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rabbitcruiser · 5 months

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National Cotton Candy Day

Head over to your local funfair for an airy, spun-sugar treat or whip up creative cakes and cocktails like cotton candy cupcakes and fairy floss martinis.

There exists in the world small clouds of utter delight, floating multicolored strands of spun-sugar all wrapped around a stick or served in a bag. Everything from the machine the produces this treat, to the men and women who operate it, and the very flavor it leaves in your mouth is purely magical.

When a treat has gained notoriety around the world and utterly defines what it means to attend a country fair, you know that it deserves a holiday of its very own. That’s where National Cotton Candy Day comes in, celebrating this best of the bestest treats!

Learn more about National Cotton Candy Day

Do you have a sweet tooth? If so, you’re going to love National Cotton Candy Day! You may think that the only type of people who don’t love National Cotton Candy Day is the dentists of the world! However, you may be surprised to learn that it was dentists who invented cotton candy, to begin with. Back in the day, it was known as fairy floss. Today, it is the go-to snack when going to a county fair. For most people, their childhood memories would simply be incomplete without this sugary delightful treat.

There are a number of different reasons why we can’t seem to get enough of candy floss! The main reason is that candy floss is essentially made from sugar, with the dye simply transforming the appearance of it. Who doesn’t like sugar? Another reason why we love candy floss is because of the appearance of it! It has a fun and exciting image. Did you know, though, that a cotton candy thread is thinner than a strand of human hair? Just because candy floss is thin does not mean it cannot be long. The longest cotton candy stretch over 1,400 meters. It was created back in July of 2009.

You may also be surprised to learn that cotton candy has different names all around the world. We love the name it has in France: barbe à papa. This means papa’s beard. It is known as suikerspin in the Netherlands, which means sugar spider. In Finland and Australia, it is still known as fairy floss. Moreover, in the UK, it is called candy floss, rather than cotton candy. If you are going to make your own cotton candy on this day, you may even want to come up with your own name for it!

History of National Cotton Candy Day

The history of National Cotton Candy Day is, quite simply, the history of cotton candy itself, and to find that history we’re going to have to dig a bit deeper than you might imagine. Unsurprising considering the number of names that the treat itself is known by, including candy cobwebs, hawai mithai, candy floss, and our personal favorite, fairy floss. So what are the origins of this treat? Well, it all depends on who you ask.

Cotton Candy is often suggested to have come into existence as a form of spun sugar in 19th century Europe, and back then it would have been as precious as gold. While today’s technology allows us to produce cotton candy with a simple machine and a little time, the process would have been incredibly labor-intensive and no doubt expensive, leaving Cotton Candy as the treat of the financial elite. Unsurprising considering that it was hand-spun at the time… Yes, you heard that right, by hand.

In 1897 the world of spun-sugar came to the masses when John C. Wharton and a dentist friend of his William Morrison (we’ll let you take a moment to suck in that irony) created a machine to make Cotton Candy and presented it at the 1904 World’s Fair. Since then it has exploded throughout the world and can be found in almost every culture you can imagine, from America to the Distant East.

How to celebrate National Cotton Candy Day

Celebrate National Cotton Candy Day by getting your favorite flavor and sharing it with friends. Ok, we’re just kidding, don’t share it, just eat it up until you can’t eat another bite, and write your dentist an apology note. Or, given that a dentist invented it, perhaps it’s you who deserves the apology note, hmm?

There are so many fun activities that you can try on National Cotton Candy Day. Of course, the goal is to always eat some cotton candy! But how about making your own? There are a lot of great recipes online that you can follow. Typically, you are going to need some food coloring, flavored extract such as raspberry extract, salt, water, corn syrup, and sugar. Recipes can differ, but these are the sort of ingredients you are going to need. You can have fun experimenting with your own candy floss recipes, and even more fun when you eat them afterward.

There are lots of exciting dessert recipes that call for the use of candy floss as well. This includes everything from cotton candy s’mores to cotton candy donuts and cupcakes! Sounds pretty delicious, right? The suggestions don’t end there either! You can make fairy floss whoopie pies, fairy floss ice cream sundaes, and much more!

Or, how about creating your own candy floss cocktail? There are lots of delicious options here too! This includes cotton candy champagne cocktails, prosecco and gin candy floss cocktails, and fairy floss martinis. There is something for everyone. Plus, if you are having friends around these sorts of drinks are certainly going to impress.

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omcqin · 1 year

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Daily Current affairs of 9th Feb 2023

Practice daily Current affairs and give quiz for assess your knowledge. Today you can study current affairs of 9th Feb 2023 and this is suitable for almost all type of government competitive exams.

Daily Current affairs for 9th Feb 2023

1. Manuela Roka Botey has been appointed as the first female Prime Minister of which country? A. Finland B. Equatorial Guinea C. Norway D. Sweden AnswerAnswer Equatorial Guinea 2. Which country has found the radioactive capsule that went missing in January? A. USA B. Australia C. Russia D. Ukraine AnswerAnswer Australia 3. ‘World Interfaith Harmony Week’ is being observed in which month? A. January B. February C. March D. April AnswerAnswer February 4. Which cricketer scored 126 runs and set a new record for the highest individual score by an Indian in T20I cricket? A. Virat Kohli B. Shubman Gill C. Suryakumar Yadav D. Rohit Sharma AnswerAnswer Shubman Gill 5. Which Union Ministry along with the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment implements the NAMASTE scheme? A. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs B. Ministry of Rural Development C. Ministry of MSME D. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare AnswerAnswer Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs 6. World’s first ‘super’ ,magnets for testing in nuclear fusion plant is developed by Tokamak Energy in February 2023. In which country is Tokamak Energy based? A. USA B. Japan C. China D. UK AnswerAnswer UK 7. Who has been awarded the Golden Book Awards 2023 for the book ‘Now You Breathe’ on 6 February 2023? A. VP Nandakumar B. Aparna Sen C. Rakhi Kapoor D. Ambikasuthan Mangad AnswerAnswer Rakhi Kapoor 8. In February 2023, who launched the ‘Save Wetlands Campaign’? A. Piyush Goyal B. Bhupender Yadav C. Kiren Rijiju D. Narendra Modi AnswerAnswer Bhupender Yadav 9. Visva-Bharati University, founded by Rabindranath Tagore, is set to become the world’s first “living heritage university”. It was founded in which year? A. 1920 B. 1921 C. 1922 D. 1923 AnswerAnswer 1921 10. Which of the following will organize the 22nd edition of the Bharat Rang Mahotsav (BRM), from 16th to 26th February 2023? A. Film and Television Institute of India B. Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute C. Asian Academy of Film and Television D. National School of Drama AnswerAnswer National School of Drama Now Try Quiz of Feb Current Affairs 2023 Attention: You must prepare daily current affairs of Feb 2023 for Quiz, so you can rank better and motivate for your upcoming government exam competition.

Also practice other's day current affairs of Feb 2023

- Current affairs of 1st Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 2nd Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 3rd Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 4th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 6th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 7th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 8th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 9th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 10th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 11th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 12th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 13th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 14th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 15th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 16th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 17th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 18th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 19th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 20th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 21st Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 22nd Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 23rd Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 24th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 25th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 26th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 27th Feb 2023 - Current affairs of 28th Feb 2023 Read the full article

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opera-ghosts · 2 years

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OTD in Music History: Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg (1843 - 1907) – who was actually the first cousin, twice-removed, of famed Canadian pianist Glenn Gould (1932 - 1982) – dies in Norway. One of the most popular and beloved "classical" composers of the 19th Century, Grieg's skillful use of Norwegian folk music in his compositions for the concert stage did much to help his country cultivate its national cultural identity, just as Jean Sibelius (1865 - 1957) did for Finland and Bedrich Smetana (1824 - 1884) did for the Czech Republic. Grieg's spirited rhythms often have folk song associations, and his harmonies -- although firmly rooted within the mainstream late-Romantic idiom -- were considered to be both novel and piquant in his own time. Between 1867 and 1901, Grieg wrote ten collections of "Lyric Pieces" ("Lyriske Stykker") for piano; many of these short and beautiful little "character pieces" are still performed today, especially by students. Although he was essentially a miniaturist, Grieg did complete several major works in larger forms, including the famous Piano Concerto (1869), a String Quartet (1878), and three Sonatas for Violin and Piano (1865 - 1887). His "Peer Gynt Suite" (1876) and "Holberg Suite" (1884) for orchestra also remain perennial audience favorites. PICTURED: A c. 1910 real photo postcard showing the elderly “Dr. Ed. Grieg” relaxing in his backyard during the Summer of 1907, in the final weeks of his life.

#Edvard Grieg #composer #norwegen #Peer Gynt #In the Hall of the Mountain King

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saa-na · 3 years

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have started thinking that i maybeee... want to learn german but i hate the idea of being a student of finland's history learning german 🥴

#all the ppl i know of with this combination are n*zies #or then interested in war history #but i'm like wholly only interested in pre 19th centuy so #like considering how at that time people in finland's geographical area had a lot of connections to germany and a lot of german influence c

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gwendolynlerman · 4 years

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Languages of the world

Norwegian (norsk)

Basic facts

Number of native speakers: 5.32 million

Official language: Norway

Language of diaspora: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States

Script: Latin, 29 letters

Grammatical cases: 0

Linguistic typology: fusional, SVO, V2

Language family: Indo-European, Germanic, North Germanic, West Scandinavian

Number of dialects: 4 main groups

History

11th-14th centuries - Old Norwegian

14th-16th centuries - Middle Norwegian

16th-19th centuries - Dano-Norwegian

1848-1873 - development of Landsmål

1899 - naming of Riksmål

1929 - renaming of Riksmål to Bokmål and Landsmål to Nynorsk

1938 - proposal to merge Bokmål and Nynorsk, abandoned in 2002

Writing system and pronunciation

These are the letters that make up the alphabet: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z æ ø å.

The two official forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål (book tongue) and Nynorsk (new Norwegian). There are two other written forms without official status, Riksmål (national language) and Høgnorsk (High Norwegian). The former is very similar to Bokmål and closer to Danish, while Høgnorsk is more purist than Nynorsk.

Norwegian has two distinct pitch patterns that are used to differentiate two-syllable words with identical pronunciation.

Grammar

Nouns have three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), two numbers (singular and plural), and no cases. They are also inflected for definiteness, as a suffix is used to indicate that a noun is definite.

Adjectives are inflected for definiteness, gender, and number as well. Personal pronouns decline for case.

Verbs are conjugated for tense, mood (indicative, imperative, and subjunctive), and voice. Some dialects conjugate for number, too.

Dialects

There are four main dialect groups: Northern, Central, Western, and Eastern. Sometimes, Midland and South Norwegian are considered to be groups of their own.

Dialects are generally mutually intelligible, but differ in accent, grammar, syntax, and vocabulary.

There is no standard for spoken Norwegian, and the use of any dialect is accepted as correct spoken Norwegian.

#langblr #norwegian #lingblr

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rifqidirgas · 4 years

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Intro to IR: Country’s Statement

Finland to UN

Statement on Global Climate Change and Sea Level Rising

Sea level rising is an increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of global warming (Magnusson, 2017). Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in earth’s surface temperature since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities such as, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere and the Global warming is estimated to have a significant effect on sea level rise in the 20th century (Gornitz, 2007). Global sea level has been rising for the past century, the highest rise in sea level occurred before 6,000 years ago. From 3,000 years ago to the early 19th century and it roses about 0.1 inch (2.5 millimeters) per year in the 1990s to about 0.13 inches (3.4 millimeters) per year today the cause of this phenomena is global warming (Weeman & Lynch, 2018). The effects of higher sea levels are the swells of deadly and destructive storm and they will push farther inland than they once did, which will lead to more frequent nuisance flooding. Now, irritating and demands higher expense, nuisance flooding is predicted to be from 300 percent to 900 percent more frequent within coastal communities than it was just 50 years ago (Johansson, et al., 2004).

The rise of sea levels gives us more significant impact than we can think of. Not only it will devastate the coastal area but also the inland, though the effects are further in the coastal area. The effects on the coastal area include the destructive of shoreline erosion, the destruction of the habitats of so many creatures, and destroy the nature, and in this case most likely to get soil contaminated (Amelung & Moreno, 2002). The change in sea levels is related to three major factors, all induced by ongoing global climate change. These three major factors are; First, Thermal expansion. The water will expand when it heats up and about half of the sea-level increase over the past 25 years is attributable to warmer oceans simply taking more area (Nunez, 2019); Secondly, Melting glaciers. Each summer, large ice formations like mountain glaciers naturally melt a bit. The evaporations in the winter, snow, mostly seawater is generally enough to balance out the melting. Freshly, continuously higher temperatures caused by the global warming have led to greater-than-average summer melting as well as snowfall due to then winters and earlier springs, it creates an disproportion between ocean evaporation and runoff, causing sea levels to increase (Nunez,2019); Lastly, The loss of ice sheet in Greenland and Antarctica is the same as for mountain glisters, the increase in heat causes massive melting of ice and causes the cover of Greenland and Antarctica to melt faster. The melting in western Antarctica has attracted a lot of attention from scientists, especially with the breakdown of the Larsen C ice sheet in 2017 (Nunez,2019). The acceleration of Sea Level Rise (SLR) has become a global threat that may cause harm to other countries around the world (Yusuf, J., et al, 2014). SLR is one of the key problems in this world caused by Climate Change. Climate Change itself has become a global concern by national, international, supranational, and subnational governments in other countries (Yusuf, J, et al, 2014). What people think now is SLR a common problem so it is considered as low politics. Low Politics itself can be defined as a concept that is not obviously vital to the survival of a state in social and economic affairs (Jackson & Sørensen, 2007). If this is considered a low politics problem, we must rethink twice. Because, climate change does not affect one country, instead mostly all countries around the globe. For instance, SLR may cause harm to national security, diplomacy, and military in countries. It also affects a relationship between one country to another. From these simple examples we can assume that rising sea level caused by climate change is not considered as low politics. Politics play an important role in climate change problems. Because, the governments make policies to counter this problem with huge consideration. If the policies succeed to play its part and make benefits to other countries if possible, then the roles of state actors are fulfilled. All types of responses to SLR, including protection, accommodation, forward and backward, have an important and synergistic role to play in an integrated and sequential response to SLR (Henry, O. et al., 2014). Selecting and implementing responses is further challenged through a lack of resources, irritating trade-offs between safety, conservation and economic development, various ways of framing 'sea level rise issues', power relations, and various coastal stakeholders who have conflicting interests in the future development of highly used coastal zones. All of this can happen and will have a significant impact if actors from different countries of the world can work together to solve the SLR problem.

Finland, as one of the countries affected by climate change, sea level rise is seen as not a major problem like other countries. On the other hand, in Finland there are other problems, such as rising land levels and flooding in certain areas. For example, in eastern Finland (the bay of Bothnia), the plains tilt upwards causing the western part to be lower. The land surface rise of 3-9 mm per year is caused by a geological process called the post-glacial uplift (Magnusson, 2017). This land level rise can have a negative impact on the surrounding community, such as disruption of sea transportation activities and the occurrence of land disputes due to the increase in the area of Finland by 700 hectares per year. The western part of Finland is becoming lower, causing rainwater to be easily collected so that flooding is easier in the area. The impact of the flood itself is disruption of the lives of people living in the surrounding area. The floods were deep enough to force people in western Finland to evacuate and lose some of their valuables (Puiu, 2017). Finland is a country that cares about their nature as explained in the nation’s epic poem, Kalevala in Brittlebank (2014) said “Life itself is preserved in the elements of nature. We must not take nature as given or for granted, but as people, we have to sustain nature’s diversity so that our children’s children can fully enjoy nature as it stands.” which means nature supports life, but we as humans also need to support nature as well (Brittlebank, 2014). Therefore, we would like to propose some solutions to prevent and even stop this global threat. The Solutions are beach nourishment along the finnish coast and beaches, dune restoration, and reinforcing shoreline protection. In support of the saying, according to Darby (2019), “Responding to Rising Seas OECD Country Approaches to Talking Coastal Risk”, there are some strategies that OECD countries did, such as beach nourishment and dune restoration, reinforcing shoreline protection through planting vegetation, etc., also preventing new development in areas at risk of flood or erosion through land-use regulation/zoning (Darby, 2019). One of the main causes of rising sea levels is global warming which is the effect of carbon emission, which is why Finland is planning to be carbon neutral by 2035 (Darby, 2019). The plan involves a rapid scaling up of wind and solar power, to electrify heating and transport – all within one investment cycle. Bioenergy use increases 10% under this scenario, mainly from agricultural waste and forest residues, to ensure its sustainability. Peat production as one of the contributors of Finland’s energy will also be stopped across the country, which will leave a lot of people without jobs, that is why this plan must be well-prepared (Darby, 2019).

Bibliography

Yusuf, Juita-Elena, et al., 2014. The Role of Politics and Proximity in Sea Level Rise Policy Salience: A Study of Virginia Legislators Perceptions. Old Dominion University. School of Public Service Faculty Publications.

Jackson, Robert H., and Sørensen, G., 2007. Introduction to international relations: theories and approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Henry, O, et al., 2014. Effect of the processing methodology on satellite altimetry-based global mean sea level rise over the jason-1 operating period. J. Geod., 88 (2014), pp. 351-361

Gornitz, V., 2007. Sea level change, post-glacial. In Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments (V. Gornitz, Ed.). Springer.

Weeman, Katie, & Lynch, Patrick., 2018. New study finds sea level rise accelerating. Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.

Johansson, M.M., Kahma, K.K., Boman, H. and J. Launiainen, 2004. Scenarios for sea level on the Finnish coast. Boreal Environmental Research Vol. 9: 153-166.

Amelung, B. and A. Moreno, 2012. Costing the impact of climate change on tourism in Europe: results of the PESETA project. Climatic Change 112:83–100.

Nunez, Christina, 2019. “Sea level rise, explained”, National Geographic, 19 February.

Magnusson, Jon Bjarki, 2017. “The Only Place in the World Where Sea Level Is Falling, Not Rising”, Slate, 7 August.

Puiu, Tibi, 2017. “Why sea levels around Finland and Sweden are dropping while the rest of the world is drowning”, ZME Science, 15 August.

Brittlebank, William, 2014. “Finland – creating a low-carbon country”, Climate Action, 8 January.

Darby, Megan, 2019. “Finland to be carbon neutral by 2035. One of the fastest targets ever set”, Climate Home News, 3 June.

*content for academic purpose

#IRFEST_Finland_Intro to IR_part II

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countrymadefoods · 5 years

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“The earliest depiction of the double-headed eagle can be found on ancient on Hittite monuments in central Anatolia. In the early 19th century, in Boğazkale, an old Hittite capital in modern-day Turkey...The double-headed eagle motif originally dates from c. 3800 BC. The Hittites had worshiped the double headed eagle as the King of Heaven, who was also called the Hittite Bird of the Sun. The bird was their symbol to signify Hittite military power.”

”The bird bird appears in Lygash under the name of Imgig, and was the Sumerian symbol for the god of Lagash, Ninurta son of Enlil...the double-headed eagle, however, is not restricted to supporting deities, and also appears supporting human figures. This is an indication of the use of the eagle as a personal (or family) symbol...The Seliuk Turks referred to it as Hamca and among the Zuni it appeared as a highly conventionalized design, but still as a double-headed thunder bird, the Sikyatki.”

”The double-headed eagle has been used as an emblem by countries, nations, and royal houses in Europe since the early medieval period. Notable examples include the Byzantine House of Palaiologos, the Holy Roman Empire, the House of Habsburg, and the Ruriks and Romanovs of Russia. The symbol often appears on countries’ coats of arms and flags. The emblem was adopted by the Russians, Poles, Serbians, Prussians, Austrians and Saxons. It was used as a private seal and as arms in Germany, Spain, France, Netherlands, England, and Russia.”

(via Mystery Of The Ancient Double-Headed Eagle Symbol | Locklip)

Double Headed Eagle iconology of Byzantium

“Greek scholars have tried to make links with ancient symbols: the eagle was a common design representing power in ancient city-states, while there was an implication of a "dual-eagle" concept...However, there is virtually no doubt that its origin is a blend of Roman and Eastern influences. Indeed, the early Byzantine Empire inherited the Roman eagle (extended wings, head facing right) as an imperial symbol.”

“[T]he church of Greece kept, and is to this date still using Byzantine flags with the eagle, usually black on yellow/gold background. But after the Ottoman conquest this symbol also found its way to a "new Constantinople" (or Third Rome), i.e. Moscow. Russia, deeply influenced by the Byzantine Empire, saw herself as its heir and adopted the double-headed eagle as its imperial symbol. It was also adopted by the Serbs, the Montenegrins, the Albanians and a number of Western rulers, most notably in Germany and Austria.”

“The first mention of a double-headed eagle in the West dates from 1250 in a roll of arms of Matthew of Paris for Emperor Friedrich II. Theodore II Laskaris chose it for his symbol as Emperor (Empire of Nicaea), taking it to symbolize his state's claims to all the Byzantine Empire's former domains, both European (West) and Asian (East)... After the recapture of Constantinople and the restoration of the Byzantine Empire, the symbol was used as an emblem of the imperial family, but it is uncertain whether it was the official emblem of the Empire.”

“The double-headed eagle became the standard of the Seljuk Turks with the crowning of Toghrül (meaning "Eagle") Beg at Mosul in 1058 as "King of the East and the West" and was much used afterwards. The Sultans of Rum, Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I (1220-1237) and his son Kay Khusrau II (1237-1246) used the bicephalous eagle in their standards, and the motif was also found on tissues, cut stones, mural squares, and Koran holders.”

(via Double Headed Eagle iconology of Byzantium | Kythera Family blog)

The double-headed eagle of the Third Rome

“When looking carefully, you can distinguish 9 coats of arms on the eagle. However, in most cases, these shields are printed so tiny that few details can be revealed. The center shield on the eagle's chest is the one with the arms of Moscow. Then, in clockwise order starting from the heads, we see the arms of [Khanate of] Astrakhan, [Khanate of] Siberia, [Kingdoms & Principalities of] Georgia, [Grand Duchy of] Finland, [Grand Principalities of] Kiev-Vladimir-Novgorod, [Khanate of] Taurica, [Kingdom of] Poland and [Khanate of] Kazan...this double-headed eagle represents about 500 years of Russian imperial history.”

(via The double-headed eagle of the Third Rome | Franky’s Scripophily BlogSpot)

Kiev and the Byzantine Legacy in Russia

“The history of Kiev begins under the rule of the Rus. The Rus (also known as Varangians) were original Vikings who began to trade along the Volga River and later the Dnieper River. They establish several principalities centered on cities like Novgorod and later Kiev...Vladimir was also among the rulers of Kiev who gave military assistance to the Byzantines, leading to the formation of the Varangian Guard...Saint Sophia's Cathedral in Kiev, which dates to the early 11th century. It was designed rival Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, thus symbolizes Kiev as the 'new Constantinople'. There was even a Golden Gate in Kiev, named after the famous Golden Gate of Constantinople. In addition, the Kiev Monastery of the Caves date to 1051 and were influential in the spread of Orthodox thought.“

“As the Byzantine Empire was slowly dying, Moscow began to grow in power. The Metropolitan of Kiev moved to Moscow in the 14th century as the Tatars undermined the power of Kiev. Ivan III (1440-1505), the Grand Prince of Moscow, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde in Russia, and became to expand his own power. In 1472, He married Sophia Palaiologina, the niece of the last Byzantine Emperor, after the fall of Constantinople. He would then claim that Moscow was the “Third Rome” and by the end of the 16th century, the Metropolitan of Moscow claimed the title of patriarch. The title Tsar also reflects this claim to be the successor of Constantinople. In fact, the Russian Empire’s symbol was the Byzantine Double Eagle until the Soviet’s overthrew Tsar Nicholas II. This symbol has since returned after the fall of the Soviet Union.“

Mongol-Papal Encounter: Letter Exchange between Pope Innocent IV and Güyük Khan in 1245-1246

“By the late 1230s, Mongol armies had begun raiding parts of Russia and eastern Europe. Between 1236 and 1242, these military campaigns–commanded by Subutai (d. 1248), Batu Khan (d. 1255), and Berke (d. 1266), among others–had wrought major devastation across Russia, Poland, Hungary and the Balkans. The cities of Kiev, Pereyaslavl, Chernihiv, Lublin, and other major population centers in eastern and central Europe were sacked and their populations massacred.”

“The defeats of the Polish forces at the Battle of Liegnitz/Legnica (April 9th 1241) and the Hungarian military at the Battle of Mohi (April 11th 1241) opened up most of the Balkans and Central Europe to Mongol raids, leading to even more destruction, displacement and massacres. These alarming developments shook the foundations of Latin Christendom. Although the Mongols withdrew from most of the Balkans and east-central Europe soon after”

(via Mongol-Papal Encounter: Letter Exchange between Pope Innocent IV and Güyük Khan in 1245-1246 | Ballandalus blog)

Borjigin

“A Borjigin or Borjigid is a member of the sub-clan, which started with Yesugei (but the Secret History of the Mongols makes it go back to Yesugei's ancestor Bodonchar), of the Kiyat clan. Yesugei's descendants were thus said to be Kiyat-Borjigin. The senior Borjigid provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and some other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe.”

“The Borjigin family ruled over the Mongol Empire from the 13th to 14th century. The rise of Genghis (Chingis) narrowed the scope of the Borjigid-Kiyad clans sharply. This separation was emphasized by the intermarriage of Genghis's descendants with the Barlas, Baarin, Manghud and other branches of the original Borjigid.”

”In the western regions of the Empire, the Jurkin and perhaps other lineages near to Genghis's lineage used the clan name Kiyad but did not share in the privileges of the Genghisids. The Borjigit clan had once dominated large lands stretching from Java to Iran and from Indo-China to Novgorod. In 1335, with the disintegration of the Ilkhanate in Iran, the first of numerous non-Borjigid-Kiyad dynasties appeared. Established by marriage partners of Genghisids, these included the Suldus Chupanids, Jalayirids in the Middle East, the Barulas dynasties in Chagatai Khanate and India, the Manghud and Onggirat dynasties in the Golden Horde and Central Asia, and the Oirats in western Mongolia.In 1368, under Toghun Temür, the Yuan dynasty was overthrown by the Ming dynasty in China but members of the family continued to rule over Mongolia homeland into the 17th century, known as the Northern Yuan dynasty.”

“After the breakup of the Golden Horde, the Khiyat continued to rule the Crimea and Kazan until the late 18th century. They were annexed by the Russian Empire and the Chinese...The Qing dynasty respected the Borjigin family and the early emperors married the Hasarid Borjigids of the Khorchin. Even among the pro-Qing Mongols, traces of the alternative tradition survived. Aci Lomi, a banner general, wrote his History of the Borjigid Clan in 1732–35. The 18th century and 19th century Qing nobility was adorned by the descendants of the early Mongol adherents including the Borjigin.”

“Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire in 1206. His grandson, Kublai Khan, after defeating his younger brother Ariq Böke, founded the Yuan dynasty in China in 1271. The dynasty was overthrown by the Ming dynasty during the reign of Toghaghan-Temür in 1368, but it survived in Mongolia homeland, known as the Northern Yuan dynasty.”

Bahri dynasty

“The Bahri dynasty or Bahriyya Mamluks was a Mamluk dynasty of mostly Cuman-Kipchak Turkic origin that ruled the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate from 1250 to 1382. They followed the Ayyubid dynasty, and were succeeded by a second Mamluk dynasty, the Burji dynasty."

Burji dynasty

“From 1250 Egypt had been ruled by the first Mamluk dynasty, the mostly Cuman-Kipchak Turkic Bahri dynasty. In 1377 a revolt broke out in Syria which spread to Egypt...Barquq was proclaimed sultan in 1382, ending the Bahri dynasty...Permanently in power, he founded the Burji dynasty.”

House of Borghese

“Borghese is the surname of a princely family of Italian noble and papal background, originating as the Borghese or Borghesi in Siena, where they came to prominence in the 13th century holding offices under the commune. The head of the family, Marcantonio, moved to Rome in the 16th century and there, following the election (1605) of his son Camillo as Pope Paul V they rose in power and wealth. They were one of the leading families of the Black Nobilityand maintain close ties to the Vatican.”

Guelphs and Ghibellines

“The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy.”

”The names were likely introduced to Italy during the reign of Frederick Barbarossa. When Frederick conducted military campaigns in Italy to expand imperial power there, his supporters became known as Ghibellines (Ghibellini). The Lombard League and its allies were defending the liberties of the urban communes against the Emperor's encroachments and became known as Guelphs (Guelfi). The Ghibellines were thus the imperial party, while the Guelphs supported the Pope. Broadly speaking, Guelphs tended to come from wealthy mercantile families, whereas Ghibellines were predominantly those whose wealth was based on agricultural estates.”

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

“In 1241–1242, the forces of the Golden Horde decisively defeated the armies of Hungary and Poland and devastated their countryside and all their unfortified settlements. King Béla IV of Hungary appealed to Frederick for aid, but Frederick, being in dispute with the Hungarian king for some time (as Bela had sided with the Papacy against him) and not wanting to commit to a major military expedition so readily, refused. He was unwilling to cross into Hungary, and although he went about unifying his magnates and other monarchs to potentially face a Mongol invasion, he specifically took his vow for the defense of the empire on "this side of the Alps."

”Frederick was aware of the danger the Mongols posed, and grimly assessed the situation, but also tried to use it as leverage over the Papacy to frame himself as the protector of Christendom. While he called them traitorous pagans, Frederick expressed an admiration for Mongol military prowess after hearing of their deeds, in particular their able commanders and fierce discipline and obedience, judging the latter to be the greatest source of their success. He called a levy throughout Germany while the Mongols were busy raiding Hungary. In mid 1241 Federick dispersed his army back to their holdfasts as the Mongols preoccupied themselves with the lands east of the Danube, attempting to smash all Hungarian resistance. He subsequently ordered his vassals to strengthen their defenses, adopt a defensive posture...A chronicler reports that Frederick received a demand of submission from Batu Khan at some time.”

“A letter written by Emperor Frederick II, found in the Regesta Imperii, dated to June 20, 1241, and intended for all his vassals in Swabia, Austria, and Bohemia, included a number of specific military instructions. His forces were to avoid engaging the Mongols in field battles, hoard all food stocks in every fortress and stronghold, and arm all possible levies as well as the general populace.

Mongol probing attacks materialised on the Holy Roman Empire's border states...A full-scale invasion never occurred, as the Mongols spent the next year pillaging Hungary before withdrawing. After the Mongols withdrew from Hungary back to Russia, Frederick turned his attention back towards Italian matters.”

Pope Innocent IV

“In 1245, Innocent IV issued bulls and sent an envoy in the person of Giovanni da Pian del Carpine (accompanied by Benedict the Pole) to the "Emperor of the Tartars". The message asked the Mongol ruler to become a Christian and stop his aggression against Europe. The Khan Güyük replied in 1246 in a letter written in Persian that is still preserved in the Vatican Library, demanding the submission of the Pope and the other rulers of Europe...two Mongolian envoys to the Papal seat in Lyon, Aïbeg and Serkis. In the letter Guyuk demanded that the Pope appear in person at the Mongol imperial headquarters, Karakorum in order that “we might cause him to hear every command that there is of the jasaq”.

Seventh Crusade

“In 1244, the Khwarezmians, recently displaced by the advance of the Mongols, took Jerusalem on their way to ally with the Egyptian Mamluks. This returned Jerusalem to Muslim control, but the fall of Jerusalem was no longer a crucial event to European Christians, who had seen the city pass from Christian to Muslim control numerous times in the past two centuries. This time, despite calls from the Pope, there was no popular enthusiasm for a new crusade. There were also many conflicts within Europe that kept its leaders from embarking on the Crusade.”

“Pope Innocent IV and Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor continued the papal-imperial struggle. Frederick had captured and imprisoned clerics on their way to the First Council of Lyon, and in 1245 he was formally deposed by Innocent IV. Pope Gregory IX had also earlier offered King Louis' brother, count Robert of Artois, the German throne, but Louis had refused. Thus, the Holy Roman Emperor was in no position to crusade. Béla IV of Hungary was rebuilding his kingdom from the ashes after the devastating Mongol invasion of 1241.”

Interregnum (Holy Roman Empire)

“The term Great Interregnum is occasionally used for the period between 1250 (death of Frederick II) and 1273 (accession of Rudolf I)...After the deposition of Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV in 1245...in 1273, Rudolf I of Germany, a minor pro-Staufen count, was elected. He was the first of the Habsburgs to hold a royal title, but he was never crowned emperor. After Rudolf's death in 1291, Adolf and Albert were two further weak kings who were never crowned emperor...Sigismund (r. 1411 – 1437) was crowned emperor in 1433, but only with Frederick III (r. 1452 – 1493), the second emperor of the House of Habsburg, did the Holy Roman Emperor return to an unbroken succession of emperors (with the exception of Charles VII all of the House of Habsburg) until its dissolution in 1806.”

Franco-Mongol alliance

“European attitudes began to change in the mid-1260s, from perceiving the Mongols as enemies to be feared, to potential allies against the Muslims. The Mongols sought to capitalize on this, promising a re-conquered Jerusalem to the Europeans in return for cooperation. Attempts to cement an alliance continued through negotiations with many leaders of the Mongol Ilkhanate in Persia, from its founder Hulagu through his descendants Abaqa, Arghun, Ghazan, and Öljaitü, but without success. The Mongols invaded Syria several times between 1281 and 1312, sometimes in attempts at joint operations with the Franks, but the considerable logistical difficulties involved meant that forces would arrive months apart, never able to coordinate activities in any effective way...the Egyptian Mamluks successfully recaptured all of Palestine and Syria from the Crusaders.”

“Christian kings began to prepare for a new crusade (the Seventh Crusade), declared by Pope Innocent IV in June 1245 at the First Council of Lyon. The loss of Jerusalem caused some Europeans to look to the Mongols as potential allies of Christendom, provided the Mongols could be converted to Western Christianity. In March 1245, Pope Innocent IV had issued multiple papal bulls, some of which were sent with an envoy, the Franciscan John of Plano Carpini, to the "Emperor of the Tartars". In a letter now called the Cum non solum, Pope Innocent expressed a desire for peace, and asked the Mongol ruler to become a Christian and to stop killing Christians. However, the new Mongol Great Khan Güyük, installed at Karakorum in 1246, replied only with a demand for the submission of the pope, and a visit from the rulers of the West in homage to Mongol power:”

Hohenstaufen

“The Hohenstaufen also known as Staufer, were a dynasty of German kings (1138–1254) during the Middle Ages. Before ascending to the kingship, they were Dukes of Swabia from 1079. As kings of Germany, they had a claim to Italy, Burgundy and the Holy Roman Empire. Three members of the dynasty—Frederick I (1155), Henry VI (1191) and Frederick II (1220)—were crowned emperor. Besides Germany, they also ruled the Kingdom of Sicily (1194–1268) and the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1225–1268) [succeeded by the House of Habsburg in 1268]”

House of Habsburg

“The House of Habsburg and alternatively called the House of Austria was one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe. The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs from 1438 until their extinction in the male line in 1740. The house also produced emperors and kings of Bohemia, Hungary, Croatia, Galicia, Portugal and Spain with their respective colonies, as well as rulers of several principalities in the Netherlands and Italy.”

“The Habsburg Empire was never composed of a single unified and unitary state as Bourbon France, Hohenzollern Germany, or Great Britain was. It was made up of an accretion of territories that owed their historic loyalty to the head of the house of Habsburg as hereditary lord. The Habsburgs had mostly married the heiresses of these territories, most famously of Spain and the Netherlands. They used their coats of arms then as a statement of their right to rule all these territories."

Rudolf I of Germany

“Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Habsburg was Count of Habsburg from about 1240 and King of Germany from 1273 until his death.Rudolf's election marked the end of the Great Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire after the death of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II in 1250.

The disorder in Germany during the interregnum after the fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty afforded an opportunity for Count Rudolf to increase his possessions. His wife was a Hohenberg heiress; and on the death of his childless maternal uncle Count Hartmann IV of Kyburg in 1264, he also seized his valuable estates.”

Kyburg family

“Kyburg also Kiburg was a noble family of grafen (counts) in the Duchy of Swabia, a cadet line of the counts of Dillingen, who in the late 12th and early 13th century ruled the County of Kyburg, corresponding to much of what is now Northeastern Switzerland.The family was one of the four most powerful noble families in the Swiss plateau beside the House of Habsburg, House of Zähringen and the House of Savoy during 12th century. With the extinction of the Kyburg family's male line in 1264, Rudolph of Habsburg laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them to the Habsburg holdings, establishing the line of "Neu-Kyburg", which was in turn extinct in 1417.”

“In 1250/51 the childless Hartmann IV gave the western part of the property with the center of Burgdorf to his nephew Hartmann V. As a result, Hartmann V, who was supported by the Habsburgs, came into conflict repeatedly with the growing city-state of Bern. His uncle had to step in often to keep the peace. When Hartmann V died in 1263, Count Rudolf von Habsburg became the guardian of Hartmann's daughter Anna, and also took over the administration of the western section. In 1264, after the death of Hartman IV, Rudolf stepped in to control the eastern half as well. Though this brought him into conflict with the claims by the widow Margaret of Savoy and her family.”

”Anna, daughter of Hartmann V, married Eberhard I of Habsburg-Laufenburg. This marriage was intended to secure Habsburg interests in Aargau (Argovia) against Savoy. The son of Eberhard and Anna, Hartmann I (1275–1301) again called himself "of Kyburg". His line came to be known as that of Neu-Kyburg or Kyburg-Burgdorf, persisting until 1417.”

House of Borgia

“The House of Borgia was an Italo-Spanish noble family, which rose to prominence during the Italian Renaissance. They were from Aragon, the surname being a toponymic from the town of Borja, then in the Crown of Aragon, in Spain.The Borgias became prominent in ecclesiastical and political affairs in the 15th and 16th centuries, producing two popes: Alfons de Borja, who ruled as Pope Callixtus III during 1455–1458, and Rodrigo Lanzol Borgia, as Pope Alexander VI, during 1492–1503.”

Name of Turkey

“The English name Turkey, now applied to the modern Republic of Turkey, is historically derived (via Old French Turquie) from the Medieval Latin Turchia, Turquia. It is first recorded in Middle English (as Turkye, Torke, later Turkie, Turky), attested in Chaucer, ca. 1369. The Ottoman Empire was commonly referred to as Turkey or the Turkish Empire

The English name of Turkey (from Medieval Latin Turchia/Turquia) means "land of the Turks"...The phrase land of Torke is used in the 15th-century Digby Mysteries. Later usages can be found in the Dunbar poems, the 16th century Manipulus Vocabulorum ("Turkie, Tartaria")...The medieval Greek and Latin terms did not designate the same geographic area now known as Turkey. Instead, they were mostly synonymous with Tartary, a term including Khazaria and the other khaganates of the Central Asian steppe, until the appearance of the Seljuks and the rise of the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century...The Arabic cognate Turkiyya (Arabic: تركيا) in the form Dawla al-Turkiyya (State of the Turks) was historically used as an official name for the medieval Mamluk Sultanate which covered Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Hejaz and Cyrenaica.”

What’s the Word for Turkey in Turkish?

“The word for turkey in Turkish is hindi.What? OK, so what’s the Hindi word for turkey?Turns out that the word for turkey in Hindi is टर्की. And that, if you don’t know Devanagari, is transcribed ṭarkī in the Latin alphabet.

Turkeys are native to the Americas, but the Europeans first encountering them thought that they looked like a kind of guinea fowl, another large, ungainly, colorful-faced kind of bird. Now, guinea fowl were also called turkey fowl, but that’s because they actually had a legitimate connection to Turkey the country: Europeans received most of their guinea fowl imported via Turkey...the first turkeys brought to Europe also generally came via Turkey: The birds had originally been domesticated by the Aztecs and were brought to Europe by Spanish conquistadores, who traded them to the rest of the continent via North Africa.

Japanese and Korean call it the equivalent of “seven-faced bird,” Abkhazian and other languages in the Caucasus call it “blue bird,” and Thai and Urdu call it “elephant chicken” or “elephant trunk chicken.”

(via What’s the Word for Turkey in Turkish? | Slate)

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franziskabranch-blog · 5 years

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All You Want To Know About Getting Music On The Internet

As hip-hop continues to evolve as a genre, categorizing sub genres by sound or location is turning into a increasingly more troublesome activity. Rock was not with out its triumphs in 2016, nevertheless. Bob Dylan received the Nobel Prize in Literature There was something ironic in Dylan's triumph, in that Dylan's influence shouldn't be as strong as it as soon as was. Common music could have outdated literature as a cultural affect long ago, however different genres have supplanted rock, folk, and blues. Dylan's Nobel Prize win additionally felt like a belated shot in a tradition struggle that ended way back—anyone who does not suppose Dylan's music needs to be taken critically is rightfully dismissed as a crank. In a 12 months by which pop music—from Robyn to Ariana Grande—was making a powerful assertion, singer Héloïse Letissier, who performs as Christine and the Queens, arrived from France to continue the dialog about gender and id on Chris. On Would not Matter"—over daring poppy '80s drums and sparkling synth—Héloïse bravely addresses the pressures of the masculine gaze, suicidal thoughts, and the character of relationships and faith. It's a heavy and vital dialog to be having—particularly in a song full of as a lot buoyant French enjoyable as this one. On Facet One our Kate strikes a deal with God, throws her sneakers in a lake and poses as somewhat boy driving a rain machine. Turn over, and she or he's drowning, exorcising demons and dancing an Irish jig. All this to a soundscape that employs the shiniest synthesised studio toys the Eighties had to supply within the service of one women's unique but utterly English musical genius. Pay attention again to the delirious cacophany of 'Working Up That Hill', and it appears like God struck that deal.

A examine out of Finland additionally looked on the emotional properties of music and its impression on memory formation, but with a twist. It compared how music impacted the reminiscences of those with musical backgrounds versus those without Those with a musical background did higher on the memory tasks if neutral music was taking part in, reasonably than pleasurable music. The opposite was true for those with out musical backgrounds. The conclusion drawn here is that pleasurable music was too distracting to individuals with musical backgrounds. In essence, their brains had been too busy analyzing the music they enjoyed to form new reminiscences. Whereas these and not using a musical background had been reacting to the positive feelings inspired by the pleasurable music, which helped them enhance their quick-time period reminiscence. Now, you recognize, when you think about that jazz is great American music, it has been four or five a long time, I believe 1963, since jazz received record of the yr for Grammy presentation. I imply, that's astonishing to me. So perhaps there's a beacon of light now that has been shined upon us to perhaps make folks look a bit of bit more deeply into what artwork is de facto about. What it means. And I'm so pleased that Herbie won this record as a result of it was the only jazz report nominated for record of the year. Simply earlier than his tragic dying in a airplane crash in Madison, Wis., in late 1967, Otis Redding had accomplished recording (Sittin' on) The Dock of the Bay", perhaps his biggest track and the first document to ever develop into a posthumous No. 1 hit. Was Otis Redding pondering of Vietnam? We'll by no means know for sure, however he'd agreed to journey to Vietnam to entertain the troops shortly before his passing. Frank Free, an data specialist at USARV Headquarters at Long Binh in 1968-69, admits that he gravitated to music that expressed emotions of craving and loneliness, and that Redding's portrait of the lonely wanderer resting by the ocean watching the solar go down in (Sittin' on) The Dock of the Bay" perfectly captured that feeling. For many people, our taste in music is an integral a part of our identification - so much in order that, to a certain extent, what we hearken to is who we are. The songs of our youth, heard a thousand times, fill our headspace with stray lyrics and infectious grooves, creating a filter for the way we see, hear, and perceive the world from then on out. And whereas some have a much less aware, more natural approach, others actively draw boundaries between the music they settle for and the music they deny - and by extension, the people associated with these musical cultures, as effectively.

Earlier than the pc age" musicians caught with a given music genre. If you have been asked to group the different musicians in particular categories depending on their musical expertise, it was very straightforward to do. That is now not the case. Genres in at the moment's music are blurred as the modern musicians" match totally different genres. Currently, it's not uncommon to discover a musician singing hip-hop and but playing within the R&B type. Some musicians have even gained awards in music categories they are not famous for. For example, Nelly, who is understood for R&B, has won a rustic music award. Due to the limited confinement of the completely different music genres, the music world has become confused and it's virtually unimaginable to tell the specific style that a given musician engages in.

Artistic Commons is a system that lets you legally use some rights reserved" music, movies, photographs, and different content material — all at no cost. CC gives free copyright licenses that anyone can use to mark their inventive work with the freedoms they need it to hold. As an illustration, a musician might use a Inventive Commons license to allow individuals to legally share her songs online, make copies for mates, or even use them in videos or make remixes. For extra data, go to our Be taught More page.

Romantic music (c. 1810 to 1900) from the 19th century had many components in widespread with the Romantic types in literature and portray of the era. Romanticism was an inventive, literary, and mental movement was characterised by its emphasis on emotion and individualism in addition to glorification of all of the previous and nature. Romantic music expanded past the inflexible kinds and forms of the Classical period into more passionate, dramatic expressive items and songs. Romantic composers similar to Wagner and Brahms tried to increase emotional expression and www.audio-transcoder.com power of their music to explain deeper truths or human emotions. With symphonic tone poems , composers tried to tell tales and evoke images or landscapes utilizing instrumental music. Some composers promoted nationalistic pride with patriotic orchestral music inspired by folk music The emotional and expressive qualities of music got here to take priority over custom.

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lieselotte29e-blog · 5 years

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Tempo In Digital Music

Electronic music is music which uses non-conventional digital instrumentation and sound manipulation expertise as the first musical spine of a composition. "Free jazz" begins here, more or less. The saxophonist would get a lot further out (what's that piano doing right here?) but his first recording session established a brand new idea of improvisation: moderately than expressing themselves within traditional track constructions, musicians must act like spontaneous composers responding to what the opposite players had executed. But Coleman got here up on the R&B circuit, and if One thing Else!!!! was more forward-thinking than a lot up to date jazz it was additionally bluesier. One in all Ornette Coleman's greatest insights was that generally the most avant-garde music is also the truest to its roots, which you could demolish traditional musical architecture without abandoning the sounds that made these traditions once feel so alive. For instance, liuyvonne8349456.wapsite.me researchers found that individuals might make correct judgments about an individual's levels of extraversion, creativity, and open-mindedness after listening to 10 of their favorite songs. Extroverts tend to seek out songs with heavy bass traces while those that get pleasure from more complicated kinds comparable to jazz and classical music are typically more creative and have increased IQ-scores Rentfrow and Gosling have prolonged their studies, looking at the completely different sides of music that may be linked to preferences. I do not understand how people in India have the guts to even name Bollywood a music business. I mean, severely? A talent-much less bunch saying "Your eyes, your face, our love, our marriage" time and again in each tune. And www.audio-transcoder.com a few random-ass "rapper" who sometimes chips in to "rap", which all the time consists of "Get on the floor, yeah, groove it, yeah, yo, yo, move it". ninety nine.9% of the songs are like that. Plus, no production quality in any respect. All the pieces borrowed from different international music. Bollywood is simply industrial advertising and marketing noise which is offered off as music to a billion folks with no taste and no clue as to what real music is.

A examine out of Finland additionally regarded on the emotional properties of music and its impression on memory formation, however with a twist. It compared how music impacted the memories of those with musical backgrounds versus these without These with a musical background did better on the memory duties if impartial music was playing, rather than pleasurable music. The other was true for these without musical backgrounds. The conclusion drawn right here is that pleasurable music was too distracting to individuals with musical backgrounds. In essence, their brains were too busy analyzing the music they enjoyed to kind new reminiscences. While those with out a musical background have been reacting to the constructive emotions impressed by the pleasurable music, which helped them enhance their short-time period reminiscence. Your first major drawback, not one endemic to the style however one which plagues it in a key way — there's a plethora of bands that all sound the same and are most likely very horrible. Partially as a result of undeviating" nature or lack of evolution throughout the genre, death metal has a very discernible sound that can shortly become hackneyed. There are methods and tropes to any niche primarily based musical type, with some artists using them better than others to nice success while others are simply off-putting to the detriment of the genre. The style can be widely common among American teenagers , earning the second place and 15.three percent of votes in a survey in August 2012. The primary place and more than 18 percent of votes was awarded to pop music, rock scored 13.1 percent and landed in fourth place. Curiously, Christian music made it to prime 5 with nine p.c of votes. The younger generation is also broadly represented amongst nation music performers with such outstanding names as Taylor Swift (born in 1989), who was the very best paid musician in 2015, and Hunter Hayes (born in 1991). Immediately, EDM is usually characterized by remixes and unique sound mixes, produced by world-well-known DJs like The Chainsmokers , Steve Aoki , Martin Garrix and others, along with the ever-relevant Skrillex, David Guetta, Daft Punk and Tiësto. That said, electronic dance music and its subgenres are actually utilized by a big majority of pop and hip-hop artists, including the likes of Coldplay, Justin Bieber, Selena Gomez, Drake, Taylor Swift, Katy Perry, Alessia Cara and numerous others.

Method back in 2016, Young Thug shared a photo of himself with Sir Elton John. For years, Elton John has been an avid fan of Young Thug, having heard the rapper on Beats 1 in 2015. Shortly after that, the two began engaged on a collaboration, and a song that includes Thug and Elton John's vocals from "Rocketman" has been rumored ever since. This 12 months, the two lastly made good on that promise, releasing the melodic and thoughtful "Excessive" featuring John's iconic hook. It is a flawless melding of two generations of pop stars, one which on paper could have been a catastrophe, but is genius given the talent of each musicians concerned.

For anybody who has ever practised these two dance genres or has some involvement with them, the answer may be apparent and the query might also sound pointless as contemporary dance and jazz dance are clearly completely different. Nonetheless, for the non initiated it may be tough to differentiate, particularly since these two dance genres typically affect one another and new forms of fusion are repeatedly created and performed. Before starting to practise each contemporary and jazz dance, I for one did not have a clear concept of the variations and at first I might haven't known how you can explain if there have been any variations.

Romantic music (c. 1810 to 1900) from the 19th century had many parts in widespread with the Romantic types in literature and portray of the era. Romanticism was an inventive, literary, and intellectual motion was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the previous and nature. Romantic music expanded past the rigid kinds and forms of the Classical era into extra passionate, dramatic expressive items and songs. Romantic composers comparable to Wagner and Brahms attempted to extend emotional expression and energy of their music to describe deeper truths or human emotions. With symphonic tone poems , composers tried to inform stories and evoke photographs or landscapes utilizing instrumental music. Some composers promoted nationalistic pleasure with patriotic orchestral music inspired by folks music The emotional and expressive qualities of music got here to take precedence over tradition.

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queerasfact · 6 years

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Queer as Fact episodes by location

Here’s a list of all our episodes by continent, and then by country. Hopefully this will help people find specific topics they’re interested in, and also help us try and increase the diversity of what we talk about. I will link this on our main page and try and keep it updated as we go along. Enjoy!

This list doesn’t include our Queer as Fiction episodes on queer media, which can be found here.

You can also find our episodes organised by time period.

Africa

Queer Women in Medieval Arab Literature

Angola

Njinga of Ndongo (1582-1663, monarch)

Benin

The Agojie (1700s-1894, regiments of soldiers assigned female at birth)

Tanzania

Freddie Mercury (1946-1991, the frontman of rock band, Queen. Freddie was born in Zanizbar to Indian parents and lived there as a young child and again briefly as a teenager)

South Africa

Simon Nkoli (1959-1998, activist)

Asia

Queer Women in Medieval Arab Literature

China

Queer Love in Early Chinese History

Han Zigao (538-567 general)

Wú Zǎo (c.1799-1862, poet and playwright)

Golden Orchid Societies (19th-20th century communities of women rejecting traditional marriage)

Yoshiko Kawashima (1907-1948 Chinese-Japanese public figure and spy)

India

Hijra is 19th-century India

Michael Dillon (1915-1962, first trans man to undergo a phalloplasty. Michael was born in the UK and spent the last years of his life studying Buddhist traditions in India)

Freddie Mercury (1946-1991, the frontman of rock band, Queen. Freddie was born in Zanzibar to Indian parents, and then spent much of his childhood in India.)

Iran

Abu Nuwas (c.750-c.814 poet)

Maryam Khatoon Molkara (1950-2012, trans activist)

Iraq

Abu Nuwas (c.750-c.814 poet)

Israel

Gad Beck (1923-2012, German activist, WWII resistance member, and Holocaust survivor)

Yona Wallach (1944-1985, poet)

Japan

Yoshiya Nobuko (1896-1973, author)

Yoshiko Kawashima (1907-1948 Chinese-Japanese public figure and spy)

Pakistan

Shah Hussayn (1538-1599, poet)

Philippines

Beki (queer language originating in the 1960s or 70s)

Taiwan

Qiu Miaojin (1969-1995, writer)

Australia and Oceania

Australia

Queer as Fact meets History is Gay (a conversation about queer slang in Australia and the USA)

Captain Moonlite parts one and two (1845-1880, bushranger)

Harry Crawford (1875-1938, trans man tried for murder)

William Dobell (1889-1970, artist)

Lesbia Harford (1891-1927, poet and activist)

Alice Anderson (1897-1926, owner of Australia’s first all-female garage)

The Birth of Queer Film in Australia

Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras (begun 1978)

HIV/AIDS in Australia (1982 onwards)

The Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands (2004-2017)

Hawai’i

Kapaemahu (monument to four māhū healers)

Europe

Albania

Albanian sworn virgins (a traditional custom that allowed someone assigned female at birth to assume a male gender role by taking a vow of chastity)

Finland

Tove Jansson (1914-2001, author and artist)

France

Julie D’Aubigny (c.1670-1707, opera singer and duellist)

Chevalière d’Éon (1728-1810, spy and diplomat)

Rosa Bonheur (1822-1899, artist)

Isadora Duncan (1877-1927, American dancer)

Sylvia Beach (1887-1962, publisher and bookseller)

Josephine Baker (1906-1975, singer, actress, civil rights activist and spy)

Germany (including Prussia)

Hildegard of Bingen (c.1098-1179, nun and polymath)

Frederick the Great (1712-1786, monarch and general)

Baron von Steuben (1730-1794, Inspector General of the US Army)

Gad Beck (1923-2012, activist, WWII resistance member, and Holocaust survivor)

Greece

Achilles and Patroclus (figures from Greek myth)

The Sacred Band of Thebes (military unit made up of male-male couples, 300s BCE)

Ireland

St Brigid (c.450-525, abbess)

Dr. James Barry (1789-1865, surgeon)

Oscar Wilde (1854-1900, poet and playwright)

Italy (including Ancient Rome)

The Warren Cup (ancient Roman cup depicting male-male sex)

Male Sexuality in Ancient Rome

Relationships between women in ancient Rome

Julius Caesar (c.100BCE-44BCE)

Nero (37CE-68CE, Roman emperor)

Sexuality in Pompeii (79CE)

Hadrian and Antinous (Roman emperor 76CE-138CE and his lover c.111CE-130CE)

Harry Crawford (1875-1938, Italian-born trans man tried for murder in Australia)

Netherlands

Willem Arondeus (1894-1943, artist and WWII resistance member)

Poland

Vaslav Nijinsky (1889-1950, ballet dancer and choreographer)

Russia

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky part 1 and part 2 (1840-1893, composer)

Sofya Parnok (1885-1933, poet)

Vaslav Nijinsky (1889-1950, ballet dancer and choreographer)

Spain

Federico García Lorca (1898-1936, playwright and poet)

Sweden

Christina of Sweden (1626-1689, monarch)

Did Swedish people call in gay to work?

Edward II (1284-1327, king of England)

Horace Walpole (1717-1797, antiquarian and man of letters)

Anne Lister and follow-up Christmas special (1791-1840, landowner and diarist)

Mary Shelley (1797-1851, author)

Fanny Park and Stella Boulton (1846-1881, 1847-1904, English transfeminine people tried for homosexuality)

Oscar Wilde (1854-1900, poet and playwright)

The Warren Cup (ancient Roman cup depicting male-male sex, brought to Britain by collector Ned Warren in the early 20th century)

The Secret Sex Spreadsheets of John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946, economist)

Did Queen Victoria believe in lesbians?

Elke Mackenzie (1911-1990, lichenologist and polar explorer)

Ewan Forbes (1912-1991, doctor and farmer)

Michael Dillon (1915-1962, first trans man to undergo a phalloplasty)

Roberta Cowell (1918-2011, WWII fighter pilot, race-car driver and trans pioneer)

Freddie Mercury (1946-1991, the frontman of rock band, Queen)

Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners (1984-85, activist group)

The Vatican

Pope Joan (c.9th century CE)

Christina of Sweden (1626-1689, monarch)

North America

Crow (Apsáalooke)

Bíawacheeitchish aka Woman Chief (c.1806-1854, warrior and leader)

Osh-Tisch (1854-1929, warrior, craftsperson, and two-spirit batée)

Zuni (A:shiwi)

We’wha (c.1849-1896, craftsperson, ambassador, and two-spirit lhamana)

USA

Queer as Fact meets History is Gay (a conversation about queer slang in Australia and the USA)

Kapaemahu (Hawai’ian monument to four māhū healers)

Baron von Steuben (1730-1794, Inspector General of the US Army)

Charity Bryant and Sylvia Drake (1777-1851, 1784-1868, lived as a married couple)

Bíawacheeitchish aka Woman Chief (c.1806-1854, Crow warrior and leader)

Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888, author of Little Women and other works)

Osh-Tisch (1854-1929, Crow warrior, craftsperson, and two-spirit batée)

We’wha (c.1849-1896, Zuni craftsperson, ambassador, and two-spirit lhamana)

Isadora Duncan (1877-1927, dancer)

Harry Allen (1882-1922, trans man)

Ma Rainey (1886-1939, blues singer)

Lucy Hicks Anderson (1886-1954, cook, socialite and brothel-owner)

Sylvia Beach (1887-1962, publisher and bookseller)

Ruth Ellis (1899-2000, lesbian centenarian)

Henrietta Bingham (1901-1968, jazz-age socialite)

Josephine Baker (1906-1975, singer, actress, civil rights activist and spy)

Gladys Bentley (1907-1960, blues performer)

Samuel Steward (1909-1993, professor of English, tattoo artist and sex researcher)

Pauli Murray parts one and two (1910-1985, lawyer, civil rights activist, priest and poet)

Billy Tipton (1914-1989, jazz musician)

Rosetta Tharpe (1915-1973, gospel singer)

Stormé DeLarverie (1920-2014, drag performer and bouncer)

Harvey Milk (1930-1978, San Francisco politician)

Audre Lorde (1934-1992, activist and writer)

Marsha P. Johnson (1945-1992, drag queen and activist)

Sally Ride (1951-2012, astronaut)

Stonewall (1969 New York riots)

Shelly’s Leg (1970s Seattle gay club)

Asexuals have problems too (1971 Village Voice article)

The Asexual Manifesto (1972 political document)

Gilbert Baker and the Rainbow Flag (first flown 1975)

Friends of Dorothy (gay men in the 1980s US Navy)

Central and South America

Costa Rica

Chavela Vargas (1919-2012, Costa Rican-born Mexican singer)

Mexico

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (c.1648-1695, nun, writer and polymath)

Frida Kahlo (1907-1954, artist) and Frida Kahlo’s lost archive

Chavela Vargas (1919-2012, Costa Rican-born Mexican singer)

Peru

Moche sex pots (erotic ceramics from the 2nd to 8th centuries CE)

#queer history #lgbt history #lgbtq #history #gay history #lesbian history #bi history #trans history

1K notes · View notes

kmp78 · 6 years

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FINLAND 1 - 0 - 0 🇫🇮

A QUICK COMPILATION OF ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW - AND WISH YOU NEVER DID.

1. You may call us Finland and Finns, but we call ourselves Suomi and suomalaiset.

2. Altho if you don´t mind, we would rather you did not call us anything ever. Actually if we could both pretend each other doesn´t even exist, that would be just great!

3. Yes we are a notoriously shy and reserved nation with a gigantic inferiority complex - especially when compared to our neighbor Sweden.

4. Who incidentally we loooooove beating in hockey.

5. Saimaannorppa aka Saimaa ringed seal can only be found in Finland and is highly endangered.

According to a count done in 2015, there are only about 320 individuals left, and therefore quite understandably whenever one is found dead in a fisherman´s net or by the hands of a poacher etc., it causes headlines and outrages.

6. 70% of Finland is made up of forests - that´s roughly the size of the entire area of the United Kingdom.

7. Finland was awarded the Summer Olympics for 1940, but then things got all sorts of fucked up thanks to Adolf & co., so those plans were scrapped even tho we had a brand-spanking new Olympic stadium and everything! Dammit!

Oh well, we were compensated in 1952 when we finally got the honor of hosting our only (so far) Olympic games.

8. Those 1952 Olympics were the first time Coca Cola was introduced to Finns.

9. No, we do not have polar bears.

10. We also don´t have KFC, Wendy´s or Dunkin´ Donuts.

11. Yes I am very upset about all those things mentioned above but especially about KFC.

12. Finland was the first country in Europe which gave women the right to vote (1906).

13. The Finnish language does not separate words such as “she” or “he”. We just use a gender-neutral “hän”, which means “that person”.

14. The national bird of Finland is the whooper swan.

15. Helsinki has the world´s most Northern metro system.

16. Savonlinna hosts their annual Opera Festival in a Medieval castle.

17. We are vindictive and petty as HELL. Just ask Silvio Berlusconi.

http://kmp78.tumblr.com/post/155861218049/finland-chronicles-part-14

18. A Finnish person will drink approximately 129 litres of milk a year.

19. Some years ago, the word for mother (”äiti”) was voted the most beautiful word in the Finnish language.

20. Moomins are, as some of you MAY REMEMBER FROM A SPECIFIC DEBACLE FROM EARLIER THIS YEAR, from Finland and were created by OUR Miss Tove Jansson.

21. Unlike many other countries which after gaining independence tore down all statues and other remnants of their history under foreign rule, in Finland we chose to keep ours up as reminders of our past.

For example, on our main square aka the Senate Square you will find Czar Alexander II standing proudly.

22. And speaking of statues, one of the landmarks of Helsinki is Havis Amanda.

It depicts a mermaid who decides to leave the sea and walk on... well, not water.

Each year on April 30th, she is “crowned” with a cap, to represent all those who have graduated from secondary school and earned their caps.

23. As of 2010, internet access has been a legal right in Finland.

24. Do you have one of those cupboard things over your kitchen sink, the kind where you place your dishes to dry?

That was invented by a Finnish woman called Maiju Gebhard in 1945.

25. The longest word in the Finnish language is “epäjärjestelmällistyttämättömyydelläänsäkäänköhän”, which loosely translates to “not even by her lack of organization, do you suppose”.

26. Angry Birds are from here.

27. Finland is also the birth place of the most successful ski jump champions of all time, Matti Nykänen.

28. After his sports career came to an end, Matti has been a permanent fixture in the tabloids with his... issues... involving alcohol abuse, domestic abuse (he even served time in prison for attempting to kill one of his many ex-wives) and an assortment of careers including stripping and now singing.

He is also responsible for one of our most beloved and useful quotes of all time: back in the 80s when he was still jumping from towers and competing in Canada, he got into some “situations” and was sent back home as punishment. When he arrived at the airport, a journo asked him “Matti, did you drink alcohol?”, to which Matti replied “Maybe I did drink, maybe I didn´t drink”.

All bases covered then!

The man is a fucking genius.

29. There are absolutely ZERO public payphones anywhere in Finland.

30. For a very short period of time back in, Finland had a female president AND a female Prime Minister.

Sadly that arrangement came to an abrupt end when the Prime Minister was forced to resign over a scandal involving some sort of Iraq documents which I´m still, a decade later, completely baffled by.

31. As those who come on this blog surely know by now, Yours Truly is a passionate berry picker - and being a berry nut in Finland is easy indeed since a) we have one of the cleanest natures in the world and b) all living things you find in nature, you can keep - within reason, of course.

Usually a good principle is to keep about 100 meters distance from the nearest house. Other than that, you´re good to go!

32. People in in Northern Finland aka Lapland area have a very specific unit of measurement called the “poronkusema” which could be loosely translated to “Reindeer´s piss”. Roughly it means the distance a reindeer can walk before needing to urinate. It´s quite a long distance...

33. Our current President Sauli Niinistö is a survivor of the tragic tsunami which took place in South-East Asia on Dec 26, 2004. Over 200 000 people (including almost 200 Finnish tourists) died in one of the worst natural disasters of our time - Mr. Niinistö and his sons saved their own lives by climbing up a telephone pole and staying there for several hours.

34. In Finland October 13th is National Failure Day which aims to encourage people to share their failures and learn from them rather than hide their heads in shame and pretend all is well.

35. The REAL Santa Claus lives up in Rovaniemi and you can visit his village all year long.

36. Sheldon gave us a good laugh and an ego boost.

youtube

37. We like eating Rudolf with lingonberries and mash.

38. On some years we get A LOT of snow, but on others we get practically none. Back in 1997, in Lapland the snow reached up to 190 cm.

Incidentally I am 155 cm.

39. In the Finnish language there is an alphabet called Å which isn´t actually a part of a single Finnish word in the entire Finnish language - it is simply a remnant from our many centuries spent under Swedish rule.

40. Unesco has reported that Finland´s tap water is the cleanest in the world.

41. A handy Finnish saying: “Early bird catches the worm, but the second mouse gets the cheese”.

42. For some God forsaken reason, Finland and Estonia have the same national anthem.

43. Sadly accurate these days.

44. Sadly accurate these days.

45. Rosina Heikel (1842 - 1929) was Finland´s and in fact the Nordic countries 1st female doctor.

46. When something is a failure/a dud, the common term in the English language is “a lemon”. Over here, it´s “susi”. Susi also means wolf.

47. And susi should not be confused with sisu!

48. In Lapland you can spend your vacation in an igloo.

49. Fines for speeding are determined by the offender´s income. Basically if you earn more, you have to pay more. The highest fines have been over 100 000 €. Stay poor, kids!

50. Pamela Anderson´s grandparents were from Finland.

51. Yes we like getting our drinks on, and most of us go abroad to Tallinn to get our drinks on for a lot less €s.

52. In Lapland, the Sun never rises from November to January.

53. In reverse, the Sun never sets from June to July. We call it “The Nightless night”.

54. Finland has exactly 1 Eurovision victory under its belt.

55. In 2018 Saara Aalto will be repping us.

Please vote for us. Please?

56. Nokia became famous for their mobile phones, but originally they manufactured rubber boots.

57. We don´t dub movies or TV shows.

58. We do however sometimes give them ridiculous and extremely SPOILER ALERT-y names. For example, “The Shawshank Redemption” was translated to “Rita Hayworth - Key to escape”.

I mean... C´MOOOOON!

59. Sometimes that´s all you can do.

60. Simo Häyhä aka “White Death” was one of the deadliest snipers of all time. During a 3 month stretch of the Winter War, he shot roughly 200 Russian soldiers before getting shot in the face himself. He survived and lived to be 96.

61. We don´t use the 1 and 2 cent coins. You CAN try paying with them as they of course are legal currency, but there are no guarantees you´ll get very far.

62. Feb 14th may be a day for lovers for the rest of the world, but we know it as “Friend´s Day”.

63. Tipping is not (thankfully) a part of the Finnish culture.

64. The guy longing for Sven in Titanic (the coat dude) was portrayed as a Swede, but was actually a Finn called Jari Kinnunen.

65. Karelian pies with egg butter are the best thing ever.

66. Märket island which is situated between Finland and Sweden had to have the border lines twisted a bit because the Finns who built that lighthouse, accidentally built it on the wrong side...

67. While often named as one of the 5 Scandinavian countries, Finland isn´t technically even a part of Scandinavia: we ARE however a part of the Nordic countries.

68. If you are invited to a Finnish sauna, you are expected to go nude.

69. Finnish armed forces are mandatory for men but voluntary for women.

70. Moomin mugs are peculiarly popular especially among Asian tourists. They can sometimes pay even thousands for rare ones.

71. We never had vikings, but there is one viking tale about a princess called Skjalv, daughter of the Finnish King Froste (those aren´t even Finnish names...), who was stolen as war loot to Sweden but ended up strangling her captor with a gold chain.

72. Our 4th president was Kyösti Kallio, who was forced to resign from office after the Winter War on December 19th 1940. On that same day he was about to step onto a train to take him back home for retirement, when during his final official ceremony at Helsinki Railway Station, in front of his soldiers and while the orchestra played, he suffered a fatal heart attack and died right there in front of everyone. Legend says he collapsed into the arms of our greatest war hero and later president himself, Marshall C.G.E. Mannerheim (seen in the white hat next to President Kallio).

73. Marshall Mannerheim is the only person in Finnish history who has been rewarded that particular military honor. In fact, he is and forever will remain the only person who has the title “Finland´s Marshall”, an honor bestowed upon him for his services to his home country during Finland´s tumultuous early years of independence.

A few years ago he was voted by the Finns themselves as the most important Finnish person of all time.

74. In June 1942, Adolf Hitler came to Finland to pay his respects to Marshall Mannerheim on his 75th birthday. As a little “souvenir” for future generations, the sneaky Finns recorded a snippet of his and Mannerheim´s private conversation.

It is the only known recording of Hitler speaking with a calm, normal voice, as he was very particular about only being filmed while screaming and ranting his ideologies.

youtube

75. Roughly 3 million tourists visit Finland each year and I think at least 2 500 000 of them are always going exactly where I´m going too.

76. We like to make things hard for foreigners.

77. We don´t have any mountains.

78. But we have lakes. We have a shit ton of lakes. 187 888 lakes to be precise.

79. FYI

80. All our days end with -tai (Monday = maanantai, Tuesday = tiistai etc.), except for Wednesday. Wednesday is called keskiviikko.

81. We have a lot of free time.

82. J. R. R. Tolkien used the Finnish national epoch the Kalevala as inspiration for the languages in the Lord of the Rings saga.

83. The St. Louis Arch was designed by a Finn called Eero Saarinen.

84. Every summer we arrange what is called Kaljakellunta aka “Beer float” which pretty much just consists of taking a floatie and a case of beer and... well, that´s about it.

85. If you want to enhance your sauna experience, you can use a birch whisk.

86. The bubble chair was designed by a Finnish man called Eero Aarnio.

87. Thursdays are the “official” pea soup and pancakes day all over Finland.

88. Finns love queuing.

89. Life expectancy for men is 78 years and for women 84 years.

90. In Tornio you can play golf in two countries:

http://kmp78.tumblr.com/post/155901150914/finland-chronicles-part-15

91. Finns invented the so-called Molotov´s cocktail.

92. All people in Finland must pay a TV tax even if they do not they own a TV.

93. We celebrate Christmas on the 24th of December.

94. Finns love salmiakki aka salty licorice.

I don´t, btw.

95. Finland is one of the few countries in Europe which has not banned sex with animals - and some actually take advantage of that loophole...

http://kmp78.tumblr.com/post/156161829244/finland-chronicles-part-21

http://kmp78.tumblr.com/post/156257574544/finland-chronicles-part-23

96. Armi Kuusela won the 1st ever Miss Universe pageant in 1952.

97. In 2006, Conan O´Brian did a sketch about looking like our then-president Tarja Halonen and it ballooned into a huge movement.

youtube

98. Weeeeell...

99. On every Independence day, the current president hosts a party at his residence for about 2 000 dignitaries, celebs, politicians etc. We riff raffers sit at home in our sweatpants and watch it on TV with some nachos and snarky comments.

100. MONTY PYTHON KNOWS.

youtube

HAPPY BIRTHDAY, SUOMI, AND THANK YOU FOR EVERYTHING.

Despite you reeeeally getting on my nerves SO MUCH and SO OFTEN, I still love you. 💙 💙 💙

#finland 100 #suomi 100 #itsenäisyyspäivä #december 6th 1917 #thank you #100 facts for 100 years #national pride #also shame for good measure

3K notes · View notes

rabbitcruiser · 1 year

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National Cotton Candy Day

Head over to your local funfair for an airy, spun-sugar treat or whip up creative cakes and cocktails like cotton candy cupcakes and fairy floss martinis.

Learn more about National Cotton Candy Day

History of National Cotton Candy Day

How to celebrate National Cotton Candy Day

Source

#National Cotton Candy Day #7 December #NationalCottonCandyDay #USA #restaurant #RPM Steak #Chicago #original photography #travel #vacation #summer 2016 #I don't like cotton candy that much #national day #food #snack #Illinois

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wqdwaefes · 3 years

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angelikabozh · 3 years

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New Post has been published on https://www.nearshoring-info.ch/nearshoring-to-baltic-countries/

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: Nearshoring to Baltic Countries vs Ukraine

Baltic countries are a group of three sovereign states, which are located in a long and beautiful low-lying landscape of Baltic Plains on the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. The total area of these states is about 175,000 square kilometers and a combined population of about 6.1 million people. The names of the Baltic States are Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

At present, they have become a new technology hub for IT outsourcing and the development of digital services for export to the world, especially for the European countries. Let’s explore the digital prowess and capacity of these countries and also the comparative analysis of benefits, reasons, downsides, and other factors of IT outsourcing in Baltic countries with Ukraine, which is another attractive hub in the Eastern European region for IT nearshoring services to the major countries in Europe, North America, and other regions.

Why Is IT Outsourcing in Baltic Countries So Attractive for Companies Worldwide?

There are numerous reasons for companies across the globe to hire developers in Tallinn, Vilnius, and Riga, which are the top hubs of Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia respectively. Baltic states are popular for their technical-savvy population with a strong urge for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. These states are powered by a few world-class universities providing professional-level education in the field of technology.

Baltic states are very popular among a wide range of companies, especially the software development companies, for providing highly skilled Estonia software engineer C++, mobile app developer Vilnius, Latvia dedicated team of developers, and Riga dedicated team for remote development due to numerous reasons. A few very important of them are mentioned below:

Geographical location. All Baltic states are located in the Northeastern part of the European continent. This region is very close to numerous European countries such as Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Belarus, Germany, Norway, and other major countries in the region. Physical traveling is very easy and less expensive; so, it is very suitable for nearshoring for the companies in Europe.

STEM education. Baltic countries are very well known for their STEM education powered by a few best universities and technical institutes in the regions. A majority of the technical degree holders including a Tallinn developer, Riga developer, or even an Estonia web developer are highly skilled and very well-versed in one’s respective domains of technologies.

Shared culture and work ethics. The roots of Baltic countries originate from the European culture and share common traditions, ethics, behavior, and work ethics. This creates the feeling of at-home among the companies from Europe and surrounding regions very. The communication and understanding of the responses and behaviors become so easy among the on-premises and remote teams.

Competitive prices. The prices of hiring a wide range of developers for building a dedicated development team in Estonia, Latvia, or even a Lithuania dedicated team are very competitive as compared to many major European countries. Thus, companies choose one of the Baltic states as the best country to nearshore their IT services and software development.

Higher ranking in ease of doing business. According to the World Bank statistics, Baltic states are among the top twenty countries in the world where doing business is very easy without any hard bureaucratic redlines. In the ranking of 2020, Lithuania ranks 11th, Latvia 19th, and Estonia 18th in the list of 190 countries and sovereign states in the world.

Overlapped working hours. The time zones of Baltic states fall within UTC+2 and UTC+3, which create overlapped working hours with numerous countries in Europe, North America, and Asia-Pacific regions. Thus, the Baltic states are very suitable for coordination and communication.

Innovative countries. The Baltic states are among the top 40 countries in the Global innovation index released by Bloomberg in 2020. The rankings of Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania are 34th, 39th, and 40th respectively. A web development company Latvia or located anywhere in the world can obtain the best value by hiring developers from Baltic countries.

Quality of work. The quality of work done by the software development companies in Tallin, Estonia or located in any country of the Baltic Plains is in line with the European standards.

Comparison of IT Nearshoring Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania

The comparison of IT nearshoring in the countries – such as Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania – of a particular area with a wide range of similarities is governed by numerous factors such as size of talent pool, capacity of the market, status of economy, major IT hubs, language proficiency, and the cost to hire developers in Riga, Vilnius, or Tallin. The main factors that can provide you with a very clear comparative picture of the Baltic states are shown in the following table.

Comparison Factor

Estonia Latvia

Lithuania

IT Talent Pool 28,400 37,000 31,500 IT Graduates Annually 3,036 8,900 4,500 IT Market Capacity 3.13 billion USDs 4.97 billion USDs 877.58 million USDs English Proficiency Level 7th 14th 24th Major IT Hubs Tallinn, Tartu, Narva Riga, Daugavpils, Liepaja Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda Average Developer Salary (Monthly) $2,773 $2,554 $2,505

If you look at the IT talent pool, you will find very little difference. Latvia has the biggest IT talent pool followed by the Lithuanian and Estonian pools respectively. The demand for IT specialists such as React developer in Estonia, Lithuania tech programming experts, and Android mobile app development agency Vilnius in the Baltic countries is very high. But, the annual inflow of tech-talent graduates in Latvia is comparatively higher than in the other two countries.

One thing very common in those Baltic states is that a sizable number of IT specialists, especially web developer Estonia and other professionals belong to foreign countries. Estonia ranks the most fluent in English language as compared to Latvia and Lithuania. The average Estonia developer salary is a bit higher than the Lithuania software developer salary as well as the software engineer salary in Latvia.

So, we can say that the landscape of the IT outsourcing market of all three Baltic countries is very much similar with a very slight difference in the market parameters.

An Overview of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia IT Outsourcing

After the comparison of a few top factors of the IT outsourcing market of the Baltic countries, let’s have a deep dive into the dimensions of IT and software development of those countries individually.

Outlook to Hire Developers in Estonia

Estonia is also referred to as the “Baltic Tiger” due to numerous factors that make this country one of the most vibrant economies and the connected societies in Europe. The main reasons for calling Estonia as Baltic tiger are listed below:

A huge pool of over 37K tech-talent and counting

Ranks as #1 entrepreneurial country in Europe

Ranks #1 startup friendliness country in EU countries

Ranks #3 in terms of number of startups per capita

Over one thousand startups and 5 unicorns in the country

English is spoken widely among the people

Negative inflation rate

A sizeable economy of 31.01 billion and 1.3 million population

Nearly 100% literacy rate

Highly digitized society – first to use digital online voting

Great level of gender equality

Over 99 public services available online

Ranks 1st in digital health ranking and 2nd in internet freedom

Balanced budget and economic growth

Very good tax regime

Double-digit growth in the IT sector

Easy process for doing business

Attractive landscape and location

And much more

Hiring an Estonia Python development team for improving the nearshore development capacity of any software development company Estonia or located in European or North American countries is very beneficial. The main advantages of hiring developers from Estonia are mentioned below.

Advantages:

Access to a highly skilled tech-talent pool

Innovative and creative approach to the problem-solutions

Higher quality of software development and IT services

Competitive Tallinn software engineer salary to reduce development cost

Increased staff production and efficiency due to efficient use of working hours

Helpful in bridging the gaps of technology expertise

High level of professional commitment and flexibility

And much more

Disadvantages:

Comparatively higher cost as compared to many other global IT destinations

Acute shortage of IT tech-talent and software developers

Aging workforce due to low fertility rates

Harsh weather, especially winters

Interesting facts about nearshoring to Estonia:

ICT sector employs as much as 5.9% of the entire workforce in Estonia

Over 130 countries use IT services of Estonia

Ranks #1 country in terms of the number of unicorns per capita

Over 99% financial transactions occurring through digital ways

Capable of producing IT solutions in finance, banking, electrical engineering, chemical and mechanical engineering, telecommunication, manufacturing, healthcare and many other sectors

Ranks #5 in the world in human capital potential maximization index

Hotbed for startups adding 66 just in 2020 making the total figure of 1110 startups in the country

More than 4,800 IT service provider companies in the country with a turnover of about €3.6 billion

Prominent startups emerging from Estonia include Skype, Bolt, PipeDrive, PlayTech, and others

IT experts specialize in databases, data analytics, artificial intelligence, web development, web designs, cybersecurity, mathematics, and other top domains of science and technology

Outlook to Hire Developers in Latvia

Latvia is one of the three Baltic countries located in the Baltic Plains of North-East Europe. This country is located in the middle of the three countries on the Baltic Sea coast. The total area of Latvia is about 64,573 square kilometers with a population of about 1.9 million people. The capital of the country is Riga, which is also the most important IT hub of the country.

Latvia has emerged as one of the most popular nearshoring Lettland hubs in the European continent. The profit growth of the ICT industry grew at over 30% Year-Over-Year growth. This gigantic growth also pushed the demand for a developer Latvia CV in all IT companies in the country. Available tech-talent has started becoming short as compared to the demand, which lead to issuing work permits for the foreign engineers and developers.

There are many factors and reasons that have made Latvia one of the most popular hubs of the IT outsourcing industry in the region. A few facts and statistics to support this notion are mentioned below:

IT is the fastest-growing sector in the country

A sizeable pool of 37,000 IT specialists

Ranks #16 in the world in terms of the internet connection speed

One among the first countries that implemented 5G technology

The largest ICT exporter of Baltic states

The most common sector in which ICT is pervasively used include automation, robotics, data analytics, finance, telecom, IT support, app development, cloud-based solutions, healthcare and others

Fourth most matured country in e-government among the EU countries

The contribution of the ICT sector in the GDP of the country accounts for about 4.4%

Ranks #1 in ICT students per million students among EU countries

A large number of higher education institutes (52) with an average enrollment of over 80K students annually with a sizeable ratio of ICT students

About 23 professional-level IT outsourcing companies in the country

More than 50 shared service centers (SSC) and BPO centers

Over 15.5% of enterprises of all types are selling products online

Highly digitized business ecosystem powered by websites, apps, and online transactions

Choosing Latvia as an IT outsourcing destination, the companies may have the benefits and disadvantages as mentioned in the following lists.

Advantages:

Access to a highly skilled and tech-savvy pool of IT specialists

A competitive Riga software developer salary to reduce the cost of software development

Availability of powerful and efficient IT infrastructure to help improve staff productivity

Shared culture and multilinguistic workforce for better communication and coordination

Proximity with numerous major countries in Europe and other regions

Ideal time-zone that provides overlapping timings with many countries

Provide high-quality of work in line with the European Union quality standards

Options for bridging technological gaps in the development teams

And many others

Disadvantages:

A bit higher costs of development as compared to may other competitor countries like Ukraine and others

Faces an acute shortage of IT specialists and developers

A bit higher rates of taxes

Higher living cost

Outlook of Software Development Lithuania

Lithuania is one of the Baltic countries with a total area of 65,286 square kilometers and 2.78 million population. The country has emerged as one of the fastest-growing IT outsourcing and software development hubs. Vilnius is the capital city as well as the largest hub of the country. Starting a web development company Lithuania is one of the biggest trends in the country, which is also one of the biggest aspirants of creating startup companies in the region.

The most interesting facts and figures about the IT sector of Lithuania are listed below:

A pool of over 31K IT specialists with over 18,100 software developers and counting

Over ¼ of the students enrolled in tertiary education belong to science and mathematics

Young professionals are about 85% fluent in English

Highly educated national with a little less than 100% literacy rate and over 55% of youth population has higher degrees

Ranks #14th in ease of doing business and #4th in cybersecurity ranking

Leader in FinTech with over 170 companies in the country

Top companies working in Lithuania include Wix, Unity, Uber, Adform, Oracle, and others

Over 1000 startup companies and counting

The most common and flourishing industries of Lithuania are FinTech, cybersecurity, software development, automation and robotics, data science and others

The main advantages and disadvantages of choosing Lithuania as an app development company Vilnius destination for IT outsourcing are mentioned below.

Advantages:

Availability of highly skilled and innovative tech-talent pool

IT outsourcing and app development Lithuania saves you development cost

Improves the work efficiency and productivity

Ideal location for traveling from many countries in Europe, North America, and other continents

Similarity in culture, work ethics, language, and personal behaviors to build a friendly work environment

Great quality of work in line with European quality standards

And others

Disadvantages:

Very small tech-talent pool

Comparatively higher cost

Expensive living

Why Ukraine Is a Popular Alternative to Baltic Countries for Nearshoring Services?

Ukraine has become one of the most attractive destinations for IT outsourcing services, especially in software development, building remote R&D centers, and dedicated team building. Powered by numerous natural and man-made drivers, the country has attracted hundreds of multinational companies to establish their presence in this country.

The main reasons for IT companies from all over the world to choose Ukraine as their most attractive destination for IT outsourcing services are listed below:

The fastest growing IT sector with a growth of over 26% YOY.

A huge pool of tech-talent of around 200,000 IT specialists and counting

A huge IT ecosystem with more than 4,000 IT companies and over 1,600 IT service companies

A huge IT market with annual revenue of over $5 billion

Offers the most competitive prices as compared to the Baltic countries and other competitors

Provides high-quality services with a proven track record of past successes

An ideal location for physical traveling from multiple regions worldwide

Well established and robust IT infrastructure to support IT development and other services

And many others

If you compare all factors and indicators of Baltic countries with those of Ukraine, you will find that there are many similarities in the Baltic states; but Ukraine has many plus points as compared to the Baltic states that make it a better place for IT outsourcing for the companies across Europe, North America, and other continents.

If you are looking for the best alternative to Baltic countries for nearshoring services, consider Ukraine as a powerful place to hire remote developers with full confidence!

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brookstonalmanac · 3 years

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Events 12.6

963 – Pope Leo VIII is appointed to the office of Protonotary and begins his papacy as antipope of Rome. 1060 – Béla I is crowned king of Hungary. 1240 – Mongol invasion of Rus': Kyiv under Daniel of Galicia and Voivode Dmytro falls to the Mongols under Batu Khan. 1534 – The city of Quito in Ecuador is founded by Spanish settlers led by Sebastián de Belalcázar. 1648 – Colonel Thomas Pride of the New Model Army purges the Long Parliament of MPs sympathetic to King Charles I of England, in order for the King's trial to go ahead; came to be known as "Pride's Purge". 1704 – Battle of Chamkaur: During the Mughal-Sikh Wars, an outnumbered Sikh Khalsa defeats a Mughal army. 1745 – Charles Edward Stuart's army begins retreat during the second Jacobite Rising. 1790 – The U.S. Congress moves from New York City to Philadelphia. 1846 – American and Californio forces clash at the Battle of San Pasqual. 1865 – Georgia ratifies the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. 1882 – Transit of Venus, second and last of the 19th century. 1884 – The Washington Monument in Washington, D.C., is completed. 1897 – London becomes the world's first city to host licensed taxicabs. 1904 – Theodore Roosevelt articulated his "Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the U.S. would intervene in the Western Hemisphere should Latin American governments prove incapable or unstable. 1907 – A coal mine explosion at Monongah, West Virginia, kills 362 workers. 1912 – The Nefertiti Bust is discovered. 1916 – World War I: The Central Powers capture Bucharest. 1917 – Finland declares independence from the Russian Empire. 1917 – Halifax Explosion: A munitions explosion near Halifax, Nova Scotia kills more than 1,900 people in the largest artificial explosion up to that time. 1917 – World War I: USS Jacob Jones is the first American destroyer to be sunk by enemy action when it is torpedoed by German submarine SM U-53. 1921 – The Anglo-Irish Treaty is signed in London by British and Irish representatives. 1922 – One year to the day after the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the Irish Free State comes into existence. 1928 – The government of Colombia sends military forces to suppress a month-long strike by United Fruit Company workers, resulting in an unknown number of deaths. 1933 – U.S. federal judge John M. Woolsey rules that James Joyce's novel Ulysses is not obscene. 1941 – World War II: Camp X opens in Canada to begin training Allied Secret Agents for the War. 1942 – World War II In the villages Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka, German Gendarmerie massacre 31 Poles for helping the Jews. Also, two Jewish refugees were murdered. 1956 – A violent water polo match between Hungary and the USSR takes place during the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, against the backdrop of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. 1957 – Project Vanguard: A launchpad explosion of Vanguard TV3 thwarts the first United States attempt to launch a satellite into Earth orbit. 1967 – Adrian Kantrowitz performs the first human heart transplant in the United States. 1969 – Altamont Free Concert: At a free concert performed by the Rolling Stones, eighteen-year old Meredith Hunter is stabbed to death by Hells Angels security guards. 1971 – Pakistan severs diplomatic relations with India, initiating the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. 1973 – The Twenty-fifth Amendment: The United States House of Representatives votes 387–35 to confirm Gerald Ford as Vice President of the United States. (On November 27, the Senate confirmed him 92–3.) 1975 – The Troubles: Fleeing from the police, a Provisional IRA unit takes a British couple hostage in their flat on Balcombe Street, London, beginning a six-day siege. 1977 – South Africa grants independence to Bophuthatswana, although it is not recognized by any other country. 1978 – Spain ratifies the Spanish Constitution of 1978 in a referendum. 1982 – The Troubles: The Irish National Liberation Army bombs a pub frequented by British soldiers in Ballykelly, Northern Ireland, killing eleven soldiers and six civilians. 1989 – The École Polytechnique massacre (or Montreal Massacre): Marc Lépine, an anti-feminist gunman, murders 14 young women at the École Polytechnique in Montreal. 1990 – A military jet of the Italian Air Force, abandoned by its pilot after an on-board fire, crashed into a high school near Bologna, Italy, killing 12 students and injuring 88 other people. 1991 – Yugoslav Wars: In Croatia, forces of the Serb-dominated Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) bombard Dubrovnik after laying siege to the city for seven months. 1992 – The Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, India, is demolished, leading to widespread riots causing the death of over 1,500 people. 1995 – Khabarovsk United Air Group Flight 3949 crashes into the Bo-Dzhausa Mountain, killing 98. 1997 – A Russian Antonov An-124 Ruslan cargo plane crashes into an apartment complex near Irkutsk, Siberia, killing 67. 1998 – in Venezuela, Hugo Chávez is victorious in presidential elections. 1999 – A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.: The Recording Industry Association of America sues the peer-to-peer file-sharing service Napster, alleging copyright infringement. 2005 – An Iranian Air Force C-130 military transport aircraft crashes into a ten-floor apartment building in a residential area of Tehran, killing all 94 on board and 12 more on the ground. 2006 – NASA reveals photographs taken by Mars Global Surveyor suggesting the presence of liquid water on Mars. 2015 – Venezuelan parliamentary election: For the first time in 17 years, the United Socialist Party of Venezuela loses its majority in parliament. 2017 – Donald Trump's administration officially announces the recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.

#Events

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