#Madame Necker
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Suzanne Curchod (1737 – 6 May 1794) was a French-Swiss salonist and writer. She hosted one of the most celebrated salons of the Ancien Régime. She also led the development of the Hospice de Charité, a model small hospital in Paris that still exists today as the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital. She was the wife of French finance minister Jacques Necker, and is often referenced in historical documents as Madame Necker.
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Before beginning this critique, as I have not finished reading the books, I would like to thank aedesluminis for the references she recommended. Without them, I wouldn't even have been able to place Madame de Stael. This is a personal opinion about her, so I allow myself some deviations that should not be present in a historical analysis. At the moment, my initial impression of her has proven to be justified. First of all, the two million livres that Necker advanced as collateral on his personal fortune. Personally, I wouldn't blame the Treasury for not repaying it because we must remember two things:
Necker amused himself with others in obstructing Turgot, who was much more competent than him. If Turgot had not proposed his austerity plan and had not played the "villain", Necker wouldn't have been able to borrow at all (I acknowledge the limitations of Turgot's economy, but I prefer the austerity plans advocated by Lindet and others at the time of 1793; however, Turgot was much more competent than Necker). Necker wanted this position at any cost, and now he must bear the consequences.
By constantly borrowing, playing the image of the false friend of the people denounced by Marat, and especially hiding the realities of the deficit, Necker would have done better to donate 2 million livres to try to redeem himself (even without these 2 million livres, his situation is much better than that of the vast majority of French people at that time). But let's get back to the subject of Germaine de Stael. As the daughter, she is a privileged witness of 1789. She becomes friends with people like Talleyrand and especially Lameth. She is attached to a moderate revolution of 1791 and does not like that the power of the King (executive) is diminished when he still has significant powers such as the right of veto. She suffers insults from the ultra-royalists, but she doesn't like the republicans much either. Contrary to some legends, Manon Roland is quite different from Madame de Stael. Moreover, the grinding of teeth that I would have against Stael is the fact that she approves of the shooting on the Champ de Mars while citizens were signing a petition for the deposition of the king following the flight to Varennes (thus a justified opinion) in the face of the lie of the National Assembly. With this phrase in 1793, "The Terror, he writes, was nothing but arbitrary pushed to the extreme." In her moral double standard, she will later approve of the repression of April 1, 1795, led by the army, the Muscadins. Not to mention the execution of the last Montagnards. Without any consideration for the economic context, namely the abolition of the maximum and the poor harvests of 1794 which pushed the last sans-culottes to rebel (even if I totally disapprove of the macabre assassination of Féraud), Madame de Stael approves once again. In conclusion, if it is republicans from the extreme left wing of 1791 - who were Girondins and some Montagnards -, Jacobins, Cordeliers or sans-culottes demanding repressive measures, they are awful arbitrary actions, but if it is the opposite camp, it can allow killings according to Germaine de Stael. These double standards should never be tolerated. I am exaggerating, but this is how I feel. The guillotine cannot be used against Madame Stael's friends but can be used against people like Charles Gilbert Romme according to her (I am exaggerating again, but you see where I am going with this).
Moreover, she quickly forgot Barras' role, which was one of the bloodiest of the revolution, to curry favor with him (hypocrisy or political calculation, I will be kind and grant her the second option). Furthermore, she who disapproved of the demonstration of April 1, 1795, by the sans-culottes or the petition demanded by the Cordeliers among others following the King's flight, will approve of a coup d'état which is an even more serious and unconstitutional act (because it comes from the army) on the part of Napoleon. Is she aware of her history? In the absence of following the predictions of a Marat, other Cordeliers, Jacobins, and others who believed that the army should never meddle in the affairs of the country, did she follow the excesses of the Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire? Or simply of Roman history? Quality education doesn't guarantee everything... And yes, Madame de Stael was initially a fervent admirer of Napoleon but later became his opponent due to authoritarian abuses. However, I am against in her biographies the fact of exonerating her from her mistake by saying that many people at the time admired Napoleon and supported the coup d'état. It's untrue; Kleber made a report against Napoleon (although he died before the 18th Brumaire), Prieur de la Marne was against Napoleon, Prieur de la Côte d'Or never accepted anything from Napoleon... So no, this excuse doesn't hold. Let's not forget that Germaine Stael made a dubious comparison between Robespierre and Napoleon; Robespierre surely had flaws but not that of being a dictator, and wouldn't sending armed force against the Convention unlike Napoleon. I acknowledge Madame de Stael for being anti-slavery and for having a good opinion of the consequences of the Hundred Days regarding Napoleon, but I must note that she did not suffer (at least not much) unlike other opponents of Napoleon, namely the Belair couple (Charles and Sanité Belair) who were executed, Jean-Baptiste Antoine le Franc (we must not forget that deportation could be worse than death), and even Simone Evrard who was interrogated (I think Napoleon and his governement wouldn't have arrested her too much time and even less deported her because even he would have realized that it would have been hell to pay if he did that against someone considered the widow of Marat) or even Marie Anne Babeuf watched by Napoleon's police and denounced, etc... But I will continue to read the books; I hope that thanks to these books, my opinion of her will evolve.
Source thank you again aedesluminis
Jean Denis Bredin Une singulière famille
Michel Winock Madame de Stael
Gislaine de Diesbach Madame de Stael
#frev#french revolution#madame de stael#napoleon#barras#romme charles gilbert#robespierre#necker#turgot
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Zin in revolutie. Robert Darnton over Parijs 1748-1789
De bestorming van de Bastille op 14 juli 1789 – die geldt als het begin van de Franse revolutie – was niet uitsluitend, of zelfs maar in geringe mate het gevolg van de filosofische inzichten van Montesquieu, Voltaire, d’Alembert, Rousseau of andere denkers van de Verlichting – meent de Amerikaanse historicus Robert Darnton. Ook andere, meer structurele problemen als de opkomst van een moderne…
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#1789#Achttiende Eeuw#Arlette Farge#ballonvaart#Bastille#Calonne#Foucault#François-Hubert Drouais#Franse revolutie#Gazette de leyde#Jacques Necker#Jean-Pierre Houël#Lettre de cachet#Lodewijk XV#Lodewijk XVI#Madame de Pompadour#Madame de Staël#Madame du Barry#Marie Antoinette#Nesle#Parlement de Paris#Robert Darnton#Robert Paxton#Versailles#Voltaire
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Jacques Augustin Pajou - Marie Antoinette séparée de sa famille au temple - 1818
Marie Antoinette (Marie Antoinette Josèphe Jeanne; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was the last queen of France prior to the French Revolution. She was born an archduchess of Austria, and was the penultimate child and youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. She became dauphine of France in May 1770 at age 14 upon her marriage to Louis-Auguste, heir apparent to the French throne. On 10 May 1774, her husband ascended the throne as Louis XVI and she became queen.
As queen, Marie Antoinette became increasingly unpopular among the people; the French libelles accused her of being profligate, promiscuous, having illegitimate children, and harboring sympathies for France's perceived enemies, including her native Austria. She was falsely accused in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace, but the accusations damaged her reputation further. During the French Revolution, she became known as Madame Déficit because the country's financial crisis was blamed on her lavish spending and her opposition to social and financial reforms proposed by Anne Robert Jacques Turgot and Jacques Necker.
Several events were linked to Marie Antoinette during the Revolution after the government placed the royal family under house arrest in the Tuileries Palace in October 1789. The June 1791 attempted flight to Varennes and her role in the War of the First Coalition were immensely damaging to her image among French citizens. On 10 August 1792, the attack on the Tuileries forced the royal family to take refuge at the Assembly, and they were imprisoned in the Temple Prison on 13 August. On 21 September 1792, the monarchy was abolished. Louis XVI was executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793. Marie Antoinette's trial began on 14 October 1793; she was convicted two days later by the Revolutionary Tribunal of high treason and executed, also by guillotine, at the Place de la Révolution.
Jacques-Augustin-Catherine Pajou (27 August 1766, Paris - 28 November 1828, Paris) was a French painter in the Classical style.
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La Fayette's taste in Books
I am always on the hunt for some primary historical documents that give a deeper insight into La Fayette’s private life and I found this invoice for a couple of books that he bought between mid-1829 and early 1830.
Daniels, Mary F. “The Lafayette Collection at Cornell.” The Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress, vol. 29, no. 2, 1972, pp. 95–137. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/29781504. Accessed 14 Feb. 2023.
A few titles are especially noteworthy. First, there is one book called “Mem[oirs] of Clinton” That are very likely the Memoirs of DeWitt Clinton, the former Governor of New York who had died in 1828 and whose Memoirs were published in 1829.
Than we have one book by Madame de Staël, a dear and long-time friend of La Fayette. Funny enough, de Staël was the daughter of Jacques Necker, former French minister of finances, and while La Fayette and de Staël had a very close relationship ... La Fayette and Necker’s relationship was less harmoniously.
We also see a book by Destutt de Tracy. He was not only a friend and colleague of La Fayette, no, the two were also in-laws. La Fayette’s son Georges had previously married de Tracy’s daughter.
The most interesting book on that list is probably “Lafayette en amérique.” The book was written by Auguste Levasseur, La Fayette’s secretary during his last visit to America in 1824/25, and published in 1829.
This list shows us La Fayette’s taste in books. The titles cover a wide range of subjects, some even with a personal connection. The books are written in both English and French (this list contains no Latin titles, but La Fayette read them as well.)
#marquis de lafayette#la fayette#dewitt clinton#madame de staël#destutt de tracy#auguste levasseur#georges de la fayette#books#1829#1828#handwriting#historical documents#tour of 1824 1825#1824#1825
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Random translation related trivia/anecdote cause why not.
In 1816, french baroness and intellectual Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, more commonly known as Madame de Staël, published an article in la biblioteca italiana (a famous newspaper basically) which can loosely be summed up as "well yes, classics are in fact not bad, but the silly obsessions you italians have with them borders the odd, because you are "stuck" in old habits and knowledge. You guys should ramp up your translation industry so you can also get to read the poetry and the theatre and fellow "literary pillars" of other countries, not to be assimilated by foreign cultures, but to learn new things thanks to them.
And I do think this is pretty cool.
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"Correspondencia de cartas de Karl Viktor von Bonstetten y su círculo" mención a Végobre
Ginebra, diciembre de 1801.
¡Lotte, buen Lotte, vuélveme a dar vida! Tu carta fue la primera que me dio un rayo de esperanza, gracias y nunca olvidaré esta carta. Cada día sin correo era una carga para mí, y cada día de correo un terror.Todas las cartas eran terribles, especialmente la de Eggers, que se suponía que me consolaría y donde todo estaba bien. Pero quiero hablarte de Ginebra. Vivo mucho en el mundo. alrededor, más que nunca en mi vida. A veces, una velada con los Hubert, que incluso se han mudado. A menudo ceno con Necker, que tiene más compañía y cortejo que nunca. También voy al consejo de vez en cuando, son una compañía amable; A menudo le hablo de ti de acuerdo con mi corazón, como lo hace Fillon": finalmente la vi con su hermana; cuando entré en la habitación, yacía desmayada: tenía una voz moribunda, pero se despertó por completo en un cuarto a una hora, hermosa, blanca y roja, y tan graciosa que se rió como una niña de quince años. Los quiere mucho a todos: lloró y se rió a la vez, y sin duda hubiera ido a Copenhague si estuvieran unos cientos de horas más cerca . Ella tiene una hermosa finca. Quería escribirle a Brun de inmediato que él estaba comprando una propiedad junto a la de ella. Nunca la había visto tan hermosa, Jürine la curó en el acto porque solo él conocía su enfermedad, que era muy extraño, y a través de una banda artificial alrededor del estómago se curó en el acto. Acabo de recibir una carta de la condesa d'Albani, tan terrible por su pérdida que estoy lejos de volver a leerla. Nunca he visto tanta desesperación. Describe la muerte de su amigo, el conde Alfieri, la muerte de un amigo así. verlo morir!! - La amiga de Abauxit, Madame Massane, ha cumplido ciento tres años y las tarjetas que le escribía todos los días son sobre todo a De Végobre"; los veré. En aquella ocasión se hablaba de un maestro de danza que vivió cien años y, cuando se elogiaba su edad, decía: es lo menos que podemos hacer que su pobre siglo, a menudo veo a Pictet; está en todas partes y siempre alegre - Se dice que la máquina de tejer ya está disponible; el gobierno francés ha pedido tantos cientos. Hay un rumor aquí entre las muchas tropas que marchan a Dinamarca, y se habla de la posibilidad de bloquear el sonido en todas las sociedades." - ¿Quieres noticias del cielo? La tierra no es tan plana en los polos como se creía, sólo un "probando así que la tierra nunca ha sido líquida.
Herschel hizo muchos descubrimientos nuevos: estrellas en línea recta, subiendo y bajando: cuerpos celestes que giran de dos en dos entre sí, sin ningún cuerpo en el medio. La casa de Necker es la mejor aquí. Ah, a menudo siento un anhelo ardiente por todos ustedes: Brun no sabe cuánto lo amo; quiero verlos a todos de nuevo, ¿ven? las niñas florecientes otra vez, Sophie, cada abeto honesto, y todos los perros y el tonto filosófico Tengo una estufa de hierro aquí, que enciendo por la noche y me duermo con el sonido y el rugido de mi estufa en Copenhague Karl y Eduard son realmente leal a ti todos los días postales irrumpen en mi habitacion para saber como estas, Eduard es realmente maravilloso conmigo : cuando estamos solos viene y me besa tiernamente había acogido a una perra con peques. Es muy querido aquí: Karl vive en el gran mundo, pero en casa mucho en el trabajo. Me visitan los que estudiaron en Gotinga. Un conde von Stakelberg vino recientemente, pero nunca había visto a tu Karl.
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I did survive that day.
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Jeudi 20 avril 2023, 13h
Nom prénoms date naissance lieu de naissance
Madame vous avez vu ce qui s'est passé mon fils
On était avec vous on était bien
"Comment ça vous savez pas ?"
"Il faut prier maintenant, vous voyez ils prient tous avec nous."
"Nous recevons beaucoup d'appels d'urgence..."
"Et après j'ai vu sa tête et dans ses yeux comme si quelque chose s'était brisé."
"A la tête.. ça s'est pas amélioré. Ils vont l'emmener à Necker."
On pense à vous
Il vont faire de leur mieux il est entre de bonnes mains.
"Ils prennent soin les uns des autres, comme les arbres."
"Appelez appelez"
Les baskets sous la couverture
"Bouge pas"
Son visage ensanglanté quand je suis prêt de la maman, il a les yeux fermés
Sa maman qui hurle et court vers lui, les bras levés
La dame qui sort de la voiture, prends sa tête dans ses mains, va derrière la voiture
L'impact sur la voiture
Les flics qui prennent des photos de la route
"Est-ce que le feu était vert ?"
Les dames d'en bas
"T'as été courageuse."
Je ne sais pas ce que je suis sensée faire, penser, ressentir. On me demande ce que je veux de quoi j'ai besoin mais je n'en sais rien.
Je pense que ça n'est pas a moi que cest arrivé. Ça n'est pas moi qui va mal.
"Il était en vie quand il est parti."
Mes mains sous l'eau.
La témoin
"Ton rôle de professionnelle il s'est arrêté en dehors du CMP. Pense à toi, et prends soin de toi, avant de penser à la maman."
Et là il n'y a plus d'histoire, on se prend un trop plein de réel.
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19-690 Mme de Staël, vous avez tout ! https://soundcloud.com/jlgaillard/mme-de-stael-vous-avez-tout Madame de Staël est considérée comme une des importatrices du mouvement romantique en France, avec son défenseur et ami François René de Chateaubriand. Fille de Necker, la jeune femme reçut une excellente éducation et grandit au contact des grands noms de la vie intellectuelle française, ce qui fit d'elle une femme curieuse, libre et ambitieuse, animée par l'esprit des Lumières. Femme de lettres et écrivain, vivement opposé à Napoléon Ier, germain de Staël passèrent une grande partie de sa vie en exil, en Suisse notamment, où elle fonda le Groupe Decoppet. Une jeune fille de famille chrétienne, habitant à la campagne, eut l’occasion de lire les livres « Delphine » et « Corinne » écrits par Mme de Staël. À la suite de sa lecture, sa vie tranquille lui sembla insipide et vide. Elle trouva l’adresse de la romancière et lui écrivit pour lui proposer de devenir sa secrétaire. Son désir était de pouvoir suivre l’écrivain et de voyager avec elle. Un rendez-vous fut pris. Au cours de la rencontre, la jeune fille se jeta aux pieds de Mme de Staël en la suppliant de la prendre avec elle. Avec gentillesse et calme, la femme de lettres lui répondit : « Vous pensez que ma vie est enviable parce que je voyage dans l’Europe entière et que je visite les plus beaux salons, mais rien de tout cela ne peut remplacer un vrai foyer, une vraie famille. Vous avez une vraie famille, moi je voyage parce que je n’en ai pas. Vous avez un bon père, moi je n’en ai plus. Vous avez le calme, la tranquillité, je n’en ai pas du tout. N’enviez pas mon sort, retournez chez vous, appréciez tout votre bonheur à sa juste valeur, il est inestimable. » La jeune fille repartit chez elle, et les illusions qu’elle s’était faites à la lecture de ces livres disparurent. Dieu s’était servi de l’écrivain pour lui ouvrir les yeux. Aujourd’hui même, louons Dieu pour les nombreuses bénédictions inestimables qu’il nous a accordées et qu’il nous prodigue encore : pardon, paix, provision, famille, frères et sœurs. Ne cherchons pas auprès du monde notre bonheur, la Parole de Dieu nous dit dans Colossiens, 2 :10. « https://www.instagram.com/p/CiZ6uC-MrLp/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein (née Necker; 22 April 1766 – 14 July 1817), commonly known as Madame de Staël, was a French woman of letters and political theorist, the daughter of banker and French finance minister Jacques Necker and Suzanne Curchod, a leading salonnière. She was a voice of moderation in the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era up to the French Restoration. She was present at the Estates General of 1789 and at the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Her intellectual collaboration with Benjamin Constant between 1794 and 1810 made them one of the most celebrated intellectual couples of their time. She discovered sooner than others the tyrannical character and designs of Napoleon. For many years she lived as an exile – firstly during the Reign of Terror and later due to personal persecution by Napoleon.
In exile, she became the centre of the Coppet group with her unrivalled network of contacts across Europe. In 1814 one of her contemporaries observed that "there are three great powers struggling against Napoleon for the soul of Europe: England, Russia, and Madame de Staël". Known as a witty and brilliant conversationalist, and often dressed in daring outfits, she stimulated the political and intellectual life of her times. Her works, whether novels, travel literature or polemics, which emphasised individuality and passion, made a lasting mark on European thought. De Staël spread the notion of Romanticism widely by its repeated use.
#Germaine de Staël#women in history#women in politics#XVIII century#XIX century#people#portrait#paintings#art#arte
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Help for information about of Germaine Stael
Good evening, everyone. Today, once again, I'm asking for your help regarding a historical figure about whom I don't have much knowledge: Germaine de Stael.
She's often described as one of the principal and most important opponent of Napoleon ( a lot in the media), but I get the impression that she was primarily a « salon opponent », if you'll pardon the expression (especially when compared to figures like Prieur de la Marne, Sanité Belair, Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Lefranc, and what they endured or suffered under repression). Perhaps my biases stem from her father, who adopted a false friend of the people stance that Marat rightfully denounced.
The problem is that my only source is Jean Tulard, who is a historian known to be partial to Napoleon (he claims that Madame de Staël offered her services to the Emperor in exchange for two million francs). It’s not a problem to be partisan, I always think that objectivity in history can’t exist, you can only try to be objective, but I wish more views of other historians. Frankly, I don't know much (if anything—I was more focused on the banker and former finance minister Necker than her ), so I invite anyone knowledgeable on the subject to help me on Madame de Staël and to point me towards good sources about her
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“Essere buoni con tutti, scusare gli errori, perdonare i torti, essere gioiosi e compiacenti, è la pietra filosofale della felicità.”
— Madame Necker
#buoni#essere buoni#bontà#tutti#scusare#errori#perdonare#torti#la gioia#gioie#pietra#felicità#frasi felicità#frasi#frasi e citazioni#frasi tumblr#madame necker#frasi vere
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… tell me that you love me, and prove it to me by improving your heart and your mind every day
Madame Necker, in a letter to Germaine de Staël (1766 - 1817)
Paris,15 May 1779
in: “Madame de Staël. Selected correspondence”, translated by Kathleen Jameson-Cemper
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has the marquis and thaddeus kosciusko ever met?
Hello Anon,
yes, La Fayette and Tadeusz Kościuszko did meet. Tadeusz was actually a frequent and well liked guest at La Fayette’s house while the former was in France. They seem to have been getting along very well, having made similar experiences and being a similar type of person. Despite their apparent closeness, there is not much published about their relationship.
The two of them also meet during the American War for Independence. They were probably among the most famous officers, especially among the most famous foreign officers. Tracking their respective actions during the war and going through La Fayette’s correspondences shows that they did not had that much contact during the Revolution.
La Fayette had furthermore an engraving of Kościuszko opposite his bed in his chamber:
Opposite to the bed may be seen a fine portrait of Marshal de Noailles. Among the engraved or sketched portraits are those of Fox, General Fitzpatrick, Thomas Clarkson, Henry Clay, the Duke de Noailles, Kosciusko, Jackson, Jefferson, Clinton, Crawford, Calhoun, Van Ryssel, the Count de Mun, Necker, Madame de Staël, Madame d Hénin, Madame de Tessé, General Knox, General Foy, Léon Dubreuil the physician and the master and friend of Cabanis, &c. I must also notice a small silhouette of Judge Peters of Philadelphi, and a handsome portrait of Lally Tolendal tearing off the crape which covers the bust of his father, whose memory he had just vindicated.
Jules Germain Cloquet, Recollections of the Private Life of General Lafayette, Baldwin and Cradock, London, 1835, p. 177. (Emphasis added.)
I hope you have/had a gorgeous day!
#ask my anything#anon#marquis de lafayette#la fayette#french history#american history#american revolution#polish history#tadeusz kościuszko#france#jules germain cloquet#yes lafayette had an aweful lot of engarvings in his chamber
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Suzanne Curchod, Madame Necker (May 1737 - 6 May 1794)
#suzanne curchod#madame necker#daughter of louis antoine curchod#wife of jacques necker#history#women in history#18th century#art
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