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revolutionarywarhistory · 1 year

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A "person of trust": the story of Archibald Golder [Part 3]

Continued from part 2. This is the notes for parts 1 and 2.

Reprinted from my History Hermann WordPress blog.

Notes

[1] Journal and Correspondence of the Council of Maryland, 1781-1784, Archives of Maryland Online, Vol. 48, 54; Journal and Correspondence of the Council of Maryland, 1780-1781, Archives of Maryland Online, Vol. 45, 250.

[2] In July, the Council of Maryland would say something similar to Chevalier D'Anmaurs, writing: "We are honored with your Address of the 14th July and can assure your Excellency we shall always be happy in having it in our Power to contribute to the Assistance of the Army of our illustrious Ally, and demonstrating our inviolable Attachment to his Interest, and have, with the greatest Chearfulness, complied with your Requests, in giving full Powers to Mr Colder [Golder] to provide proper Quarters for the General Officers and the Establishments necessary for the Subsistence of the Troops, and to procure Vessels, Boats and Carriages Drivers and Hands for the Transportation of your Baggage, by Impress, if they cannot be otherwise obtained. Should your Excellency stand in Need of any other Aid on your March, or during your Stay in the State, it will give us particular Pleasure to render it. Mr Colder [Golder] will follow your Express in a few Hours."

[3] On August 1782 he would give an "Account of payments for boats" as noted in document within the Maryland State Papers.

[4] Gregory A. Wood, The French Presence in Maryland, 1524-1800 (Gateway Press, 1978), 129.

[5] Pension of Sarah and Archibald Golder, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, National Archives, NARA M804, W.943. Courtesy of Ancestry.com and HeritageQuest.

[6] Pension of Sarah and Archibald Golder, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, National Archives, NARA M804, W.943. Courtesy of Ancestry.com and HeritageQuest; Gaius Marcus Brumbaugh, Maryland Records: Colonial, Revolutionary, County and Church from Original Sources, Vol. 1 (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1993), 438.

[7] Application by William Walker Golder, May 6, 1940, Sons of the American Revolution Membership Applications, 1889-1970. Louisville, Kentucky: National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. Microfilm, 508 rolls, Vol. 296. Courtesy of Ancestry.com. Cites page 114 of Henry Wright Newman's Maryland Revolutionary Records and Archives of Maryland Vol. XLIII, page 272. The former is confirmed by a search of ancestry.com records, says that they were married in Anne Arundel County, MD, on, yes, page 114. This document also claims she died on Dec. 19, 1836, and says he was born on March 27, 1760 in Annapolis. Beyond this, it says she is buried at a family lot in Baltimore's Greenmount Cemetery.

[8] Index to the journals of the Senate and House of Delegates of the State of Maryland, as prepared under resolution 50, of 1849, and the Act of 1854, Vol. 1 (Annapolis: Requa & Wilson, 1856), 88, 397.

[9] Documentary History of the Constitution of the United States of America, 1786-1870: Derived from Records, Manuscripts, and Rolls Deposited in the Bureau of Rolls and Library of the Department of State, Vol. 2 (Washington: Department of State, 1894), 99; Documentary History of the Constitution of the United States of America, 1786-1870: Derived from Records, Manuscripts, and Rolls Deposited in the Bureau of Rolls and Library of the Department of State, Vol. 4 (Washington: Department of State, 1905), 604.

[10] Elihu Samuel Riley, "The ancient city" : a history of Annapolis, in Maryland, 1649-1887 (Annapolis: Record Printing Office, 1887), 229.

[11] Joshua Dorsey Warfield, The founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland: A genealogical and biographical review from wills, deeds and church records (Baltimore: K.D. Publishers, 1905), 475;Hazel Atterbury Spencer, The Boone Family: A Genealogical History of the Descendants of George and Mary Boone who Came to America in 1717; Containing Many Unpublished Bits of Early Kentucky History (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006 reprint), 61-65; Lyman Copeland Draper, The Life of Daniel Boone (ed. Ted Franklin Belue, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1998), 125, 147, 159, 171.

[12] Archibald Golder and Charles Carroll of Carrollton Esquire, also of Annapolis, Jan. 9, 1795, Anne Arundel County Court, Land Records, Liber NH 7, p. 393, 394, 395 [MSA CE 76-35]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[13] Agreement between Archibald Golder, William Hall III of Anne Arundel County, Charles Wallace, James Brice, John Randall, and James Mackubin of Annapolis, Aug. 26, 1797, Anne Arundel County Court, Land Records, Liber NH 8, p. 638, 639, 640, 641 [MSA CE 76-36]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[14] The excavation of this property would begin in 1991, continue in 2000, and become part of Annapolis's Historic District. Individually, however, this would not have an entry within the Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties because a building in the 1970s was built on top of the remains of Archibald's 44 West Street tavern.

[15] It would, during the 1830s, have "a large stable designed to accommodate 30 horses was constructed on the rear lot of the tavern."

[16] Second Census of the United States, 1800, Annapolis, Anne Arundel, Maryland, National Archives, NARA M32, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 9, Page 60. Courtesy of Ancestry.com and Heritage Quest.

[17] Archibald Golder to Richard Daw, lease of Lot in Annapolis, Oct. 18, 1802, Anne Arundel County Court, Land Records, Liber NH 11, pp. 620, 621 [MSA CE 76-39]. Courtesy of mdlandrec.net.

[18] F. Edward Wright, Maryland Militia, War of 1812 Vol. 3 (Baltimore: Family Line, 1980), 1; "Richard Daw, Wheelwright," The Maryland Gazette, Thursday March 5, 1807, No. 3138. Courtesy of the Maryland State Archives. Alternative version of this page; "Richard Daw, Wheelwright," The Maryland Gazette, Thursday March 12, 1807, No. 3139. Courtesy of the Maryland State Archives; "Richard Daw, Wheelwright," The Maryland Gazette, Thursday March 26, 1807, No. 3141. Courtesy of the Maryland State Archive. He is also noted as living in the city here and here in 1796, within the Maryland Gazette.

[19] Edward T. Schultz, History of Freemasonry in Maryland, of All the Rites Introduced Into Maryland, from the Earliest Times to the Present Vol. II (Baltimore: J.H. Mediary & Co., 1885), 51.

[20] Reportedly this comes from within "The Significance of Group Manumissions in Post-Revolutionary Rural Maryland" but it cannot be read with the current resources I have at my disposal.

[21] The diary of William Faris: the daily life of an Annapolis silversmith (Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 2003), 148, 235, 245.

[22] Edward C. Papenfuse, In Pursuit of Profit: The Annapolis Merchants in the Era of the American Revolution, 1763-1805 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), 149.

[23] Pension of Sarah and Archibald Golder, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, National Archives, NARA M804, W.943. Courtesy of Ancestry.com and HeritageQuest.

[24] Third Census of the United States, 1810, Annapolis, Anne Arundel, Maryland, National Archives, NARA M252, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 14, Page 118. Courtesy of Ancestry.com and Heritage Quest.

[25] He would work as a paper hanger after the war and would die in 1858 at the age of 70, buried at Green Mount Cemetery with his second wife, Mary Ann Cameron. Interestingly, he had fallen in a "painful accident" earlier that year but recovered, with the Sun calling him one of Baltimore's "most aged and respected citizens" ("LOCAL MATTERS." The Sun (1837-1991): 4. Aug 02 1858. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017).

[26] Sarah Golder of Archibald and revolutionary pension, 1831-1836, Ledgers of Payments, 1818-1872, to U.S. Pensioners Under Acts of 1818 Through 1858 From Records of the Office of the Third Auditor of the Treasury, 1818-1872, National Archives, NARA T718, Records of the Accounting Officers of the Department of the Treasury, 1775-1978, Record Group 217, Roll 15.Courtesy of Ancestry.com; Pension of Sarah and Archibald Golder, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, National Archives, NARA M804, W.943. Courtesy of Ancestry.com and HeritageQuest. She was also said to be a "most excellent lady, universally respected and beloved."

[27] Archibald, George, and Henrietta A. would be living in Baltimore as of 1836, John and Robert would be living outside the state, later reported they were "residents of Philadelphia" in 1837. By 1845, John Golder would be living in New York. Henrietta would marry a man named Captain Augustus McLaughlin and would die in May 1888 ("DEATHS AND BURIALS." The Sun (1837-1991): 6. May 31 1888. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017), as would L. Howard Golder, a son of Archibald's son ("DIED." The Sun (1837-1991): 2. Apr 22 1881. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017) and a person named Mary, a daughter of the same Archibald ("DIED." The Sun (1837-1991): 2. Apr 01 1871. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017; "DIED." The Sun (1837-1991): 2. Mar 30 1871. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017), along with another named Sarah Louisa ("DIED." The Sun (1837-1991): 6. Jul 07 1913. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017) and a son named William ("DIED." The Sun (1837-1991): 4. Mar 08 1907. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017).

[28] Pension of Sarah and Archibald Golder, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, National Archives, NARA M804, W.943. Courtesy of Ancestry.com and HeritageQuest.

[29] Seventh Census of the United States, 1850, Baltimore Ward 13, Baltimore, Maryland, National Archives, NARA M432, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll M432_285, Page 341A. Courtesy of Ancestry.com and Heritage Quest. The status of Mary L. Lawrence, age 23; George W. Lawrence, age 26, a physician; and Catherine Weaver, age 24, within the household is not known.

[30] Pension of Sarah and Archibald Golder. In later years, a man named Archibald Golder, an ancestor, would be a history (and economics) teacher within Baltimore City, teaching at Baltimore City College (from 1918 to 1966) with black students and active participant in the Maryland Historical Society and speaker on topics such as the Kellogg-Briand Pact ("From Freedom's Foundations." Afro-American (1893-1988): 8. May 19 1956. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017; "Rites for Archibald Golder, City College Teacher, Today." The Sun (1837-1991): 1. Jul 25 1966. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017; "School Board Delays Dispute Over Building." The Sun (1837-1991): 4. Nov 04 1922. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017; "To Address Young People." The Sun (1837-1991): 8. Mar 15 1930. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017; "City College Wins Foundation Award." Afro-American (1893-1988): 8. May 19 1956. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017; "Clubs." The Sun (1837-1991): 5. Apr 03 1936. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017; ""Friars' Frolic" Presented by City College Students." The Sun (1837-1991): 9. Dec 13 1924. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017). There is also another man named Archibald Golder of Baltimore, living in the 1890s, but no further information is known although he could be the related to or same as the history teacher, who graduated from City College in 1914. ("In the Orphans Court of Baltimore City." The Sun (1837-1991): 2. Feb 08 1890. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017; "Legal Notice 2 -- no Title." The Sun (1837-1991): 2. Jan 25 1890. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017; "CITY COLLEGE ALUMNI DINE." The Sun (1837-1991): 3. Jan 10 1917. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017; "Orphans Court," The Sun (1837-1991): 15. Jan 04 1922. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017; "Legal Notice 1 -- no Title." The Sun (1837-1991): 2. Feb 01 1890. ProQuest. Web. 29 May 2017).

[31] These included mentions of an Archibald Golder employed as a collector at St. John's College (related), perhaps his grandfather, mention of a "Mr. Archibald Golder for 'Tallow Tree'," mentions in the Calendar of Maryland State Papers, focus on his father presumably who was seemingly a cabinetmaker, and notes how he is Archibald Golder the III, with two others of the same name before him.

#maryland #maryland history #american revolution #revolutionary war #notes #us history #property

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verobatto · 4 years

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Destiel Chronicles

Vol. XLIII

It was a love story from the very beginning.

Being Useful for You

(9x09)

Hello My Friends? Are you enjoying this hiatus and the Holidays???

Here I am with a new meta from this series, this time I'm gonna talk exclusively of episode 9x09 Holy Terror. The Destiel scene here is a classic one, full of flirtation, had been analyzed a hundred of times, so it will be a hundred and one! 🤣🤣

I want to say thank you to my friend @agusvedder she made all the gifs for this meta and discussed the episode with me, thank you my dear! 😍💕

Now, let's began.

Let it shine

When the episode starts... There's this faction of the angels coming into a bar for a fight with Malaqui's angels.

The nuns were singing...

♪ This little light of mine ♪

♪ I'm gonna let it shine ♪

♪ this little light of mine ♪

♪ I'm gonna let it shine ♪

♪ this little light of mine ♪

♪ I'm gonna let it shine ♪

♪ let it shine, let it shine, let it shine ♪

Which is a prelude to Castiel recovering his angel's powers.

But then, inside the bar... The rebels angels, anarchists, were listening this song...

you got a nasty disposition ♪

♪ no one really knows the reason why ♪

♪ you got a bad, bad reputation ♪

♪ gonna hang your head down and cry ♪

♪ you got bad, bad luck ♪

♪ bad, bad luck ♪

♪ you got bad, bad luck ♪

Again this is talking about Castiel, like that bad one between the angels. The one with the bad reputation.

And is not casualty Cas will take the grace from one of the rebels. Because his rebellious nature.

Flirting in front of Sam

When they arrived to the bar, Dean and Sam found Cas already investigating as an FBI agent.

And because Sam was ignoring the whole "Zeke" situation, he saw Cas working and it was fun for him, feeling all proud, he went with the river.

But Dean wasn't amused. He knew the whole angels want to kill Cas issue, so he knew Cas won't be safe.

But... There was a really blatant flirty situation between Human Cas and Dean.

Castiel was a little drunk, because it was his first time doing that, I think he repeated that like twice, and a very easy going fluidity of words and second meanings.

Let's see ...

CASTIEL: It is so good being together again. You know, this is my first beer as a human. I hope it's okay, me joining you?

SAM: Why wouldn't it be okay?

DEAN (looks alarmed at this turn of the conversation) You know, Cas, are you sure you're ready to jump back into all this? I mean, it seemed to me like you'd actually found some peace.

CASTIEL: Hey, you once told me that you don't choose what you do. It chooses you.

DEAN: Huh?

Dear is still his role model, and more now that he's a human.... But the flirtation starts with a suggestive movement coming from Castiel. He had lived a couple of flirty situations with Dean in episode 9x06, even if he's kind of innocent, he is not that innocent when is about seduction, as I said so many times, he knows about seduction, and maybe he could notice some of these in Dean when he came alone to see him in the Gas n sip. And then in the car. So he knows... Now there's not boundaries between them. They're both humans... So... A little of alcohol and he went for it...

Look at Castiel's eyes and head movement, he also caressed his bottle gently, with a seductive gaze, he know perfectly what he is doing.

SAM: All right, well, then, in that case, we have to figure out, uh, who are we up against, what do they want, and how do we stop them.

CASTIEL: Well, Bartholomew wants to reverse Metatron's spell. Presumably to – to retake Heaven once his following is large enough. (...)

Wow... Here. Castiel had lived the fact that Dean had been jealous about Nora, so, why not try jealousy again? Yeah, let's mention this reaper... So Dean picked up that ball quickly.

The reaper you banged well that was kind of hard, and not with a buddy face of approval there... He looks mad, and jealous. Yeah, the reaper you banged, is like a jilted Lover recriminating a betrayal to his lover.

And Cas responds... Yeah, and you stabbed.

And his face is like YEAH, YOU WAS JEALOUS.

We all know Dean killed her because he killed Cas. But the tone of the conversation takes another context because their faces. Is like they're playing there to change the cause of April's death. You stabbed her because I had sex with her and you was jealous of her.

Tasting very dangerous waters... Dean redirect the chat to how hot she was.

Dean is the one who replaces the gay tension, to the straight safe place. And Castiel follows him. Because he is not unaware of this. He knows exactly what Dean is trying to do. And when Castiel does that, Dean comes back again to openly flirt with him.

That's a very suggestive gaze, and line, and everything, he even smiled at him with the tongue between his teeth, looking adorable, he know he looks adorable doing that, and I'm pretty sure he uses to seduce. Even the touch in the shoulder, everything here is pure flirtation my friends... And Sam was there... Pure thrid wheel soul looking at them in awe, how they're doing that at sunlight.

Then he will try to be a good brother, and leave them alone, but my sweet Cas didn't pick up that intention... And he will offer himself to go for more beers.

SAM (smiling at the exchange)

All right. I'm gonna get us another round.

CASTIEL: Nah. I'll get it.

CASTIEL hops off his bar stool, then returns.

Mm. (swigging the last of his old beer, and setting the bottle on the table.)

You know, I've never done this before.

And that line again, he is too cute. But what Cas, you had never flirted so openly with Dean? 🤣🤣🤣

Cas' prayer

But not everything was fun, because we had right there our official cockblocker, Gadriel.

So, is goodbye again.

Castiel is by himself and he decided to give a try to the pray.

If you recall in episode 9x03 Castiel went to a Church and he found a woman that talked about what faith meant to humans. Well he tries to use some of that, trying to contact other angels to get some info about the case.

That scene of Castiel praying in different postures was delightful. Trying to use what he learned, being human again. He even asked to himself if he's doing it properly.

When he was captured by Malaqui, he uses his strategy again. Malaqui names him like THE GREAT CASTIEL, and he is indeed. His innate soldier flaws again, and he was able to steal grace and scape from their captures. Not just that, but he killed all the angels in that place.

Why he decided to take Theo's grace and came back to the game like an angel? Because he heard Ezequiel was dead. And again Sam and Dean were in danger. And he felt he wasn't useful in his shape as a human. He thought maybe Dean was trying to protect him because he thought he wasn't useful like that. So he wanted to be useful.

I did what I had to

I will talk about this quote in another volume because it repeats all over season 9, and twice in this episode, first Theo and then Castiel.

But, let's come back to the fact that Castiel took a stolen grace (in one of the most sexy scenes I ever saw... Well... Is Misha, he makes everything hot) because he wanted to save Sam and Dean, to be useful to the battle. And he felt he would be more useful as an angel.

So, he called Dean by the phone (pointing Cas knows Dean's number) and we had this sad conversation...

CASTIEL (on the phone) Dean, I don't have a lot of time, so listen. The leader of the opposition is an angel named Malachi.

DEAN: How do you know that?

The concern is all over Dean's voice, he needs to know because he knows this case was very dangerous for Castiel, and he feels guilty for leaving him alone. Even if he knows Cas is strong, his protective nature can't handle the fact he failed to his friend in protecting him.

CASTIEL: He had me. I, uh, I was tortured. But I got away.

DEAN: How?

CASTIEL: I... I did what I had to. I became what they've become. A barbarian.

Here is the quote, is the mission, for the mission, he became a barbarian.

DEAN: What are you – Cas, where are you?

Dean is sensing Castiel is making bad decisions again, he thinks because he wants to help angels, but the truly reason why is HIM AND SAM.

CASTIEL: It's better I stay away. They're gonna want me even more now. But I'm gonna be all right. I... I got my Grace back. Well, not mine per se, but it'll do.

This is it. Cas is an angel again. Dean and Cas know they're in war, but... They had began something... Now the boundaries between them are here again... So is kind of frustrating...

Castiel smiles... The mojo is so Dean, to describe his grace. Yes is sad because they will be separated by that difference, but is necessary...

When Cas says I'm an angel, Dean asks immediately : And you are okay with that?

Because, what would be nice for Cas being a human? He suffered a lot, he doesn't even had a place, or his own bed. Why on Earth Dean was thinking Cas was feeling great as a human? He is not talking about those things, at all, he knows Cas was not having a great life, or great human experience. Then why Dean is asking this? Because of them. Him and Cas. It was obvious they were free, to do, say or even flirt with each other, and that felt good. The easy going, because they were both humans, not boundaries between them. Because both of them knew this. Even with that cockblocker and being apart, maybe Dean was thinking it wouldn't be for ever and eventually, Cas will be living in the bunker with them and maybe... Just maybe... They could be finally together.

So... Because they felt that thing between them, so real now that Cas was a human, so reachable... Why now to choose to be an angel again? Right. War. Mission. That's the way Cas thinks. Goodbye opportunity...

Then, Dean was about to say something... Something we will never know, because Castiel cut him off, I know this is frustrating, but the way Dean says CAS, it could be something coming from his frustrated and concerned heart.

And Cas ... He needed to be useful for Dean. For his mission.

To Conclude:

Castiel and Dean kept flirting. Cas being a human, without boundaries, knowing Dean had flirted with him in episode 9x03, decides to do the same, Dean doesn't stays back, and flirted with him too in front of Sam.

Castiel decided to get back to the game as an angel when he hears Dean and Sam were in danger. He also felt he wasn't useful for Dean, because he rejected him twice, so maybe for this war, he needed to come back powerful like an angel.

I hope you like this meta, I'll see you in the next one!

Tagging @metafest @magnificent-winged-beast @emblue-sparks @weirddorkylittlediana @michyribeiro @whyjm @legendary-destiel @a-bit-of-influence @thatwitchydestielfan @misha-moose-dean-burger-lover @lykanyouko @evvvissticante @savannadarkbaby @trickster-archangel @dea-stiel @poorreputation @bre95611 @thewolfathedoor @charlottemanchmal @neii3n @deathswaywardson @followyourenergy @dean-is-bi-till-i-die @hekatelilith-blog @avidbkwrm @anarchiana @dickpuncher365 @vampyrosa @foxyroxe-art @authorsararayne @anonymoustitans @mybonsai1976 @love-neve-dies @wildligia @dustythewind @wayward-winchester67 @angelwithashotgunandtrenchcoat @trashblackrainbow @deeutdutdutdoh @destiel-is--endgame @destiel-shipper-11 @larrem88 @charmedbycastiel @ran-savant @little-crazy-misha-minion @samoosetheshipper

@shadows-and-padlocked-hearts @mishtho @dancingtuesdaymorning @nerditoutwithbooks @mikennacac73 @justmeand-myinsight @idontwantpeopletoknowmyname @tenshilover20 @teddybeardoctor @pepevons @helevetica @isthisdestiel @dizzypinwheel @jawnlockwinchester

If you want to be tagged, just let me know.

If you want to read the previous metas from season 9, here are the links...

Vol. XL; Vol. XLI, Vol. XLII

Buenos Aires December 23rd 2019 9:32 PM

#destiel #destiel chronicles #destiel meta #supernatural meta #season 9 meta #vol. XLIII

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heyyouknowbts · 3 years

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BTS as Florida man headlines master post

The OP that inspired it all

Vol I Vol XXVI Vol LI Vol II Vol XXVII Vol LII Vol III Vol XXVIII Vol LIII Vol IV Vol XXIX Vol LIV Vol V Vol XXX Vol LV Vol VI Vol XXXI Vol LVI Vol VII Vol XXXII Vol LVII Vol VIII Vol XXXIII Vol LVIII Vol IX Vol XXXIV Vol X Vol XXXV Vol XI Vol XXXVI Vol XII Vol XXXVII Vol XIII Vol XXXVIII Vol XIV Vol XXXIX Vol XV Vol XL Vol XVI Vol XLI Vol XVII Vol XLII Vol XVIII Vol XLIII Vol XIX Vol XLIV Vol XX Vol XLV Vol XXI Vol XLVI Vol XXII Vol XLVII Vol XXIII Vol XLVIII Vol XXIV Vol XLIX Vol XXV Vol L

BTS as Florida man: A Christmas Special

Kim Namjoon as Florida man

BTS as Florida man: Wholesome edition

#bts as florida man #tfw you started with roman numerals thinking you weren't going to make that many posts and now here we are ;.;

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gardenofkore · 3 years

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- E lo princep respos al almirall: -Ques aço que vos volets que yo hi faça? que si fer yo puch , -volenters ho fare.- Yo , dix lalmirall , quem façats ades venir la filla del rey Manfre, germana de madona la regina Darago, que vos tenits en vostra preso aci el castell del Hou , ab aquelles dones e donzelles qui soes bi sien ; e quem façats lo castell e la vila Discle retre . - E lo princep respos , queu faria volenters. E tantost trames un seu cavaller en terra ab un leny armat, e amena madona la infanta , germana de madona la regina , ab quatre donzelles e dues dones viudes. E lalmirall reebe les ab gran goig e ab gran alegre , e ajenollas, e besa la ma a madona la infanta.

Ramon Muntaner, CRÓNICA CATALANA, p. 221

Beatrice was born (probably) in Palermo around 1260. She was the first child and only daughter of Manfredi I of Sicily and his second wife, the Epirote princess Helena Angelina Doukaina (“[…] et idem helenam despoti regis emathie filiam sibi matrimonialiter coppulavit, ex quibus nata fuit Beatrix.”, Bartholomaeus de Neocastro, Historia Sicula, in Giuseppe Del Re, Cronisti e Scrittori sincroni Napoletani editi ed inediti, p. 419). It’s quite plausible the baby had been named after Manfredi’s first wife, Beatrice of Savoy (mother of Costanza, who will later become Queen consort of Aragon and co-regnant of Sicily). The little princess would soon be followed by three brothers: Enrico, Federico and Enzo (also called Anselmo or Azzolino). With three sons, Manfredi must have thought his succession was secured.

Beatrice’s father was one Federico II of Sicily’s many illegitimate children, although born from his most beloved mistress (and possibly fourth and last wife), Bianca Lancia. Since his father’s death in 1250, Manfredi had governed the Kingdom of Sicily on behalf firstly of his (legitimate) half-brother Corrado and, after his death in 1254, of Corrado’s son, Corradino. In 1258, two years prior Beatrice’s birth, Manfredi had been crowned King of Sicily in Palermo’s Cathedral, de facto usurping his half-nephew’s rights.

Like it had happened with Federico, Manfredi was soon opposed by the Papacy, which didn’t approve of the Hohenstaufen’s rule over Sicily (and Southern Italy with it) and the role of the King as the champion of the Ghibellines faction. In 1263, Urban VI managed to convince Charles of Anjou, younger brother of Louis IX the Saint, to present himself as a contender to the Sicilian throne. Three years later, on January 6th 1266, the French duke was crowned King of Sicily by the Pope in Rome, thus overthrowing Manfredi. On February 26th, in Benevento, the usurped King then tried to get back his kingdom by facing Charles in the open field, but failed and lost his life while fighting.

The now widowed Queen Helena had previously fled to Lucera (in Apulia) with her children (Beatrice was now six), her sister-in-law Costanza, and her step-daughter, the illegitimate Flordelis, where she thought they would be safer. When they got news of the disaster of Benevento and Manfredi’s death, they fled to Trani from where they planned to set off to Epirus. The unfortunate party was instead betrayed and handed off to the Angevin. On March 6th night, Helena and the children were taken hostage and later separated. The Queen was sent at first to Lagopesole (in Basilicata) and finally to Nocera Christianorum (now Nocera Inferiore), where she would die still in captivity in 1271.

Enrico, Federico and Enzo were taken to Castel del Monte. Following Corradino’s death in 1268, Manfredi’s young sons (the oldest, Enrico, was just four at the time of his capture) were, to all effects, the rightful heirs to the Sicilian throne. It’s undoubtful Charles must have wanted them gone, or at least forgotten. In 1300 they were moved to Naples, in Castel dell’Ovo (which, at that time, was called San Salvatore a mare), under the order of the new Angevin king, Charles II. According to some sources, Federico and Enzo died there within the short span of a year. As for Enrico, he died alone and miserable in October 1318, he was 56.

As for Beatrice, her fate was more merciful compared to that of her mother and brothers and, for that, she had to thank her sex, which made her harmless in Charles’ eyes (as long as she was left unmarried). After being separated from her family (she will never see them again), the six years old princess was, like her brothers, held captive (although not together) in Castel del Monte. In 1271, she was moved to Naples, in Castel dell’Ovo, under the guardianship of its keeper, a French nobleman called either Landolfo or Radolfo Ytolant. Manfredi’s daughter is mentioned in a rescript of Charles dated March 5th 1272, from which we learn she had been granted at least a maid (“V Marcii xv indictionis. Neapoli. Scriptum est Iustitiario et erario Terre laboris etc. Cum ex computo facto per magistrum rationalem Nicolaum Buccellum etc. cum Landulfo milite castellano castri nostri Salvatoris ad mare de Neapoli pro expensis filie quondam Manfridi Principis Tarentini et damicelle sue. ac filie quondam comitis Iordani et damicelle sue dicto castellano in unc. auri novem et taren. sex de pecunia presentis generalis subventionis residuorum quolibet vel qua canque alia etc. persolvatis. non obstante etc. Recepturus etc.”, Monumenti n. XLIV. in Domenico Forges Davanzati, Dissertazione sulla seconda moglie del re Manfredi e su’ loro figliuoli, p. XLIII-XLIV). Like it had happened with her mother, and unlike her brothers, it appears Beatrice was treated with courtesy and respect. In her misfortune, she could count on the company of a fellow prisoner and distant relative, the daughter of Giordano Lancia d’Agliano, who was her grandmother Bianca Lancia’s cousin and had been a loyal supporter of her father, Manfredi.

On Easter Day of 1282, an anti-Angevin rebellion sparkled in Palermo would soon transform itself into a war to get rid of the so much hated Frenchmen, the so-called War of the Sicilian Vespers. It’s dubious that, close in her prison, Beatrice came to know about it. She might have also been surprised to know that her half-sister, Costanza, had been asked by a delegation of fellow Sicilians to take possession of what was hers by right (the throne) as she was their “naturalis domina”. Her rights were shared with her husband, Pedro III of Aragon, who would personally take part in the war and be rewarded with a joint coronation in November 1282.

For Beatrice, everything changed in 1284. On June 4th, Italian Admiral Ruggero di Lauria, at the service of the Aragonese King (he was also Costanza’s milk brother), defeated the Angevin fleet just offshore from Naples and took Carlo II prisoner. Being in clear superiority, the Sicilians could now demand (among many requests) the release of Princess Beatrice. Carlo’s eldest son and heir, Carlo Martello Prince of Salerno, could nothing other than obliging them. (“Siciliani autem , & omnes faventes Petro Aragonum, incontinenti de ipsorum victoria plurimum exultantes, Nuncios, & Legatos ad quoddam Castrum ex parte Principis direxerunt , ubi quaedam filia quondam Domini Regis Manfredi sub custodia tenebatur , ut dicta filia fine ullo remedio laxaretur , quae statim fuit antedictis Legatis , & Nunciis restituta.”, Anonimo Regiense, Memoriale Potestatum Regiensium. Gestorumque iis Temporibus. Ab anno 1154 usque ad Annum 1290, in Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Rerum Italicarum scriptores ab anno aerae christianae quingentesimo ad millesimumquingentesimum, vol. VIII, p. 1158).

Beatrice, finally free, left Castel dell’Ovo headed for Capri, where the Admiral was waiting for her. She had spent 18 long years in captivity and was now 24. From Capri she reached Sicily, where she was warmly welcomed and with a lot of enthusiasm, to meet her half-sister Costanza.

As the Queen’s closest free relative (both Pedro and Costanza had no interest in asking for Enrico’s release since, as a male, he had more rights than Costanza to inherit the throne), Beatrice had a great political value. At first, Ranieri Della Gherardesca’s name came up. He was the son of that Count Gherardo who had fought together with the unfortunate Corradino (the sisters’ royal cousin), and for that had been beheaded in Naples in 1268 alongside his liege. Finally the perfect candidate was found. Manfredo of Saluzzo was born in 1262 and was the son of Marquis Tommaso I and his wife Luigia of Ceva. Like Beatrice, Manfredo was strongly related to Costanza, specifically, he was her nephew since Tommaso and the Sicilian Queen were half-siblings (they were both Beatrice of Savoy’s children).

The marriage contract between the two is dated July 3rd 1286 and the contracting parties are on one side “la serenissima signora constanza regina dy aragon e dy sicilia e dil ducato de puglia principato di capua” and, on the other side “il marchexe thomas di sa lucio signore de conio una cum mạdona alexia soa moglie”. Tommaso declares that Manfredi will inherit his title, privileges and possession upon his death. If, after the marriage is celebrated, Manfredi were to die first, Beatrice would enjoy possession of the castle and some properties. The Marquise Luisa declares to agree with her husband’s decision (“[…] e a tuto questo la marchexa aloysia madre dy manfredo consenty”, Gioffredo Della Chiesa, Cronaca di Saluzzo, p. 165-166). The union was formally celebrated the year after.

Beatrice bore Manfredi two children: Caterina and Federico, born presumably in 1287 (“Et da questa beatrix haue uno figlolo chiamato fredericho et una figlola chiamata Kterina” Gioffredo Della Chiesa, Cronaca di Saluzzo, p. 185). In 1296 Tommaso died, so Manfredi inherited the marquisate and Beatrice became Marquise consort of Saluzzo. She will die eleven years later at 47, on November 19th 1307 (“Venne a morte nel dì 19 novembre di quest’anno Beatrice di Sicilia moglie del nostro marchese Manfredo, e noi ne accertiamo il segnato giorno col mezzo del rituale del monastero di Revello , nel quale leggesi annotato: 19 novembris anniversarium d. Beatricis filiae quondam d. Manfredi regis Ceciliae et uxoris d. Manfredi primogeniti d. Thomae marchionis Saluciarum, quae huic monasterio quingen- tas untias in suo testamento legavit.” Delfino Muletti, Memorie storico-diplomatiche appartenenti alla città ed ai marchesi di Saluzzo, vol III, p. 76). Her husband would quickly remarry with Isabella Doria, daughter of Genoese patricians Bernabò Doria and Eleonora Fieschi. Isabella would give birth to five more children: Manfredi, Bonifacio, Teodoro, Violante and Eleonora.

As of Beatrice’s children, Caterina would marry Guglielmo Enganna, Lord of Barge (“Catherina figlola dy manfredo e de la prima moglie fu sorella dy padre e dy madre dy fede rico e fu moglie duno missere gulielmo ingana capo dy parte gebellina in questy cartiery dil pie monty verso bargie.”, Gioffredo Della Chiesa, Cronaca di Saluzzo, p. 256). Federico’s fate would be more complicated. Like many mothers before and after her, Isabella Doria wished to see her own firstborn, Manfredi, succeeded his father rather than her step-son. The new Marchioness of Saluzzo successfully instigated her husband against his son to the point the Marquis. in a donatio mortis causa dated 1325, disinherited Federico in favour of the second son (Federico would have settled with just his late mother’s belongings), Manfredi (“Et questo faceua a instigatione de la moglie che lo infestaua a cossi fare.” Gioffredo Della Chiesa, Cronaca di Saluzzo, p. 224). Federico’s natural rights were later acknowledged by an arbitral award proclaimed in 1329 by his paternal uncles Giovanni and Giorgio of Saluzzo, and finally, an arbitration verdict dated 1334 and issued by Guglielmo Earl of Biandrate and Aimone of Savoy. As a condition of peace, the future Marquis should have granted his younger brother the castle and villa of Cardè as a fief. Stung by this defeat, Manfredi IV, his wife Isabella and beloved son Manfredi retired to Cortemilla. Federico died in 1336 and was succeeded by his son Tommaso, who would inherit his father’s rights and feud with the two Manfredi's. After being defeated by his half-uncle in 1341 (the older Manfredi, his grandfather, had died the year before), resulting in losing his titles, possessions and freedom, Tommaso would later regain what was of his right and rule as Marquis of Saluzzo.

Sources

-ANONIMO REGIENSE, Memoriale Potestatum Regiensium. Gestorumque iis Temporibus. Ab anno 1154 usque ad Annum 1290, in Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Rerum Italicarum scriptores ab anno aerae christianae quingentesimo ad millesimumquingentesimum, vol. VIII

-BARTHOLOMAEUS DE NEOCASTRO, Historia Sicula, in Giuseppe Del Re, Cronisti e Scrittori sincroni Napoletani editi ed inediti

- DEL GIUDICE GIUSEPPE, La famiglia di Re Manfredi

- DELLA CHIESA, GIOFFREDO, Cronaca di Saluzzo

-FORGES DAVANZATI, DOMENICO, Dissertazione sulla seconda moglie del re Manfredi e su’ loro figliuoli

- LANCIA, MANFREDI, Il complicato matrimonio di Beatrice di Sicilia

-Monferrato. Saluzzo

-MULETTI, DELFINO, Memorie storico-diplomatiche appartenenti alla città ed ai marchesi di Saluzzo, vol II-III

- MUNTANER, RAMON, Crónica catalana

- SABA MALASPINA, Rerum Sicularum

- SAVIO, CARLO FEDELE, Cardè. Cenni storici (1207-1922)

-Sicily/Naples: Counts & Kings

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uwlittlemags · 5 years

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November Alice Winifred Finnegan

Poetry November 1933 Vol. XLIII No. II

#Poetry #Poetry Magazine #Little Magazines #Little magazine #The Little Magazine #November #Poem #Autumn #Fall #Lit mag #lit mags #poems

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mitchipedia · 3 years

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5 Ephemera Vol. XLIII—Potluck exemption

Why not both?

Originally published at mitchwagner.blog: https://mitchwagner.blog/2021/07/24/5-ephemera-vol-xliiipotluck-exemption/

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drchugue · 3 years

Link

Delgado Del Aguila, Jesús Miguel (2020). «Jerarquización castrense en el Colegio Militar Leoncio Prado de La ciudad y los perros (1963)», en: Anuario de Estudios Filológicos. Revista indexada en Scopus. Universidad de Extremadura, España. Vol. XLIII, pp. 157-178. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.17398/2660-7301.43.157

#Mario Vargas Llosa #La ciudad y los perros #1963 #The Time of the Hero #Literatura peruana

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lowcountry-gothic · 4 years

Quote

The darkened pool showed autumn in its glass, And now the trees endure the wind's vast words In all their branches; scattered lines of birds Let fall a doubtful music as they pass. The nights are colder, and the last leaves die. A murmur fills the acquiescent wood; And where the star of drifting summer stood A newer constellation holds the sky. What grace exempts us, whose oblivious mood Admits no change, grows docile to no reason? What wind will tell the springing heart its season Or bring a winter solstice to the blood?

Alice Winifred Finnegan, "November" Poetry, November 1933, Vol. XLIII No. II

#Quotes #Poetry #Alice Winifred Finnegan #Autumn

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holaomar · 4 years

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Cat in the Dark Vol. XLIII b/n #catinthedark #cat #catsofinstagram https://www.instagram.com/p/CE40QgYhOlM/?igshid=7unndxjfh9dq

#catinthedark #cat #catsofinstagram

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curvedo · 7 years

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Melihat Sejenak Usaha Minyak Atsiri Pala

Oleh : Edo Jatmiko, Cindy Deviyanti Ta, Hotma Ria, Tri Rezki, Agung Prabowo

Siapa tak memakai minyak wangi? Siapa yang tidak membutuhkan pengharum untuk kendaraan? Siapa yang tidak membutuhkan pengharum ruangan? Karena hampir sebagaian besar manusia milenial zaman now dengan sengaja atau tidak sengaja berhubungan dengan zat pengharum tersebut. Salah satu yang paling trend sebagai bahan dasar pengharum/wewangian adalah minyak atsiri.

Minyak atsiri dapat diperoleh dari tumbuhan pala dengan cara mengekstrak bagian tanaman pala seperti akar, batang, daun, bunga, buha, atau biji. Minyak pala merupakan minyak atsiri yang dapat diperoleh dari biji buah pala dengan cara penyulingan. Minyak pala tidak berwarna atau kuning dengan odor dan rasa seperti pala, tidak larut dalam air, tetapi larut dalam alkohol. Di daerah Aceh dan Sumatera Barat, penyulingan pala tersebut sudah dilakukan dalam skala besar dan modern, sebab daerah-daerah tersebut sekarang ini merupakan pusat-pusat produksi pala. Untuk dapat menghasilkan minyak pala yang berkualitasnya baik dibutuhkan kualitas biji pala yang baik pula, terutama umur buah pala harus sungguh-sungguh sudah tua (umur petik buah).

Tanaman pala sendiri berasal dari pulau Banda dan sekarang sudah menyebar ke daerah-daerah lain Indonesia, bahkan sampai di Grenada, Amerika Tengah dan lain-lain. Tanaman pala sampai sekarang masih merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman unggul utama di Indonesia, tumbuh baik di daerah pegunungan dengan ketinggian kurang dari 700 meter dari permukaan laut. Jenis ini membentuk pohon yang tingginya lebih dari 18 meter dan berdiameter 30-45 cm. Buah untuk keperluan rempah biasa dipetik pada umur 9 bulan sejak mulai persarian bunga. Morfologi buah pala berbentuk peer, lebar, ujungnya meruncing, kulitnya licin, berdaging dan cukup banyak mengandung air. Jika sudah masak petik warnanya kuning pucat dan membelah dua. Biji pala tunggal, berkeping dua, dilidungi oleh tempurung, walaupun tidak tebal tapi cukup keras. Bentuk biji bulat telur hingga lonjong, mempunyai tempurung berwarna coklat tua dan licin permukaannya bila sudah cukup tua dan kering.

Kemudian apabila buah masih muda atau setengah tua, setelah dikeringkan warnanya menjadi coklat muda di bagian bawah dan coklat tua di bagian atasnya dengan permukaan yang keriput dan beraluran. Biji dan fuli yang berasal dari buah yang cukup tua dimanfaatkan sebagai rempah, sedangkan yang berasal dari buah yang muda dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku minyak pala karena kandungan minyak atsirinya yang jauh lebih tinggi daripada biji yang berasal dari buah yang tua. Pada buah muda (umur 4–5 bulan) kadar minyak atsiri berkisar antara 8–17% atau rata-rata 12% (Rismunandar, 1990).

Ekstraksi minyak pala dilakukan dengan penyulingan uap. Pada sistem ini, air sebagai sumber uap panas terdapat dalam “boiler” yang letaknya terpisah dari ketel penyulingan. Uap yang dihasilkan mempunyai tekanan lebih tinggi dari tekanan udara luar. Proses penyulingan dengan uap ini jika digunakan untuk menyuling bahan baku minyak atsiri berupa kayu, kulit batang, maupun biji-bijian yang relatife keras. Penyulingan dengan uap sebaiknya dimulai dengan tekanan uap yang rendah (kurang lebih dari 1 atm), kemudian secara berangsur-angsur tekanan uap dinaikkan menjadi kerang lebih 3 atm. Jika permulaan penyulingan dilakukan pada tekanan tinggi, maka komponen kimia dalam minyak akan mengalami dekomposisi. Jika minyak dalam bahan dianggap sudah habis bersuling, maka tekanan uap perlu diperbesar lagi yang bertujuan untuk menyuling komponen kimia yang yang bertitik didih tinggi (armando, 2009).

Pada industri parfum, minyak pala digunakan sebagai bahan pencampur minyak wangi dan penyegar ruangan (Weil, 1966). Senyawa aromatik myristicin, elimicin, dan safrole sebesar 2-18% yang terdapat pada biji dan bunga pala ternyata dapat merangsang halusinasi (Weiss,1997; Samiran, 2006), menurut Jukic et al.(2006), komponen myristisin dan elimisin mempunyai efek intoksikasi. Menurut Rismunandar (1990), minyak atsiri dalam daging buah pala mengandung komponen myristicin dan monoterpen. Komponen myristicin dalam daging buah pala dapat menimbulkan rasa kantuk. Oleh karena khasiatnya yang sangat banyak dalam bidang kosmetika dan farmasi, minyak atsiri pala sangat mumpuni dan potensial untuk dikembangkan.

Saat ini Indonesia memasok 76% kebutuhan pala dunia dan sisanya 20% dari Grenada, dan 5% dari Sri Lanka, Trinidad dan Tobago (Marks dan Pomeroy 1995). Nilai ekspor cenderung meningkat karena kenaikan harga, namun volumenya menurun. Harga pala dunia berkaitan langsung dengan harga pala domestik di sentra-sentra produksi. Hal ini karena penetapan harga pala di tingkat petani mengacu pada harga pala dunia. Importir utama pala adalah Amerika Serikat yang menyerap 50% volume pala dunia, diikuti Inggris 10%. Volume perdagangan minyak pala relatif kecil dengan importir utama Amerika Serikat (75% dari volume perdagangan dunia) dan Jerman. Negara pengimpor biasanya menetapkan persyaratan mutu yang tinggi dan pengawasan yang ketat selama proses produksi minyak pala dan oleoresin. Standar mutu yang digunakan dalam perdagangan pala dan minyak pala oleh importir adalah ISO 7355–1985 untuk pala, BS2999/37 : 1971 untuk minyak pala Indian Timur, BS2999/ 38 : 1971 untuk minyak pala Indian Barat, dan ISO 4734–1981 untuk minyak pala dari fuli (Food Drug Administration 1971).

Minyak pala juga digunakan sebagai pengharum ruangan dalam bentuk lilin, potpouring dan atomizer. Nilai ekonomi pengharum ruangan untuk pasar Amerika Serikat di tahun 1994 mencapai US$500 juta (Chemical Marketing Reporter 1994). Bila diproses lebih lanjut minyak pala akan menghasilkan 84% trimyristin, suatu asam lemak (C14) yang terdiri atas asam myristic dan gliserol. Trimyristin juga dapat dihasilkan dari coconut oil (17,50%), palm kernel oil (14,10%), dan babasu oil (19,90%), dan umumnya digunakan sebagai bahan baku sabun, detergen, dan oleokimia. Harga trimyristin (kemurnian 99%) untuk pemakaian di laboratorium (reagensia) dari SIGMA, Montana Amerika Serikat untuk berat 1 g adalah US$11,70; 5 g $36,65, dan 25 g $149,80 (Chemical Marketing Reporter 1994).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri biji pala mempunyai sifat antioksidan yang kuat. Aktivitas antioksidan tersebut disebabkan sinergisme di antara komponen –komponen minyak atsiri tersebut. Akhir-akhir ini ada perkembangan baru pemanfaatan minyak atsiri pala, yaitu sebagai bahan baku dalam aromaterapi. Dilaporkan bahwa komponen utama pala dan fuli yaitu myristicin, elemicin dan iso-elemicin dalam aromaterapi bersifat menghilangkan stress.

Kini Jepang telah menggunakan minyak atsiri pala dengan menyemprotkan aroma minyak pala melalui sistem sirkulasi udara untuk meningkatkan kualitas udara dan lingkungan. Untuk tujuan yang sama akhir-akhir ini banyak dijumpai penggunaannya dalam bentuk lain yaitu dalam bentuk potpourri, lilin beraroma, atomizer dan produk-produk pewangi lainnya. Tak mau kalah dengan Jepang, Amerika Serikat sendiri telah pemasaran produk - produk pewangi dari pala tersebut hingga mencapai nilai 500 juta USD. Negara maju telah mampu memberdayakan minyak atsiri pala untuk kesejahteraan dan memperbaiki kualitas lingkungan.

Masih banyak inovasi lain yang dapat dikembangkan secara kreatif. Kamu insinyur pertanian? Ayo kembangkan usaha minyak atsiri pala, untuk kita, lingkungan, dan bangsa Indonesia. Jangan mau kalah dengan bangsa lain.

Daftar Pustaka :

Amos dan W. Purwanto. 2002. Hard candy dengan flavor dari minyak pala. Jurnal sains dan teknologi Indonesia Vol 4(5):1-6

Jukic, M., O. Politeo and M. Milos. 2006. Chemical composition and antioxidant effect of free volatile aglycones from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) compared to its essential oil. Croatia Chemica Acta CCACAA 79(2):209-214.

Rismunandar, 1990. Budidaya dan Tataniaga pala. PT. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. Cetakan kedua.

Samiran, 2006. Cara alami mengundang kantuk. Majalah Intisari. Edisi No.517 ; XLIII. http://www.intisari-online.com

Weil, A.T., 1966. The use of Nutmeg as a Psychotropic Agent. Buletin on Narcotica, Issue 4-002.

Weiss, E.A. 1997. Essential Oil Crops Chapter 7: Myristicaceae.

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samdelpapa · 5 years

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{AUGURI AL GRANDE LEADER! 🇰🇵 Nonostante le macchinazioni degli imperialisti e dei reazionari per invertirne il corso, la storia si muove sempre nell’orbita della sovranità. Sostenere che lo scacco del socialismo in certi paesi significhi la «vittoria» del capitalismo e la «fine del socialismo» rivela solo una beata ignoranza della legge dello sviluppo storico. Si tratta di un sofisma che discende dall’intenzione di puntellare un ordine caduco. L’aborto del socialismo e la rinascita del capitalismo in alcuni paesi costituiscono certo pesanti perdite per la causa della sovranità dei popoli, ma non per questo vanno interpretati come una negazione della giustezza della causa del socialismo e della natura reazionaria dell’imperialismo. Se i princìpi del socialismo non vengono applicati come si deve nella sua edificazione, è inevitabile incorrere nel fallimento; proseguire sulla strada di ritorno verso il capitalismo recherà dolori e sofferenze incommensurabili al popolo. È questa l’amara lezione appresa dalla realtà storica, e i fatti in questione dimostrano la superiorità del socialismo sul capitalismo. Il socialismo è un’ideologia che incarna la natura stessa dell’uomo, essere sociale, che vuole porre fine allo sfruttamento e all’oppressione dell’uomo sull’uomo ed auspica che tutti vivano in piena indipendenza. È pertanto indubbio che, con il progresso della storia e il consolidamento dello spirito sovrano e creativo dell’uomo, esso conterà su una forza magnetica più elevata ed uscirà sicuramente vittorioso. Invece il capitalismo, basato sul principio del denaro che domina l’uomo, diventerà ogni giorno più disumano e finirà seppellito dai popoli armati di spirito sovrano. Siamo dunque tenuti ad analizzare il processo di mutamento della situazione attuale non con disperazione ma con ottimismo e a marciare con passo più deciso che mai, riponendo una ferma fiducia nel socialismo, lungo il cammino dell’indipendenza. — Kim Il Sung, Opere, vol. XLIII, Edizioni in lingue estere, Pyongyang 1998, pp. 264-265} Copia fb https://www.instagram.com/p/Bwl01Yhgd6u/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=iighy78a1jds

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verobatto · 4 years

Text

Destiel Chronicles

Vol. L

It was a love story, from the very beginning.

Love Story (Part II)

(9x22b/9x23)

Hi my friends! How are you? We arrived to the last meta from season 9! I can't believe we are here! Okay okay... Getting emotional...

I want to say thank you to my dearest friend, @agusvedder , she made the gifs for this analysis!! 💕💕

Cas Will always choose Dean

When Metatron's trap for Castiel was settled, he confronted him in front of his soldiers.

HANNAH: Why would we follow you?

METATRON: Well, look around. You've seen earth. You've had a taste of free will. I got to ask you -- do you like it? I mean, the way you've flocked off to follow Castiel tells me you need to follow someone. It's in your DNA.

Metatron needs to discredit Castiel in front of his followers, he needs to cover with mud all the brightness Castiel was offering: Earth/Free Will/Their innate mission to protect Humans. That's why he wants to tear down the Castle in the air, presenting them the inevitability of their lore. They're condemned to follow. And this recalls me what Michael had said in season 5 FREE WILL IS AN ILLUSION. The huge lie to keep the angel quiet and obedient.

METATRON: (...) But Cas -- he's not what you think he is. He sends angels out to die. Have you told them about your stolen Grace, Castiel? How it's fading away, and when it burns out, so will you?

Several things in this part of the speech, first of all, here is the discredit of the Great Castiel, he is showing them one only truth, the stolen grace, because is the only thing Cas can't deny, because is real. He stole grace, and is burning. But that's not the focus, the focus are the bomber angels. Is very smart from Metatron to use one only truth to plant a huge lie. And he is successful with that.

METATRON: (...) So...No, then. I'm not the best, but I'm the best you've got. You want to stay with Castiel, fine, but he's playing you, because at the end of the day, the only thing he cares about is himself and the Hardy boys there. You've got a choice to make. Make the right one

Playing the role of victim, saying "I'm not the best", to drag the angel by his side, and then, saying Sam and Dean is the only two persons he cares about (knowing the angel's were experiencing how Cas was always by the Winchesters side), was the last stab. Cas is in troubles now.

Hannah took the leadership, and defied Castiel, making him choose between them and the Winchesters. But not Sam and Dean... They threatened jus DEAN, why? Because the angels knew Dean was Castiel's weakness.

HANNAH: You gave us order, Castiel, and we gave you our trust. Don't lose it over one man. [She hands a blade to CASTIEL] This is justice.

Hannah is determinant here, she is testing Cas' loyalty... And she lost, because Castiel will always choose Dean...

Revealing Castiel's weakness

While settling down the trap, Metatron discovered Castiel true weakness...

You would say HE IS IN LOVE WITH HUMANITY, is a call to each human, because Castiel loves humans, he always had said he loves his father's creations.

But Metatron will certified in the last episode what he was talking about with HUMANITY. We will see in my next point.

When they come back to the bunker, Cas is desolated because he thinks he had lost every opportunity to defeat Metatron.

But someone is happy there: Dean.

Dean was kind of jealous of Castiel being a Commander again, leading angels. He had always hated when Cas shows any hint of interest in coming back to Heaven with his brothers. So... He leading an entire army of angel? It wasn't a good sign to keep Cas safe and with him.

There was a hint of melancholy in this scene, like... Destiel in the old times... But the weight of Dean's words here... He acknowledged Cas had chosen him, because Castiel loves him. And because his loyalty to him is intact. And Cas asks again his fears... Does Dean still believe he was capable to use angels as bombs? Because that was the fear he had in his now very human heart. But with this proof of love, Dean has not doubts. Cas is back, and with him, just for him.

That's why he settles again TFW speech...

He did it in the same episode in which Michael said that nefarious quote about TFW, remember? With the ONE COMATOSE CASTIEL on the bed.

I see a huge connection between that episode in season 5, this season 9 entirely, and season 15 about TFW and God/Metatron trying to control the will.

But concluding Dean is Cas' weakness ( as we will see textually in episode 12x10 too).

Cas did everything because of Dean

In episode 9x23 we had the confirmation of what Metatron wanted to say when he concluded that Cas was in love with humanity.

NEIL: Is that the new Angel handbook you're working on, or, uh...?

METATRON: No, no, this is a story, Neil, a marvelous story, full of love and heartbreak and...love.

NEIL: Sort of like "The Notebook."

Okay, Metatron is writing a love and love story here ... He mentions a heartbroken... Basically, he is inspired by Castiel's feelings for Dean, because that's the big secret he had just discovered. So is a story of love... (Family love, humanity love) and love with a heartbroken and that's Destiel. Because of what Metatron is about to do: KILL DEAN WINCHESTER. That way, by killing Castiel's weakness, he will defeat him completely.

And is hilarious angel Neil talking about a very romantic movie The Netbook, talks about a true love between a girl and a young man from different social class. Practically, a Destiel mirror.

Jumping to the confrontation between Metatron and Castiel at the end of the episode... He face our angel with the Truth he had just revealed...

That's it there's HUMANITY for Metatron. That's the humanity he was talking when he mentioned Castiel's weakness... He is in love with Humanity -> you did everything to save just one human : DEAN.

The equation is complete.

And now that he talked about LOVE, Is time to talk about HEARTBROKEN...

He breaks Castiel's heart by revealing he is dead. The Love Story had come to it's end.

To Conclude:

Castiel's weakness is revealed in these two episodes. Cas will always choose Dean (and Sam) over any circumstances.

Metatron discovered Castiel deep and romantic love for Dean and decides to hit that spot, by writing a Greek tragedy. He recognized it was a love story, and he will try to break Castiel's heart by killing Humanity (Dean Winchester).

I hope you like this meta, ser you in season 10 next week! Yay!

Tagging @metafest @magnificent-winged-beast @emblue-sparks @weirddorkylittlediana @michyribeiro @whyjm @legendary-destiel @a-bit-of-influence @thatwitchydestielfan @misha-moose-dean-burger-lover @lykanyouko @evvvissticante @savannadarkbaby @dea-stiel @poorreputation @bre95611 @thewolfathedoor @charlottemanchmal @neii3n @deathswaywardson @followyourenergy @dean-is-bi-till-i-die @hekatelilith-blog @avidbkwrm @anarchiana @dickpuncher365 @vampyrosa @foxyroxe-art @authorsararayne @anonymoustitans @mybonsai1976 @love-neve-dies @wildligia @dustythewind @wayward-winchester67 @angelwithashotgunandtrenchcoat @trashblackrainbow @deeutdutdutdoh @destiel-is--endgame @destiel-shipper-11 @larrem88 @charmedbycastiel @ran-savant @little-crazy-misha-minion @samoosetheshipper

If you want to be removed or added to this list, just let me know.

If you want to read the previous season 9 metas, Here are the links...

Vol. XL, XLI, XLII, XLIII, XLIV,

XLV, XLVI, XLVII, XVIII, XLIX

Buenos Aires February 26th 2020 4:18 PM

#destiel #destiel chronicles #destiel meta #season 9 meta #vol L

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The Late Show with Stephen Colbert : Stephen Colbert's Midnight Confessions, Vol. XLIII

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#ED4 #IIWII #XLIII

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Download Gratuito do livro “A vida está difícil. Lide com isso.”

Download: Fernando Nogueira da Costa – A Vida está Difícil. Lide com Isso.

Reuni resenhas da literatura recente de não-ficção postadas neste blog. São narrativas da crise mundial na atual transição histórica.

Li e resumi 43 livros de autores estrangeiros — veja a bibliografia abaixo –, em geral (exceto os de Metodologia) publicados nos últimos anos. Apresento em certa ordem as explicações sobre crise financeira, metodologia econômica, transição histórica devido à revolução tecnológica, consequências políticas vivenciadas e propostas políticas para evitar a atual polarização destrutiva.

Tratam da abordagem de um sistema complexo, emergente de interações de seus componentes, entre outros, alavancagem financeira, bolhas, individualismo e coletivismo, destruição criadora por inteligência artificial, fim da Era do Machismo, Era do Populismo, povo contra democracia, neofascismo, políticas identitárias, pós-verdade, reenquadramento mental, automação e pós-trabalho, capitalismo para o povo, localismo inclusivo em comunidade como alternativa à bi-polarização entre Estado e Mercado, êxtase ou psicologia da felicidade.

Espero propiciar uma amostra de leituras reflexivas sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas atualmente para as enfrentarmos e superarmos esse tempo turbulento.

Como é um trabalho voluntário gratuito, com o objetivo de compartilhamento de conhecimento, solicito a gentileza de o distribuir para todos os leitores interessados de sua rede pessoal.

Bibliografia:

AGRAWAL, Ajay, GANS, Joshua & GOLDFARB, Avi. Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of Artificial Intelligence. Boston-Massachusetts: Harvard Business Review Press; 2018.

ALBRIGHT, Madeleine. Fascismo: Um alerta. São Paulo: Editora Planeta do Brasil; 2018.

BOUCHAUD, J.P. A Desafortunada Complexidade da Economia. PhysicsWorld. Abril de 2009; pp 28-32, physicsworld.com.

BOWLES, Samuel. Microeconomía: Comportamiento, Instituciones, y Evolución. Santa Fe, New Mexico: http://www.santafe.edu/~bowles; edición virtual, Septiembre 2010.

CAMERER, C. (2007). The case for a ‘mindful’ economics. In A. Caplin & A. Schotter (Eds.), Handbook of economic methodology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007.

CAMERER, C., LOEWENSTEIN, G., & PRELEC, D. Neuroeconomics: How neuroscience can inform economics. Journal of Economic Literature, XLIII(1), 9–64; 2005.

COLANDER, David; HOLT, Ric & ROSSER, Barkley Rosser. The Changing Face of Mainstream Economics. Department of Economics – Middlebury College Economics Discussion Paper No. 03-27, November 2003.

CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, Mihaly. Flow: A Psicologia da Felicidade. London: Rider; 2017.

EGIDI, Massimo, MARRIS, Robin e VALE, Riccardo. Herbert Simon (org.) Economia, Racionalidade Limitada e Revolução Cognitiva. Editora Edward Elgar; 1992.

FERGUSON, Niall. A Praça e a Torre: Redes, Hierarquias e a Luta pelo Poder Global. São Paulo: Planeta do Brasil; 2018. 608 p.

GLIMCHER, P. W., & RUSTICHINI, A. Neuroeconomics: The consilience of brain and decision. Science, 306, 447; 2004.

GUL, F., & PESENDORFER, W. The case for mindless economics. In A. Caplin & A. Schotter (Eds.), Handbook of economic methodology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.

HARARI, Yuval Noah. 21 lições para o século 21. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras; 2017.

HARARI, Yuval Noah. Homo Deus: Uma breve história do amanhã. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras; 2015.

KAKUTANI, Michiko. A Morte da Verdade. Rio de Janeiro: Intrínseca; 2018.

KIMMEL, Michael. Angry White Men: American Masculinity At The End Of An Era. NY: Nation Books; 2013.

KIRMAN, Alan P. Comportamento individual e agregado: de formigas e homens. In edited by Geoffrey M. Hodgson. The evolution of economic institutions: a critical reader. Edward Elgar; 2007

KORINEK, Anton. Labor in the Age of Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Economists for Inclusive Prosperity. Research Brief; jan 2019.

LAKOFF, George. Don’t Tink of an Elephant! [Todos novos pensadores não pensam em um elefante: saiba os seus valores e faça um reenquadramento o debate]; 2004.

LASZLO, Ervin. A ciência e o campo Akáshico: uma teoria integral de tudo” (tradução Aleph Teruya Eichemberg, Newton Roberval Eichemberg). São Paulo: Cultrix, 2008.

LASZLO, Ervin. A Strategy for the Future: The Systems Approach to World Order (Uma Estratégia para o Futuro: A Abordagem Sistêmica para a Ordem Mundial); 1974.

LEVITSKY, Steven & ZIBLATT, Daniel. Como as democracias morrem. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar; 2018.

LIBET, B.. Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action. Behavior and Brain Sciences, 8, 529–566; 1985.

LICATA, Ignazio and SAKAJI, Ammar, Crossing In Complexity: Interdisciplinary Application Of Physics In Biological And Social Systems. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.; 2010.

LILLA, Mark. O progressista de ontem e o do amanhã: desafios da democracia liberal no mundo pós-políticas identitárias [The Once and Future Liberal: After Identity Politics] (tradução Berilo Vargas. 1ª ed.) São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2018.

LUKIANOFF, Greg e HAIDT, Jonathan. The Coddling of the American Mind: How good intentions and bad ideas are setting up a generation for failures. New York: Penguin Press; 2018.

MIAN, Atif. How to Think About Finance. Economists for Inclusive Prosperity. jan. 2019.

MINSKY, Hyman. Stabilizing an Unstable Economy. New York: McGraw Hill; 2008.

MOUNK, Yascha. O Povo Contra A Democracia. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras; 2018.

MULLER, Jan-Werner. What is Populism? Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press; 2016.

NAUDU, Suresh, RODRIK, Dani & ZUCMAN, Gabriel. Economics for Inclusive Prosperity: An Introduction. Econfip: Economists for Inclusive Prosperity; jan. 2019.

PENTLAND, Alex. Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread -The Lessons from a New Science. New York: The Penguin Press; 2014.

RAJAN, Raghuram G. The Third Pillar: How Markets and The State leave The Community Behind. New York: Penguim Press; 2019.

RIZZOLATTI, G., & SINIGAGLIA, C. So quel che fai. Il cervello che agisce e i neuroni a specchio. Milano: Cortina; 2006.

RUNCIMAN, David. Como a democracia chega ao fim (Título original: How Democracy Ends. Tradução: Sergio Flaksman). São Paulo: Todavia, 1ª ed., 2018.

SHILLER, Robert J. Narrative Economics. Cowles Foundation For Research In Economics – Yale University. Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 2069 – Discurso Presidencial proferido em Chicago na 129ª reunião anual da American Economic Association no dia 7 de janeiro de 2017.

STIGLITZ, Joseph & GREENWALD, Bruce. Rumo a um Novo Paradigma em Economia Monetária. São Paulo: Francis; 2004.

VALE, Riccardo. Methodological Cognitivism Vol. 1: Mind, Rationality, and Society. Berlim: Springer; 2012.

YADAVENDU, Vijay Kumar. Shifting Paradigms in Public Health: From Holism to Individualism.

ZAHLE, Julie & COLLIN, Finn (ed.). Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate – Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science. Springer International Publishing; 2014.

ZINGALES, Luigi & RAJAN, Raghuram G. Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists: Unleashing the Power of Financial Markets to Create Wealth and Spread Opportunity. HarperCollins Publishers India – Nova York: Crown Business, 2014.

ZINGALES, Luigi. A capitalism for the people: recapturing the lost genius of American prosperity. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data; 2012.

XAVIER, Adilson. Storytelling: Histórias que deixam marcas. Rio de Janeiro: Best.Bussiness; 2015.

Download Gratuito do livro “A vida está difícil. Lide com isso.” publicado primeiro em https://fernandonogueiracosta.wordpress.com

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