Males and females are two types of individuals which are differentiated within a species for the function of reproduction; they can be defined only correlatively. But first it must be noted that even the division of a species into two sexes is not always clear-cut.

In nature it is not universally manifested. To speak only of animals, it is well known that among the microscopic one-celled forms – infusoria, amoebae, sporozoans, and the like – multiplication is fundamentally distinct from sexuality. Each cell divides and subdivides by itself. In many-celled animals or metazoans reproduction may take place asexually, either by schizogenesis – that is, by fission or cutting into two or more parts which become new individuals – or by blastogenesis – that is, by buds that separate and form new individuals. The phenomena of budding observed in the fresh-water hydra and other coelenterates, in sponges, worms, and tunicates, are well-known examples. In cases of parthenogenesis the egg of the virgin female develops into an embryo without fertilisation by the male, which thus may play no role at all. In the honey-bee copulation takes place, but the eggs may or may not be fertilised at the time of laying. The unfertilised eggs undergo development and produce the drones (males); in the aphids males are absent during a series of generations in which the eggs are unfertilised and produce females. Parthenogenesis has been induced artificially in the sea urchin, the starfish, the frog, and other species. Among the one-celled animals (Protozoa), however, two cells may fuse, forming what is called a zygote; and in the honey-bee fertilisation is necessary if the eggs are to produce females. In the aphids both males and females appear in the autumn, and the fertilised eggs then produced are adapted for over-wintering.

Must-Have Travel Accessories for Every Adventurer!

Embarking on an adventure is thrilling, but ensuring you have the right gear can make or break your experience. Whether you're trekking through dense forests, exploring bustling cities, or traversing remote landscapes, having the right travel accessories can enhance your journey in countless ways. From practical necessities to innovative gadgets, here's a comprehensive guide to the must-have travel accessories for every adventurer.

Quality Backpack:

A durable, well-designed backpack is the backbone of any adventurer's gear arsenal. Look for one with ample storage space, comfortable straps, and water-resistant material. Brands like Osprey, REI, and The North Face offer a range of options suitable for various travel styles and preferences.

Portable Water Filter:

Access to clean drinking water isn't always guaranteed while traveling. A portable water filter or purifier ensures you can safely hydrate wherever you go. Compact options like the LifeStraw or Sawyer Mini are lightweight and effective, removing bacteria and protozoa from natural water sources.

Multi-tool or Swiss Army Knife:

Versatility: Multi-tool or Swiss Army knife offers a range of functionalities, from cutting to opening bottles, making it indispensable for travelers.

Compactness: Its compact size allows it to fit easily into any travel bag or pocket, ensuring accessibility whenever needed.

Emergency Preparedness: Equipped with tools like blades, screwdrivers, and scissors, it provides essential aid during unexpected situations or emergencies.

Cost Efficiency: Investing in a multi-tool eliminates the need to carry multiple individual tools, saving both space and money.

Practicality: Whether camping, hiking, or exploring urban environments, having a multi-tool handy enhances convenience and efficiency.

Durability: Built to withstand rugged conditions, these accessories are designed to endure the rigors of travel and outdoor adventures.

Resourcefulness: Its various functions enable travelers to tackle a wide range of tasks, from minor repairs to meal preparation.

Accessibility: With its all-in-one design, a multi-tool ensures that essential tools are readily available without the hassle of searching through luggage.

Security: Carrying a multi-tool provides a sense of security, knowing that you have the necessary tools for unforeseen circumstances.

Peace of Mind: Whether for practical use or peace of mind, incorporating a multi-tool into your travel essentials ensures preparedness for any situation.

Quick-Dry Travel Towel:

Traditional towels are bulky and slow to dry, making them impractical for adventurers on the move. Opt for a quick-dry travel towel made from microfiber or similar materials. Not only are they lightweight and compact, but they also dry rapidly, allowing you to stay fresh and dry during your travels.

Headlamp or flashlight:

When exploring off the beaten path or camping under the stars, reliable illumination is essential. A headlamp or flashlight provides hands-free lighting in dimly lit environments, ensuring you can navigate safely in the dark. Look for models with adjustable brightness settings and long battery life for extended use.

Compact First Aid Kit:

Accidents happen, especially when venturing into remote areas. A compact first aid kit containing essentials like bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, and blister treatment can help you manage minor injuries and ailments on the go. Customize your kit based on your destination and activities.

Universal Travel Adapter:

Briefly discuss the significance of travel adapters in today's globalized world.

Highlight the convenience of a universal travel adapter for powering devices worldwide.

Discuss the versatility of a must-have travel accessory, accommodating various plug types.

Emphasize the importance of safety features in universal adapters, protecting devices from voltage fluctuations.

Note the compact design of these adapters, which saves valuable luggage space for travelers.

Mention how investing in a universal adapter eliminates the need for multiple adapters, saving money in the long run.

Stress the compatibility of these accessories with a wide range of electronic devices, including smartphones, laptops, and cameras.

Position the universal adapter as a crucial addition to any traveler's essential kit, alongside passports and currency.

Highlight how these adapters facilitate seamless connectivity, enabling travelers to stay connected regardless of their destination.

Summarize the indispensable role of universal travel adapters in ensuring a hassle-free and enjoyable travel experience worldwide.

Dry Bag or Waterproof Phone Case:

Protecting your valuables from water damage is crucial, especially if you'll be near water bodies or encounter unpredictable weather. A dry bag or waterproof phone case keeps your electronics, documents, and other essentials safe and dry, even in the wettest conditions.

Compression Packing Cubes:

Organization is key when living out of a backpack or suitcase. Compression packing cubes help maximize space and keep your belongings neatly organized throughout your journey. Sort clothes, accessories, and gear into separate cubes for easy access and efficient packing and unpacking.

Travel-sized power bank:

In today's digital age, staying connected is more important than ever. A travel-sized power bank ensures your devices stay charged on long journeys or when outlets are scarce. Look for lightweight, high-capacity models that can recharge your phone, camera, or other gadgets multiple times.

Collapsible Water Bottle:

Staying hydrated on the go is essential for maintaining energy and well-being. A collapsible water bottle takes up minimal space when empty but expands to hold a generous amount of water when needed. Choose a durable, BPA-free option that's easy to clean and won't impart any unwanted flavors.

Portable Bluetooth Speaker:

Music can enhance any adventure, whether you're relaxing on a beach or enjoying a campfire under the stars. A portable Bluetooth speaker allows you to share your favorite tunes with friends and fellow travelers wherever you go. Look for rugged, water-resistant models with long battery life for extended listening sessions.

Conclusion:

Embarking on an adventure requires careful planning and preparation, and having the right travel accessories can significantly enhance your experience. From practical essentials like backpacks and water filters to innovative gadgets like portable speakers and power banks, each item on this list serves a specific purpose in ensuring your comfort, safety, and enjoyment while exploring the world. Invest in quality gear that suits your travel style and destination, and you'll be ready to tackle any adventure that comes your way with confidence and ease.

Healthy eating: what are the benefits of berries?

They are an excellent accompaniment to our morning bistro. Nowadays we can find them in a variety of products and formats. Make the most of your country's wild fruits for your health.

red fruits

Berries can be included in every meal, it's just a matter of imagination and desire.

In Canada, the United States, Russia and some European countries, the consumption of berries is part of daily eating habits and it is estimated that the worldwide market will grow by 2% by 2025. Berries are generally consumed as fresh fruit, but many products are also widely available, with drinks and sweets having grown considerably in recent years.

Which fruit contains the highest amount of vitamin C in the world?

Therefore, the dissemination of studies already carried out on these strategically important fruits can stimulate new lines of research to consolidate this field and define what is still required in the literature in relation to bioactivities, quantity and the general pattern of recommended consumption of wild fruits in a standard diet.

It is worth noting that the geographical origin of a particular species of wild fruit affects the profile and quantity of bioactive compounds synthesized.  Environmental factors include soil type, water stress, climatic conditions, exposure to sun-based light, applied manure, fertilization practices and harvest time.

Their antioxidant and inflammatory effects will surprise you.

Wild fruits can be an important component of a healthy diet due to their high content of phenolic acids and flavonoids, compounds that exert antioxidant activity. For example, the references of the study show that supplementation with 30 g of freeze-dried black raspberries for four weeks in male smokers reduced oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke.

Phenolic acids are responsible for giving food its flavor, while flavonoids give it its normal color. In addition, berries such as blueberries and chokeberries effectively reduce blood pressure.

Consuming cranberry and apple juice for 21 days resulted in a 30% decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and an increase of up to 20% in high-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. In another reference, they observed that eating blueberries (150 g/day) for 6 months in overweight and obese adults increased HDL cholesterol, suggesting that there could be a reduction of between 12% and 15% in the risk of cardiovascular disease with daily consumption of this fruit.

Blueberries

Yes, it's possible! Teach the little ones in the house how to eat berries in a more educational way.

In addition, customary consumption of blueberries has potent activity against liver inflammation induced by a high-fat diet and against non-alcoholic fatty liver. It has been observed that this fruit can reduce the inflamed area by 33% and reduce the size of lipid droplets by 29%.

Evidence supports the ability of berries and their derived products to confer properties that exert favorable inflammatory tract benefits. However, several questions remain about specific dietary recommendations, including the ideal portion, mode of administration, timing and frequency of intake in different populations.

The contributions of berries to good digestion

The gastrointestinal microbiota comprises bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and archaeobacteria present in the digestive tract. A diet rich in carbohydrates, fats and proteins of creature origin, combined with a low fiber intake, can reduce the presence of beneficial microbiota.

On the other hand, a diet composed of bioactives can promote better health by particularizing the beneficial microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, inhibiting the proliferation of negative bacteria.

Some of the beneficial effects of eating berries are related to the more pronounced growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut, such as probiotics. Studies have shown an effect against obesity, where the consumption of blueberries, black raspberries and cranberries increased the count of Bifidobacterium, a subspecies of Lactobacillus, which was effective against this type of disease.

According to Harvard, what are the six best fruits for eye health?

Finally, the study suggests that more data is needed to understand the mechanisms of action through clinical trials using different characteristics such as gender, age and pre-existing diseases. In this way, new information about the bioactivity of berries can be revealed. These results and evidence will be the basis for a possible increase in consumption, which could encourage companies to produce and primary process berries

Best Backpacking Water Filters ([month] [year])

Best Overall Sawyer Micro Squeeze Our Rating★★★★★ Weight: 1.85 ounces Type: Squeeze pouch filter/straw filter/bottle filter attachment Technology: Hollow fiber membrane Flow Rate: 1.4-1.9 liters/minute Filter Life: 100,000 gallons Warranty: Lifetime Premium Choice MSR Guardian Our Rating★★★★★ Weight: 20.5 ounces Type: Pump purifier Technology: Hollow fiber membrane Flow Rate: 2.5 liters/minute Filter Life: 2,642+ gallons Warranty: 3-years Great for Groups Platypus GravityWorks Our Rating★★★★★ Weight: 11.5 ounces Type: Hanging gravity filter Technology: Hollow fiber membrane Flow Rate: 1.75 liters/minute Filter Life: 330 gallons Warranty: Lifetime Looking for a reliable water filter for your next backpacking trip? We've researched and compared the best backpacking water filters available today, and shared our top recommendations for different scenarios in this guide. Why trust us? We have an extensive background in the water filtration industry so we have a keen understanding of all the features and technologies a backpacking water filter should have. 🥇 Best Backpacking Water Filters - Best Overall: Sawyer Micro Squeeze - Premium Choice: MSR Guardian - Great for Groups: Platypus GravityWorks - Best Collapsible Bottle: LifeStraw Peak Squeeze - Best Bottle: Grayl GeoPress - Best Chemical Treatment: Aquamira Drops - Best UV Purifier: CrazyCap Pro 📊 Comparison Chart of Best Backpacking Water Filter ⭐ Reviews – Best Backpacking Water Filter Best Overall Our Rating★★★★★ Sawyer Micro Squeeze Our top pick for the best backpacking and hiking water filter is the Sawyer Micro Squeeze. This squeeze pouch filter is ideal for backpackers because it's super lightweight, and the bag itself can be folded up small when it's not in use, so it takes up virtually no room and won't weigh your pack down. Weight: 1.85 ounces Type: Squeeze pouch filter/straw filter/bottle filter attachment Technology: Hollow fiber membrane Flow Rate: 1.4-1.9 liters/minute Filter Life: 100,000 gallons Warranty: Lifetime The Micro Squeeze is a smaller version of the Sawyer Squeeze, and it's just as adaptable. You can attach the filter to the included drinking pouch, drink directly from a natural water source using the included straw, or connect it to the tubing of your own hydration pack or your water bottle (with a 28mm thread). Key Features: - Ultra-compact filtration - The Sawyer Micro Squeeze weighs just 1.85 ounces when it's empty and is tiny enough to fit in the palm of your hand. You can fold the bag in storage, and use the adaptable filter as you prefer, including in conjunction with the equipment you usually take with you (like a hydration pack). - Hollow fiber filter technology - This Sawyer filter uses hollow fiber filtration with a 0.1-micron pore size that removes protozoa and bacteria, including cryptosporidium and giardia. - 100,000-gallon lifespan - You can enjoy this filter for around 3-4 years, or 100,000 gallons. Simply backflush the filter to remove the sediment after every use. Best For: Folks looking for the best value, most versatile, compact, and lightweight filter to fit easily in their backpacks and provide multiple clean drinking water options on their backpacking trips. Pros: - The 0.1-micron filter means you can filter even the nastiest water source and enjoy guaranteed clean, fresh water on the other end. - Filtering water with this device is quick and easy. If you use the squeeze pouch, you can get instant results by squeezing the pouch to send water through the filter while you drink from the mouthpiece. The same concept applies to using the filter with a bottle or hydration bladder. You also get instant access to water when using the straw filter. - You won't find a better-value backpacking filter on the market today. The Micro Squeeze is lower-cost than the standard Sawyer Squeeze, but offers the same fast performance, weighs less, and takes up less room. Cons: - This filter can't be used to remove viruses, so keep this in mind if you plan to travel internationally. - You'll need to carry the included syringe with you and flush the filter after every use, which isn't hard, but requires a bit of extra effort when backpacking. Premium Choice Our Rating★★★★★ MSR Guardian In our opinion, the best premium backpacking water filter is the MSR Guardian purifier. This pump filter was originally designed for military squads, so everything about its design prioritizes efficiency, speed, and reliability. Weight: 20.5 ounces Type: Pump purifier Technology: Hollow fiber membrane Flow Rate: 2.5 liters/minute Filter Life: 2,642+ gallons Warranty: 3-years The MSR Guardian purifier meets NSF protocol for the removal of all types of microorganisms - including viruses, which are notoriously difficult to remove with a filtration method alone - and boasts a super easy operation and minimal maintenance. Key Features: - Fast, reliable pump filtration - The MSR Guardian purifier is one of the fastest and most efficient pump filters available today, with a high water output and the ability to filter turbid, hot, or freezing water with equal effectiveness. - Filters bacteria, viruses, and protozoa - This pump water filter uses a hollow fiber membrane with a 0.02-micron pore size andmeets NSF protocol P248 for the removal of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and sediment in even "worst case" water quality situations. - 2,600 gallon+ lifespan - The filter itself has a 10,000-liter or 2,600-gallon + lifespan, which is the best we've seen of any of the pump filters we've reviewed. Best For: Anyone who prefers to spend extra on a premium backpacking filter that uses military-grade technology to reliably filter water in any part of the world. Pros: - The huge benefit of this filter is that it removes viruses, so you can use it when backpacking in parts of the world where viruses are a problem in the natural water sources. - As a pump filter, the MSR Guardian purifier offers a faster flow rate than most other backpacking filters. You get 2.5 liters per minute of water from this device - that's substantially quicker than any squeeze or gravity filter. - We love how easy it is to use and maintain this filter. It has a self-cleaning feature that activates every time you pump water, and it comes pre-assembled in the box, with no loose parts that might get lost in your backpack. Cons: - You might not want to pay so much money for a backpacking water filter, even one that's widely known for being the most powerful and easy-to-use pump filter available. - At 20.5 ounces and about 4 times the size of the Sawyer Micro Squeeze filter, the MSR Guardian purifier might not be best for you if you're specifically looking for the smallest, most lightweight filter for your backpack. Great for Groups Our Rating★★★★★ Platypus GravityWorks It makes sense for groups of backpackers to reduce their overall luggage weight and share a portable filtration solution between them - and we've found that the Platypus GravityWorks is the best hiking water filter for this occasion. Weight: 11.5 ounces Type: Hanging gravity filter Technology: Hollow fiber membrane Flow Rate: 1.75 liters/minute Filter Life: 330 gallons Warranty: Lifetime The hanging gravity filtration takes longer than squeeze or pump filter methods, but shouldn't be a problem if you're smart about when you fill and filter the pack. It's easy to use and can filter 4 liters of water in less than 5 minutes - and reliably removes both protozoa and bacteria. Key Features: - Hanging gravity filtration in 2 sizes - The Platypus GravityWorks has a simple but effective design: water is added to the "dirty" water bag and filters gradually into the "clean" water bag. You can buy this system in two sizes: an 8-liter option (2 x 4 liter bags) for smaller groups, or a larger 12 liter option (2 x 6 liter bags) for big groups. - Filters bacteria and protozoa - This hanging gravity filter removes both bacteria and protozoa, including giardia and cryptosporidium, so it's a good choice to use when backpacking throughout North America. - 1,500-liter lifespan - The filter lifespan is around 1,500 liters, or 330 gallons, and you can flush the filter by sending water through the filter in the opposite direction if the flow rate gets slow. Best For: Groups of people who want a convenient backpacking water filtration solution that filters large quantities of water at a time. Pros: - The Platypus GravityWorks is one of the most reliable and versatile gravity filters we've reviewed. The 4 or 6-liter bags give you access to large quantities of filtered water, so there's enough to go around without the need for filtering multiple batches. - Setup is easy: just connect the "clean" and "dirty" water bags with the included tube and filter, add water to the "dirty" water bag, and wait for water to filter into the "clean" water bag. - Using this gravity filter as a group of backpackers is super convenient. You can filter water while you're enjoying a meal or settling down for the night, then fill your empty water bottles, so you don't have to bulk up your backpack with full water bottles before you set off. Plus, the device doubles as a handwash or shower station. - Most gravity filters need to be hung vertically, but you can place the Platypus GravityWorks filter on a rock or a slope and it'll still filter your water at a good speed. Cons: - The 330-gallon lifespan isn't as long as the other filter lifespans on this list. - This filter isn't the best solution if you plan to be constantly on the move and want instant access to filtered water. Best Collapsible Bottle Our Rating★★★★★ LifeStraw Peak Squeeze If you like the familiarity of using a water bottle on your backpacking ventures, but you don't want the hassle and extra weight of carrying pre-filled water bottles, the LifeStraw Peak Squeeze is the best hiking water filter for you. Weight: 3.8 ounces Type: Collapsible bottle filter Technology: Hollow fiber membrane Flow Rate: 3 liters/minute Filter Life: 500 gallons Warranty: 3 years We think this device is the best collapsible water bottle filter available because it's so quick and easy to use, with a sleekly-designed soft bottle that folds up small when empty, reducing its footprint in your pack. It's versatile, too - either drink from the bottle or detach the filter to drink directly from a water source. Key Features: - Squeeze bottle filtration - The LifeStraw Peak Squeeze is a collapsible bottle filter with a sleek, smart design and a simple use case: just fill the bottle, attach the filter, and squeeze the bottle to send the water through the filter into your mouth. - Hollow-core membrane microfiltration - This lightweight backpacking filter uses a 0.2-micron hollow fiber filter that meets the EPA and NSF P231 drinking water standards for the removal of parasites and bacteria, as well as microplastics, sand, silt, and turbidity, producing water that's clean, clear, and safe to drink. - 2,000-liter lifespan - The filter lasts 2,000 liters, or 500 gallons. For safety purposes, water will stop flowing through the filter when it's reached the end of its lifespan, so you'll know for certain when it should be replaced. Best For: Folks looking for a better and more convenient alternative to a separate water bottle and attachable filter, which takes up less space and offers an all-in-one bottle filtration solution. Pros: - We love the simplicity and convenience of this backpacking water filter. You don't have to familiarize yourself with a foreign concept - we've all used a water bottle before and the only unique feature of this one is the attached filter. - The 3 liter/minute flow rate is fast enough to give you instant access to filtered water when you drink from the spout. You don't have to drink all the water in one go, either - just remove the filter and use the bottle for storage until you next feel thirsty. - This bottle filter won't take up endless space or weigh your pack down. It weighs just under 4 ounces thanks to its lightweight BPA-free plastic design, and it easily fits into the side pocket of a standard-sized backpack. Cons: - Maintenance is a bit of a nuisance for this filter. You'll have to backwash it after every use to maintain a substantial flow rate. - Drying out the bottle after use is difficult, which makes us worry about mold and bad smells. Best Bottle Our Rating★★★★★ Grayl GeoPress Based on our research, the best bottle filter for backpackers is the Grayl GeoPress. This durable water bottle has a press filtration function that's super easy to use and removes microorganisms (including viruses!), heavy metals, and microplastics, producing clean, great-tasting drinking water. Weight: 19.4 ounces Type: Water bottle filter Technology: Electroadsorptive activated carbon, ion exchange Flow Rate: 2 liters/minute Filter Life: 55 gallons Warranty: 10 years This device takes up more space than the Lifestraw collapsible water bottle, but it's even more convenient for folks who want something that looks and functions just like a normal reusable water bottle, but has the added perk of purification. Key Features: - All-in-one bottle filtration - The Grayl GeoPress provides convenient filtration in a bottle with built-in purification. It's the bigger version of the Grayl UltraPress, with a larger capacity of 24 ounces (or 709 ml) for storing more filtered water at once and a longer lifespan. - Ion exchange and electroadsorptive carbon filtration - This bottle filtration strays away from the norm and uses ion exchange and electroadsorptive carbon media rather than the standard hollow-fiber membrane, which removes microorganisms and heavy metals. - Lasts for 350 presses - The filter has an average lifespan of 55 gallons or 250 liters, which equates to about 350 presses, meaning you can use it to filter up to 350 batches of water before a replacement filter is needed. Best For: Anyone who has enough space in their pack for a bigger bottle and prefers the convenience, water storage capacity, and easy use of the best press bottle filter. Pros: - We love the unique design of the Grayl GeoPress, which makes it one of the easiest filters to use. No need to squeeze, pump, or wait for gravity to take effect - simply fill the bottle with water and push the base of the bottle to send the water through the filter, ready for drinking. - A standout feature of this water bottle filter is that it doesn't just remove particulates, microplastics, protozoa, and bacteria like most backpacking filters. Its unique filtration media enables it to also remove heavy metals like arsenic, lead, and cadmium, which you're likely to find in any US surface water source, as well as viruses, which are common in water sources abroad. - The GeoPress is super quick to work, filtering a full batch of water in less than 20 seconds, so you can get instant access to purified water whenever you want. Cons: - Size and weight is the only real setback here. If you want to pack as light as possible or you have a smaller pack, this bottle might be too big for your needs. - The 40-gallon filter lifespan is shorter than the other recorded filter lifespans on this list. Best Chemical Treatment Our Rating★★★★★ Aquamira Drops In our opinion, the best chemical treatment for making water potable on your backpacking trips is the Aquamira Drops. Weight: 3.15 ounces Type: Chemical treatment drops Technology: Chlorine dioxide Flow Rate: N/A Filter Life: 30 gallons Warranty: 2 years This two-part treatment eliminates the need to bring any sort of filtration device on your travels - which, let's face it, always carry the risk of breaking or failing to work - and its ability to destroy bacteria, viruses, and protozoa means it can be used to provide safe drinking water all over the world. Key Features: - Two-step filtration - The Aquamira Drops consists of two separate bottles: a part A and a part B bottle. The liquids in both bottles are activated when they're combined, and take 20-30 minutes to sterilize your water. - Chlorine dioxide treatment - The key ingredient in this chemical treatment is chlorine dioxide, a chemical disinfectant that kills microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, and protozoa (including giardia and cryptosporidium). - Treats up to 30 gallons - A single two-bottle purchase can be used to treat up to 30 gallons of water, which costs around 12-15 cents per liter (depending on where you buy the drops and at what price). Best For: Anyone who prefers a chemical water treatment method instead of a physical filtration device and is looking for the best, most powerful option available. Pros: - The Aquamarina Drops are superior to most other chemical treatments because they destroy giardia and cryptosporidium. Most other treatment chemicals don't kill cryptosporidium, so the Aquamarina drops allow you to be better protected when hiking and camping. - Using these drops to purify water is easy. You simply pour a couple of drops from each of the bottles into the mixing cap, then leave them for 5 minutes to activate before adding them to your water and waiting another 20-30 minutes for the chemicals to take effect. - We appreciate that you don't have to fuss about with a filtration system for each member of your group. The two small bottles of chemicals should provide enough treatment for everyone throughout your trip. Cons: - If you don't want the hassle or fiddliness of using a chemical treatment, the Aquamira Drops might not be right for you. You can't prepare the solutions in advance - the measuring and mixing need to be done in real-time. - You won't get instant access to purified water, either. The total wait time is 25-35 minutes - not ideal if you're parched or you want to get back on the trails as quickly as possible. Best UV Purifier Our Rating★★★★★ CrazyCap Pro Our top recommended choice for the best UV water purifier for backpackers is the CrazyCap Pro. This bottle cap purifier can be used on any 740ml stainless steel water bottles, including the manufacturer's own bottle, and purifies water at the touch of a button. Weight: 16.2 ounces Type: UV purification system Technology: Ultraviolet light Flow Rate: N/A Filter Life: 62,500 gallons Warranty: 10 years Like all the best backpacking filters, the CrazyCap Pro has a lightweight, compact design that makes it a convenient hiking and camping companion. What makes this purifier unique is that it doesn't use physical filtration - instead, it eliminates disease-causing microorganisms with ultraviolet light. Key Features: - Instant UV purification - The CrazyCap Pro works instantly to purify water with UV. You simply touch the lid to purify the contents of the bottle. There are two modes: the first lasts 60 seconds and kills up to 99.1% of microorganisms, while the second lasts 90 seconds and kills 99.99999% of microorganisms. - Ultraviolet light treatment - There are no filters in this system. The device emits ultraviolet light with a 278nm wavelength, which effectively kills bacteria, particulates, and protozoa by scrambling their DNA. - Lasts for 500,000 treatments - The UV technology in this purification bottle cap has an impressive62,500 gallon or 236,588 liter lifespan, which equates to 10 years or 500,000 treatments. Best For: Folks who want the fastest and easiest backpacking water purification solution that guarantees safe, microorganism-free drinking water. Pros: - If you love getting your money's worth, the CrazyCap Pro is the backpacking water filter for you. It lasts 10 years - that's longer than any other filter lifespan on this list - and costs just $80 upfront. - We think this UV light water purifier is easier to use than any other treatment method for backpackers. Read the full article

The Benefits of Using a Stainless Steel Canteen for Daily Hydration

As we all know, staying hydrated is crucial for our health and well-being. And what better way to do it than by using a stainless steel canteen? Not only is it durable and long-lasting, but it also offers a wide range of benefits. First of all, stainless steel canteens are incredibly sturdy and can withstand extreme conditions. Whether you're hiking in the mountains or simply commuting to work, a stainless steel canteen can handle it all.

In this article, we'll explore the benefits of using a stainless steel canteen for daily hydration and why you should choose CanteenMWF for your hydration needs. Stainless Steel Canteen vs. Plastic Water Bottles One of the main benefits of using a stainless steel canteen is that it's much better for the environment than plastic water bottles. Plastic water bottles are a major source of pollution and can take hundreds of years to decompose. In contrast, stainless steel is a durable and long-lasting material that can be recycled infinitely without losing its quality. Stainless steel canteens are also much safer for your health than plastic water bottles. Plastic water bottles can contain harmful chemicals like BPA, which can leach into your water and cause health problems over time. Stainless steel canteens are free from these harmful chemicals, making them a safer and healthier choice for daily hydration. Military Water Filter Canteens If you're looking for a canteen that can filter water on the go, our military water filter canteen is the perfect choice. These canteens use advanced filtration technology to remove bacteria, protozoa, and other contaminants from water sources, making them safe to drink. With a military water filter canteen from CanteenMWF, you can stay hydrated no matter where your adventures take you. Stainless Steel Military Canteens Our stainless steel military canteens are another great option for daily hydration needs. These canteens are designed to be durable and long-lasting, making them perfect for outdoor adventures or everyday use. They're also easy to clean and maintain, ensuring that your water stays fresh and clean at all times. Why Choose CanteenMWF? At CanteenMWF, we're committed to providing our customers with the highest quality stainless steel canteens on the market. All of our canteens are made from food-grade stainless steel and are free from harmful chemicals like BPA. We also offer a wide range of canteens to choose from, including military water filter canteens and stainless steel military canteens, so you can find the perfect canteen for your hydration needs. In addition to our high-quality products, we also offer exceptional customer service. Our team is always available to answer any questions you may have and help you find the perfect canteen for your needs. We also offer fast and free shipping on all orders, so you can get your new canteen as quickly as possible. Conclusion If you're looking for a safe, durable, and environmentally-friendly way to stay hydrated throughout the day, a stainless steel canteen from CanteenMWF is the perfect choice. Whether you're looking for a military water filter canteen or a stainless steel military canteen, we have the perfect product for your needs. Shop our collection today and experience the benefits of using a high-quality stainless steel canteen for daily hydration. Original Source: https://bit.ly/3ZASvC5

5 Diy Methods To Scrub Your Air Conditioner

If surgical suites usually are not scheduled to be used (e.g., closed on weekends), they don't necessarily must be cleaned each 24 hours. However, the damp dusting prior to the first scheduled case upon reopening ought to be detailed and thorough. If mildewed paper is washable, wipe it gently with a cloth wrung out of thick soapsuds, then with clear water. If stains stay, bleach with an answer of a household bleach, then sponge with a material wrung out of clear water. We suggest that fresh-cut processors use practices to maximize the cleansing potential throughout these processes and to reduce the potential for cross-contamination. We advocate that food processors consider creating specs and controls for all ingredients and parts which may be necessary for production of secure completed product. Specifications provide standards by which a meals processor can assess the acceptability of ingredients and components and thus, minimize microbial, chemical, and bodily hazards. We suggest, for example, that the fresh-cut processor know as a lot as possible concerning the production practices and conditions for the firm's incoming product. I would ask him to shop for disinfectant mats and sprayers. Turn off the water, shut the door on your means out, and let the steam and the cleaner combine for 20 minutes. Wipe the tile floor, too, but only after you've finished the rest of the dirty work. For a remote, remove the batteries, turn it the incorrect means up, and tap it in opposition to your palm to remove mud and dust in the keys. (A dry toothbrush or wooden toothpick helps dislodge stubborn debris.) Spray a gentle material with a water and alcohol answer, wipe the remote, then clear across the keys with a cotton ball dampened with the water/alcohol combine. Cleansing, Sanitizing, Disinfecting The guiding rules in sterilization, as in other dental areas, must be confirmed and demonstrable effectiveness in destroying pathogens, ease of use in a daily scientific setting, and practical efficiency. If cleaning soap isn't available, use sanitizer that accommodates 60% alcohol or more and rub your arms collectively till they really feel dry. Read the label of the disinfectant you plan on using to ensure that you understand the directions for that product. Do not use high-pressure washers that can find yourself spraying bacteria over a larger area. An essential part of running a successful enterprise is maintaining a clean surroundings. Whether you stay on prime of your cleansing by utilizing a cleansing checklist or schedule, ensuring that your location is cleaned often might help hold your employees and customers healthy. Fungi are also liable for pores and skin conditions similar to athlete's foot and ringworm. Not all micro organism are dangerous, and some micro organism that stay in your physique are helpful. For instance, Lactobacillus acidophilus — a innocent bacterium that resides in your intestines — helps you digest food, destroys some disease-causing organisms and provides nutrients. Hydrogen peroxide is simply risky when consumed in excessive concentration. UV lamps are placed in a flow-through contact compartment that's constantly operated. UV fluence comparable to the UV mild depth and the contact time instantly impacts the disinfection effectivity. Efficiency of disinfection is defined using the Ct value which is outlined as the product of disinfectant concentration and the contact time . Although this categorization for disinfection ranges generally remains legitimate, there are examples of disinfection points with prions, viruses, mycobacteria, and protozoa that challenge these definitions. An investigation revealed a quantity of flaws in the allotting system. Inexpensive check strips and more difficult titration kits are available to monitor quaternary ammonium concentrations of disinfectants. One study discovered locker room faucet handles were probably the most germ-infested floor in gyms, with over 545,000 colony-forming units of micro organism per sq. inch. Disinfecting wipes in locker rooms will kill off the harmful bacteria and viruses and assist maintain patrons safe. For younger youngsters particularly, you'll have the ability to't at all times management what they contact and put in their mouths. How Are Green Carpet Cleaning Solutions Different? Our cleaning processes uses one-fifth the amount of the water that steam cleaners use, serving to to make sure a more healthy, Greener home. We collected each DIY recipes and a few ready-to-buy merchandise from the wide world of pure carpet cleaning. Not solely is KIWI’s new green carpet cleaner safer for your family, it’s also better for the environment! Because the components are derived from nature, KIWI’s new cleaner is completely biodegradable and water soluble. Our goal is to offer our San Mateo & Belmont group with the most secure, healthiest, cleaning attainable. Our green carpet cleaning solutions are perfect for our neighborhood and are green certified. Chem-Dry’s flagship cleansing solution, The Natural®, is on the FDA’s G.R.A.S. list.; however, our dedication to Green doesn’t stop there. In addition, we use one-fifth the amount of water during our cleaning process, ensuring a more healthy, Greener house. In distinction, typical steam cleaners require extreme amounts of water and harsh chemical compounds. Since the products utilized in eco-friendly cleaning are non-toxic and biodegradable, the process won't involve the release of dangerous options and harmful chemical compounds into the surroundings. To prolong the lifetime of your carpet, schedule a industrial carpet cleaning a minimal of every year. If your carpet is topic to heavy visitors or pets, you could want our service 2-3 instances per 12 months. Your Ultimate Information To Spring Cleansing Could you image your basement or attic as a extra useful space? If so, it could be time to purge these areas, and create the space you should make that a actuality. Old paint, oil, fuel and cleansing chemicals have to be disposed of accurately. Never put any chemicals down the drain or onto your garden. Latex paint can be allowed to dry earlier than disposal or combine it with cat litter to make it stable. There are organizations that recycle paint as well, so a search of your native area may reveal a company that can take it off your hands. There's all the time a little bit of cleaning resolution that seeps underneath and creeps out later. Installing a detachable toilet seat solves the issue. This Bemis model seat is simple to remove by simply twisting two hinge caps about a quarter of a turn. You can use a espresso filter for dusting other family equipment, too. Washing windows and mirrors is probably the least favourite cleansing duties. At Cleanzen cleansing service, we're here to make your life easier and you'll guide directly on-line for all sorts of home cleaning service. If you may have any questions, please do not hesitate to name or e-mail us. Your rubbish disposal has a troublesome, messy role in your kitchen, so it understandably can develop an unpleasant odor over time. You also can use material softener sheets to wipe down window blind slats; the sheets trap dust and dirt, and make cleansing a breeze. The largest chore to tackle in your living room might be your furniture. Cloth chairs and sofas may be steam-cleaned or vacuumed to remove dust and dirt. Always use the appropriate cleaner on different supplies corresponding to leather or suede to maintain your furniture in perfect situation. How Cleanliness Impacts Your Office If you are obese or overweight, burn extra calories than you eat to shed weight. Protect your pores and skin from the sun at present to assist stop skin most cancers later in life. Most skin most cancers seems after age 50, however harm from the sun can start during childhood. The best way to forestall pores and skin most cancers is to guard your pores and skin from the solar. FEHB eligibility is not required to enroll in a Dependent Care FSA. However, staff may solely choose one of the FSA choices. Purchase the memberships in the name of the company, not within the name of the person employee. MAGNET is a non-profit consulting group targeted on growing Northeast Ohio's manufacturing trade to unlock prosperity in our region. Our sensible consulting helps start-ups thrive and small and medium-sized corporations transform with expertise, innovation and talent. We create jobs and drive change by collaborating with manufacturing CEOs, governments, group leaders and educators to solve issues and build alternatives. MAGNET is a half of the NIST and Ohio Manufacturing Extension Partnership program to support small and medium manufacturers across the US. Maintaining a clean job site requires staying up-to-date on cleaning duties. There could additionally be a number of cleaners who report to a Cleaner Supervisor for a big firm. For smaller corporations, they will report on to an Office Manager, Building Manager, or owner. Daily, cleaners can work together with staff on their same shift or work alone, relying on the time of day. Cleaners maintain all facilities by keeping the company premises clear and well-organized. They additionally monitor supplies stored in their space and reply to guests' inquiries about the place they can get certain issues accomplished. How To Clean Curtains And Drapes Professional cleaning can extend the lifetime of your drapes and be positive that they retain their form and color. Drapery cleaning service will take care of the delicate materials for you, whether or not you've lined drapes or blackout lining. Professional cleansing keeps the fabric from shrinking, and they know the means to correctly handle it. Allow the carpet to dry totally earlier than strolling on the carpet. Regular light cleaning of your carpeting can delay the time between deep cleanings. Doing this, a deep cleansing should only be necessary each three to six months. When cleaning upholstery with a humid cloth, brush it in small sections. Use a vacuum cleaner attachment to scrub your chairs, sofas and other upholstered surfaces. How to vacuum and mud drapesShort strokes and the upholstery brush are your pal. We can clean your drapery in your house OR give you a pick-up & supply service OR You can drop off your material at our store. Be sure to use small-particle filters in central heating and cooling systems and room air conditioners. Change your filters each three months, and have your heating and air con units inspected and serviced every six months. You could additionally improve your techniques to incorporate high-efficiency media filters. Carpet Cleaning The beauty and lifetime of your carpet is determined by the care it receives. What's Green Cleaning? Combinations of the above basic merchandise can provide much less dangerous substitutions for many industrial products. Here are some formulation for secure, alternative home care products. This ingredient is a solvent used in some degreasers and heavy-duty cleaners. All new merchandise might be diligently evaluated by the CBS Safety Committee Chemical & Equipment Subcommittee and dropped at the entire Committee and NYU for evaluate and approval. Each product should meet EPA minimal guidelines, Green Seal Standards, EPA Design for the Environment specs, Environmental Choice Standards, CRI Standards, or requirements and requirements set forth by the USGBC LEED program. First, take inventory of each tangible software used in your cleansing program to search out opportunities to improve environmental duty and safety. Determine if your ground care equipment, similar to brooms, autoscrubbers and vacuums, dustpans, mops, and mop buckets, will help meet heightened expectations of cleanliness. Consider durability and design, which can prolong the lifespan of these tools and in the end restrict waste. Assess if current cleansing chemical compounds may negatively impression human health or indoor air high quality; some solutions comprise compounds that can cause signs like eye or skin irritation, headaches, or allergic reactions. It's also a good suggestion to wash when no one else is around -- particularly children. And it does not matter what merchandise we use, correct ventilation is essential. Many of Seventh Generation's products earned an "A" grade from EWG. SDS sheets are filed, duplicate, within the chemical storage room and the manager’s workplace in clearly labeled binders. Any additional storage areas will keep SDS sheets for the actual chemicals being stored. An on-going inventory shall be saved on all chemical compounds used or stored at each location. Dilution Control Centers maybe in varied janitorial closets throughout the building or project. The dilution control center will be kept locked in addition to the janitorial closet. Hood And Enclosure Design Records of all exposure monitoring and other data used in conducting the worker exposure assessment, including objective information, have to be established and maintained. The records should embrace the name and job classification of employees monitored, particulars of the sampling and analytic strategies, outcomes and sort of respiratory protection worn. Retaining records is required due to the long latency interval of some illnesses caused by lead exposure. The employer has monitored similar jobs in the course of the previous 12 months and the outcomes have proven that exposures were below the AL. The jobs monitored should carefully resemble office circumstances, the extent of coaching and supervision, course of, kind of material, management strategies, work practices and environmental circumstances prevailing in the employer's current operations. Chronic overexposure to guide impairs the reproductive systems of each women and men. Unless it is sure that no mercury was used, laboratory decommissioning ought to embrace testing of floors, sinks, cupboards, and molding round furnishings and walls. Visual inspection alone is insufficient as historic spills might reach beneath ground tiles and furniture, and behind walls. As described within the ANSI Laboratory Decommissioning Standard, trendy mercury testing utilizes a portable atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a sensitivity of 2 ng/m3. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Minimal Risk Level of 200 ng/m3 for non-occupationally exposed individuals. Chapter 6, section 6.C.10.eight, includes data on dealing with mercury contamination. They generally are water cooled, though air-cooled centrifugal chillers can be found. Reciprocating compressor chillers are piston-type machines and are typically bought as package parts complete with all essential operating and safety controls. They could be connected to a remote air-cooled condenser or be supplied with a water-cooled condenser, with water being equipped from a cooling tower or other supply. Reciprocating compressor chillers are available in sizes up to approximately 200 tons. The bigger sizes of package-type models are sometimes equipped with a quantity of compressors. Capacity modulation for reciprocating compressor chillers is provided by utilizing a quantity of compressors or a mix of multiple compressors and step unloading of compressor cylinders. 清潔達人專業到府

STUDIES ON DIVERSITY OF FREELIVING FRESH WATER PROTOZOA FROM ERODE REGION, TAMILNADU, INDIA | UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

The current findings must describe investigations on the diversity of free-living fresh water protozoa from the Erode region of Tamil Nadu. pH, salinity, temperature, calcium, nitrites, phosphate, and dissolved oxygen were among the physicochemical parameters studied. The pH was measured at 29°C, with a salinity of 0.2700 percent, calcium of 480 mg/liter, nitrates of 0.0408 mg/liter, and phosphate of -4.6956 mg/liter. The structural alteration resulted in the identification of 27 species. Two divisions were classified according to the taxonomic categorization. The phylum ciliophora has eight species of kinetofragminophorea. The phylum Saromsttigophora includes four species in this subphylum. The phylum Ciliophora includes two species of the Oligohymenophorea class. Please see the link :- http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/1782

Iris Publishers - World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science (WJASS)

Current Application of Microencapsulation Technology in Bioremediation of Polluted Groundwater

Authored by Stalis Norma Ethica

The long-term establishment of the global water supply and sustainability is closely related with the world population growth and global climate change. Steadfast growth of the world’s population forecasted to be almost multiplied by two from 3.4 to 6.3 billion between 2009 - 2050, is presented by a predicted required growth of 70% agriculture production by 2050 [1]. Hence, the need for fresh water is dramatically increasing, especially for food production. It is because 70% of the withdrawals of world’s freshwater are already adjudged for agricultural land irrigation. Today each year, 64 billion cubic meters of fresh water are consumed progressively by worlds’ population [2].

In developing countries, ground water contamination is a key issue, with high levels of pollutants being reported in various regions. Various contamination control and groundwater treatment technologies methods should be applied to overcome this problem [3]. Groundwater treatment technologies encompass physical, chemical, or biological treatment techniques. They could be divided as ex-situ or in-situ technologies.

Aside of world population growth and global climate change, in particular, agricultural activities have been known to give impact to groundwater pollution. For example, high nitrogen fertilizers application rates have been associated with the raise of groundwater pollution [4]. Groundwater has been found as vulnerable to pesticides used in agricultural land [5].

Public concern with polluted soil and groundwater encouraged the development of programs designed to control and remediate this contamination, as well as to prevent further contamination [1]. Bioremediation as an environmentally friendly, socially allowable and economically viable is among the best way to eliminate pollutants from the environment. In bioremediation, microorganisms with beneficial biological activity, including fungi, algae, bacteria, and yeast, could be utilized in their naturally occurring forms [6].

In situ bioremediation involving bio-stimulation and/ or bioaugmentation, being an economical and eco-friendly approach, has come out as the most beneficial soil and water clean-up technique for contaminated sites [7]. Systems involving degrading bacteria have been found helpful in supporting bioremediation option to treat the polluted groundwater [8]. Cells of degrading bacteria have been known as bioremediation agent [9]. Microencapsulation is among important strategy used in bio-augmentation and biostimulation improve the effectiveness of bioremediation processes [10].

Microencapsulation is among quality preservation techniques of vulnerable substances, such as enzymes, living bacterial cells, phytochemicals, and a method for generation of materials with novel precious characteristics. Microencapsulation is defined as a process of packing micron-sized particles in a polymeric shell. Various techniques are now available for the encapsulation of different entities. This mini review provides a literature review of different microencapsulation techniques applied in bioremediation of groundwater worldwide in the last ten years [1].

Discussion

Bioremediation for polluted groundwater

With latest advancements, bioremediation offers an environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and economically viable as well as choice option to deplete pollutants from the environment. There are three major ways of bioremediation including the use of microorganisms, plants and enzymes as remediation agent [11].

Bioremediation technology optimizes and exploits the natural role of microorganisms in the transformation and mineralization of these environmental pollutants. The range of contaminated environments may include surface and subsurface soils and surface and groundwater. Bioremediation for contaminated sites including groundwater containing heavy metals and/or organic pollutants usually involves bio-augmentation and/or bio-stimulation [10]. Bioaugmentation could be defined as addition of pre-grown microbial cultures to support the degradation of unwanted substances (contaminants), while bio-stimulation is the injection of nutrients and other supplementary substances to the indigenous microbial population to influence propagation at a stimulated rate [7].

As the concern towards environmental deterioration grows worldwide, new technological achievements become important for all countries. Among the technologies offering great potential of bioremediation is the microencapsulation of active material including living cells or microorganisms [12]. For bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to harmless products [11].

Role of microencapsulation in bioremediation

Microencapsulation is defined as a process of enclosing or encapsulating micron-sized particles of solids or small drops of liquids or gasses in an inert shell, which in turn protects and isolates them from the external environment [13]. Micro-particles are products obtained by microencapsulation. When the particles have diameter between 3–800mm, they are regarded as micro-particles, microspheres or microcapsules. Micro-capsules are distinguished from microspheres in terms of morphology and internal structure [14].

Microencapsulation is a technology developed to pack solids, liquids and gases in tiny, sealed capsules isolating and protecting them from harsh environmental factors, such as moisture, light, oxygen, and interaction with other substances. Such microcapsules could gradually release their contents under specific conditions at controlled rates. Those packs are spherical with a micrometer size; yet are highly affected by the structure of micro-carriers and the core components [15,16].

Degradation activities naturally mediated by microorganisms used as bioremediation agent could detoxify pollutants. It is also the goal bioremediation to develop reliable technology, which can accelerate this degradation process, to reduce health risks of the pollutants and to restore the affected site into its natural state. However, even though these organisms have high degradation performance, there are limitations in success including microbial inoculum distribution and handling, suppression by parasites and predators as well as nutrient limitation [17]. These factors highly affect microbial bioremediation agent to survive in the environment. To overcome the issues, possible strategies include improved delivery system of microbial inoculum on microencapsulation technology, which could provide protection through the making of micro-environments and allow controlled release of inoculum to the targeted site [18].

Bio-stimulation supported by microencapsulation

Bio-stimulation is a commonly used technique for bioremediation involving the addition of rate-limiting nutrients to speed up the biodegradation process. Bio-stimulation often includes the addition of oxygen and nutrients to aid indigenous microorganisms used as bioremediation agent. The nutrients are essential as the basic building blocks of life allowing the microorganisms to produce particular enzymes, which could degrade pollutants [11].

A number of studies have reported the use of controlled release of active materials as a way of bio-stimulation and providing the nutrients required or essential for the bioremediation process [12]. In this sense, bio-stimulation could be highly supported by microencapsulation. The use of microencapsulated microorganisms offers a great potential in degrading pollutants through bioremediation. Microencapsulation of living microbial cells in a semi-permeable gel or carrier materials bring more advantages over the free cell bio-augmentation. The microencapsulation could prevent microbial cells from bacteriophage infections and protozoa grazing. It supports both biological and physical stabilities, by decreasing risks such as brief and sudden variations of pH or temperature; covers from abiotic stresses coming from heavy metals or other toxic compounds [19]. In addition, microencapsulation using carboxymethyl-cellulose as microcarrier could form fine structures for nutrient release, producing bio-stimulation in biodegradation process [12]. Thus, in general, microencapsulation is beneficial in enhancing cell survival and high biomass concentration

Bio-augmentation supported by microencapsulation

Bioremediation of pollutants or contaminants by utilizing microorganisms is among the most important strategies to eliminate contaminants from groundwater. However, there are limitations of this approach since many contaminants are not efficiently removed [11]. To overcome these limitations, bio-augmentation also includes addition more specific and efficient pollutantbiodegrading microorganisms into a microbial community as a way to support the ability of this microbial community to biodegrade contaminants. In this aspect, microencapsulation of the pollutantbiodegrading microbial cells is relevant to allow steady supply of the bioremediation agent.

To date, the elimination of contaminants by bio-augmentation has been widely investigated in surface water, soil and groundwater [19]. However, although it has been practiced in agriculture and in wastewater treatment for years, bio-augmentation is still experimental. Many factors (e.g. predation, competition or sorption) conspire against it. However, a number of strategies have been explored to make bio-augmentation a beneficial technology in sites lacking significant populations of biodegrading microorganisms. The pollutant degradation rate under optimal local conditions, may increase upon addition of an inoculant to remediate a chemical spill; yet, the most successful examples of bio-augmentation occur in confined systems, such as bioreactors allowing controlled conditions to favor prolonged activity and survival of the exogenous microbial population [20].

Micro-carriers used in groundwater bioremediation applications

One of the vital steps in micro-coating is choosing the most suitable wall materials/ micro-carriers. Micro-carriers or coating materials usually are film-forming materials opted from various natural and synthetic polymers, or combination of both, depending on the inner component and the overall desired microcapsule characteristics [15,21]. Ideally, the wall or sphere material should be an emulsifier, so it could promote enough content release when reconstructed into the product, have a low viscosity due to high concentrations of solids, have good film-forming performance, and have high hygroscopicity.

Over the past 10 years, the number of publications on the use of encapsulated microorganisms for the elimination of pollutants in contaminated groundwater has been increasing steadily. The following are among the most commonly used wall/ sphere materials in microencapsulation: carbohydrates (sucrose, starch, maltodextrins, and cyclodextrins), cellulose (carboxymethyl cellulose and its derivatives), gum (Arabic and agar), lipids (wax and fatty acids), and proteins (gelatin, gluten, and casein) [16,21]. Most of these materials have been used in the bioremediation of groundwater in the last decade as listed in Table 1.

Based on Table 1, in the last decade, microencapsulation technology has been widely applied in bioremediation of groundwater polluted by various substances including hydrocarbons, heavy metal, dioxin, herbicides, and plastics. Various micro-carriers grouped as alginates, gums, polymers have also been used as encapsulating materials providing protection as well as nutrition source in suitable environment allowing the release and growth of microbial cells. Interestingly, the microbial cell immobilization could be done by creation of dried cells, which means it does not necessarily need any micro-carrier [8].

Based on this literature review, microencapsulation technologies with various applied micro-carriers as single or combinations keep producing novel micro-engineered materials offering great potential for more innovations in the future. Such innovations are in particular very beneficial for the treatment for contaminated groundwater [22-29].

Conclusion

There is a need for novel advanced groundwater bioremediation technologies, in particular to ensure a high quality of drinking water and to eliminate water pollutants using suitable treatment systems. Micro-engineered materials produced by microencapsulation technology offer the potential for novel water technologies that can be easily adapted to groundwater bioremediation applications. To date, microencapsulation with various micro-carriers keep producing novel micro-engineered materials offering great potential for more innovations in the coming decades, in particular for treating heavily degradable contaminants in groundwater

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How To Treat Infectious Diseases: OZONE

Wondering how you can treat and even prevent communicable diseases? 

Today’s medicine you should always have in your cabinet is: Ozone.

If you knew of a molecular compound that was anti-inflammatory, an anti-oxidant, an antitbiotic, boosts the immune system, boosts the gut microbiome, boosts the metabolism, aids proper circulation of the blood, increases cognitive function, increases stem cell production and tissue reparation, provides food/energy for every cell in the body, repairs the endocrine system, heals nearly all infections, heals a variety of illnesses, relieves a variety of ailments, and more...would you use it? Most notably in today’s topic at hand, it is scientifically proven to be an extremely efficacious treatment against all bacterias, fungi, viruses, yeasts, and protozoas, including antibiotic resistant infections. 

This compound is O3 (a compound of three oxygen molecules,) or ozone. We usually find oxygen compounds with just one or two oxygen molecules like carbon monoxide, CO, and hydrogen dioxide, H2O, because O3 is incredibly unstable and readily parts with its extra oxygen molecule, eliminating free radicals as it absorbs into the bloodstream. This means ozone is a highly reactive and extremely fast acting medicine. Ozone therapies available for your medicine cabinet come in two methods of delivery: ozonated oils and ozonated water. (There are more ways for administering ozone therapy but if you want to look into them, make sure you have a quality medical provider on board with your journey and the advanced therapy’s administration.) Using ozone is easy, affordable, safe, and error proof, without the laundry list of side effects and unavoidable mutations that pharmaceuticals cause. If you’re only able to afford one tool in your medicine cabinet, this is The One.

“Starting from the demonstrated evidence that our immune system produces O3 by antibodies to dispatch their bactericidal activity, it is clear the importance of its anti-pathogen role against bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative), fungi, virus, yeast and protozoa. In bacteria, O3 disrupts the integrity of the bacterial cell wall through oxidation of phospholipids and lipoproteins. As this occurs, the stability of the bacterial cell envelope is attenuated. In fungi, O3 inhibits their growth interacting in the same way as bacteria. In viruses, O3 damages the viral capsid and breaks the reproductive cycle by disrupting the contact between the virus and the cell through the process of peroxidation. The cells vulnerable to the invasion of viruses are coated with weak enzymes, susceptible to oxidation and can be eliminated from the body when interacting with O3.” 

This excerpt is from a great study that was just published a few days ago, I highly recommend you read it for a full overview of what all ozone does.

Ozonated water is arguably the best form of delivery for most treatments. You can buy an affordable, quality, small machine online. Our ozone generator has supplied my family with years of medicine and clean water/air for less than $75. Get one! Making the water is as simple as plugging the machine in, putting the diffuser stone into a glass or jug of cold water, and selecting the time setting needed. (For my generator) two minutes will get you a glass of ozonated water, thirty will get you a gallon. You can then drink this water, apply it to or soak a target area, clean and sterilize objects, apply it to burns and cuts, treat plants with it, treat animals with it, use it on your hair, soak your produce in it, and more.

I have this ozone generator.

Ozonated water alone is sufficient to kill almost all pathogens after 30 seconds. In a world of constantly developing infectious diseases, noninfectious diseases, antibiotic resistant infections, and antimicrobial resistant infections, ozone is an irreplaceable tool. What is more accepted and utilized in the body than water and oxygen? Utilizing O3 in the body is the natural aid for reparations. There are nearly no known side effects from use of ozonated water and it does not damage most anything else that isn’t damaged by water, either. 

Putting this in a real life perspective: when you go to the doctor for a Staph or MRSA infection, they will prescribe you an antibiotic to take for 30 days. The CDC recommends antibiotics that in over a handful of options, no more than 87% efficacy is expected. These antibiotics also have a long list of side effects and are perpetuating the issue of Antibiotic Resistant Threats. When I got a staph infection, the doctor prescribed me a bottle of pills for me to take one a day for the next 30 days, and if it didn’t work, I should come back and get more. Ozonated water is clinically proven to heal staph infections in 60 seconds. I was camping at the time and used ozonated oil. Ozonated oil is clinically proven to heal staph infections in 15 minutes. My large infection in several different areas was entirely cleared up in 3 days of bi-daily ozonated olive oil application, maybe a total of 1/2 teaspoon used and my skin looked better than before I got the infection even.

Ozonated oils are good to keep on hand in cases such as camping and on-the-go when you don’t want to (or can’t) prepare ozonated water. Yes, there are machines that you could buy to ozonate your own oil but quality machines cost several thousands of dollars and until you’re fully familiar with this medicine, its probably easiest to just buy a jar of ozonated oil from a quality supplier. Smaller machines (like the one I have) are technically able to ozonate oil but in order to get the concentration we’re seeking, they would be heavily overworked even just to get close. I can’t emphasize enough how important sourcing integrity is for ozonated oils - you don’t want to be paying for diluted ozone masking as miracle products (ozone is a superior product in itself, additives cheapen it) and you don’t want to be paying for unsaturated/partially ozonated oils (a red flag for this poor quality is when a company lists how long their oils are ozonated for.) A good company to avoid is Ozoned Organics. 

I use this ozonated olive oil, ozonated coconut oil, ozonated castor oil, and ozonated hemp oil. 

The different oils used do make a difference in how saturated the ozone is, so sensitivities should be taken into consideration when using different strengths. Ozonated hempseed oil has the highest level of saturation/strength so I like to consider it for use as a very specific as need basis. Ozonated coconut oil has the lowest level of saturation/strength so I like to consider it great for nearly anything, especially with small children/babies, the elderly, and sensitive parts like the genitals - keep in mind coconut oil is also the most agreeable flavor for oral use or ingestion. Ozonated olive oil is a good “medium” level of saturation/strength so I like to consider it my basic go-to and you’ll find our family using it daily, which is great because a 2oz jar still always lasts us longer than a month. You can also use specific oils for their individual benefits, such as castor oil is great for hair and jojoba oil is great for skin.

A couple of things to pay attention to when you’re first using ozone internally is that you may experience parasite die-off, which is never fun for anyone. Thankfully, parasite die-off from ozonated water is generally very brief and lasts about 15-30 minutes after your first glass of water and doesn’t happen again. So actually this is a great option, in my opinion, and I would recommend using ozonated water to boost any other parasite cleanse treatment! The parasite die-off from ozonated oil is different and the headaches in particular can last longer and continue with continued use until the parasites in your body are entirely dead/removed. After your initial use, you’ll notice fairly immediate effects of die-off if you are going to have them. Your reaction will correspond with the location of the parasites; if you have parasites in your intestines, you will vomit; if you have parasites in your colon, you will have diaherria, if you have parasites in your brain, you will have a headache. Again, these are usually mild and brief, but its still good to be aware of so you can properly prepare and have some time set aside in a comfortable place before the first time you ingest ozone. 

Another note is that yes, this ozone is the same as what is surrounding our planet and yes, it is not safe for us to breathe as a gas. When you’re using a machine, you want to set it up in a room that you can leave while the machine is running. The escaping gases will clean the air in your room, so this is particularly beneficial for those of us with sensitive respiratory systems. I like to have a more permanent ozonation station setup in the bathroom but also an easy station to setup in every room - ozone is way better at making a room fresh than aerosol sprays, wax melts, essential oils, and the like. 

On the other hand, ozonated oil is extremely beneficial to breathe. One of the easiest ways to achieve this is by applying ozone along and into the nostrils. A quick swirl around and into the nostrils will instantly aid with most breathing related stresses. You might have ozone boogers for a while, which is just a sign that you’re receiving residual benefits. As an asthmatic, I use this to help stop wheezing and whenever there is wildfire smoke or poor air quality where I am. We also apply this to our noses anytime we’re feeling in the slightest bit sick as well as whenever we know our breathing could use a little boost, like when its particularly cold out or if we’re adventuring in higher elevations. Its also really fantastic to put on before exercising, stretching, or meditating. 

I like to oil pull with ozonated oil and brush my teeth with ozonated water (making sure to spit it out afterwards so all of the inactivated gunk goes down the drain instead of into your body, and into the trash can if using oil so it doesn’t clog up the drains.) I like to soak my produce in ozonated water for 30 minutes to remove any residues, kill any pathogens, and better preserve the produce so they last longer before going bad. I like to clean with ozonated water, and am constantly amazed at how ozonated water will lift stains like a fake commercial. I like to use ozonated oil on wood products that require oil treatments like cutting boards, wooden utensils, and handmade goodies. I like to pour ozonated water in my hair during a shower and use ozonated oil as a regular treatment on all hair (including my pits!) I like to use ozonated water as a genital rinse for adults/children for any sort of funk going on down under, and ozonated oil is a great diaper rash or genital ointment for any use. I like to fill up a sprayer with ozonated water and spray down plants just once right before they transition from the vegetative state to the fruiting/flowering state to ensure the plants are healthy and able to easily achieve maximum production. I like to soak my medical equipment (i.e. my nebulizer parts) in ozonated water for 30 minutes. I like to apply ozonated oil onto any cuts or scars I have to watch them disappear after a handful of applications (this includes stretch marks!) I have gotten chronic stress rashes since I was a child that have never been treatable for me but now I like to use ozonated oil any time I have any sort of rash and it is always cleared up within a few days - its actually recommended to use ozonated oil to treat adverse reactions from pharmaceuticals even.

Whenever I hear of an ailment, my first thought is “does ozone help that?” Most of the time, it does, and it is always the answer when considering any of the communicable diseases. You can know, with confidence based on published and peer reviewed unbiased science, that any of the fad diseases projected by the media or the CDC are treatable with ozone. You can assume that after 1 minute under ozonated water a target area will be disinfected - shoot for a 30 minute soak and you’re invoking some of the most the powerful self care possible. You can assume that after 30 minutes under ozonated oil a target area will be disinfected - shoot for applying a thin layer of ozonated oil two or three times a day (or anytime a target area feels dried, itchy, or uncomfortable) until all signs of infection are gone. Pay attention! You will likely be able to see this stuff working before your eyes. I kid you not that you can be bleeding, apply this stuff, and watch yourself not only stop bleeding but the red blood cells get reabsorbed into your circulating bloodstream. This is scientifically demonstrated! Its phenomenal and you can rest assured your family’s health is protected as long as you have ozone on hand.

We also drink ozonated water daily, anywhere from a glass to a gallon or more per person depending on how we’re feeling and what’s going on with us. The most exciting part of drinking ozonated water is the burps as you can literally feel your body breathing from the inside out, almost like a fish, as the extra oxygen is expressed through your lungs. You’ll enjoy knowing your immune system has an extra strength booster that is entirely beneficial for your body. Ozone is safe for you, safe for your children, safe for your pets, safe for your neighbors. It’d be a shame for the CDC and the pharmaceutical industry to lose all the money they make off the general public from all of their drug sales but give yourself the power of your health back and start using ozonated water and ozonated oils. You can easily achieve medical independency regarding infectious diseases and much more.

Don’t take my word for it! I do have anecdotal experience to share my own personal experiences that myself, my family, and my friends have had but I am not a doctor and I cannot legally provide you medical advice. Check out these published medical studies, learn up on the subject until you have a good understanding of the full concept of ozone, and then do further independent research of your own. I’d love to hear what you think if you do try ozonated water and/or oil out, what your experiences have been if you already use it, if you have any questions before you try it out, and if you have anything at all to add to this discussion! 

Until next time, find me in the moon, fellow time traveler.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31982474 “Molecular mechanisms in cognitive frailty: potential therapeutic targets for oxygen-ozone treatment” Scassellati C, Ciani M, Galoforo AC, Zanardini R, Bonvicini C, Geroldi C. Mech Ageing Dev. 2020 March

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20802424  “Antimicrobial activity of ozonated water”  Białoszewski D, Bocian E, Bukowska B, Czajkowska M, Sokół-Leszczyńska B, Tyski S.  Med Sci Monit. 2010 September

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31986325  “Topical Ozone Therapy Restores Microbiome Diversity in Atopic Dermatitis” Zeng J, Dou J, Gao L, Xiang Y, Huang J, Ding S, Chen J, Zeng Q, Luo Z, Tan W, Lu J. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 March

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29207120 “The Antibacterial Effect of Topical Ozone on the Treatment of MRSA Skin Infection” Song M, Zeng Q, Xiang Y, Gao L, Huang J, Huang J, Wu K, Lu J Mol Med Rep. 2018 February

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23579036 “Topical ozonated oil versus hyaluronic gel for the treatment of partial- to full-thickness second-degree burns: A prospective, comparative, single-blind, nonrandomized, control clinical trial.” Campanati A, De Blasio S, Giuliano A, Ganzetti G, Giuliodori K, Pecora T, Consales V, Minnetti I, Offidani A. Burns. 2013 September

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30925969  “Oxidizing Effect of Ozonated-Water on Microbial Balance in the Oral Ecosystem” Razak FA, Musa MY, Abusin HAM, Salleh NM J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2019 April

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32024131  “Spraying Ozonated Water on Bobal Grapevines: Effect on Wine Quality” Campayo A, Serrano de la Hoz K, García-Martínez MM, Salinas MR, Alonso GL. Biomolecules. 2020 February

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30996448  “Application of an environmentally friendly preventive measure for the preservation of fresh vegetables” Paulikienė S, Raila A, Žvirdauskienė R, Zvicevičius E. J Food Sci Technol. 2019 April

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30896566  “Effect of ozonated water on normal vaginal micro ecology and Lactobacillus” Zhang QQ, Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen R, Huang ZY, Lyu T, Liao QP. Chin Med J (Engl). 2019 May

In nature it is not universally manifested. To speak only of animals, it is well known that among the microscopic one-celled forms – infusoria, amoebae, sporozoans, and the like – multiplication is fundamentally distinct from sexuality. Each cell divides and subdivides by itself. In many-celled animals or metazoans reproduction may take place asexually, either by schizogenesis – that is, by fission or cutting into two or more parts which become new individuals – or by blastogenesis – that is, by buds that separate and form new individuals. The phenomena of budding observed in the fresh-water hydra and other coelenterates, in sponges, worms, and tunicates, are well-known examples. In cases of parthenogenesis the egg of the virgin female develops into an embryo without fertilisation by the male, which thus may play no role at all. In the honey-bee copulation takes place, but the eggs may or may not be fertilised at the time of laying. The unfertilised eggs undergo development and produce the drones (males); in the aphids males are absent during a series of generations in which the eggs are unfertilised and produce females. Parthenogenesis has been induced artificially in the sea urchin, the starfish, the frog, and other species. Among the one-celled animals (Protozoa), however, two cells may fuse, forming what is called a zygote; and in the honey-bee fertilisation is necessary if the eggs are to produce females. In the aphids both males and females appear in the autumn, and the fertilised eggs then produced are adapted for over-wintering.

USD research project to Anarctica

USD research project to Anarctica

Did you feel like a penguin this last week?

Penguins are in my favorite research project logo.  USD zoology professor Raymond Dillon and two grad students participated in an United States Antarctica research program for 10 weeks in 1969, collecting fresh water and soil protozoa samples.

For more information on the research project, please see The University of South Dakota Alumni Dakotan, volume…

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Protozoa

-- means “first animals”

-- one-celled

-- heterotrophic

-- thousands of species

-- some are parasitic

-- habitats      -- fresh water      -- salt water      -- dry sand      -- moist soil

-- usually asexual

-- may reproduce sexually during periods of adverse environmental conditions

-- four phyla      -- mastigophora      -- sarcodina      -- sporozoa      -- ciliata

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Great Salt Lake State Park, UT (No. 3)

The high salinity in parts of the lake makes them uninhabitable for all but a few species, including brine shrimp, brine flies, and several forms of algae. The brine flies have an estimated population of over one hundred billion and serve as the main source of food for many of the birds which migrate to the lake. However, the fresh- and salt-water wetlands along the eastern and northern edges of the Great Salt Lake provide critical habitat for millions of migratory shorebirds and waterfowl in western North America. These marshes account for approximately 75% of the wetlands in Utah. Some of the birds that depend on these marshes include: Wilson's phalarope, red-necked phalarope, American avocet, black-necked stilt, marbled godwit, snowy plover, western sandpiper, long-billed dowitcher, tundra swan, American white pelican, white-faced ibis, California gull, eared grebe, peregrine falcon, bald eagle, plus large populations of various ducks and geese.

There are twenty-seven private duck clubs, seven state waterfowl management areas, and a large federal bird refuge on the Great Salt Lake's shores. Wetland/wildlife management areas include the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge; Gillmor Sanctuary; Great Salt Lake Shorelands Preserve; Salt Creek, Public Shooting Grounds, Harold Crane, Locomotive Springs, Ogden Bay, Timpie Springs, and Farmington Bay Waterfowl Management Areas.

Several islands in the lake provide critical nesting areas for various birds. Access to Hat, Gunnison, and Cub islands is strictly limited by the State of Utah in an effort to protect nesting colonies of American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) The islands within the Great Salt Lake also provide habitat for lizard and mammalian wildlife and a variety of plant species. Some species may have been extirpated from the islands. For example, a number of explorers who visited the area in the mid-1800s (e.g. Emmanuel Domenech, Howard Stansbury, Jules Rémy) noted an abundance of yellow-flowered "onions" on several of the islands, which they identified as Calochortus luteus. This species today occurs only in California, however, at that time the name C. luteus was applied to plants that later were named C. nuttallii A yellow-flowered Calochortus was first named as a variety of C. nuttallii but was later separated into a new species C. aureus. This species occurs in Utah today, though apparently no longer on the islands of the Great Salt Lake.

Because of the Great Salt Lake's high salinity, it has few fish, but they do occur in Bear River Bay and Farmington Bay when spring runoff brings fresh water into the lake. A few aquatic animals live in the lake's main basin, including centimeter-long brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). Their tiny, hard-walled eggs or cysts (diameter about 200 micrometers)are harvested in quantity during the fall and early winter. They are fed to prawns in Asia, sold as novelty "Sea-Monkeys," sold either live or dehydrated in pet stores as a fish food, and used in testing of toxins, drugs, and other chemicals.There are also two species of brine fly as well as protozoa, rotifers, bacteria and algae.

Salinity differences between the sections of the lake separated by the railroad causeway result in significantly different biota. A phytoplankton community dominated by green algae or cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) tint the water south of the causeway a greenish color. North of the causeway, the lake is dominated by Dunaliella salina, a species of algae which releases beta-carotene, and the bacteria-like haloarchaea, which together give the water an unusual reddish or purplish color, and the bacteria converts non-toxic mercury into toxic methyl mercury, which then flows into the Southern portion of the lake in a heavy brine layer through the causeway.

Although brine shrimp can be found in the arm of the lake north of the causeway, studies conducted by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources indicate that these are likely transient. Populations of brine shrimp are mostly restricted to the lake's south arm.

In the two bays that receive most of the lake's fresh water inflows, Bear River Bay and Farmington Bay, the diversity of organisms is much higher. Salinities in these bays can approach that of fresh water when the spring snow melt occurs, and this allows a variety of bacteria, algae and invertebrates to proliferate in the nutrient-rich water. The abundance of invertebrates such as gnat larvae (chironomids) and back swimmers (Trichocorixa) are fed upon extensively by the huge shorebird and waterfowl populations that utilize the lake. Fish in these bays are fed upon by diving terns and pelicans.   

Source: Wikipedia

7 Lessons That Will Teach You All You Need To Know About Aqua Farming At Home

Rapeseed, brassica napus subspecies, napus, is a large winter or spring annual oil crop in the brassica family and is also referred to as rape and oilseed rape, and for a selected group of cultivars, ‘canola'. Learn to develop vegetation 12 months-spherical by using a soil-less hydroponic system. These two components interact through the water medium which cycles Aqua Farming At Home between them - and that's where the magic of aquaponics occurs. This will not only make your vegetation grow bigger and bigger as time goes by, but it's going to additionally clean the water for the fish in order that they can grow and develop as nicely.

  This important outreach will empower individuals and lakota indians to take pleasure in optimum healthy natural foods by way of aquaponic farming, as well as function a model for other tribes. Doherty also points out that aquaponics has an a variety of benefits over traditional soil farming in that systems require less water since it's continually The Aquaponics Garden recirculated and there is no have to introduce chemical fertilizers. Highly profitable and most popular built-in fish farming techniques are fish-poultry, fish-dairy, fish-duck, fish-pig, fish-paddy, fish-goat and fish-greens. These bacteria devour ammonia (waste produced by the fish and toxic to them) and convert it to nitrite (poisonous to fish). As a substitute, the develop bed is watered by a motorized ball Aquaponic Herb Garden valve that allows for gravity feed pressures. Utilizing a conventional soil based mostly method to grow strawberries on a large scale forces farmers to make use of a dangerous pesticide called methyl bromide. Before building of the pond, the water retention capability of the soil and the soil fertility needs to be taken care of as a result of these factors affect the response to the natural and inorganic fertilization within the farm pond.

    Form - sq. And rectangular shaped fish ponds are the fastest and easiest to build, but your pond can have a unique shape, as talked about earlier, relying on the shape of your land. Organic meat, poultry, eggs and dairy merchandise come from animals which might be given no antibiotics or development hormones Aquaponic Farming must be fed natural feed and have entry to the outside. You may choose the scale of develop mattress and aquarium depending on the amount of herbs and greens you might be planning to grow. This is a really great, readable guide to aquaponic gardening. Aerated compost tea: biological pest control consists of spraying compost tea - a brew of helpful microbes, fungi, and protozoa - on rising plants. You need an air pump to blow air into the tank water for both the fish and the crops. From what i can inform each ant for 3 miles round basically moved all their operations right beneath the backyard and feasted on corn, egg plant, lettuce, watermelon and pumpkin plants regardless of how much i sprayed them with cleaning soap.

  Our micro systems are backyard aquaponics systems of sixty four or 128 sq. Toes in size; the plans for each sizes are included in micro system diy package deal. He breeds fish and small crustaceans for the aquarium trade and has many alternative aquaponic methods out on his balcony in addition to at his dad and mom home. Aquaponics is a mixture of aquaculture and hydroponics. And to make it comfy for you to harvest the vegetation later, just regulate the develop bed to be at your waist top. Effectively, nearly any type of plant Aquaponics Gardening System that involves thoughts, excluding, of course, the vegetation whose fruits develop inside the ground, like potatoes, onions, garlic, sweet potatoes, and so forth. While you're raising fresh vegetables for your loved ones to eat, you are additionally raising fresh fish for food. Founders kengo and yoshi plan to import our aquasprouts backyard as a way to enhance awareness of aquaponics in japan. Stuppy's nft techniques make rising straightforward by economizing space and offering flexibility, whereas maximizing crop propagation and turnover.

Introduction Dinoflagellates are unicellular, flagellated protists The first modern dinoflagellate was described by Baker in 1753 The dinoflagellates were first defined by Otto Bütschli in 1885 as the flagellate order Dinoflagellida. Botanists treated them as a division of algae, named Pyrrhophyta after the bioluminescent forms. They have also been called the Dinophyta or Dinoflagellata Over 2000 species Traditionally classified as algae Most are microscopic, but a few reach a diameter of up to 2mm The dinoflagellates are a large group of flagellate protists. Most are marine plankton, but they are common in fresh water habitats as well. About half of all dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, and these make up the largest group of algae aside from the diatoms. Some species, called zooxanthellae, are endosymbionts of marine animals and protozoa, and play an important part in the biology of coral reefs. Other dinoflagellates are colorless predators on other protozoa, and a few forms are parasitic.

What To Look Out For While Testing Your Water In New Zealand

With so many water testing nz -related risks and uncertainly, it is always a good idea to take every precaution possible. If you live in New Zealand or plan on visiting the country anytime soon, this article will definitely come in handy!

What is a water filter?

A water filter is a device that removes contaminants from water. Common contaminants removed by water filters include bacteria, protozoa, and viruses.

How to choose the right water filter

If you're travelling to New Zealand, it's important to be aware of some key things to look out for when testing your water. Here are a few tips: -First and foremost, always drink filtered water if possible. This is especially important in areas with high levels of arsenic or other contaminants. Arsenic can cause serious health problems, including cancer, and can also be found in other harmful chemicals such as fluoride. -If you can't find a reliable water filter, boil water before using it. Boiling removes many contaminants, but make sure to add salt or iodine to make it safe for drinking. -And finally, don't be afraid to ask locals or hotel staff for advice about the safest way to drink the water in any given area. They'll usually be more than happy to help!

Why it’s important to test your water

Test your water before you come to New Zealand. There are a few reasons why it’s important to do this: -You may already be infected with a water-borne illness and not even know it. Illnesses such as cholera can be fatal if untreated. Travellers who are unwell should not travel and should seek medical advice before travelling. -You could be putting yourself and others at risk if the water is not safe to drink. If you experience any symptoms such as diarrhoea, vomiting, cramps or fever after drinking the water, don’t drink it and seek medical advice. -It’s also important to check that the water is safe for swimming, cooking and washing dishes. Safe water is essential for healthy tourism and businesses in New Zealand.

Best way to test your water and what to look for

Testing your water is an important part of traveling to New Zealand. While there are a few things you can do to check the quality of your water, the best way to test it is through a water filter. However, even if you don't have access to a water filter, you can still get information about the quality of your water by checking these five things. The hardness level: The hardness level is one way to measure the quality of your water. Hard water contains more minerals and can be more difficult to drink than softer water. The alkalinity level: The alkalinity level is another way to measure the quality of your water. Alkaline water has a higher pH level than acidic water and is better for washing dishes and clothes because it doesn't leave behind spots or colors. The total dissolved solids (TDS) level: TDS levels range from 0-500 mg/L and are a good indicator of the amount of salt in the water. Too much salt can lead to problems like dry skin and high blood pressure. The clarity: The clarity of water can range from clear to cloudy, but should be slightly clearer than milk or coffee. If the water is cloudy

Conclusion

Before you leave for New Zealand, it's important to check the water quality in your destination. Here are a few things to keep in mind: -Make sure your water filter is up to date - many municipalities have upgraded their water filters and some people may not be able to drink the water without first purifying it. -Check the pH level - if your municipality uses hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), they can cause the pH of groundwater to drop below 7.0, which can make it unsafe for human consumption. -Be aware of cryptosporidium and giardia - these organisms are common in fresh water but can also contaminate drinking water supplies. If you become ill after drinking contaminated water, consult a doctor or go to an emergency room.