton maintained that Blue light was effective in treating human disease and pain. His work gained supporters but was dismissed by the medical establishment as unscientific.

However, in 1877 a distinguished physician named Dr. Seth Pancoast published Blue and Red Lights, in which he, too, advocated the use of color in healing.

Edwin Babbit’s The Principles of Light and Color was published in 1878; the second edition, published in 1896, attracted worldwide attention. Babbit advanced a comprehensive theory of Healing With Color. He identified the color red as a stimulant, notably of blood and to a lesser extent to the nerves; yellow and Orange as nerve stimulants; Blue and Violet as soothing to all systems and with anti-inflammatory properties.

Accordingly, Babbit prescribed red for paralysis, consumption, physical exhaustion, and chronic Rheumatism; yellow as a Laxative, emetic and purgative, and for bronchial difficulties; and Blue for inflammatory conditions, Sciatica, meningitis, nervous headache, irritability, and sunstroke.

Babbit developed various devices, including a special cabinet called the Thermolume, which used colored glass and natural light to produce colored light; and the Chromo Disk, a funnel-shaped device fitted with special color filters that could localize light onto various parts of the body.

Babbit established the correspondence between colors and Minerals, which he used as an addition to treatment with colored light, and developed elixirs by irradiating water with sunlight filtered through colored lenses. He claimed that this “potentized” water retained the energy of the vital elements within the particular color filter used, and that it had remarkable healing power. Solar tinctures of this kind are still made and used today by many color therapists.

Chromopaths then sprang up throughout the country and Britain, developing extensive color prescriptions for every conceivable ailment. By the end of the nineteenth century, red light was used to prevent Scars from forming in cases of smallpox, and startling cures were later reported among tuberculosis patients exposed to sunlight and ultraviolet rays. Nevertheless, the medical profession remained skeptical of claims made about Healing With Color.

Read part 2 here

[Read More ...] http://www.natural-holistic-health.com/benefits-color-therapy-part-i/

#health #fitness

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christsbride · 7 years

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Jesus and Islam

Jesus is one of the greatest figures in the world. For Christians, he is the absolute greatest of all, but in Islam, he I just a highly respected prophet to the Jews. Given the sharp differences in the two understandings of Jesus, both can not be true. What does Islam and Muslim scholars say about Jesus?

The Quran teaches that Jesus was born of a virgin

He said: "Nay, I am only a messenger from thy Lord, (to announce) to thee the gift of a holy son. 20 She said: "How shall I have a son, seeing that no man has touched me, and I am not unchaste?" 21 He said: "So (it will be): Thy Lord saith, 'that is easy for Me: and (We wish) to appoint him as a Sign unto men and a Mercy from Us': It is a matter (so) decreed." (19:19-21, Yusif Ali)

The Quran admits something even deeper:

Hardly a single descendant of Adam is born without Satan touching him at the moment of his birth. A baby who is touched like that gives a cry. The only exceptions are Mary and her son" [cf. Q 3: 36].

Oddly we see some Catholic/Eastern Orthodox influence in this understanding were as Mary is seen as also sinless but the point is that Jesus is stated as being sinless. BUT this is the first major difference, Islam believes that Jesus was just another created person, except he was perfect.

The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam; He created him from dust, then said to him: "Be". And he was. (3:59, Yusif Ali)

According to Islam, Jesus was nothing more than a perfect servant and THE example for Israel.

When (Jesus) the son of Mary is held up as an example, behold, thy people raise a clamour thereat (in ridicule)! 58 And they say, "Are our gods best, or he?" This they set forth to thee, only by way of disputation: yea, they are a contentious people. 59 He was no more than a servant: We granted Our favour to him, and We made him an example to the Children of Israel. (43:57-59, Yusif Ali)

Yet, not only being a created perfect person and servant; he also performed miracles:

We have made some of these messengers to excel the others among them are they to whom Allah spoke, and some of them He exalted by (many degrees of) rank; and We gave clear miracles to Isa (Jesus) son of Marium, and strengthened him with the holy spirit. And if Allah had pleased, those after them would not have fought one with another after clear arguments had come to them, but they disagreed; so there were some of them who believed and others who denied; and if Allah had pleased they would not have fought one with another, but Allah brings about what He intends. (2:253, Shakir)

Along with performing miracles, he was given direct revelations from God:

He said: "I am indeed a servant of Allah: He hath given me revelation and made me a prophet. (19:30, Yusif Ali)

Thus, because he was a perfect servant and example performing miracles and having divine revelations; he then is to be obeyed

When Jesus came with Clear Signs, he said: "Now have I come to you with Wisdom, and in order to make clear to you some of the (points) on which ye dispute: therefore fear Allah and obey me. (43:63, Yusif Ali)

BUT again, this is where sharp differences take form in exactly who Jesus is. Despite being a perfect servant and example performing miracles and having divine revelations requiring obedience; he is not to be worshiped.

And behold! Allah will say: "O Jesus the son of Mary! Didst thou say unto men, worship me and my mother as gods in derogation of Allah'?" He will say: "Glory to Thee! never could I say what I had no right (to say). Had I said such a thing, thou wouldst indeed have known it. Thou knowest what is in my heart, Thou I know not what is in Thine. For Thou knowest in full all that is hidden. (5:116, Yusif Ali)

Two issues stand out. First, why is the Quran mentioning the worship of Mary too? We see again where the author of the Quran thinks that is what is being taught. Well, according to the Catholic Church this is true, but this was not true for all of Christendom. The idea for the worship of Mary began to develop around the 4th and 5th century with the development of the apocryphal The Book of Mary's Repose. The Armenian church accepted this idea and then John of Damascus became a proponent of its teachings which had been established in the East by Emperor Maurice around AD 600. Lets be clear, this is a much LATER created teaching that was not found in the earliest Church fathers. Here we see the author of the Quran picking up on this new-ish Catholic-Eastern Orthodox doctrine and assuming that is what the Apostles taught; which is untrue. Secondly, if Jesus was appointed as THE sinless prophet and example and spoke the revelations of God; why would God need to question him about what he taught? How could there be doubt about the truthfulness and faithfulness of Jesus? But it does not end there. To combat the historic teachings of Jesus, the author(s) of the Quran must then denounce other teachings that they disagree with. They denounce Jesus being taught that he is the Son of God.

The Jews call 'Uzair a son of Allah, and the Christians call Christ the son of Allah. That is a saying from their mouth; (in this) they but imitate what the unbelievers of old used to say. Allah's curse be on them: how they are deluded away from the Truth! (9:30, Yusif Ali).

Such (was) Jesus the son of Mary: (it is) a statement of truth, about which they (vainly) dispute. 35 It is not befitting to (the majesty of) Allah that He should beget a son. Glory be to Him! when He determines a matter, He only says to it, "Be", and it is. (19:34-35, Yusif Ali)

But that was not the only teaching the author(s) of the Quran (misunderstood) disagreed with. Not only did Christendom teach throughout history that Jesus claimed to be the Son of God but also He was the Triune God.

O People of the Book! Commit no excesses in your religion: Nor say of Allah aught but the truth. Christ Jesus the son of Mary was (no more than) a messenger of Allah, and His Word, which He bestowed on Mary, and a spirit proceeding from Him: so believe in Allah and His messengers. Say not "Trinity": desist: it will be better for you: for Allah is one Allah: Glory be to Him: (far exalted is He) above having a son. To Him belong all things in the heavens and on earth. And enough is Allah as a Disposer of affairs. (4:171, Yusif Ali)

Clearly the author(s) of the Quran did not understand the teaching of the Triune God. The author declares monotheism when he says "Allah is one Allah". Yes. This is true. There is only one God. The Trinity also teaches that there is only one God. BUT the doctrine of the Trinity declares that Jesus is a person of the one Triune God and all glory belongs to the One Triune God. As confusion and misunderstanding continues by Muslims about what Christianity declares, the author(s) seem to draw their understanding of Christian teachings from writings denounced by Christianity. Despite the historical proofs of non Christian authors in regards to Jesus' crucifixion, the author(s) of the Quran seem to buy into a later gnostic teaching about Jesus' death.

That they said (in boast), "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah";- but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not. (4:157,Yusif Ali)

Modern Islamic scholars try to spin this as though this is only a metaphoric teaching in a spiritual sense but when we consider the earliest Islamic teachings we see what is actually meant by this statement in the Quran.

Ibn Abbas said, "Just before Allah raised Jesus to the Heavens, Jesus went to his disciples, who were twelve inside the house. When he arrived, his hair was dripping with water (as if he had just had a bath) and he said, 'There are those among you who will disbelieve in me twelve times after you had believed in me.' He then asked, 'Who among you will volunteer for his appearance to be transformed into mine, and be killed in my place. Whoever volunteers for that, he will be with me (in Paradise).' One of the youngest ones among them volunteered, but Jesus asked him to sit down. Jesus asked again for a volunteer, and the same young man volunteered and Jesus asked him to sit down again. Then the young man volunteered a third time and Jesus said, 'You will be that man,' and the resemblance of Jesus was cast over that man while Jesus ascended to Heaven from a hole in the roof of the house. When the Jews came looking for Jesus, they found that young man and crucified him. Some of Jesus' followers disbelieved in him twelve times after they had believed in him. — (Al-Nasa'i, Al-Kubra, 6:489)

Ibn Ishaq's (d. 761) report of a brief accounting of events leading up to the crucifixion, firstly stating that Jesus was replaced by someone named Sergius, while secondly reporting an account of Jesus' tomb being located at Medina and thirdly citing the places in the Qur'an (3:55; 4:158) that God took Jesus up to himself. Yet even within Islam, there are disagreement about whether Jesus himself was crucified. Ja’far ibn Mansur al-Yaman (d. 958), Abu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi (d. 935), Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani (d. 971), Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi (d. 1078) and the group Ikhwan al-Safa agree with the historicity of the Crucifixion, reporting Jesus was crucified and not substituted by another man. Where did this substitution idea come from? We can find this idea expressed in the Gnostic Nag Hammadi documents Apocalypse of Peter (2nd to 3rd century) and The Second Treatise of the Great Seth (3rd Century). The First Council of Nicaea in 325AD rejected these writings as authentic and declared their teachings as heretical. So we see the author(s) of the Quran picking up these unauthentic teachings and adding their own spin to it. What About The Gospels? Muslims are told to respect Jesus as a legitimate prophet of God who spoke the words of God.

And in their footsteps We sent Jesus the son of Mary, confirming the Law that had come before him: We sent him the Gospel: therein was guidance and light, and confirmation of the Law that had come before him: a guidance and an admonition to those who fear Allah. (5:46, Yusif Ali)Then, in their wake, We followed them up with (others of) Our messengers: We sent after them Jesus the son of Mary, and bestowed on him the Gospel; and We ordained in the hearts of those who followed him Compassion and Mercy. But the Monasticism which they invented for themselves, We did not prescribe for them: (We commanded) only the seeking for the Good Pleasure of Allah; but that they did not foster as they should have done. Yet We bestowed, on those among them who believed, their (due) reward, but many of them are rebellious transgressors. (57:27, Yusif Ali)

Here we see the author(s) of the Quran agreeing that the Gospel from Jesus is divine. We are even in agreement that "the monasticism which they invented" is not from God. The gradual development of the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox traditions and all its invented teachings are not from God and not found in the teachings of Jesus. Thus, Christians and Muslims agree that the teachings of Jesus are from God. The Quran teaches that they can not deny the Gospels.

”Whatever the people of the Book [Jews and Christians] tell you, you should not attest to, nor deny, but say: ‘We believe in Allah and what has been revealed to us.”[Bukhari: 4485] [The Quran: Al-Baqarah 2:136]

In fact, the Quran teaches the The Bible is of God.

“Say (O Muslims): We believe in Allah and that which has been sent down to us and that which has been sent down to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and to Al-Asbaat [the Twelve Tribes of Israel], and that which has been given to Moses and Jesus, and that which has been given to the Prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we have submitted (in Islam)” [The Quran: Al-Baqarah 2:136]

Narrated 'Ikrima: Ibn 'Abbaas said, "How can you ask the people of the Scriptures about their Books while you have Allah's Book (the Qur'an) which is the most recent of the Books revealed by Allah, and you read it in its pure undistorted form?" (Sahih Bukhari; Volume 9, Book 93, Number 613)

So what happen? When did the charge of corrupting the words of Jesus happen? Clearly it did not come from the time of Muhammad or from his followers after him. Islam was still trying to formulate an official Quran after the death of Muhammad and some of his close reciters. But once the differences of teachings within Islam were ironed out and the officially recognized version of the Quran was created; then the massive differences between the Bible and Quran became obvious.

Dr. John Wijngaards pointed out: "In the Qur'an Muslims are told to respect the Gospel revealed to Jesus Christ and read by Christians. The Qur'an presupposes that the Gospel possessed by Christians is in fact identical with the original one proclaimed by Jesus. In the first four centuries after Muhammad (600 - 1000 AD) no Muslim theologian seriously contended that the Gospel texts were not authentic. They might accuse Christians of giving a wrong interpretation to the words; they would not dispute the words themselves. As studies of Muslim apologetics have shown it was only with Ibn-Khazem who died at Cordoba in 1064, that the charge of falsification was born."

The Gospel of John was written only 60 or so years after Jesus lived. His gospel poses a problem for the core teachings of Jesus in Islam. The core theme throughout The Gospel of John is the deity of Jesus and Sonship- Son of God. Not to mention the specific record of the crucifixion of Jesus. Are these the corruptions?

Clement of Rome, a disciple of the Apostles, quoted from the gospels as though they were the absolute authority of God spoken by Jesus himself. He was alive when eye witnesses of Jesus were still alive. He had no doubt of their authenticity. Quadratus of Athens even knew some who experienced Jesus' miracles first hand. Irenaeus of Lyons records who exactly wrote the gospels and he was alive during the time of the disciples of the Apostles. He does not question the authenticity of the gospels. Flavius Josephus, a Jewish non-christian historian, begins writing in the 1st century and he unintentionally validates what is recorded in the gospels as fact and authentic.

Because Islam supports the early gospels as being from God and there is ZERO early historical proofs of its corruptions, let us now consider what Jesus is recorded saying in John 17:14-19

14 I have given them Your word. The world hated them because they are not of the world, as I am not of the world. 15 I am not praying that You take them out of the world but that You protect them from the evil one. 16 They are not of the world, as I am not of the world. 17 Sanctify them by the truth; Your word is truth. 18 As You sent Me into the world, I also have sent them into the world. 19 I sanctify Myself for them, so they also may be sanctified by the truth.

If the gospels are of God and Jesus protected the Apostles from Satan; than the teachings of Jesus from the Apostles are not corrupted. Word variants may exist, but the teachings remain. Since Islam agrees that the Gospels are of God; what do the Gospels teach about Jesus?

Jesus pre-existed before Abraham (John 8:48-59, 17:5)

Jesus knew what only God could know (John 6:64, 16:30)

Jesus said he would raise himself up from the dead (John 2:19)

Jesus says he is the Son of God (John 1:34, 49, 3:18, 5:19, 6:45-47, 8:55, 10:36, 14:13, 15:15, 16:15, 19:7, 20:31)

Jesus is Divine (John 1:1,1:4, 8:57-58, 10:30-33)

The Apostles knew what Jesus taught about himself (John 9:38, 20:28)

Jesus himself was on the cross (John 19:26-30)

And these are only quotes from Jesus out of The Gospel of John. Many more can be found in the other gospels. The teachings of Jesus in the Quran are, on the surface, very similar to what is recorded in the gospels. But where did the disconnect come from? Two thing:

The author(s) of the Quran failed to actually understand the teachings of Jesus and what was recorded in the gospels. They could not deny the divine nature of the gospels but had to explain why there was misunderstanding. They could not understand the sonship and divinity of Jesus; thus instead of agreeing a misunderstanding exists, they believed that it was the gospels that were at fault.

The author(s) of the Quran ignorantly listened to early heretical teachings that distorted what the gospels actually taught; believing that these false teachings (corrupted Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions and Gnostic writings) were from the gospels, they then concluded that the gospels were corrupted when in fact it was their sources.

Because the author(s) of the Quran concluded that they did not misunderstand the gospels about Jesus and that it was the gospels that were wrong; they then had to conclude that the gospels were corrupted in order to maintain the divine source of the original gospels. John Damascene (c. 675 or 676 – 4 December 749)

“... a false prophet named Mohammed has appeared in their midst. This man, after having chanced upon the Old and New Testaments and likewise, it seems, having conversed with an Arian monk, devised his own heresy. Then, having insinuated himself into the good graces of the people by a show of seeming piety, he gave out that a certain book had been sent down to him from heaven. He had set down some ridiculous compositions in this book of his and he gave it to them as an object of veneration.”

Arianism (rejected at the First Council of Constantinople in 381AD) teaches that the Son of God was created, denies the Trinity, and teaches that the Holy Spirit is just a power or force. Docetism (rejected at the First Council of Nicaea in 325AD) teaches that Jesus only appeared to be physically present on the cross but was not actually. The same ideas found in the Quran. The author(s) of the Quran got their understandings from heretical sources and not from the gospels. The Quran agrees with the gospels on minor details about Jesus but rejects the most important details of his identity. Also read Who Wrote The Quran and Islam: Muhammad's Fatal Mistake

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The Second Discourse of Great Seth, The Dissection

The Second Discourse of Great Seth, traditionally called the Second Treatise (or Logos) of the Great Seth, is a speech or message of Jesus about salvific knowledge & the true meaning of the crucifixion in the face of the theology of the emerging Orthodox Church. The title of the text, given entirely in Greek at the end of the document, calls the text in the 2nd, ‘logos,’ the divine word, as in…

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perfectblendmedia · 7 years

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101 Social Media Marketing Resources

Here is a monster record of social media marketing tools to help expand your understanding of this inherent ecosystem. These tools are helpful for social and novices media mavens alike, trying to hone their business skills and to find out about the area.

This list is broken into segments, to make it more easy to utilize. There are more offerings centered on topic or a particular platform as well as networking tools covering social networking.

Now without further ado, here are 101 Social Media Marketing Resources, the 2012 Edition. From the spirit of helping the media advertising community, please share the link to this page and to connect to it.

Social Media Top 5 Resources

Listed below are the very best media concentrated tools that are online. These entities provide quality material on a regular basis.

Social Media Examiner. A leading Ad Age 150 website that offers actionable social media strategies. A from the media area that is social. (Disclaimer: I write for SME and this site was chosen as a Best Social Media Blog of 2012.)

Mashable. The brand name from the social media space. It is helpful for staying on top of trends however, can be elementary for social media users.

Smart Brief for Social Media. That is an excellent digest of social media content. At the very least, its newsletter provides a rounded up the day’s top social media reports. Andy Sernovitz is boasted by its editorial staff. (Disclaimer: I write for SBFSM.)

Hubspot. As an Internet advertising company, Hubspot’s blog, webinars and ebooks provide a plethora of information and social networking data. Understand that their schedule is to sell their software. Hubspot is the house of networking statistics scientist Dan Zarrella.

Who’s Blogging What. This weekly email curates some of the best on what’s happening from the blogsphere. It is a fantastic overview of current networking content.

Social Media Bookshelf. For People Who still believe in publications, here’s a Brief list of a Few of the gems presently available. These books use to social media generally.

Bodnar, Kipp and Jeffrey L. Cohen (no connection) The B2B Social Media Book. This for B2B marketers that believe that they can not do social media. Two guys who have learned from inside of two important companies delivering technologies for media written it.

Dietrich, Gini and Geoff Livingston Marketing From The Round. Both of these writers provide an actionable plan for integrating media that is social along with functions.

Dragon, Ric Social Marketology. Among the books that are very smart of 2012. Ric provides tips and graphs to a combination of strategy and tactics.

Kerpen, Dave Likeable Business and Likeable Social Media. Dave demonstrates how to use media to transform your company from the interior. Dave, his spouse and co-partner Carrie, live media and word of mouth advertising.

Odden, Lee Optimize. Lee provides a strategic view of how social networking, content and search advertising work together. This publication provides you how-tos that are actionable according to Lee’s 9 years old blogging in Online Marketing Blog.

Scott, David Meerman The New Rules of Marketing and PR Among the early books on social media. My NYU graduate students find this book too elementary or it is loved by them. Check out e-books and David Meerman Scott’s site.

Singh, Shiv Social Media Marketing For Dummies. Do not let the name fool you. Shiv is just one very intelligent marketer!

Smith, Mari The New Relationship Marketing. This novel from one of the media stone stars provides a road map for stepping into the media ecosphere and building a following.

Social Media Theory

These publications should be on every social media bookshelf. They provide underpinnings behind media and the backdrop and it works.

Aaker, Jennifer The Dragonfly Impact. This books shows how to work with social media with unusual situation studies.

Anderson, Chris The Long Tail along with Free. As a lower cost alternative, you can read the original articles on Wired’s site.

Brogan, Chris along with Julien Smith Trust Agents.

Evans, Dave Social Media Marketing: An Hour a Day. Dave provides a plan for your media attempts that are social.

Gladwell, Malcolm The Tipping Point and Blink.

Godin, Seth Tribes and Linchpin. Seth is a successful writer and has been cranking out advertising books for decades. My personal favorite is Permission advertising.

Keller, Ed and Jon Berry The Influentials. This publication offers explanation for underpinnings of word of mouth marketing and the role of influence.

Li, Charlene along with Josh Bernoff Groundswell. Great read about how social media marketing works by 2 Forrester Researchers. Some may find it historic.

Locke, Christopher, Rick Levine, Doc Searls, and David Weinberger Cluetrain Manifesto. Written in 1998, this book is wonderful in its own foresight. It is a classic treatise that offers the idea behind media.

McConnell, Ben and Jackie Huba Citizen Marketing: When Individuals are the Message.

Sernovitz, Andy Word of Mouth Marketing: How Smart Companies Get Folks Speaking Easy-to-read publication by the former CEO of the Word of Mouth Marketing Association.

Shirky, Clay Here Comes Everyone. Very readable book by NYU professor Clay Shirky that approaches social media from a sociological perspective.

Solis, Brian The End of Business as Usual along with Engage. Brian Solis’ blog is essential read for marketers.

Surowiecki, James The Wisdom of Crowds. Interesting research that provides insights as to why media works.

Other social media sources.

That is a choice of social media tools worth checking out.

30 Social Media Definitions. Need help defining social networking for your boss? Here’s the resource for you.

47 Social Media Facts. Nothing but the truth. Charts included.

Social Media Glossary. 100 Social media conditions.

How to Make the Company Case for Social Media. Here’s an easy-to-follow guide.

2012 Social Media Marketing and Advertising Industry Report. Research by Social Media Examiner.

360i, Social Media Handbook. Great free manual for marketers. Download it and find out for yourself.

Marekto’s The Definitive Guide to Social Marketing. A company composed e-book that is well worth downloading.

The 7 Step Social Media Strategy Every Marketer Needs. Short and to the stage Program.

50 Questions to Determine Social Media Success. Useful checklist for marketers.

Facebook.

Networking platforms’ 800 pound guerilla.

Facebook. The corporate spin in.

InsideFacebook. Here’s the unofficial manual to Facebook for marketers and programmers. Include this on your feed (aka RSS) reader.

AllFacebook. Another unofficial guide that will assist you keep up with Facebook.

Porterfield, Amy, Phyllis Khare and Andrea Vahl Facebook for Dummies All in One. Amy is one of the top Facebook gurus.

Treadway, Chris and Mari Smith Facebook Marketing. Mari is one of the Facebook pros. You can follow her on Twitter.

9 Surefire Facebook Tips. Examples included.

Facebook versus Twitter. Chart included.

YouTube

Both the largest online video platform as well as also the second search engine so that you can not overlook this powerhouse plans as it’s a mixture of social media, content marketing and search optimization.

Greg Jarboe and Suzie Reider YouTube and Video Marketing Great how-to book to get you started.

8 Ways to Maximize Your YouTube Outcomes. Includes examples.

31 Online Video Branding Questions. Useful checklist to help evaluate your own video campaign’s strength.

Blogging

Blogs ought to be in the heart of any media marketing plan that is social that is incorporated. They act as a CMS (Content Management System) and assist search optimization and disperse content advertising.

Copyblogger. Considered the concept of blogging, especially for company objectives. That you’re on top of the hottest trends, make this RSS feed. Try out the Blogging Challenge as a downloading e-book or.

Problogger. Another must read for bloggers.

The Way To Plan Your Blog. Details what you have to get your site on track.

Blogging: 3 Secrets to Being An A-List Blogger.

31 Blog Design Mistakes (& How to Fix Them)

11 Tips to Optimize your site

29 Reasons Why You Are Not Getting Blog Traffic.

65 Blog Metrics to Track Success.

#BlogChat. Meets on Twitter every Sunday night at 9:00pm east coast time. Run by Mack Collier. It is essential for every new blogger. (See notes under Twitter talks.)

Twitter

Bites. It is particularly helpful for marketing purposes.

Twitter Blog. Twitter’s official blog.

Schaefer, Mark W. The Tao of Twitter. Words of wisdom from Mark.

Thomases, Hollis Twitter Marketing. Fellow ClickZ columnist Hollis’ book covers the topic in depth. At least follow her on Twitter!

24 Twitter Etiquette Guidelines. Miss Manners for Twitter.

How to Create a Twitter Strategy. Fundamental guide for marketers.

15 Steps to Build Your Twitter Following. Another manual that is basic.

Twitter Chat Program. For.

How to be a Twitter Chat Champion. How to jump into the fray on almost any Twitter Chat.

LinkedIn is your professionally concentrated media platform.

LinkedIn Blog. This is the official blog of LinkedIn.

27 LinkedIn Social Media Strategies. Strong list with screenshots from fellow ClickZ columnist Harry Gold. Lewis, A former college football player is one of the experts on LinkedIn.

7 Steps to your LinkedIn Strategy. Here’s a useful case study through Social Media Examiner.

Neal Schaffer — Windmill Networking: Understanding, Leveraging & Maximizing LinkedIn.

Pinterest is your networking darling of 2012.

Hayden, Beth Pinfluence.

Pinterest Etiquette — 13 Ideas to Slim By. Here’s the inside scoop on Pinterest.

19 motives to Insert Pinterest to Your Social Media Strategy.

56 Ways to Advertise Your Business on Pinterest. This report makes it difficult to say you do not know what to do to your company with Pinterest.

7 Surprising Pinterest Insights Every Marketer Needs.

Google+

Brogan, Chris Google+ For Company.

Ignore Google+ in Your Risk. Listed below are 8 graphs That Produce the situation for utilizing Google+

Why Every Company Requires A Google+ Strategy. Strong believing from SEOmoz’s Rand Fishkin.

Additional Social Media Options

Instagram Research You Want Now. 7 graphs that supply you with the rationale for utilizing this media program.

Wheatland, Todd Slideshare. Here’s the bible about how best to use this B2B advertising instrument.

10 Strategies for Using Slideshare. Slideshare is a B2B marketer’s heaven.

22 Point Checklist for Slideshare. Useful list to print out.

The Marketer’s Guide to Tumblr. A manual that teaches you how you can use this platform.

How to (Properly) Use Tumblr to Successfully Market Your New.

Online photos

Do not overlook the ability of online photos as it’s the second most popular use of a smartphone following texting.

250+ Free Stock Photograph Sites. If you want to have more options than Flickr, appear no more.

Flickr. That is my favorite source of pictures. Use Advanced Search to locate photos you may use commercially.

How to Optimize Images for Better Search Positions. Neil Patel’s record is essential read.

Images & Photos: How to Raise Social Media Effectiveness.

Social Media Guidelines

Every company (B2B, B2C or Not-For-Profit) needs to provide guidelines for how its workers must represent the company, how workers must signify themselves, how clients should be handled, and establish acceptable behaviour on company sites and social media entities. This is essential if your company isn’t busy on media.

17 Social Media Guidelines Every Business Needs. Checklist from that to create your company’ guidelines.

7 Guidelines for Things to Do During a Social Media Crisis. The way to be prepared for each and every executive’s nightmare.

Social Media’s Social Responsibility. 10 points to think about in order to produce your social networking advertising efforts more accountable.

57 Social Media Policy Sources. Dave Fleet provides a very long list that will assist you create a set of social media policies.

Army’s Social Media Handbook. Think that your company can not take part in media? Think again. If the Army can, so can you.

Ford Company’s Social Media Policies. Great succinct version of a single company’s guidelines which incorporate visuals that are terrific with the help of Scott Monty.

Cisco’s Social Media Playbook. Another business’s more in-depth approach to social media guidelines.

Social Media PR

Use PR to enhance your social media efforts.

Social Media Press Release. Here’s the original social media press release prototype.

HARO (aka Help a Reporter Out). This free service provides PR opportunities directly to your emailbox three times every day. Use it to get your story in the media but play by the rules.

How to Prevent a Social Media Disaster. Something which each and every marketer should know, even when you’re not performing any social media marketing!

Social Media Metrics

ROI and Social media metrics continue to marketers. Here is a list of tools that will assist you.

Blanchard, Olivier Social Media ROI. Manual for showing media’s worth to your company.

Paine, K.D. Measure What Matters. Katie brings intelligence to an topic that is elusive.

Schaefer, Mark W. Return on Influence. Mark provides a guide to knowing how to assess and build influence.

Socialbakers. Social media related data. Part of a bigger analytics company.

Sponder, Marshall Social Media Analytics.

Sterne, Jim Social Media Metrics. Jim Sterne has been in the center of electronic marketing metrics for several years. He conducts the conferences.

As social media continues to grow and evolve, new and much more current resources will continue to be generated and released. For this end, please help contribute to our collective understanding by adding your ideas below.

Happy marketing, Heidi Cohen

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Artists: Lutz Bacher, Lynda Benglis, Ernesto Caivano, James Crosby, Olivia Erlanger, Ryan Estep, John Gerrard, Elias Hansen, Max Hooper Schneider, Shaun Krupa, Helmut Lang, Kris Lemsalu, Sherrie Levine, Lila de Magalhaes, Donald Moffett, David Seth Moltz, Dominic Nurre, Holt Quentel, Pilar Quinteros, Lauren Satlowski, Oscar Tuazon, Thaddeus Wolfe, Phillip Zach

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Exhibition Title: Wormwood

Curated by: Todd von Ammon

Date: July 7 – August 12, 2017

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Full gallery of images, press release and link available after the jump.

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Images courtesy of Ellis King, Dublin

Press Release:

Wormwood’s first layer is simply the word itself—wood qualified with worm. First, the worm itself: there’s a fantastic non-translatable word in German, durchschlängeln which translates roughly as, “to worm one’s way through”—or as the case may be, to survive via some form of linear (often digestion-like) struggle (the worm chandeliers of Thaddeus Wolfe; the ghostly crawlers of Phillip Zach). Adjacent in many cases to the worm in this show is the artwork full of holes— some cavities made organically by worms, others made through tearing, drilling or chewing (the metaphoric knot paintings of Sherrie Levine; the chewed up tarpaulins of Holt Quentel; the burnt- out tapestries of Lila de Magalhaes; the literally worm eaten wood panels by Eli Hansen and Oscar Tuazon). Other works represent vomit or excrement (the half-digested morsels embedded in Kris Lemsalu’s ceramics; the erect, fecal totems of Helmut Lang; the peeled skin forms of Lynda Benglis’ ceramics)—whatever the worm casts away in its indifferent pursuit of more life.

The second layer is one that defies simple notions of inner and outer space: Artemisia absinthium (absinth wormwood) is a plant whose ancient service to humanity was as an anti parasite [1] — literally a wood that killed worms in the digestive tract. References to sickness and antiseptics find themselves as a dichotomy between Ryan Estep’s slippery and precarious antibacterial soap balls throughout the room versus the pestilent sculpture by James Crosby of a body overwhelmed by metastatic disease. The curatively toxic properties of artimisia found macrocosmic context in the book of revelation: the Wormwood Star—inverted from its use in the human gut—poisons one third of the earth’s waters as worldly existence comes to a close. This inverted, astral body finds shape in Ernesto Caivano’s ethereal works on paper, which confound the normally distinctive spaces of the cellular versus the intergalactic—his ongoing nocturnes series based on of the visual parity between the optic nerve’s fireworks and the night sky. This extraordinary and uncanny image of a poisonous star lowering itself to the earth’s surface has a great synchronicity to another of wormwood’s greatest characteristics – as the mild psychedelic ingredient in absinthe. One can almost imagine a drunken reveler admiring a fearsome night sky turned fairy green. To this point, every work in the show is concerned with vision—both psychological and metaphysical. In John Gerrard’s Flag (Danube), an ever-changing river surface carries a stubborn but captivating polychrome oil slick—a louche harbinger of extinction on earth.

The third layer of Wormwood is the wilderness—or whatever claim we have to one in the contemporary era. Like some bizarre cosmic joke, the Ukranian place name of Chernobyl derives itself from Chornobyl, which translates to wormwood. In Chornobyl, a particularly intrepid ecology thrives in lieu of human civilization. Max Hooper Schneider’s Rhizosphere masquerades as a wild bramble in the wilderness: upon closer examination it is a bolus of chain link crudely shaped by a garbage compactor—its iridescence is a cruel and robust reminder of the dancing oil slick on the water.

As the layers fall off of this slippery (and cunning) word, it not only resembles an aspirational place name (like Hollywood), seems to also have existed as a warning since the pre-biblical era. Meanwhile, in Chornobyl, the artemisia plant promulgates its genes, unchecked by humanity. Scattered across Wormwood the exhibition are flimsy artifacts from the future—Shaun Krupa’s painting of a human hand emerging from a nepenthes garden; Lutz Bacher’s hewn, perfunctory ursine idol; Lauren Satlowski’s painting of humanoids encountering one another in the miasma; Dominic Nurre’s physiognomic coconut mile-markers; the cast-off, featherweight scurf of architecture by Pilar Quinteros. The proposal that Wormwood could indeed be a fantastical place name (as is Hollywood) was that which caused me to pursue this show to such an end.

I felt like this show wouldn’t be complete without its own miasma— the notion that the death of earth is not only visible but is sinking into living tissue simultaneously. David Seth Moltz created three new fragrances presented as diffused oils: one that smells like jasmine and artemisia; one that smells like dying insects; and one that smells like a mountain on fire.

In conclusion, this is a show about the consequences of worming (durchschlängeln) on planet earth. It is not an aspiration but more of an osmosis of undeniable, fearful truths.

[1] Berners, Juliana. The boke of Seynt Albans: containing treatises on hawking, hunting, and cote armour. St. Albans: Printed by the schoolmaster- printer, 1486

Link: “Wormwood” at Ellis King

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eli-kittim · 3 years

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The Quran’s Alternative Christianity

By Goodreads Author Eli Kittim

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Christianity’s Influence on the Quran

Although polytheism was the dominant form of religion in pre-Islamic Arabia, the Quran was diametrically opposed to this view and superseded it with its own brand of monotheism. The unknown author(s) of the Quran was obviously influenced by the Gnostic religion of the Mandaeans, who are sometimes called "Christians of Saint John," and by that of the Sabians or Manichaeans, who revered certain prophets, such as Zoroaster and Jesus. Despite these strong surrounding influences, however, the author(s) of the Quran seems to gravitate towards the Judeo-Christian Bible, paying special attention to the Jesus story and accepting even some of its more miraculous or fantastic elements, such as the virgin birth and the 2nd coming. That’s a clue that Christianity made a greater impact on the author(s) of the Quran than, say, Mithraism, Zoroastrianism, or Mazdakism! If, on the other hand, the author(s) of the Quran had used Judaism as a prototype of his new religion, then, in principle, he would never have accepted the Christian claims. Besides, Islam doesn’t show strict adherence to circumcision or the Law. And even though Moses and Abraham are mentioned more times than Jesus in the Quran, it’s rather obvious that Christianity had made a deeper impact on the author(s) than any other religion! And just as Christianity accepted the Hebrew Bible, so did the Quran.

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A Christian Revolt

Do you really know what the Quran is? Answer: the product of a late *Gnostic Christian revolt* against Byzantine Orthodoxy. No wonder its adherents hated Constantinople so vigorously that they finally sacked it in 1453 ce. What I am proposing is that the *Gnostic-Christian Sects* that were marginalized by Byzantine Orthodoxy from the fourth century onwards didn’t go away quietly but seemingly conspired against the Church during the early part of the dark ages! The result of those efforts eventuated in the Book we now call the Quran. The syncretistic-gnostic elements present in the Quran suggest that it was in fact an amalgamation of heresies that characterized many different Gnostic Christian sects.

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The Apocryphal Reformation

After the 4th-Century Church solidified itself theologically and otherwise within the Roman Empire and began to accept certain “canonical” texts while excluding others, those communities that held to the *rejected* gnostic and so-called “apocryphal” works eventually united to form their own Bible. The result was the Quran, which was mostly based on a variety of Jewish and Christian apocryphal and Gnostic texts!

Over time, Islam gradually lost it’s connection to Christianity (much like Christianity did when it broke away from Judaism) and became an independent religion in its own right. It may have been more Christ-centered at the beginning. But in order to distinguish itself from its rival Christian counterparts it would have had to significantly deemphasize its central Christian tenets. So, the first communities that gave rise to the Quran most probably comprised Gnostic Christians. Thus, the author of the Quran may have been seeking to take revenge on his Orthodox superiors, much like what a disgruntled Christian priest would do at a local church. Martin Luther immediately comes to mind and, with him, the Protestant Reformation!

——-

The Beginning of Islam as a Christian Minority Religion

No wonder the Quran reveres the Christian dogmas of the virgin birth and the second coming of Jesus, while putting less emphasis on the historical Jesus, his atonement, and his divinity! And the Islamic traditions begin to make more sense from this perspective, as, for example, when the Nestorian monk Bahira in Bosra foretold to the adolescent Muhammad his future prophetic career. And just as Orthodoxy condemned the Gnostic Christian texts as *heretical* and *uninspired*, Islam must have fired back at them alleging that the so-called “canonical Christian texts” themselves were *corrupt*. It seems, then, that Islam itself came out of these early Gnostic-Nestorian Christian roots! In other words, even though it now openly competes with Christianity for converts, originally, Islam must have been a Christian minority religion on the fringes of the Eastern Roman Empire that was well-aware of all the debates that were raging all around them.

——-

The New Testament Epistles Concur with the Apocryphal Texts that Undergird the Quran

As an offshoot of Christian Gnosticism, with an emphasis on personal existential experience rather than reason or doctrine, the Quran was, perhaps, closer to the truth than the pontifical, dogmatic Christianity of the Roman Empire. Gnosis, after all, was all about knowing rather than believing. And just because the Gnostic Christian texts were rejected by the church does not necessarily mean that they were wholly uninspired. For example, the Second Treatise of the Great Seth and the Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter, as attested in the Quran (Sura 4:157-158), doubt the established Crucifixion story and, by implication, perhaps even Jesus’ historicity. In other words, the Quran picked up Docetic thoughts and Gnostic ideas and asserted that all the acts and sufferings of Jesus’ life, including the crucifixion, were mere appearances. This is a noteworthy observation because, unlike the theological gospels, the New Testament epistles also suggest that Christ did not die in antiquity. Rather, they claim that he will be revealed “at the final point of time” (1 Pet. 1.20 NJB) and will die “once in the end of the world” (Heb. 9.26b). This idea of an earthly, eschatological messiah is also echoed in the pseudepigraphical Jewish-Christian texts, The Ascension of Isaiah and the Testament of Solomon. But it had been subsequently suppressed by Orthodox Christianity, which confused theology with history, and turned prophecy into biography. So, in this sense, Islam was correct in maintaining that the New Testament had been corrupted: not the text itself, but rather it’s interpretation.

However, as time passed, and as Islam separated itself more and more from Christianity, it, too, began to lose touch with the central tenet of Christ’s divinity, while its adherents took too many liberties with the original doctrines and became less and less “Christian”! To the extent that Islam gravitated away from Christ as the focal point of its doctrines, it, too, became corrupt, so much so that the deity of Christ was completely ignored or denied. Eventually, the religion’s deity became more identified with the monotheistic God of the Jews than with that of the Christians. That was the beginning of something new: the birth of a new religion!

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Family Feud Among the Abrahamic Religions

To sum up, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all part of the family of Abraham. Hence why they are called Abrahamic religions. Christianity, which grew out of Judaism, in turn, gave birth to Islam! But in the end, it’s like a dysfunctional family where the grandfather, father, and son can’t get along with each other.

——-

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ifyouseekay468 · 3 years

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The second treatise of the great Seth slaps because the idea of someone accidentally getting crucified instead of Jesus whose calling all the major biblical figures laughingstocks can both be hillarious or horrifying

Hillarious: this is just the plot of Monte Python and The Life Of Brian

Horrifying: Jesus sitting back and letting someone go through the pain and suffering that he was meant to, laughing about it

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cstesttaken · 7 years

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101 Social Media Marketing Resources

Here’s a monster list of social media marketing resources to help expand your knowledge of this ever-changing ecosystem. These resources are useful for newbies and social media mavens alike, looking to learn about the field as well as to hone their business skills.

To make it easier to use, this list is broken into sections. There are broad-based social media resources covering social media as a whole as well as more specialized offerings focused on a specific platform or topic.

Now without further ado, here are 101 Social Media Marketing Resources, the 2012 Edition. In the spirit of helping the social media marketing community, please share the link to this page as well as to link to it.

Social Media Top 5 Resources

Here are the top social media focused online resources. These entities provide quality content on a regular basis.

Social Media Examiner. A top Ad Age 150 blog that provides actionable social media tactics. A must-have for anyone in the social media field. (Disclaimer: I write for SME and this blog was chosen as a Top Social Media Blog of 2012.)

Mashable. The brand name in the social media space. It’s useful for staying on top of trends but can be fairly elementary for regular social media users.

Smart Brief for Social Media. This is a great digest of social media content. At a minimum, its daily newsletter gives a round up the day’s top social media stories. Its editorial team boasts Andy Sernovitz, former CEO of WOMMA. (Disclaimer: I write for SBFSM.)

Hubspot. As an Internet marketing firm, Hubspot’s blog, ebooks and webinars provide a wealth of information and social media data. Understand that their agenda is to sell their software. Hubspot is the home of social media data scientist Dan Zarrella.

Who’s Blogging What. This weekly email curates some of the best on what’s happening from the blogsphere. It’s a good overview of current social media content.

Social Media Bookshelf. For those who still believe in books, here’s a short list of some of the gems currently available. These books apply to social media in general.

Bodnar, Kipp and Jeffrey L. Cohen (no relation) The B2B Social Media Book. This for B2B marketers who think that they can’t do social media. It’s written by two guys who’ve learned from inside of two important firms delivering technology for social media.

Dietrich, Gini and Geoff Livingston Marketing In The Round. These two authors provide an actionable plan for integrating social media with other more traditional communications functions.

Dragon, Ric Social Marketology. One of the really smart books of 2012. Ric provides a combination of strategy and tactics with actionable tips and charts.

Kerpen, Dave Likeable Business and Likeable Social Media. Dave shows how to use social media to transform your business from the inside out. Dave, his wife and co-partner Carrie, live social media and word of mouth marketing.

Odden, Lee Optimize. Lee provides a strategic view of how social media, search and content marketing work together. This book gives you bite-size actionable how-tos based on Lee’s 9+ years of blogging at Online Marketing Blog.

Scott, David Meerman The New Rules of Marketing and PR One of the early books on social media. My NYU graduate students either find this book too elementary or they love it. Check out David Meerman Scott’s blog and e-books.

Singh, Shiv Social Media Marketing For Dummies. Don’t let the title fool you. Shiv is one very smart marketer!

Smith, Mari The New Relationship Marketing. This book by one of the social media rock stars provides a road map for stepping into the social media ecosphere and building a following.

Social Media Theory

These books should be on every social media bookshelf. They provide the background and underpinnings behind social media and why it works.

Aaker, Jennifer The Dragonfly Effect. This books shows how to use social media with unusual case studies.

Anderson, Chris The Long Tail and Free. As a lower cost alternative, you can read the original articles on Wired’s site.

Brogan, Chris and Julien Smith Trust Agents.

Evans, Dave Social Media Marketing: An Hour a Day. Dave offers a logical plan for your social media efforts.

Gladwell, Malcolm The Tipping Point and Blink.

Godin, Seth Tribes and Linchpin. Seth is a prolific writer and has been cranking out marketing books for years. My personal favorite is Permission Marketing.

Keller, Ed and Jon Berry The Influentials. This book provides explanation for underpinnings of word of mouth marketing and the role of influence.

Li, Charlene and Josh Bernoff Groundswell. Good read about how social media marketing works by two Forrester Researchers. Some may find it more historical now.

Locke, Christopher, Rick Levine, Doc Searls, and David Weinberger Cluetrain Manifesto. Written in 1998, this book is amazing in its foresight. It’s a classic treatise that provides the theory behind social media.

McConnell, Ben and Jackie Huba Citizen Marketing: When People are the Message.

Sernovitz, Andy Word of Mouth Marketing: How Smart Companies Get People Talking Easy-to-read book by the former CEO of the Word of Mouth Marketing Association.

Shirky, Clay Here Comes Everyone. Very readable book by NYU professor Clay Shirky that approaches social media from a sociological perspective.

Solis, Brian The End of Business as Usual and Engage. Brian Solis’ blog is a must read for marketers.

Surowiecki, James The Wisdom of Crowds. Interesting research that provides insights as to why social media works.

Other social media resources.

This is a selection of digital social media resources worth checking out.

30 Social Media Definitions. Need help defining social media for your boss? Here’s the resource for you.

47 Social Media Facts. Nothing but the facts. Charts included.

Social Media Glossary. 100 Social media terms.

How to Make the Business Case for Social Media. Here’s an easy-to-follow guide to help you make your case.

2012 Social Media Marketing Industry Report. Research by Social Media Examiner.

360i, Social Media Handbook. Great free guide for marketers. Download it and see for yourself.

Marekto’s The Definitive Guide to Social Marketing. A corporate written e-book that’s worth downloading.

The 7 Step Social Media Strategy Every Marketer Needs. Short and to the point plan.

50 Questions to Determine Social Media Success. Useful checklist for marketers.

Facebook.

The current 800 pound guerilla of social media platforms.

Facebook. The corporate spin from inside the social media giant that’s worth monitoring.

InsideFacebook. Here’s the unofficial guide to Facebook for marketers and programmers. Include this in your feed (aka RSS) reader.

AllFacebook. Another unofficial guide to help you keep up with Facebook.

Porterfield, Amy, Phyllis Khare and Andrea Vahl Facebook for Dummies All in One. Amy is one of the top Facebook gurus.

Treadway, Chris and Mari Smith Facebook Marketing. Mari is one of the Facebook experts. You can also follow her on Twitter.

9 Surefire Facebook Tips. Examples included.

Facebook versus Twitter. Chart included.

YouTube

Both the largest online video platform and the second biggest search engine so that you can’t overlook this video powerhouse in your marketing plans since it’s a combination of content marketing, social media and search optimization.

Greg Jarboe and Suzie Reider YouTube and Video Marketing Great how-to book to get you started.

8 Ways to Maximize Your YouTube Results. Includes examples.

31 Online Video Branding Questions. Useful checklist to help evaluate the strength of your video campaign.

Blogging

Blogs should be at the heart of any integrated social media marketing plan. They act as a CMS (Content Management System) and help search optimization and distribute content marketing.

Copyblogger. Considered the bible of blogging, especially for business goals. Get this RSS feed so that you’re on top of the latest trends. Try the 31-day Blogging Challenge either as a paid download e-book or in its original blog post format, which takes searching to find.

Problogger. Another must read for bloggers.

How to Plan Your Blog. Details what you need to get your blog on track.

Blogging: 3 Secrets to Being An A-List Blogger.

31 Blog Design Mistakes (& How to Fix Them)

11 Tips to Optimize your blog

29 Reasons You Aren’t Getting Blog Traffic.

65 Blog Metrics to Track Success.

#BlogChat. Meets on Twitter every Sunday night at 9:00pm east coast time. Run by Mack Collier. It’s a must for every new blogger. (See notes below about Twitter chats.)

Twitter

Provides the ability to communicate in 140 character bites. It’s particularly useful for marketing purposes.

Twitter Blog. Twitter’s official blog.

Schaefer, Mark W. The Tao of Twitter. Words of wisdom from Mark.

Thomases, Hollis Twitter Marketing. Fellow ClickZ columnist Hollis’ book covers the subject in depth. At least follow her on Twitter!

24 Twitter Etiquette Guidelines. Miss Manners for Twitter.

How to Create a Twitter Strategy. Basic guide for marketers.

15 Steps to Build Your Twitter Following. Another basic guide.

Twitter Chat Schedule. For those who want to participate in chats.

How to be a Twitter Chat Champion. How to jump into the fray on any Twitter Chat.

LinkedIn is the professionally focused social media platform.

LinkedIn Blog. This is the official blog of LinkedIn.

27 LinkedIn Social Media Strategies. Strong list with screenshots from fellow ClickZ columnist Harry Gold. A former college football player, Lewis is one of the experts on LinkedIn.

7 Steps to a LinkedIn Strategy. Here’s a useful case study via Social Media Examiner.

Neal Schaffer – Windmill Networking: Understanding, Leveraging & Maximizing LinkedIn.

Pinterest is the social media darling of 2012.

Hayden, Beth Pinfluence.

Pinterest Etiquette – 13 Tips to Pin By. Here’s the inside scoop on Pinterest.

19 Reasons to Add Pinterest to Your Social Media Strategy.

56 Ways to Market Your Business on Pinterest. This article makes it hard to say you don’t know what to do for your business with Pinterest.

7 Surprising Pinterest Insights Every Marketer Needs.

Google+

Brogan, Chris Google+ For Business.

Ignore Google+ at Your Risk. Here are 8 charts that make the case for using Google+

Why Every Business Needs A Google+ Strategy. Strong thinking from SEOmoz’s Rand Fishkin.

Other Social Media Options

Instagram Research You Need Now. 7 charts that provide you with the rationale for using this social media application.

Wheatland, Todd Slideshare. Here’s the bible on how to use this B2B marketing tool.

10 Tips for Using Slideshare. Slideshare is a B2B marketer’s heaven.

22 Point Checklist for Slideshare. Useful list to print out.

The Marketer’s Guide to Tumblr. A step-by-step guide that shows you how to use this microblogging platform.

How to (Properly) Use Tumblr to Successfully Market Your Brand.

Online photos

Don’t overlook the power of online photographs in your marketing mix since it’s the second most popular use of a smartphone after texting.

250+ Free Stock Photograph Sites. If you want more options than Flickr, look no more.

Flickr. This is my favorite source of images. Use Advanced Search to find photos you can use commercially.

How to Optimize Images for Better Search Rankings. Neil Patel’s list is a must read.

Images & Photos: How to Increase Social Media Effectiveness.

Social Media Guidelines

Every business (B2B, B2C or Not-For-Profit) must provide guidelines for how its employees should represent the company, how employees should represent themselves, how customers should be treated, and define acceptable behavior on company websites and social media entities. This is necessary even if your firm isn’t active on social media.

17 Social Media Guidelines Every Firm Needs. Checklist from which to create your business’ guidelines.

7 Guidelines for What to Do During a Social Media Crisis. How to be prepared for every executive’s nightmare.

Social Media’s Social Responsibility. 10 points to consider in order to make your social media marketing efforts more accountable.

57 Social Media Policy Sources. Dave Fleet provides a long list to help you develop a set of social media policies.

Army’s Social Media Handbook. Think that your firm can’t engage in social media? Think again. If the Army can, so can you.

Ford Company’s Social Media Policies. Great concise version of one company’s guidelines that incorporate great visuals with the help of Scott Monty.

Cisco’s Social Media Playbook. Another company’s more in-depth approach to social media guidelines.

Social Media PR

Use PR to enhance your social media efforts.

Social Media Press Release. Here’s the original social media press release prototype.

HARO (aka Help a Reporter Out). This free service delivers PR opportunities straight to your emailbox three times a day. Use it to get your story in the media but play by the rules.

How to Prevent a Social Media Disaster. Something that every marketer needs to know, even if you’re not doing any social media marketing!

Social Media Metrics

Social media metrics and ROI continue to confound marketers. Here’s a list of resources to help you.

Blanchard, Olivier Social Media ROI. Useful guide for showing social media’s value to your organization.

Paine, K.D. Measure What Matters. Katie brings intelligence to an often elusive topic.

Schaefer, Mark W. Return on Influence. Mark provides a guide to understanding how to assess and build influence.

Socialbakers. Useful social media related data. Part of a larger analytics firm.

Sponder, Marshall Social Media Analytics.

Sterne, Jim Social Media Metrics. Jim Sterne has been at the center of digital marketing metrics for years. He runs the eMetrics conferences.

As social media continues to grow and evolve, new and more current resources will continue to be created and published. To this end, please help contribute to our collective knowledge by adding your suggestions in the comments section below.

Happy marketing, Heidi Cohen

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