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rabbitcruiser · 8 months

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Mexican Independence Day

People of Mexican heritage all over the world commemorate this important event in their country’s history when a brave priest in the village of Dolores rang his church bell and delivered a powerful speech that set the War of Independence from Spain in motion. Even the President of Mexico participates by ringing that same bell — now over 200 years old — live on TV the night before the big celebration.

When is Mexican Independence Day 2023?

Get festive and celebrate Mexican heritage on Mexican Independence Day on September 16.

History of Mexican Independence Day

Mexico, once known as New Spain, was a colony harshly ruled by the kingdom of Spain for over 300 years. The native population was oppressed, farmland and personal wealth were confiscated and only Spaniards were allowed to hold political posts. The oppression became too much and a Catholic priest in the town of Dolores named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla had enough.

On September 16, 1810, he rang his church’s bell and delivered a speech now known as the Grito de Dolores (Cry of Dolores), demanding the end of Spanish rule. This started the brutal Mexican War of Independence, which lasted over a decade. On August 24, 1821, Spain withdrew and officially recognized Mexico as an independent country. Today, Father Hidalgo is known as the Father of Mexican Independence. Mexican Independence Day has been celebrated every year since that momentous day on September 16, 1810. To promote education among Hispanic students many organizations and companies have established scholarships for Hispanic students, as another way of supporting Mexican independence.

Mexican Independence Day has developed into a huge nationwide celebration over the past 200-plus years. The country’s leaders were inspired by our own July 4 Independence Day festivities, so fireworks fill the skies at night and the day is filled with patriotic speeches, flag-waving, parades, live music, and home-cooked feasts. Red, white and green — the colors of the Mexican flag — are seen everywhere across Mexico and even cities in the U.S. with large Mexican populations.

One of the most popular events connected to Mexican Independence Day is when the President of Mexico rings the 200-year-old bell Father Hidalgo used in 1810 and recites the Grito de Dolores speech in front of 500,000 people. This event is broadcast live to millions via Mexican TV and radio on the evening of September 15.

Many people outside of Mexico think that Mexican Independence Day and Cinco de Mayo are the same things. Cinco de Mayo celebrates another victory when the outnumbered Mexican army defeated the powerful French militia in 1862 during the Battle of Puebla.

Mexican Independence Day timeline

April 21, 1519

300 Years of Spanish Rule

Spanish commander Hernán Cortés and his soldiers anchor off the Mexican coast, and the conquest and destruction of the mighty Aztec Empire begins.

September 16, 1810

El Grito de Dolores (The Cry of Dolores)

Father Hidalgo delivers his legendary speech, spurring the population to revolt against Spanish rule.

July 1811

Father Hidalgo is Executed by Spanish Forces.

His army, made up of loyal revolutionaries, continued to fight in his honor.

August 24, 1821

Mexico is Declared an Independent Country

Spain signs The Treaty of Cordoba, ending the War of Independence, declaring Mexico a free country.

Traditions of the Day

Mexican Independence Day is celebrated with festive fireworks, fiestas or parties, and lots of good food and music. The colors for the day are of the Mexican flag — red, white, and green — which are seen everywhere in public areas along with flowers and other decorations. Mexicans jubilantly blow whistles and horns and throw confetti, and crowds chant “Viva la independencia nacional!” and “Viva Mexico!” in the streets.

Traditional mariachi music spices up the events with lively dancing. Of course, food is one of the most important aspects of Independence Day celebrations — restaurants and street vendors sell traditional Mexican food. Others prepare feasts at home to serve at parties. This includes fruit punch, candies like marzipan, ‘pozole’ — a soup made from hominy and pork, beef stew known as ‘Menudo,’ roast lamb, ‘Queso Fundido’ — a Mexican cheese fondue, and chips with guacamole and salsa. Popular beverages for parties are Mexican beer, sangria, or tequila.

By The Numbers

127.6 million – the population of Mexico.

$1.269 trillion – the gross domestic product of Mexico.

50 – the number of indigenous languages spoken in Mexico.

13th – the ranking of Mexico as the largest country in terms of land.

52 – the international dialing code for Mexico.

Mexican Independence Day FAQs

Can you watch the President of Mexico reenact the The Cry of Dolores in person?

Yes. If you travel to Mexico City and go to the National Palace on September 15 around 11 p.m., you can be among the 500,000 people watching the President ring the bell of Hidalgo and recite The Cry of Dolores in person.

Why is Mexican Independence Day not as popular a holiday as Cinco de Mayo is in the U.S.?

Some experts in international relations think that Cinco de Mayo is more popular in the USA because it celebrates Mexican culture overall and does not celebrate the start of a war in another country, which Mexican Independence Day does.

What is the Cinco de Mayo?

The Cinco de Mayo is a celebration commemorating the victory of the Mexicans over the French at the Battle of Puebla.

Where exactly is the town of Dolores in Mexico?

Dolores, the charming colonial town where Father Hidalgo gave his famous Cry of Dolores speech, is located in central Mexico. The church where Hidalgo gave his famous speech still stands and there is a museum dedicated to his life in town as well as affordable hotels in the area.

Is Mexico a third world country?

Although technically recognized as a 3rd world country, Mexico has a thriving economy, an incredibly developed infrastructure, and low infant mortality rates compared with most other counties of the world.

How to Observe Mexican Independence Day

Grab a table at your local Mexican restaurant: You don’t have to be Mexican to celebrate Mexican Independence Day. Enjoy the festivities while you enjoy a hearty, flavorful meal and an ice cold cerveza.

Fly the Mexican flag: No matter where you live, celebrate Mexico’s independence by displaying the country’s distinctive green, white, and red flag. The vertical stripes represent — in order — independence, Roman Catholicism, and unity.

Watch or listen to the live broadcast of El Grito de Dolores reenactment: Settle down in front of your TV or radio when the President of Mexico delivers El Grito de Dolores, complete with bell ringing, at 11 p.m. on September 15. Then let the party begin!

5 Cool Facts About Mexican Independence Day

Eat the colors of the Mexican flag: Chiles En Nogada (poblano chiles stuffed with savory meat) features the three colors of the Mexican flag: green (fresh parsley), white (walnut cream sauce), and red (pomegranate seeds).

A Mexican household favorite: Beans are a staple of Mexican cooking, so buy some fresh pinto or black beans and whip up a hearty Mexican meal of Frijoles de la Olla (beans in a pot), which is basically a pot of simmered beans mixed with onion and garlic and topped with fresh sour cream.

Wash it down: Skip commonplace beverages like beer and margaritas and offer something different, like a traditional Mexican ponche (fruit punch) made from sugarcane, oranges, pears, guavas, raisins, and apples seasoned with cinnamon and clove.

Que es Queso?: Queso is the Spanish word for cheese, and the only thing cheesier than an overdramatic Mexican telenovela is Queso Fundido, a traditional Mexican fondue of melted white cheese simmered with lime juice, hot sauce and garlic.

Hangover Cure: Menudo, a rich, hearty stew made from stew beef, hominy (corn kernels), tripe (cow stomach lining) that’s cooked with onion, garlic, lime, and cilantro, is considered to be a traditional hangover cure for those who imbibe a few too many cervezas on September 16.

Why Mexican Independence Day is Important

It celebrates freedom: Just like July 4 in America or Bastille Day in France, Mexican Independence Day celebrates freedom. And we think there is nothing sweeter than freedom, unless you count Mazapán, a sweet peanut flavored Mexican candy.

It's a two day fiesta: Even though the official day of celebration is September 16, when banks, schools, and businesses are closed, many folks start gearing up on September 15, climaxing with the President’s reading of El Grito de Dolores live on TV at 11p.m.

It’s a day for Mexican cuisine: It’s probably one of the best days of the year to sample Mexican food! There will be an excess supply of it so get your taste buds ready for the feast.

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assassinsoul · 2 months

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Assassin's Creed Black Flag is getting a remake + more

according to Insider Gaming

Assassin's Creed Infinity will be the new core hub of the franchise

Ubisoft will release a mainline game every two years

Other projects apparently confirmed: Obsidian (Black Flag Remake), Nebula (settings based in India, Aztec Empire, and Mediterranean), Raid (a free-to-play 4-player co-op that’s PvE), Echoes (another multiplayer title), and another Assassin’s Creed Remake which are all scheduled to release by the end of the decade

Infinity will launch on the same day as AC Red and will be a live service with item shop, projetcs with mini battle pases and more

source

#assassins creed #ac #assassins creed news #ac news #assassins creed black flag #ac black flag #assassins creed 4 #assassins creed infinity #how we feelin about this #meh

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worldhistoryfacts · 2 years

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“Chapultepec Castle” in Mexico City, flying the American flag in 1847 after an American victory in the Mexican-American War. In the Marine Corps Hymn, the building is referred to as the “halls of Montezuma” even though the building was built in the 1700s, long after the Aztec Empire had fallen.

{WHF} {HTE} {Medium}

#history #mexico #cdmx #imperialism #war

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anonymous-dentist · 2 years

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I’m actually super pumped to see k!Quackity’s city because Tenochtitlan is super fucking cool okay like okay like-

(This is a super basic overview of Tenochtitlan as explained by a history student. This post goes out to the Americans keeping up with the Karmaland streams who might not know too much about Tenochtitlan itself beyond the Spanish conquest and the siege. I’m gonna try and cite all my information, but I highly encourage people to go look for themselves!!)

(Image: Tenochtitlan and Lake Texcoco in 1519, courtesy Wikipedia.)

That’s an artistic representation of Tenochtitlan from 1519, the year that the goddamn fucking spanish (derogatory) arrived (fuck those guys.) Post-conquest, the city was basically fucked over and redone according to Spanish standards, fucking rip

But before that? Mexico-Tenochtitlan was the head of the Aztec Empire (y’all have probably heard of these guys.)

According to legend, the Aztec (or Mexica) people founded this city after following the guidance of their god, Huitzilopochtli. They left their homeland and traveled until Huitzilopochtli got them to a lake with an island in the middle, and on that island was an eagle sitting on a cactus eating a snake. That island was in the middle of Lake Texcoco, and the eagle and a snake can still be seen on Mexico’s national flag to this day.

Tenochtitlan was built on an island, yeah? Here’s about what the layout would’ve maybe looked like:

(Map: also courtesy Wikipedia. Below the red line on the upper island would have been Tenochtitlan; above was its sister city, Tlatelolco. Click for higher quality.)

What’s so special about that, you may be asking?

Well, I’m sure that the basic education a lot of you may have gotten on the Aztec people in high school would have included a bit on a floating city out in the middle of a lake.

This is the floating city out in a middle of a lake.

Using a really cool thing called chinampas, which were basically artificially-made floating islands used for farming purposes, the Aztecs took what land they already had on the islands and extended them. The chinampas were consolidated, creating the city we all know and love today.

(Image: A picture of Tenochtitlan and a model of the Templo Mayor at the National Museum of Anthropology of Mexico City, still courtesy Wikipedia.)

So basically...

Look it up, English community! This shit’s cool, and we don’t learn nearly enough about it in school! This was just the most basic of overviews because I unfortunately don’t have the resources available to me outside of my university library to really do the topic justice if I was to do a deeper dive.

Just try and make sure you’re reading actual Mexican sources if at all possible. Don’t fuck with the Spanish. They’re the ones who ruined it in the first place.

(Also don’t get Tenochtitlan confused with Teotihuacan, though Teotihuacan is also super worth looking up as well if you’re interested in this kind of history like I am!)

#karmaland #karmaland v #a.d. talks history I guess #but again i'm really REALLY not the ultimate authority on this particular topic #ask me about the russians anytime or white america #listen to mexican voices on this one! i just thought i would introduce the topic to the english community #because not everybody in the english community would know about this!#apologies to my mexican mutuals if i did overstep i will take this down

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quiietjay · 6 months

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i hate people who "think about the roman empire a lot"

I absolutely do not trust people who "think about the roman empire a lot" unless they think "oh wow ancient civilization cool" because if you know literally anything about the roman empire then you'd fucking know that maybe glorifying it is probably a fucking red flag. I am going to rant as to why the Roman Empire sucked and is ass and why it's fucked that people "think about it a lot." It's a long one.

My view on the roman empire primarily comes from my art history studies, but I'm pretty firm in the belief that since art is reflective of its period's culture, conflicts and views that you can relatively safely judge a culture by its art. and I know that morality is ultimately relative and subjective depending on culture and the time period, but honestly here I could give less of a shit especially when that same morality is being applied to modern day by a certain people.

The Romans' art, or what's left of it at least, is almost entirely comprised of art depicting the emperors or other high-ranking officials. Most art in the Roman Empire was propaganda for the emperor or erected in celebration of the conquest of peace arising from the conquering of other people. There is some Roman art that is more focused on the domestic side of things, but most Roman art, at least the art that mattered in the culture at large, was emperor propaganda.

"But Jay! The Romans had the strongest army in the world at the time! Not to mention their technological innovations that changed the world forever! It's no wonder they thought they were the best!" I strawman. They did invent the strongest concrete known to man, arches, aquifers, whatever, but the ancient Romans could have invented particle accelerators and I would not hate them any less. All that those were were excuses to beat down on the 'lesser' men. Oh look! I can irrigate more efficiently than you and i have plumbing! Surrender or die. And this is not even touching upon the blood sports. I could write paragraphs upon paragraphs for why the Colosseum is probably one of the more disgusting things to come out of human history, but I'll try to keep it short. I know about all the human sacrifices in other cultures like the Aztecs cutting the hearts out of young men alive and then throwing their bodies down their temple and whatever else you want to say. You could argue it's worse that the Colosseum's purpose. But the Aztecs? They thought that if they didn't do that then their god would end the entire fucking world. The Romans? They watched slaves kill each other and let people get mauled by lions for funsies. They executed prisoners in cruel and unusual ways. There was no ritualistic or religious connotation for it. They just wanted to watch people die for fun.

Back to art, comparing this to a different culture, most other cultures do not revere their leaders to tthe extent of being nauseating. The only other example that i can think of that enables this cult of personality to this degree were MAYBE the ancient Egyptians, they literally believed that the pharaoh was their god incarnate- they were born for the duty of king, and while their art focused much on the pharaohs and mythology, they did not have the same emphasis on the pharaoh as the Romans did their emperor, most art celebrating the pharaohs were commissioned by the kings themselves and usually used to decorate their tombs and there was no need to essentially dickride the pharaoh. Everyone already fucking knew the pharaoh was the one in charge. Even though the pharaoh was their god-king other art was allowed to exist.

Roman art is pretty, sure, but their art reveres conquest and tyranny. most statues were elevated in honor of conquering other cultures or to celebrate generals that did. The Greeks did marble statues first. Actually, speaking of the Greeks, the Roman pantheon (until SOMEONE made Christianity the main Roman religion (Constantine)) was just a copy of the Greek pantheon and replaced their names with what are now the names of our solar system's planets. They changed Zeus into Jupiter, Poseidon into Neptune, etc.. These guys just took Greek culture and forced it widescale and made everyone else have to deal with it.

To recap, Roman art is shallow, inherently imperialist, narcissistic bullshit. Even compared to other cultures they were fucking psychopaths. And to add insult to injury, they were unoriginal. And I'm going to explain why the FUCK all of this matters to me in modern day since obviously, the Ancient Romans are long-dead, their empire gone.

I can start out with what the definition of an "empire" is. Rome is arguably one of the first long-surviving Empires in human history, and even more arguably one of the most important ones in the world, yes, I'm saying in the world because the Roman Empire, even if just indirectly, has caused almost everyone on earth's lives to change drastically. The Romans were the ones who first came up with the concept of an "empire" and its meaning in its relation with the conquered. For a long time, the title of "empire" was tied directly to a country's relationship with ancient Rome. This is why the Holy Roman Empire existed as it did and why so many other states were eager to claim inheritance to the legacy of Rome.

We can see Rome's effects far and wide even in more modern history. Many fascist states took big inspiration from Rome (the Nazis, and Fascist Italy particularly.) The super cool idea of Gigantic Conquering Empire Chosen By God was so appetizing to the general western public that it's had attempted reenactments several times over.

People throughout history, and even nowadays, glorified the Roman Empire to such a degree that some consider it the peak of human history, ever. Even now it remains relevant unfortunately in our daily lives.

This allows me to finally get up to modern day and particularly the rise of neo nazis and marble statue pfps which is kind of what spurred this whole thing.

You know why all the trad marble statue pfps on twitter have the reputation that they do? Fascists and imperialists revere other fascist and imperialists. the people who think about the roman empire today (white men) admire the Roman Empire in unsavory ways, even if they don't know it. They admire the conquest, the slavery, the propaganda, the self-absorbedness of the Empire. They wish that modern day countries were more like the Roman Empire. They wish that war and conquest was glorified again (at least much more than it is now,) they want that narcissist propaganda art back.

They do not care for art any further than the aesthetic value and how it upholds their already-held beliefs, just like the Romans. All they care about is keeping the status quo and keeping a cult of personality intact and keeping everyone in line as much as possible. This is the exact same mindset that the Nazis had and what led to their demonization of modernist art and their "degenerate" art exhibitions, and what leads to fashy art mindsets now.

So with ALL of this, what I am ultimately saying about people who glorify the Roman Empire is that they are glorifying imperialism, narcissism, conquest, and war. What I am saying is that you should steer clear of men who think about the Roman Empire "a lot" because chances are that their views at least to some extent align with fascist and imperialist ideologies, IF they are not ignorant and think "man... big country.... strong....".

Run away if they know anything about the Roman Empire outside of the abridged synopsis of their history. RUN if their admiration of the Roman Empire is reflective of their view on art and how society, in general, should be run. Stop saying "x is my roman empire" because "x" is not the imperialist country you admire and wish to bring the philosophies from it to modern day.

If you've read this far, you might think that I'm reading too much into all of this, and you know what? you're probably right. But I've seen too many trads and fascists on the fucking internet not to see patterns where there are and my knowledge of Rome, its consequences, and what it means for modern day informs me NOT TO FUCK WITH PEOPLE WHO "THINK ABOUT THE ROMAN EMPIRE A LOT."

#rant post #personal rant #long rant #quiietjays thoughts

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jackhkeynes · 8 months

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Lower Mendeva

Lower Mendeva (Borlish Mendeva Bassem /ˌmɛn.deˈva ˈba.sɛm/) is a geographical region comprising the southern section of the continent of Mendeva [North America], located west of the Mendevan Gulf [Gulf of Mexico]. The term sometimes also includes the islands of the Arcabil [Caribbean], which are located within said Gulf.

Contact between Lower Mendeva and the Vetomund [Old World] began in the late fifteenth century with merchant ships from the Morrack [Moroccan] New World Company (established by Malik Munir al-Hamdawi in 1463). In turn, traders therefrom encountered the peoples of the Arcabil, the Mashick [Aztec] Empire in Lower Mendeva, and further south the Tavancine [Incan] Empire in Cappatia [South America].

The region is predominated by the polity of Mashick [~Mexico], which stretches from coast to coast and so far north as to border Mivock [~California] in the west and Taisha [~Texas] in the east.

Many barrick [electric] innovations of the late Workshop period came out of Lower Mendeva, likely due to practical concerns around the rapid spread of wired post (there being little previous adoption of the flag-lamp steeplemesh in the region to displace).

By the late twentieth century, this region had become major exporters of foods such as mause [bananas] and amback [mangoes].

Many trade goods originated in Lower Mendeva, including billrod [cochineal] dye, shockle [chocolate], shadome [tomatoes] and tashban [vanilla].

#conlang #boral #conlanging #boralverse #alternate history #conworld #writing

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legok9 · 1 year

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Excerpt from a reddit comment:

I was making a broader point about how the (classic) show's perceived cultural ''Britishness'' is oversimplistic considering its origins (& values which are inherently Humanist ergo non-nationalist). If you contrast [Doctor] Who with S[tar] T[rek], a right-wing American techno-dystopian wet-dream (& ultra-nationalist bordering blatantly Fascist) Who comes across as considerably less flag-waving, Jingoistic or nationalist and in many stories characters with overtly insular or nationalistic worldviews (Chinn in Axos, the fascist Britain in Inferno, Richard, who never even visited England for any real length of time & his court in The Crusades, Trenchard in The Sea Devils, Baker in The Silurians) or paternalistic worldviews (I.e. Barbara's White Saviour Complex in The Aztecs) are portrayed as buffoonish, obliviously blinkered to reality or utterly unhinged.

Imagine what it must be like to be so media illiterate that you try to claim that Star Trek was:

Right-wing

Techno-dystopian

Ultra-nationalist

Boarding on fascist (???)

(Not to mention that Star Trek did a fascist mirror universe years before before Doctor Who had the same idea in Inferno...)

Like, Doctor Who and Star Trek are two peas in a pod when it comes to politics? I don't understand how someone could compare Classic Who and Star Trek TOS and conclude they have starkly different politics.

They also replied:

Star Trek's complete lack of democracy & overt emphasis on overwhelming military force makes it overtly Fascistic in practice if not ideologically (I didn't comment or even imply ST is racist btw, fascism & racism are distinct concepts, its inclusion of Black characters does nothing to counter its rapacious militarism & Manifest Destiny, so it's also hypocritical; Trek follows on from the US Techno-Fascism Space Empire 1776 x 2.0 tradition of US SF see ''Starship Stormtroopers'' by Michael Moorcock). The Dr supports UNIT as a last resort, often critically & under protest whilst always trying to find a more peaceful or at least less violent solution, btw featuring the Military & promoting Militarism aren't the same, many Who stories feature irregulars, volunteers or guerrillas more frequently, and sometimes in a more positive light, than regular forces who are often seen as too inflexible to deal with (non) non-conventional threats (& often the Regs in Who, other than UNIT, are on the wrong side; the only story where they're neutral is probably Androzani). OTOH fair point on the Silurians. More broadly the Dr's used by the Timelords as a literal One-Man-Army (the Celestial Intervention Agency).

Just... What???

#doctor who #star trek #classic doctor who #classic who #star trek tos #tos #the original series

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oliferguson · 11 months

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Writing at Tolkien's Pub/The Geography of Memory

As I type this I’m sat in a cafe called Greens in Oxford. I’m working on my next story and sipping coffee with cinnamon, and directly above my screen, straight ahead of me, through the window and across the road is a pub called the Lamb and Flag.

Like everything else in Oxford, it’s old. It squats between the golden limestone of the surrounding buildings, serving drinks to professors, scholars, students and everyone else. What sets it apart from every other pub on the street is one fact in particular. This is the pub where Tolkien would sit, drink ale, smoke his pipe and write about his secondary world of Middle Earth.

Oxford is a place that seems to be imbued with the magic of time. History seems to be folded into the fabric of it. The honey-coloured buildings and cobbled streets seem to heave with the breath of memory, and there’s a sense of inevitability to the place.

I’ve just come out of the Ashmolean Museum, having meandered about through the ancient Greek tablets and sculptures, and the mummified bodies of Egyptian priests. What struck me most was the inscriptions and glyphs. Their writing defeats the tyranny of time. These voices speak clearly across the wastes of millennia. These great civilisations that were once the everyday world of countless strangers. I walked out onto the street looking at the columns and facades of the modern buildings, and thought about a time centuries from now when our place will be in the cabinets too. The Egyptians believed that our souls only die when our names are forgotten, so they carved the names of those they believed were worthy of surviving the desert of time onto the coffins they were buried in, and wrapped their hearts up safe for the journey into the world of eternal memory. Oxford is older than the Aztec Empire. Its name is carved out. Its statues stand tall, but as Chris Marker said, statues also die.

I’m sat in this cafe, looking out the old window at the window Tolkien would look out of while writing about his world. I’ve been in there before, and his name is carved into a plaque on his seat. I think something of our minds are left behind when we go. A footprint in the space of a place. I can see it from here, as I look out at Tolkien’s window.

#literature #tolkien #the lord of the rings #lord of the rings #fantasy #fandom #writing #writblr #writeblr #reading #poetry #art #creative #creativity #spilled ink #spilled ideas #spilled words

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drcpanda12 · 10 months

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New Post has been published on https://www.knewtoday.net/the-quest-for-uncharted-horizons-tales-of-early-european-exploration/

The Quest for Uncharted Horizons: Tales of Early European Exploration

In the annals of history, few chapters are as captivating as the era of early European exploration. Fuelled by a thirst for knowledge, wealth, and glory, intrepid sailors set sail into the unknown, driven by the desire to uncover new lands, trade routes, and civilizations. These daring expeditions, undertaken by courageous men like Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan, James Cook, and Hernán Cortés, paved the way for the Age of Discovery and forever altered the course of human history.

This collection of stories delves into the extraordinary journeys undertaken by these European sailors, their triumphs, trials, and encounters with the unfamiliar. From the bold voyages of Christopher Columbus across the Atlantic to the circumnavigation of the globe by Ferdinand Magellan’s crew, these accounts take us on a captivating journey through time, allowing us to witness firsthand the audacity, perseverance, and sheer determination of these explorers.

As we delve into the depths of the narratives, we witness Christopher Columbus’s relentless pursuit of a western route to Asia, despite the skepticism and hardships endured by his crew. We witness Vasco da Gama’s relentless quest to find a sea route to India, braving the treacherous seas and charting unknown waters. We experience the awe-inspiring moment when Magellan’s fleet reached the far reaches of the Pacific, unveiling the vastness of our planet. And we bear witness to the encounters between Hernán Cortés and the Aztec Empire, forever altering the destiny of Mesoamerica.

These stories not only recount the daring exploits of these sailors but also shed light on the broader historical context of European expansion, the clash of civilizations, and the lasting consequences of these expeditions. They serve as a testament to the human spirit of curiosity, exploration, and the unyielding pursuit of knowledge.

So, join us as we embark on this voyage of discovery, where the untamed seas meet uncharted horizons. Brace yourself for tales that will ignite your imagination, inspire your sense of adventure, and transport you to an era of exploration, conquest, and wonder. Let us unravel the extraordinary stories of those who dared to venture into the unknown and forever changed the course of history.

The Voyage of Christopher Columbus

In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer sailing under the Spanish flag, set out on a momentous journey that would reshape the world. His aim was to find a Western route to Asia, bypassing the perilous and time-consuming journey around Africa. Columbus believed that by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean, he would reach the rich lands of India and China.

On August 3, 1492, Columbus set sail from the Spanish port of Palos de la Frontera with three ships: the Santa Maria, the Pinta, and the Niña. His crew consisted of approximately 90 men, including sailors, craftsmen, and navigators. Their journey was fraught with uncertainties and fears of falling off the edge of the flat Earth, as was the prevalent belief at the time.

After weeks at sea without sighting land, morale among the crew began to waver. They grew anxious, doubting Columbus’s leadership and questioning the purpose of their voyage. However, Columbus remained resolute, assuring them that land was within reach. Finally, on October 12, 1492, after 70 days at sea, a sailor named Rodrigo de Triana spotted land from the Pinta’s crow’s nest. The sight of land, an island in the present-day Bahamas, brought immense relief and jubilation to the crew.

Columbus named the island San Salvador (meaning “Holy Savior”) and continued to explore the surrounding areas, believing he had reached the outskirts of Asia. He encountered the native Taíno people, whom he mistakenly referred to as “Indians” due to his belief that he had reached the Indian Ocean. Columbus also explored other islands in the Caribbean, including Cuba and Hispaniola (now divided between Haiti and the Dominican Republic).

During subsequent voyages, Columbus continued to explore the Caribbean, hoping to find the riches of Asia. However, he faced various challenges, including storms, shipwrecks, and conflicts with indigenous peoples. Despite these obstacles, Columbus made a total of four voyages across the Atlantic between 1492 and 1504, each revealing new territories and cultures.

While Columbus’s voyages did not directly fulfill his original goal of finding a Western route to Asia, they had profound consequences. They opened up the Americas to European exploration, colonization, and trade, ultimately leading to the establishment of European empires in the New World. Columbus’s voyages initiated the Columbian Exchange, the exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between the Old World and the New World, transforming societies on both sides of the Atlantic.

However, it is crucial to note that Columbus’s expeditions also had devastating consequences for the indigenous populations of the Americas, including enslavement, forced labor, and the spread of diseases that decimated entire communities. The complex legacy of Columbus and the European conquest of the Americas continues to be a subject of historical debate and reflection.

Nevertheless, the voyage of Christopher Columbus stands as a pivotal moment in history, marking the beginning of a new era of European exploration, colonization, and the eventual reshaping of the world as we know it.

Vasco da Gama and the Sea Route to India

In the late 15th century, the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama embarked on a historic voyage with the goal of finding a sea route to India. At the time, the lucrative trade in spices and other valuable commodities from the East was controlled by Muslim merchants, who dominated the overland Silk Road and Red Sea routes. The Portuguese sought to bypass these routes and establish direct trade links with India, thus securing a significant advantage in the spice trade.

In July 1497, da Gama set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, with a fleet of four ships. His flagship was the São Gabriel, accompanied by the São Rafael, the Berrio, and a storage ship. Da Gama’s crew comprised experienced sailors, navigators, and interpreters, as well as soldiers and craftsmen.

The voyage was arduous and fraught with numerous challenges. Da Gama sailed down the western coast of Africa, encountering treacherous currents, unpredictable winds, and hostile encounters with African tribes. He eventually reached the southernmost tip of Africa, which he named the Cape of Good Hope, on November 22, 1497. This achievement marked a crucial milestone, as da Gama had successfully rounded the Cape and entered the Indian Ocean.

Navigating the vast expanse of the Indian Ocean, da Gama faced further trials. He battled violent storms, endured food and water shortages, and encountered both friendly and hostile indigenous populations along the East African coast. Nevertheless, da Gama pressed on, guided by his navigators and the knowledge gained from previous Portuguese explorations.

After several months at sea, on May 20, 1498, da Gama’s fleet reached the southwest coast of India, near the city of Calicut (now Kozhikode). This marked the culmination of their voyage and the realization of their goal: finding a direct sea route to India. Da Gama’s arrival in Calicut sparked both curiosity and apprehension among the local rulers and merchants, who were accustomed to the Arab dominance in trade.

Da Gama negotiated with local rulers and established trade agreements, securing a cargo of spices and other valuable goods for the return journey. However, tensions soon arose between the Portuguese and the ruling Zamorin of Calicut, leading to a violent clash. Da Gama departed Calicut, laden with spices, and embarked on his return voyage to Portugal.

The return journey proved as challenging as the outward one. Da Gama faced storms, navigational difficulties, and encounters with hostile Arab and African fleets. After a grueling journey lasting more than two years, the remaining ships of da Gama’s fleet arrived back in Lisbon in September 1499. The successful completion of the voyage established Portugal as a formidable maritime power and opened up direct trade with India.

Vasco da Gama’s voyage had far-reaching consequences. It paved the way for subsequent Portuguese expeditions and colonization in the Indian Ocean, establishing a Portuguese presence in Goa, Daman, and other strategic ports along the western coast of India. The Portuguese monopoly over the spice trade greatly enriched Portugal and fueled further exploration and colonization efforts.

Moreover, da Gama’s successful voyage inspired other European powers, such as Spain, England, and the Netherlands, to embark on their own voyages of exploration and seek their own routes to the East. It marked the beginning of a new era of European dominance in global trade and colonization, ultimately reshaping world history and facilitating the age of imperialism.

The voyage of Vasco da Gama stands as a testament to human ingenuity, navigational prowess, and the relentless pursuit of trade and exploration. It marked a turning point in the history of maritime exploration and forever altered the dynamics of global trade and power.

Ferdinand Magellan’s Circumnavigation

In the 16th century, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer sailing under the Spanish flag, embarked on a groundbreaking expedition to find a western route to the Spice Islands (Moluccas) in present-day Indonesia. His ambitious goal was to circumnavigate the globe, proving that the Earth was round and establishing a direct trade route to the lucrative spice trade of the East.

Magellan’s expedition, known as the Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation, began in 1519 with a fleet of five ships: the Trinidad (Magellan’s flagship), the San Antonio, the Concepción, the Victoria, and the Santiago. The crew consisted of about 270 men, including sailors, soldiers, and various specialists.

The journey was perilous and filled with numerous challenges. Magellan’s fleet first sailed across the Atlantic Ocean, reaching the eastern coast of South America. They then navigated through the treacherous waters of the Strait of Magellan, named after the explorer, which provided access to the vast Pacific Ocean. It was during this passage that one of the ships, Santiago, was lost in a storm.

After enduring harsh weather conditions, food shortages, and mutinous acts by some crew members, Magellan’s fleet finally emerged into the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean in November 1520. The crew faced extreme hardships during their months-long voyage across the Pacific, including scurvy due to vitamin C deficiency.

Despite these challenges, Magellan’s determination and leadership propelled the expedition forward. They reached the Mariana Islands and then made landfall in the Philippines in 1521. Magellan’s arrival in the Philippines marked the first documented European contact with the archipelago. He forged alliances with local rulers and engaged in various encounters, including the conversion of some indigenous people to Christianity.

However, tensions soon arose with a powerful indigenous ruler named Lapu-Lapu. In April 1521, Magellan led an ill-fated expedition to the island of Mactan, where he was met with fierce resistance. During the ensuing battle, Magellan was killed, but his crew managed to escape.

The remaining crew members continued their voyage, now under the leadership of Juan Sebastián Elcano. They pressed on, charting new courses and navigating through uncharted waters. After further hardships and challenges, the expedition’s sole surviving ship, the Victoria, finally reached the Spice Islands in November 1521.

In the Spice Islands, the crew loaded their ship with valuable spices and other goods, intending to return to Spain. However, with insufficient crew members and a damaged ship, they faced formidable obstacles. They decided to take an alternate route back to Spain, crossing the Indian Ocean, rounding the Cape of Good Hope, and navigating the Atlantic.

On September 6, 1522, the Victoria, under the command of Juan Sebastián Elcano, arrived back in Spain, completing the first circumnavigation of the Earth. Out of the approximately 270 men who embarked on the expedition, only 18 survived. The triumphant return of Victoria brought immense acclaim to Spain and marked a significant milestone in the history of exploration.

Magellan’s circumnavigation had profound implications. It proved that the Earth was round and opened up new possibilities for global exploration and trade. It also challenged prevailing notions about the world and expanded European knowledge of geography and the world’s oceans.

The circumnavigation of Ferdinand Magellan remains a testament to human perseverance, navigational skill, and the indomitable spirit of exploration. It stands as one of the most remarkable achievements in the history of seafaring and significantly contributed to our understanding of the world’s geography and interconnectedness.

James Cook’s Pacific Voyages

James Cook, an English explorer, and navigator, undertook three significant voyages to the Pacific Ocean during the 18th century. His expeditions greatly expanded European knowledge of the Pacific and its islands, mapped previously uncharted territories and made significant contributions to the fields of cartography, natural science, and anthropology. Here are the details of Cook’s Pacific voyages:

First Voyage (1768-1771): In August 1768, Cook set sail on his first Pacific expedition aboard the HMS Endeavour. The primary objective was to observe the transit of Venus across the Sun, which would allow for more accurate calculations of longitude. However, the voyage was also tasked with exploring the largely unknown lands of the South Pacific.

Cook sailed southward, rounding Cape Horn and entering the Pacific Ocean. He navigated to Tahiti, where he successfully observed the transit of Venus in 1769. Following this, Cook continued his exploration, charting the Society Islands, New Zealand, and the eastern coast of Australia. He claimed the eastern part of Australia for Britain, naming it New South Wales.

During the voyage, Cook and his crew encountered and interacted with various indigenous peoples, including the Māori in New Zealand. Cook’s scientific observations, meticulous mapping, and interactions with indigenous communities laid the foundation for subsequent voyages of exploration.

Second Voyage (1772-1775): Cook’s second voyage, conducted aboard the HMS Resolution and HMS Adventure, aimed to locate the southern continent of Terra Australis and explore the Pacific further. The expedition ventured south to the Antarctic Circle but was unable to penetrate far due to harsh weather conditions.

Cook then sailed westward, crossing the Pacific to explore the islands of the South Pacific. He visited Tahiti again, charted the Tongan archipelago, and made the first recorded European contact with the islands of Easter Island and the Hawaiian Islands. The expedition also explored the coasts of Vanuatu and New Caledonia.

Cook’s second voyage marked significant contributions to natural science and cartography. His meticulous mapping and observations of natural phenomena, including marine life, flora, and fauna, greatly expanded European knowledge of the Pacific and its diverse ecosystems.

Third Voyage (1776-1779): Cook’s third and final voyage, conducted aboard the HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, had multiple objectives. It aimed to find the Northwest Passage, a potential sea route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, while also exploring the Pacific further.

Cook’s expedition sailed north from the Pacific coast of North America, reaching the Bering Strait and exploring the western coast of Alaska. However, their attempts to find the Northwest Passage were thwarted by the icy conditions.

Cook then turned southward, visiting Hawaii for the second time. Unfortunately, tensions arose between the expedition and the native Hawaiians, resulting in Cook’s untimely death during a skirmish in February 1779.

Despite Cook’s tragic death, his third voyage made significant contributions to geographical knowledge. The expedition explored and charted numerous islands in the Pacific, including the Hawaiian Islands, the Cook Islands, and the Tuamotu Archipelago. Cook’s mapping and observations further solidified European understanding of the Pacific region.

The legacy of James Cook’s Pacific voyages extends far beyond geographical discoveries. His meticulous documentation of flora, fauna, and indigenous cultures, as well as his promotion of proper hygiene and nutrition, significantly advanced the fields of natural science and anthropology. Cook’s voyages laid the groundwork for subsequent European exploration, colonization, and cultural interactions in the Pacific region.

Hernán Cortés and the Conquest of the Aztec Empire

Hernán Cortés, a Spanish conquistador, led the expedition that resulted in the conquest of the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century. His audacious campaign against the powerful Aztec civilization, led by Emperor Moctezuma II, is considered one of the most remarkable feats of conquest in history. Here are the details of Cortés’s conquest of the Aztec Empire:

Background: In 1519, Cortés, along with a group of Spanish soldiers, set sail from Cuba to explore and establish a colony on the mainland of Mexico. Upon arrival, Cortés defied the orders of the Spanish governor, who wanted to limit his power and decided to pursue his own agenda, which included the conquest of the Aztec Empire.

Alliance with Indigenous Groups:

Cortés recognized that he needed allies to challenge the Aztec Empire, which was known for its dominance and oppressive rule. He formed alliances with various indigenous groups who resented Aztec rule, including the Tlaxcalans, a rival city-state to the Aztecs, and other neighboring tribes. These alliances provided Cortés with crucial military support and intelligence.

March to Tenochtitlan:

Cortés and his army embarked on a treacherous march toward the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan (present-day Mexico City). Along the way, they encountered resistance from local tribes and faced challenges such as rough terrain and harsh weather conditions. However, their alliances and superior weaponry, including horses and firearms, helped them overcome these obstacles.

Arrival in Tenochtitlan:

In November 1519, Cortés and his forces reached Tenochtitlan, a grand city known for its impressive architecture and intricate canal system. The Aztecs initially perceived the Spanish as representatives of the god Quetzalcoatl, as they matched the description of a returning deity in Aztec prophecy. Emperor Moctezuma II welcomed Cortés into the city, which gave the conquistador an opportunity to exploit internal divisions among the Aztec ruling elite.

Conflict and Capture of Moctezuma II:

Despite the initial hospitality, tensions between the Spanish and the Aztecs escalated. Cortés demanded Moctezuma II’s submission to Spanish authority, and when the emperor resisted, the Spanish took him hostage. This move further destabilized the Aztec Empire and enraged the Aztec people, who rose up against the Spanish.

Retreat and Siege of Tenochtitlan:

In June 1520, a clash known as “Noche Triste” (Sad Night) erupted between the Spanish and the Aztecs, resulting in heavy Spanish casualties and the death of Moctezuma II. Cortés and his forces were forced to retreat from Tenochtitlan, pursued by the Aztecs. However, Cortés regrouped, formed new alliances, and launched a siege on the city.

Fall of Tenochtitlan:

After a long and arduous siege, Cortés and his allied forces captured Tenochtitlan on August 13, 1521. The city was devastated, and its once-mighty empire was brought under Spanish control. Cortés established Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan as the capital of New Spain, a Spanish colony that would become the center of Spanish influence in the Americas.

Legacy and Impact:

The conquest of the Aztec Empire had far-reaching consequences. It marked the beginning of Spanish colonization in the Americas and the establishment of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, a vast territory under Spanish rule. The Aztec Empire’s wealth, including gold and silver, was plundered by the Spanish, fueling Europe’s economic growth and further encouraging colonization

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pastedpast · 1 year

Text

Spanish explorer and conquistador Hernán Cortés (pictured on the right holding a sword) stands at the head of the Spanish Armada while he meet the Aztec Emperor Montezuma II (1466- c. 1520). Presiding over the event on horseback is St James (Saint James the Moor-slayer, aka Santiago Matamoros). Note the double-headed eagle on the flag in the background left.

Oil painting by an unknown 17th century artist, kept at the Museo De Las Culturas De Oaxaca in Mexico.

Notes:

From Wikipedia:

Cortés led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. He was part of the generation of Spanish explorers and conquistadors who began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

From Wikipedia page: Double-headed eagle.

In heraldry and vexillology*, the double-headed eagle (or double-eagle) is a charge associated with the concept of Empire.

*Vexillology is the study of flags.

#flip

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megashadowdragon · 1 year

Video

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Avatar vs Princess Mononoke: How to have a message youtube comments

"To see with eyes unclouded by hate and try to slow the cycle of violence" You need a megaphone and the whole of reddit held hostage in a room or hell the whole of humanity held in a room to listen to this sermon. When addressing the anti-colonialism narrative, I love bringing up the Tlaxcalans. You know, the people that were systematically harvested for human sacrifices. They joined the Spanish almost instantly to help take down the Aztecs. There were more Tlaxcalan fighters than Spanish! Conquistadors vs Aztecs is two evil empires fighting, not the innocent Aztecs being attacked by evil Spaniards

Similar things happened here in the Inkan Empire. Several tribes or descendents of tribes under Inka rule immediately joined the Spanish. Some people view them as traitors, but it was their path to freedom from a tyrannical regime

To be fair with The Last Airbender, the show ended up subverting the whole narrative it established in the beginning with the Fire Nation being cartoon villains. In season 2, we were introduced to Jet, who ended up being a fanatical "freedom fighter" willing to slaughter a whole town of innocent civilians, and the Dai Lee of Ba Sing Se, which was more or less just the Gestapo with a little bit of KGB/CIA mixed in with that MK Ultra type s**t they were doing. And season 3 spent nearly its entire length giving perspective from the Fire Nation's side, showing us that there were plenty of good people within the Fire Nation living under a totalitarian regime, as well as of course giving us the conclusion of Zuko's redemption arc. We also gotta remember that everyone's favorite Uncle Iroh was once a Fire Nation general that besieged Ba Sing Se, and it was only the death of his son (a death that occurred during the said siege he was responsible for) that led to his disillusionment with the Fire Nation leadership and the war it was waging.

“San is just like Jake Sully, a human that rejected their humanity and sided wholeheartedly with nature. -Except she’s in the wrong.” — That completely blew my mind, and I will forever remember this whenever comparisons btwn Avatar & Princess Mononoke are brought up in the future.

I'm sick and tired of the fools who insist that humans are the "most evil creature" or something, that no other creature would do what we do and they all live in balance. Great to hear someone finally say that yeah, as countless invasive species have shown, animals naturally exploit for their own benefits; the reason they "live in balance" is because even the apex animals have sufficient opposition that they can't get the sort of upper hand humans have. It's basically a race that wasn't designed to be won. Somehow, we won, but the great power and control that we won requires an equal amount of care and caution. With great power comes great responsibility. I know it's cliche, but that doesn't mean it isn't a fundamental truth.

Now that was a great line, "Spain felt they were justified because they saw themselves as victims, pushed to do a 'justified' evil"

And those that don't understand that are those who only look at the most recent victim of the cycle instead of at the cycle that brought everything to today.

This is by far the best video explaining why Hollywood's obsession with "capitalism evil/humans evil, nature benevolent/natives wholesome" is just flat out dumb. Thank you ...Though they did turn Radcliff from soneone who did try negotiation, even if underhanded at times to an outright villain. Another tribe in the area invited him to a parlay and skinned him alove under false flag of truce

And the "Savages savages" musical bit shown both sides to be hatefull and equally intolerant, it wasn't just the english blatantly proclaiming the other to be barbaric and evil but the Natives aswell.

I mean in the very beginning of Disney Pocahontas movie you have Pocahontas’s father and the other men returning back from war with a rival tribe so even Disney portrayed the Native American people more three dimensionally and not as tree hugging hippie peace lovers.

Historian here. One of the single most infuriating attributes I often see in those historically illiterate or even my own colleagues, is that of the good vs. evil mindset. Often I will hear a group of people (often Native Americans) get lumped together as though they were of a singular mind, cohesive and peaceful. This is simply not true, as evident with the Comanches (I’m from Texas, it’s personal). This narrow minded view becomes a dangerous game, as people are willing to then call yourself wicked for removing mere wickedness from the conflict, as one would be hard pressed to find a historical conflict that was simply the righteousness against malice. Such conflicts exist only in the spiritual world, and we will not be a part of them until we die. I personally am more versed in the medieval world, particularly the Welsh Dark Ages and Norse culture, but I see the patterns that reverberated in the Americas. Nothing is new, and to say otherwise is foolhardy. Your videos are important, as the clear emphasis you place on nuance needs to be further addressed. I continue to be more and more impressed with each video you release, though I will tell you to continue delving into your topics, as many will try to discredit your message. “Ok so our resources are diminishing and if that happens there will be a huge humanitarian crisis so please be our ambassador to ask for more resources for our people” Betrays his own starving people and doesn’t try to do a compromise as he was tasked to simp for a native female This is Avatar from James Cameron, one of the best selling movies of all times.

When people speak of Native Americans living in harmony with nature, they forget how brutal nature really is. All cultures began with similar technological constraints, forcing the same "harmony." The ones in Europe, Asia and North Africa simply developed faster than those in the Americas.

"...The humans you're trying to eliminate were created here and are a part of nature, too. We are, therefore, a part of the Earth. Tell me, how can you revive the Earth if you forgot this crucial fact?!" "We too are a part of nature, and eliminating humanity... is the same as destroying nature... I have come to realize that I was about to make the same mistake again!" Quotes from an anime about giant robots punching each other in the face.Show less

The smallpox blanket thing is interesting, because i remember it taught as fact at school but it seems like it was just a myth now. I saw one study on it which basically said it would backfire if you tried to do it, because they really didn't understand how disease travelled and probably would just get sick handling freshly infected blankets, which would be much less dangerous by the time they had reached the natives.

So it was a hypothetical bomb that blows up in your face if you are fool enough to build one.

It was much more likely that the smallpox infection just had already gotten some resistance in the europeans but the natives had to get it the hard way, and the horrors of the massive native war with the aztecs just made everything so much worse.

If the aztecs hadn't been so horrible, it's entirely possible the spanish would have been beaten back.

Your emphasis on the idea that we must be 'better than nature' reminded me of this from G.K. Chesterton's Orthodoxy: "If you want to treat a tiger reasonably, you must go back to the garden of Eden. For the obstinate reminder continued to recur: only the supernatural has taken a sane view of Nature. The essence of all pantheism, evolutionism, and modern cosmic religion is really in this proposition: that Nature is our mother. Unfortunately, if you regard Nature as a mother, you discover that she is a step-mother. The main point of Christianity was this: that Nature is not our mother: Nature is our sister. We can be proud of her beauty, since we have the same father; but she has no authority over us; we have to admire, but not to imitate. This gives to the typically Christian pleasure in this earth a strange touch of lightness that is almost frivolity. Nature was a solemn mother to the worshippers of Isis and Cybele. Nature was a solemn mother to Wordsworth or to Emerson. But Nature is not solemn to Francis of Assisi or to George Herbert. To St. Francis, Nature is a sister, and even a younger sister: a little, dancing sister, to be laughed at as well as loved." Chesterton was a very intelligent but also very witty and funny defender of Christianity, particularly Catholicism, and I generally would recommend his writing to people of all religious convictions (or lack-thereof). Pilgrim, you in particular would love him if you do not already.

This is an excellent video. You've made me realize why I love and admire Princess Mononoke and don't love and respect Avatar. I believe James Cameron knows that the only way Avatar: The Way of Water can be a better film than Avatar is if the former has a better message than the latter. I even remember an interview from around 2010 where Cameron says that he showed Avatar to some South-American indigenous tribe(s) and that their response was that the hero of the film solved his problems by contributing to the conflict and war between the humans and the Na'vi and that they don't see that as the best way of solving problems. Cameron subsequently said that Avatar 2 would have to have a better message than Avatar if he were to make it. I look forward to Avatar: The Way of Water for that reason.

#watch later

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rabbitcruiser · 2 years

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Mexican Independence Day

Often confused with Cinco de Mayo by people living in the United States, Mexico’s independence day is actually September 16. The date (September 16, 1810) marks the moment when Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest known as Father Hidalgo, made the first cry for independence. After a moving speech in the Mexican town of Dolores, Hidalgo took up the banner of the Virgin of Guadalupe, a Roman Catholic image of the Virgin Mary as she appears to Juan Diego, an indigenous Mexican believer who was later sainted by the church.

Mexico is the best place to be on September 16, Mexican Independence Day. This fiesta-friendly holiday celebrates Mexico’s declaration of independence from Spain in 1810, and it’s filled with national pride, colorful parades, mariachi concerts, and food, food, and more Sabrosa food. People of Mexican heritage all over the world commemorate this important event in their country’s history when a brave priest in the village of Dolores rang his church bell and delivered a powerful speech that set the War of Independence from Spain in motion. Even the President of Mexico participates by ringing that same bell — now over 200 years old — live on TV the night before the big celebration.

When is Mexican Independence Day 2022?

Get festive and celebrate Mexican heritage on Mexican Independence Day on September 16.

History of Mexican Independence Day

Mexico, once known as New Spain, was a colony harshly ruled by the kingdom of Spain for over 300 years. The native population was oppressed, farmland and personal wealth were confiscated and only Spaniards were allowed to hold political posts. Finally, a Catholic priest in the town of Dolores named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla had enough.

On September 16, 1810, he rang his church’s bell and delivered a speech now known as the Grito de Dolores (Cry of Dolores), demanding the end of Spanish rule. This started the brutal Mexican War of Independence, which lasted over a decade. On August 24, 1821, Spain withdrew and officially recognized Mexico as an independent country. Today, Father Costilla is known as the Father of Mexican Independence. Mexican Independence Day has been celebrated every year since that momentous day on September 16, 1810.

One of the most popular events connected to Mexican Independence Day is when the President of Mexico rings the 200-year-old bell Father Costilla used in 1810 and recites the Grito de Dolores speech in front of 500,000 people. This event is broadcasted live to millions via Mexican TV and radio on the evening of September 15.

Mexican Independence Day timeline

April 21, 1519 300 Years of Spanish Rule

Spanish commander Hernán Cortés and his soldiers anchor off the Mexican coast, and the conquest and destruction of the mighty Aztec Empire begins.

September 16, 1810 El Grito de Dolores (The Cry of Dolores)

Father Costilla delivers his legendary speech, spurring the population to revolt against Spanish rule.

January, 1811 Father Costilla is Executed by Spanish Forces.

His army, made up of loyal revolutionaries, continued to fight in his honor.

August 24, 1821 Mexico is Declared an Independent Country

Spain signs The Treaty of Cordoba, ending the War of Independence, declaring Mexico a free country.

Traditions of the Day

By The Numbers

127.6 million – the population of Mexico.

$1.269 trillion – the gross domestic product of Mexico.

50 – the number of indigenous languages spoken in Mexico.

13th – the ranking of Mexico as the largest country in terms of land.

52 – the international dialing code for Mexico.

Mexican Independence Day FAQs

Can you watch the President of Mexico reenact the The Cry of Dolores in person?

Why is Mexican Independence Day not as popular a holiday as Cinco de Mayo is in the United States?

Where exactly is the town of Dolores in Mexico?

How to Observe Mexican Independence Day

Grab a table at your local Mexican restaurant

Fly the Mexican flag

Watch or listen to the live broadcast of El Grito de Dolores reenactment

Just like you don’t have to be Irish to enjoy St. Patrick’s Day, you don’t have to be Mexican to celebrate Mexican Independence Day. Enjoy the festivities while you enjoy a hearty, flavorful meal and an ice cold cerveza.

No matter where you live, celebrate Mexico’s independence by displaying the country’s distinctive green, white, and red flag. The vertical stripes represent — in order — independence, Roman Catholicism, and unity.

Settle down in front of your TV or radio when the President of Mexico delivers El Grito de Dolores, complete with bell ringing, at 11 p.m. on September 15. Then let the party begin!

5 Cool Facts About Mexican Independence Day

Eat the colors of the Mexican flag

A Mexican household favorite

Wash it down

Que es Queso?

Hangover Cure

Chiles En Nogada (poblano chiles stuffed with savory meat) features the three colors of the Mexican flag: green (fresh parsley), white (walnut cream sauce), and red (pomegranate seeds).

Beans are a staple of Mexican cooking, so buy some fresh pinto or black beans and whip up a hearty Mexican meal of Frijoles de la Olla (beans in a pot), which is basically a pot of simmered beans mixed with onion and garlic and topped with fresh sour cream.

Skip commonplace beverages like beer and margaritas and offer something different, like a traditional Mexican ponche (fruit punch) made from sugarcane, oranges, pears, guavas, raisins, and apples seasoned with cinnamon and clove.

Queso is the Spanish word for cheese, and the only thing cheesier than an overdramatic Mexican telenovela is Queso Fundido, a traditional Mexican fondue of melted white cheese simmered with lime juice, hot sauce and garlic.

Menudo, a rich, hearty stew made from stew beef, hominy (corn kernels), tripe (cow stomach lining) that’s cooked with onion, garlic, lime, and cilantro, is considered to be a traditional hangover cure for those who imbibe a few too many cervezas on September 16.

Why Mexican Independence Day is Important

It celebrates freedom

Two day fiesta

It’s not Cinco de Mayo

Just like July 4 in America or Bastille Day in France, Mexican Independence Day celebrates freedom. And we think there is nothing sweeter than freedom, unless you count Mazapán, a sweet peanut flavored Mexican candy.

Even though the official day of celebration is September 16, when banks, schools, and businesses are closed, many folks start gearing up on September 15, climaxing with the President’s reading of El Grito de Dolores live on TV at 11p.m.

We love that Mexican Independence Day honors a brave holy man who gave his life to free his country. Cinco de Mayo is fun, but it’s so commercialized that most people who hit the bars for tequila shots and 2-for-1 taco specials on May 5th don’t even know that it commemorates a long ago historical battle.

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